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Background: A large variation can be observed in the menopausal health concerns and issues in the varying and extensive socioeconomic groups and the females residing in urban and rural areas. However, existing literature data is scarce addressing this issue. Aim: The present study was aimed to comparatively assess the menopausal health issues in urban and rural females in India. The study also assessed the average menopausal age and assessed the variations and prevalence of menopausal females in urban and rural populations. Methods: The study assessed 800 females who attained menopause from both urban and rural populations. The included females were divided into two groups based on their residence in rural and urban areas. In included females, demographic data were recorded along with menopausal symptoms and reproductive history. The gathered data were statistically assessed. Results: The study results showed variations in the menopausal symptoms of females residing in urban and rural areas. The most common symptom was joint and muscle pain seen in 86% (n=34) females from rural and 80% (n=320) females from urban areas. Breast pain was seen in 30% of females. It was also associated with night sweats, sleep disturbances, and hot flashes. The majority of rural females considered menopausal symptoms natural and considered no need for medication attention until severe symptoms appeared. Conclusions: The present study concludes a significant need for awareness of menopausal-age females concerning self-care and better management of the discomforts associated with menopause. The study results can help create awareness and corroborate the health status of menopausal females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine how Chinese rural female vloggers present and express themselves online when they are increasingly exposed to the Internet, and to analyze the motivations of their self-expression and whether the media images on the Internet correctly reflect the real life of rural women in China.

Females are basic component of human society and their good health matter a lot in future reproduction. In some parts of the world they are living in miserable condition and are treated brutally. They have least access to education; nutrition and quality health services. Even in Pakistan, they are also deprived of their basic rights and do not possess good reproductive health. Aim of this research was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception among rural married women of distract Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Study design was descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were gathered through survey method using a well structure questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling technique was applied for selection of sample and total 160 married women were selected randomly through multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data acquired from the field were transferred and analyzed using SPSS. Results indicate that predominating age categories were 26-35 and 36-45 years. Of the total, 66.9% were married at the age of 13-18 years; 48.1% were illiterate; while 91.3% had knowledge about family planning, 35% had monthly income of PKR 5001-10000; 71.4% had unplanned pregnancies and 52% had more than 4 children. Major source of information about contraceptives was friends and relatives, 43.8% considered family planning as not essential and 57.5% considered family planning against the Islamic teachings. However, 34.4% hardly have ever practicing family planning methods. Majority of the respondents were using oral pills and local products. Statistical results show positive relationship between awareness, education and family planning. Results suggested need to change the society's attitude towards family planning through females' involvement in jobs/services and rationalize them to adopt contraceptive method via workshops/seminars through lectures of religious scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]