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Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While prepositions create a phrasal structure in the sentence, they choose complements consisting of words originated from nouns, pronouns or verbs as dependent elements. Prepositional phrases determine specific syntactic roles for themselves and assign various semantic roles to the compulsory element attached to them, in other words, to their complements. In this study, the syntactic roles that prepositions assign to their complements are analysed within the frame of dependency grammar and volition theory while semantic roles are analysed within the frame of role theory, which is discussed within government and binding theory that is one of the subtitles of state grammar and transformational generative grammar. Tuvan language has a large number of inflected prepositions. Inflected prepositions form a prepositional phrase with the words coming before and after them and fulfil a specific function in the sentence. The syntactic and semantic role of each preposition varies according to the dependent morphemes. Therefore, a preposition may have multiple syntactic and semantic roles. This situation can only be resolved in context. In this study, syntactic and semantic roles that inflected prepositions, ışkaş, deg, deeş, -bile and hire, attach to their complements are analysed on the basis of the mentioned theories and within the sample sentences selected from grammar books, dictionaries and literary texts. In the end of each section of preposition analysed, a table consisting of preposition’s meaning, function, complement type, syntactic role, and semantic role is presented. In this way, it is aimed to reveal each feature of the analysed prepositions clearly and collectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Linguistics / Dilbilim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates complement clauses, i.e., clauses entering an argument slot of a complement taking predicate, in Ötämiš Ḥājjī's Čingiz-nāmä, a 16th century Middle Turkic text from Khiva which demonstrates Qipchaq linguistic features. Three major classes of complementation will be investigated: direct quotations, propositional-type complement clauses, and state of affairs-type complement clauses. The multitude of surface forms will be encoded into abstract structural types which enable structural comparison. The aim is to establish the inventories of expression types for each class, to give representative examples for each type, and to compare the typological inventories. Besides the formal aspects, semantic issues are investigated as well. The aim of the paper is to provide data for synchronic comparison, and ultimately to contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the variation in clausal complementation among the Modern Turkic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each structure used in the language gains a value in the context in which it is used. Especially, gaining functionality of attendant words are provided by syntactic relationships. In this study, uses of cause-result sentences of stuctures of ondan / onun için in the context of syntactic relationships in Turkey Turkish focused on. There are many conjunctions or units with conjunction function that providing causality relationship between causeresult sentences in Turkey Turkish. Stuctures of ondan / onun için take place among units with the conjunction function that providing causality relationship between cause-result sentences in Turkey Turkish. Location of cause-result sentences can change depending on the text type and style of expression features, there may be sequences of cause-result or result-cause. In these sequences, the place of the conjunction or the unit with the conjunction function may also change. In this study also, it has been observed that stuctures of ondan / onun için take place in cause-result sentences with different syntactic relationships. As a result, in the context of the text, it has been determined that the structures of ondan / onun için have the functions of reference, repetition and reinforcement in addition to being a unit with conjunction function in cause-result sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alan yazında özellikle de yabancı dil olarak Türkçeyi öğrenen ve anadili İngilizce olan bireylerin iki dil arasında daha çok karşılaştırma yaptıkları, dahası çoğu zaman da kendi anadillerinde düşünerek sözdizimsel hatalar yaptıkları belirtilmektedir. Bu anlamda yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde sorun odaklı yaklaşımlara yönelik araştırmalar oldukça önem kazanmaktadır. Sorun odaklı yaklaşımlardan biri olan hata analizi yöntemi, ikinci dil öğrenme sürecinin incelenmesi açısından oldukça önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, anadili İngilizce olan ve Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen bireylerin en çok yaptıkları sözdizimsel hataları, hata analizi ve karşılaştırmalı analiz bulgularından yararlanarak belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Indiana Üniversitesi Turkish Flagship Programında yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen ve anadili İngilizce olan A2 düzeyindeki 30 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Öğrenci hatalarını saptamak için öğrencilere “Sorulara Cevap Verme”, “Boşluk Doldurma” ve “Tümceyi Yeniden Yazma” bölümlerinden oluşan bir test uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda öğrencilerin daha çok biçimbilimsel ve dilbilgisel yanlışlardan kaynaklı sözdizimi hataları yaptıkları görülmüştür.

Çeşitli alanlarda Türkçe kullanmayı bir ihtiyaç hâline getirmek, bu alanları oluşturmak öncelikle devletin ve buna bağlı siyasal erkin görevidir. Sınır aşan ticari-ekonomik, kültürel, askerî politikalar; hedefler devlet tarafından uzun vadeli olarak oluşturulur, bunların gerçekleşmesinde kimi alanlarda devlet ve özel sektör birimleri birlikte çalışabilir. Özellikle ticaret ve bunun ardından gelen kültürel basınç bu süreç için katalizördür. Alanda hâkimiyet oluştuğunda ise güçlü olan tarafın dili karşı taraf için bir talep hâline gelir. Bu durumda arzı gerçekleştirmek için resmî ya da özel uluslararası asgari standartları sağlamış kurum ve kuruşların olması gerekir ki bu şartı Türkiye gerçekleştirmiştir. Türkçenin bir lingua franka olarak öğretimi ve kullanımı devletin nüfuz alanın genişlemesiyle birlikte bir ihtiyaç hâline gelmektedir. Bunun getirdiği bir sonuç olarak Türkçenin öğretiminde temelde iki farklı alanla karşılaşırız: Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretimi ve Türki Lehçe (Dil) Konuşurlarına Türkçe Öğretimi. Türk dilli konuşurlara Türkiye Türkçesinin öğretimi süreci diğer hedef kitleye Türkçe öğretimi bakımından öngörülebileceği gibi farklılıklar gösterecektir. Türk dilleri arasındaki fonetik, yapım morfolojisi, çekim morfolojisi, temel kelime hazinesi, öbek kurulumu ve sözdizimi bakımından mevcut benzerlikler ve farklılıklar; yüksek veya düşük seyirdeki anlaşılabilirlik dil öğretim ve öğrenim sürecini olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir.

Linguistic methods of analysis that allow a categorial classification on the basis of morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria are used for the determination of the count-/mass-noun distinction and collective nouns. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether such categorial assignments are also possible for the German and Turkish language. In the first part of the paper, explanations of some terms ("count nouns", "mass nouns" and "collective nouns") are given. Following up, a categorial classsification of German and Turkish nouns is attempted within the context of the enlisted linguistic methods of analysis (morphological criterion ("quantity plural"T1, "element affinity" T2); syntactic criterion (“use in numeral or measurement constructions" T3, "count nouns not without determinator in NP function (or [_] NP context" T4, "element attribute” or “genitive attribute" T5, "element specification apposition" T6); semantic criterion ("sortal plural" T7) (cf. Kuhn, 1982, s. 84-97). As the basis of the categorical assignments, the differentiations in German are taken into consideration and compared with the corresponding phenomena in Turkish. Unlike German, the Turkish language, however, has a special feature that "reflects a different morphosyntactic implementation of 'multiplicity' in the use of plural forms" (cf. Johanson und Rehbein, 1999, s. vii-xx und translated by N. D.). This peculiarity of the Turkish language is assigned to the linguistic phenomenon "transnumerality". In the languages of the world, there is, besides the marking of the grammatical category number, also a pattern according to which there is no number agreement within the noun phrase. Accordingly, German belongs to the first type of number use, in that it has multiple markings for the plural forms, whereas Turkish can be assigned to the second type. The overarching principle in the grammatical expressions of the Turkish language seems to be the concept of economy, according to which morphological economy is ranked higher than semantic transparency (cf. Ortmann, 2002).

In this study, idiomatic word cooccurrences within the framework of adjectives' collocation in Old Turkish texts were classified with a theoretical approach. In the study, semantic transparency, meaning specialization and generalization / formulaicity criteria in determining and distinguishing idiomatic word cooccurrences were used with the semantic approach. In the semantic classification of idiomatic cooccurrences, including collocations, a transition category called idiomatic collocation between an idiom and restricted collocations was designed. Therefore, it has been attempted to form a theoretical background in the field of phraseology for the semantically vague area between the idiom and restricted collocations, which is the most problematic point in the classification of idiomatic cooccurrences. In the study, the meaning categories determined between an idiom and free word combination are as follows: idiomatic collocations, restricted collocations, open collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education is the property of Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes the names of story books which have been named by 103 writers who works in the genre of story with syntactic features in the hundred years period between 1890-1990. "Yeni Türk Edebiyatında Öykü" which is a five-volume work by Ömer Lekesiz has been considered as source in determining story book names. The sample of this study includes 658 story book names that shown in this work. These names have been classified according to their formation from single word, phrase, sentence, subtracted structure or ordered word sequences. In this study, it has been derived that writers from this genre prefer to name their works more in phrases with fifteen different types. In the study, it has been conluded that names of works consisted of two and more words. Also, in addition, phrase with minimum three words in story book names constitutes one third of the research sample regardless of forming a sentence or substracted structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigating the characteristic features of the modern Turkish dialects in a comparative way recently became the most widely interested field among the Turkish studies. The reason for this is not only the tendency for convergence of the Turkic nations that split up for some reasons for a long time but also the eagerness of the linguists to prove to the linguistics science communities that the Turkic language family originates from the same roots and they exist as a whole. Hence, the investigation of the similarities and differences of the Modern Turkic Dialects in a comparative way and revealing the complete characteristic features of each dialect is a kind of necessity and an up-to-date concern. We argue that a comparative analysis of the conditional complex sentences in the modern Turkish and Azerbaijani languages, both of which are of the Southwest Turkic Dialects, will prove very useful for Turkish studies, considering the significance of comparative studies on the modern Turkic dialects and accents in regard to syntactical structure. There is a kind of sentence which is called the main sentence and it is formed by the means of the suffixes -sa, -se and they denote condition. And as the conditional part of the sentence in the Azerbaijani Turkic Language is not only used by the means of above-mentioned (-sa, -se) suffixes, but also by the other means, it leads us to focus on a huge difference between those two languages. In this paper, we shed light upon the views on the conditional complex sentences in grammar books by various researchers and proposed a variety of analyses based upon the comments of linguists on the conditional complex sentences in both languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sytax of modern Russian is an academic field which is the last turn of modern linguistics. In order to understand and master at sytax and in order to reach the base of this circle, the sequence that is to be examined should be as follows: phonology, lexicology, morphology. However, of all these domains, lexicology, morphology and phonetics are the most important ones for syntax. The studies of Russian syntax have a long history. There are a lot of studies carried out in this field. We are going to mainly investigate syntax and the students' perspectives are going to provide a basis for our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syntactic studies of Modern Turkish put special emphasis on the explanation of phrases. Phrase is denominated as word group or determinative group in many syntactic sources. Scholars of Turkish syntax have studied the formation, denotation and classification of phrases for decades. As a result, they have put forth a comprehensive knowledge about phrases. Those sources attribute their explanations about phrases to meaning, form and syntagm. Many books and articles of Turkish syntax express that phrases are syntagms having integrity with their structure and meaning. However it becomes clear that syntactic sources generally explain phrases based on their structural features and do not take into consideration their semantic characteristics. This paper will try to discuss and describe semantic relations between words forming a phrase in detail to make explicit semantic features of phrases. For this purpose, the paper will first explain the conceptual framework, then examine data about phrases compiled from Turkish sytactic sources, and lastly will explain semantic relations that have a part in forming phrases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Research Institute / Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Arastirmalari Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What several linguists call the inner and outer thought in the language we prefer to name it as the ways of transmitting the linguistic idea. In this presentation we will try to argue certain linguistic features of agglutinative languages compared to English as regards the so-called "extralinguistic reality" relying on previous data by both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic research, but also on certain philosophical thoughts related to language. In order to reach our objective we are going to focus on two well-known linguistic phenomena, language fiction and linguistic image, which, although studied since the beginning of the previous millennium, remain unbeaten paths in linguistics. Their study reveals information about certain etymological roots and, first and foremost, aims at helping the above-mentioned languages to better know and use the respective characteristics of the grammatical structures, but also, aims at helping translators in their difficult road of transmitting the different works not only as regards the rendering of the text from one language to another but also cutting through the dark tunnels of the history linking the different cultures. We will support our stance by giving lexical, phraseological, idiomatic and syntactic phrases examples, which properly express history and culture, therefore the inheritance of the national mentality of different nations and linguistic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adverbial clauses are non-finite structures which connected to the superordinate clause by independent or compound suffixes. In this study, syntactic positions in basic sentences and word order patterns of adverbial clauses in TDK, Şazeli ve Marmara copies of Kısas-ı Enbiya belonging to the 14th, 15th and 17th centuries respectively will be examined by comparison with Turkish. In Turkish, while the majority of subordinate clauses are non-finite, the majority of them mentioned in aforementioned texts belonging to the Anatolia field are finite. Adverbial clauses made by ki/kim, mādām ki, hemįşe ki, çün, çünki are always finite in our texts. Among these, it was observed that adverbial clauses made by tā (ki) ķaçan (ki/kim) may be both finite and non-finite. Furthermore, nonfinite adverbial clauses that will be examined in terms of syntactic position and word order patterns, will also be dealed with in terms of function and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies is the property of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the syntactic and semantic behavior of complement clauses, subjunctor markers and the roles of predicate types in selecting Turkic clausal complementation. It suggests that subjunctor selection is not solved by traditional classification of predicates while the semantic value of participial subjunctor is decisive. In order to play a prominent selecting role, participial subjunctor should be semantically compatible with concepts it signal in both higher and lower predicates.

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Language, while in a mind boggling way forces the limits of our imagination, on the other hand, it is a complex system and arrangement which makes the human mind work and it offers many alternatives for the human being to express knowledge, emotion and thought. So the user can focus on the information which they consider as important, and searches within the limits of the possibilities provided by the language in order to emphasize the information he wants to transfer to the receiver. Many expression techniques can be used to realize this. Various kinds of sentences like the relative clause, provision clause, description sentence, inverted sentences, use of some functional morphemes like repetitions, reverse structures, adjective, adverb, pronoun and conjunction and making some order changes in the syntax, appropriate to the rules are all for stressing the information considered important. In this way, a reliable communication, which is a system, based on coding and decoding, is created between receiver and transmitter; so, there is no misunderstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]