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Plate-like single-crystalline BaBi4Ti4 O 1 5 particles were synthesized by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method. The effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and NaCl–KCl molten salt content on the phase structure and morphology of plate-like BaBi4-Ti4 O 1 5 particles were investigated. The results show that plate-like BaBi4Ti4 O 1 5 particles can be synthesized when the sintering temperature is above 800 ∘ C. The size of particles increases with increasing sintering temperature and molten salt content. Largely anisotropic plate-like BaBi4Ti4 O 1 5 particles with diameter ≥ 10 μ m and thickness of ∼ 0.3 μ m can be obtained under the optimum process parameters. The crystal structure of BaBi4Ti4 O 1 5 was determined as A21am by TEM, which should be attributed to the Bi 3 + and Ba 2 + diffusing into [TiO6] octahedrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plate-like single-crystalline BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles were synthesized by the molten salt synthesis (MSS) method. The effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and NaCl–KCl molten salt content on the phase structure and morphology of plate-like BaBi4-Ti4[Formula: see text] particles were investigated. The results show that plate-like BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles can be synthesized when the sintering temperature is above 800[Formula: see text]C. The size of particles increases with increasing sintering temperature and molten salt content. Largely anisotropic plate-like BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] particles with diameter [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]m and thickness of [Formula: see text]0.3 [Formula: see text]m can be obtained under the optimum process parameters. The crystal structure of BaBi4Ti4[Formula: see text] was determined as A21am by TEM, which should be attributed to the Bi[Formula: see text] and Ba[Formula: see text] diffusing into [TiO6] octahedrons.

The amount of solid waste generated in Romania has increased in recent years mainly because of the people lifestyle. Since 2015, all local communities are working for a sustainable waste management using composting as the main method of recycling the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Composting is a way of obtaining a product from the biological oxidative transformation of OFMSW with less carbon and nitrogen, but more stable, which is called compost and that could enhance plant growth. This paper refers to quality evaluation of compost produced from OFMSW within Covasna-Boroşneu Mare Integrated Waste Management Centre. There were used empirical methods, physical and chemical analysis, germination tests with cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and plant growing tests with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). No presence of ammonia was identified within empirical test, and the C/N ratio has a typical value for a mature compost but, in the seed germination tests and plant growing tests the plants are dead. The phytotoxicity could be explained by the higher salts content of compost or by other substances that haven't been analiyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alguns herbicidas não-seletivos usados no sistema de semeadura direta (plantio direto) podem ser parcialmente neutralizados pela água utilizada como veículo para aspersão. Isso pode ocorrer se o água empregada apresentar colóides orgânicos ou minerais em suspensão, os quais podem adsorver as moléculas dos herbicidas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o efeito de águas com diferentes origens e características químicas na atividade do herbicida glifosato. Os tratamentos foram formados por diversas águas minerais (Cuxambu, Da Guarda, Fonte Azul, Fontes de Belém, Fonte Ijuí. Fonte da Ilha, Itati, Minalba e Sarandi) e água destilada, usada como veículo de aspersão acrescidas de 450 g/ha e. a. de glifosato, sendo a aveia-preta a espécie reagente. Como resultados, constatou-se que apenas aos I2 e 15 dias após tratamento (DAT) ocorreram diferenças entre as águas, quando aquelas das marcas Da Guarda, Fonte Azul e Fonte Ijuí reduziram a atividade do glifosato em comparação às águas Fonte Sarandi, Itati e a destilada. Nas duas últimas avaliações (21 e 28 DAT) nenhuma das águas minerais afetou o desempenho do glifosato em comparação com a água destilada, demonstrando assim. não existir efeitos negatives dessas águas minerais na atuação daquele herbicida.Some non-selective herbicides used in no-till system may be partially neutralized in water utilized as spray vehicle. This can occur if the water employed contains orgânic or mineral coloids in suspension, which may adsorb herbicide molecules. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of water from diferent origins and chemical characteristics on glyphosate activity. Treatments consisted of various mineral pource waters (Caxambu, Da Guarda, Fonte Azul, Fontes de Belém, Fonte Ijuí, Fonte da Ilha, Itati, Minalba e Sarandi) and also distitled water utilizing glyphosate rate of 450 g/ha a. e., that were applied over oat plants. Phytotoxicity loas visually evaluated at 7, 12, 15, 21 and 28 days after applications (DAA). It was observed that only ar 12 and 15 DAA occured diferences between waters. Da Guarda, Fonte Azul, and Fonte Ijuí reduced glyphosate activity in comparison to Fonte Sarandi, Itati and destilled waters. In the latest tuo evaluations (21 and 28 date) none of the mineral waters differed from destilled water shouing no negative effects of such waters on herbicide action of glyphosate.