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The aim of this paper is to outline the ideal that the Franco dictatorship pursued for the case of rural women and analyze its evolution during the almost forty years that the dictatorship lasted. For this purpose, we have analyzed the official curricula of the female agrarian training schools, where the women who were to be 'models' for the peasant women were trained. The press and reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and women's magazines of the time were consulted. We conclude that this specific education sought to turn them into housewives by erasing the traces of their peasant identity and that this process entailed the creation of a space that could be called 'home' and the assignment to them of specific tasks within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gender violence shows itself intensely in different realities. In rural areas, it presents particular characteristics, which need to be studied more deeply as there are still very few studies on this context in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to study gender violence in the countryside of Santana do Livramento (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), discussing alternatives to combat it. Twelve interviews were carried out with rural women who suffered violence, rural residents and representatives of organizations which deal with such issue in the town. Nine rounds of talks were also carried out on the issue with college Agrarian Sciences students and with rural residents from the town. During the research, many cases of violence were reported in the countryside area, but most were not alleged, showing how serious the problem is. The interviewed women who had suffered some type of violence from their husbands took many years to end their relationships and they still have psychological consequences from this past. Rural women who suffer violence can count on a support network in town, which is essential, although some improvement is still necessary in the structural scope and in the integration of the work.

The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the contribution of loans granted to rural women and use them in implementation of some activities and to study the social and economic characteristics, including educational, demographic, economic and domestic aspects. This research was conducted in the Dakahlia Governorate and about 70 observation were surveyed for an intentional sample from two villages from the Meet Ghamr district, namely Dondit village with 36 views, and Kafr al-Wazir, with 34 views, representing about 362 agricultural production and service projects. This research was conducted during the agricultural season2018\2019, in analyzing the data the researcher relied on descriptive statistical analysis methods including the relative importance of frequencies, percentages, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),to explain the change in some independent factors, namely the level of education of rural women, the size of the family, the source of income, the type of project, the project management, the marketing methods for project products, the type of benefit from the project, the administrative obstacles to the project on the value of the loan, the monthly installment of the loan and the total monthly income of the family. Among the most important results of the research is that about 46% of the respondents in Meet Ghamr District are illiterate and unfamiliar with reading and writing, and the lack of decent job opportunities for them to help them with the burdents of life. More economic and continuous activities to provide the necessary financing for spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Van having tangible and intangible heritage sites, which is located at the Eastern Anatolia region, is an important tourism city. In the context of this study, the potential role of women in rural tourism development was critically evaluated. This study aims to discover the presence of women who put a lot of effort in the production of rural herby cheese, which is an important local food, but not yet being adequately considered as a touristic product. The study was conducted in four different provinces of Van, multiple case study design was employed as a part of qualitative research design. In this study, the ethnographic method and face-to-face interviews were mainly adopted to collect data on the issues related to the women who are intensive labour at every stage of the cheese-making and management process; their contributions, daily life experience, their cultural habits, the presence of cheese in their life. The findings include such differences in the role of women in the production process and in receiving benefits from economic outputs. Additionally, the women in the region affected by the socio-cultural attributes are determined their daily practices that imply the production and marketing process of cheese in the region. Finally, it has been concluded that there are still serious problems of the Van Herby Cheese (VHC) making process which seems to be having a great potential for the development of rural tourism in the region on the way of forwarding the cheese-making story into the touristic product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to determine the level of knowledge of rural women about the effects of climate changes on the rural environment, and to determine the level of knowledge and implementation of rural women in ways to face the effects of climate change related to the areas of increased energy consumption, increased consumption of drinking water, increased damage to vegetables, fruits and foods, and increased cases of mortality of domestic birds. As well as determining the degree that rural women implement appropriate methods to adapt to changes in the previous areas. And determine the relationship between the degree of knowledge and rural women implementation of appropriate methods to face climate change and each of the independent variables studied. Finally, to identify the problems that rural women face when trying to adapt to climate change, and their suggestions for solving these problems. The geographical scope for conducting the study in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate is determined. The study sample has reached 310 holders in the four villages as follows: Al-Maragha Village has 58 holders, Abu Mandour Village has 105 holders, Alwarak Village has 117 holders, and the Teda Village has 30 holders. For statistical treatment of the research data, the simple correlation coefficient "Pearson" was used, in addition to the tabular presentation of the frequency and percentages. The search results were as follows: - The level of knowledge of rural women on the effects of climate changes on the rural environment in general was average, and the relative importance of their knowledge was concentrated in the following effects: incidence of diseases and epidemics of poultry, a gradual rise in temperatures for several months of the year, and the emergence of diseases and epidemics of animals that did not exist before, And the occurrence of diseases and epidemics of farm animals, and a change in the dates of rainfall from year to year. - The level of knowledge and implementation of rural women on adaptation methods in the field of increasing energy consumption was high. Likewise, in the area of increasing consumption of drinking water, the level of knowledge and implementation of rural women was high. Whereas, the level of knowledge of rural women in the field of increasing vegetable and fruit spoilage was average, and their level of implementation in this area was high. Finally, with regard to the level of knowledge of rural women in the field of increasing cases of mortality of domestic birds, it was average, and the level of their implementation was low. The most closely related variables to the knowledge of rural women in the field of increasing energy consumption were variables: the age of the respondent, the number of years of the study's education, the number of learners in the respondent's family, the number of years of the respondent's experience in raising livestock, and domestic birds. While the most closely related variables were the implementation of rural women in the field of increasing energy consumption, they were variables: the age of the respondent, the number of years of the researcher's experience in raising livestock, and domestic birds. - The most closely related variables to the degree of knowledge of rural women in the area of increasing drinking water consumption were variables: the age of the respondent, the number of years of the researcher's experience in raising livestock, and domestic birds. While the most closely related variables related to the implementation of rural women in the field of increasing drinking water consumption were variables: the number of years of education of the respondent, the number of learners in the respondent's family, and the monthly income of the respondent's family. - The most closely related variables to the knowledge of rural women in the field of vegetables and fruit spoilage were variables: number of years of education of the respondent, monthly income of the respondent's family, and degree of respondents' information sources. While the most closely related variables were the implementation of rural women in the field of vegetable and fruit spoilage, there were variables: the age of the respondent, the number of years of education of the respondent, and the number of learners in the respondent's family. - The most closely related variables to the knowledge of rural women in the field of increasing cases of bird mortality were variables: the number of learners in the respondent's family, and the monthly income of the respondent's family. While the most closely related variables were the implementation of rural women in the field of increasing cases of bird mortality, they were variables: the monthly income of the respondent's family, the number of years of the respondent's experience in raising livestock, and domestic birds. - The most important roles for officials to help rural women to face the threat of climate change were: holding advisory seminars continuously, sensitizing them to adapting to climate change, distributing advisory brochures on climate change, distributing appropriate seeds, and providing databases of climate change. - The most important problems facing rural women women to adapt to climate change were: lack of awareness and experience of rural women about climate change, and the weak role of agricultural extension in helping rural women to face the threat of climate change, while their most important proposals to reduce the risk of problems they face when trying to adapt to climate change were Intensify awareness-raising seminars on climate change, and provide informative brochures on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territory is understood as an appropriate space, delimitated by power relations, and constituted by material and symbolic relations which provide elements to the territorialities development and for forming men and women identities. In the territory of familiar production, the sexual division of labor and of spaces causes the 'invisibility' of women's work in the productive sphere, fact that influences on the construction of the rural women’s identity. However, women exercise their territorialities in both spaces and their productive and reproductive activities are fundamental to the family's livingness and permanence in the countryside. In this sense, it proposes to analyze the territorialities and the territorial identity of the subjects of the countryside and ascertain how this discussion contributes to the recognition of rural woman's identity. To the development of this research, have been taken theoretical research about: territory, territoriality, identity, gender and domestic space.