Search

Understanding the concept of representation as a key factor involved in the process of meaning production in a society, can help us answer the following questions: what does the concept of representation mean in the context of constituting and producing political power, what does the process of representation entail, and how does it function? Our focus will be on the idea that political power is produced through regimes of verbal and visual representation that actively shape our perception of reality, including existing social norms and values. Representation is not only the result of certain social tendencies and changes, but also their instigator. The status of a ruler is determined not only based on their historical or social relevance, but also on how they are represented. In shaping the perception of a ruler as a legitimate holder of power, representation often plays a more dominant role than the subject itself. We will treat the concepts of power and representation as interdependent and interconnected variables. We will pay attention to how their reciprocal subordination produces two effects: the institution of power appropriates representation as something inherently its own, and representation is actually what transfers its power onto it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we aimed to highlight the immense contribution of ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza to the modernization of the national defense system of the young Romanian state resulting from the Union of January 1859. The ruler unified the Armies of Moldova and Wallachia and then undertook a set of measures that led to the quantitative and qualitative increase of the Army and the other components of the defense system. Numerous normative acts of European inspiration were adopted, exchanges of experience were made in the line of training, equipment and the foundations of a modern military education were laid. In 1866, Romania had a modern, well trained and equipped Army.

Disease-causing bi-allelic DNA variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 are frequent causes of the hereditary disorder of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The encoded proteins form a molecular ruler complex, crucial for maintaining the 96 nm repeat units along the ciliary axonemes. Defects of those proteins cause a stiff, rapid, and flickery ciliary beating pattern, recurrent respiratory infections, axonemal disorganization, and abnormal assembly of GAS8, CCDC39, and DNALI1. We performed molecular characterization of the defects in the 96 nm axonemal ruler due to disease-causing variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 and analyzed the effect on additional axonemal components. We identified a cohort of 51 individuals with disease-causing variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 via next-generation sequencing techniques and demonstrated that the IDA heavy chains DNAH1, DNAH6, and DNAH7 are conspicuously absent within the respiratory ciliary axonemes by immunofluorescence analyses. Hence, we show for the first time that the centrin2 (CETN2) containing IDAs are also affected. These findings underscore the crucial role of CCDC39 and CCDC40 in the assembly and function of IDAs in human respiratory cilia. Thus, our data improve the diagnostics of axonemal ruler defects by further characterizing the associated molecular IDA defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Methods of evaluation of interlaboratory comparison results are prescribed by ISO standards. Ruler is probably one of the most widely used length measuring instrument in the world. For laboratories that plan to be accredited for the calibration of Ruler, the acquisition of a specialized Measuring bench is not economically feasible. Confidence in the measured result depends on the measurement uncertainty, and where deficiencies are observed, the values that contribute to the measurement uncertainty should be investigated. This paper describes an interlaboratory comparison for a small number of laboratories on the example of a Measuring bench for calibrating Ruler and indicates the procedure for problem identification; diagnosis of causes; consideration of solutions; initiation of action for improvement and monitoring of the results of applied solutions. The authors documented the problem and listed the elements that contributed to "Unsatisfactory" result in interlaboratory comparisons. They described the actions they took to overcome the "Unsatisfactory" result, analyzed whether the proposed solutions led to "Satisfactory" result and took actions accordingly. The paper presents the results of the international interlaboratory comparison, which are a confirmation of the competence of the personnel, measuring calibration equipment and calibration method.

Methods of evaluation of interlaboratory comparison results are prescribed by ISO standards. Ruler is probably one of the most widely used length measuring instrument in the world. For laboratories that plan to be accredited for the calibration of Ruler, the acquisition of a specialized Measuring bench is not economically feasible. Confidence in the measured result depends on the measurement uncertainty, and where deficiencies are observed, the values that contribute to the measurement uncertainty should be investigated. This paper describes an interlaboratory comparison for a small number of laboratories on the example of a Measuring bench for calibrating Ruler and indicates the procedure for problem identification; diagnosis of causes; consideration of solutions; initiation of action for improvement and monitoring of the results of applied solutions. The authors documented the problem and listed the elements that contributed to "Unsatisfactory" result in interlaboratory comparisons. They described the actions they took to overcome the "Unsatisfactory" result, analyzed whether the proposed solutions led to "Satisfactory" result and took actions accordingly. The paper presents the results of the international interlaboratory comparison, which are a confirmation of the competence of the personnel, measuring calibration equipment and calibration method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will introduce a novel perspective on Confucian democracy by connecting it with Ernesto Laclau’s (2005) conception of democracy in On Populist Reason. Specifically, I argue that the normatively ideal ruler-ruled relationship in Confucian political theory can be conceptualized as the people making a radical investment in a virtuous leader. This argument will proceed in several steps. Firstly, I will provide context surrounding Confucianism and Laclau’s (2005) novel political ontology. Secondly, I will draw on the psychoanalytic work of Jacques Lacan (2001) to explore the notion of a radical investment and how it can be appealed to by politicians, rhetoricians and philosophers through their use of empty signifiers, signifiers without a fixed conceptual signified (such as MAGA or “Take Back Control”). In Laclau’s application of Lacanian psychoanalysis these represent an unachievable full harmonious community with no conflicts between different interests. I will then argue that a core part of Confucius’ political message, his constant advocacy for a virtuous ruler modelled on the Sage-Kings of the Zhou dynasty, is essentially a Laclauian conception of politics, because the Zhou kings are playing the role of empty signifiers in Confucius’ political theory. That is, they represent an unachievable ideal of a fully harmonious community. Finally, I argue that this increases Confucianism’s potential for compatibility with democracy since these psychoanalytic dynamics could be replicable in modern democracies and would be normatively desirable should a virtuous leader utilize them.

Disease-causing bi-allelic DNA variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 are frequent causes of the hereditary disorder of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The encoded proteins form a molecular ruler complex, crucial for maintaining the 96 nm repeat units along the ciliary axonemes. Defects of those proteins cause a stiff, rapid, and flickery ciliary beating pattern, recurrent respiratory infections, axonemal disorganization, and abnormal assembly of GAS8, CCDC39, and DNALI1. We performed molecular characterization of the defects in the 96 nm axonemal ruler due to disease-causing variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 and analyzed the effect on additional axonemal components. We identified a cohort of 51 individuals with disease-causing variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 via next-generation sequencing techniques and demonstrated that the IDA heavy chains DNAH1, DNAH6, and DNAH7 are conspicuously absent within the respiratory ciliary axonemes by immunofluorescence analyses. Hence, we show for the first time that the centrin2 (CETN2) containing IDAs are also affected. These findings underscore the crucial role of CCDC39 and CCDC40 in the assembly and function of IDAs in human respiratory cilia. Thus, our data improve the diagnostics of axonemal ruler defects by further characterizing the associated molecular IDA defects.

Malik Ashtar is a personage educated based on the educational doctrines of Islam in Nahj al-Balagha. The way he was educated led to his selection as one of the governors and rulers during the Imamate (leadership) of Imam Ali (A.S.). Accordingly, this study aimed at identifying the componenets of his educated personality in various dimensions (physical, religious, moral, political, economic, social, intellectual, and emotional). To this end, we used content analysis and semantic network. According to this method, the propositions and themes related to Malik Ashtar’s personality dimensions in Nahj al-Balagha and related historical books were first identified and coded and then analyzed. The research results indicated that Malik Ashtar was educated in various educational dimensions including enjoying physical strength and health, having spiritual beliefs, commitment to righteous deeds and moral virtues, struggling with oppression, doing justice, and making effort to have unity and strength of government, paying attention to people’s material welfare, cooperation and assistance, intellectualism, recognition and insight, affection and loving, and moderation. This can be an inspiration for educating competent rulers and governors in the Islamic society of Iran.

The research dealt with the topic representations of the ruling icon in modern European painting which concerned the issue of ruling icons through their employment and uses in European painting, and included four chapters: the first of which concerned the methodological framework of the research, and contained the research problem in which light was highlighted on (the ruling icons in Modern European painting), and the research problem was identified by answering the following question: What are the ruling icons in modern European painting? As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical framework, which contained two sections, the first included the concept of the ruling icon, while the second chapter included the ruling icon in modern European painting, while the third chapter was concerned with the research procedures, and the fourth chapter contained results and conclusions, including: The icon in European painting relied on the emotional impact of colors and shapes, and the artist used a way to communicate their inner feelings such as fear and sadness, and their works became . Contemporary painters added the religious figure in their works, and this employment came to bear key characteristics . The icon took its place in the contemporary arts, which were able to develop forms that carry iconographic connotations with religious dimensions, in principle, to serve the secrets of the faith or to simplify its concepts and consolidate them in the minds of the societies that we see to this day as a system immortalized by legends.

يعد مفهوم التعزير من المفاهيم الأصيلة في الفقه الإسلامي؛ فالعقوبات في الشريعة الإسلامية تنقسم إلى حدود وتعازير، أما العقوبات الحديَّة فهي التي حددها الله سبحانه وتعالى، وأما العقوبات التعزيرية فهي التي تركت الشريعة الإسلامية تقديرها إلى القاضي، وللقاضي صلاحية واسعة في التعزير تبدأ من العفو في المخالفات والجرائم البسيطة إلى الإعدام في الجرائم الخطيرة كجريمة التجسس؛ فالتعزير أعطى صلاحية واسعة للحاكم والقاضي من حيث تقدير العقوبات ضمن القواعد العامة في الشريعة الإسلامية، وأهم هذه القواعد أن يكون القاضي مجتهداً قادراً على استنباط الأحكام الشرعية من القرآن فاهماً لمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، ولكن مع مرور الزمن أساء الحكام هذه الصلاحية الواسعة، ووُجد من القضاة من لم تتوافر فيه صفة الاجتهاد، فأوقعوا العقوبات الشديدة لجرائم عادية، وكان التعزير وسيلة لتعذيب وقتل المعارضين السلطةَ بحجة خروجهم على الحكام، وعند تعدد القضاة في البلد الواحد اختلفت الأحكام القضائية بسبب اختلاف القضاة في التعزير والاجتهاد بالرغم من أن الجريمة واحدة فكان ذلك سبباً في الظلم، وفي العصر الحديث كان التقنين وسيلة للحد من هذه السلطة الواسعة للقاضي، وتحديد العقوبات تحديداً دقيقاً. وقد اختلف الفقهاء في حكم تقنين الشريعة الإسلامية ما بين مؤيد للتقنين على اعتباره من المصالح المرسلة ووسيلة لضبط القضاة، وما بين معارض للتقنين؛ لأنه فكرة غربية وليست فكرة إسلامية، وبالرغم من الاختلاف في فكرة التقنين قام الفقهاء بعدة محاولات لتقنين الفقه في القرن التاسع عشر والقرن العشرين مثل مجلة الأحكام العدلية في القانون المدني في أواخر العهد العثماني، والقانون العربي الموحد المستمد من الشريعة الإسلامية. فالبحث يتحدث عن بيان مفهوم التعزير عند الفقهاء، والقواعد العامة الضابطة له في الشريعة الإسلامية، وتطوره عبر الزمن، وتوسع الحكام في استخدام التعزير وإساءة السلطة الممنوحة لهم, ثم يقارن هذا المفهوم بالأدبيات الغربية وموقفهم من التعزير والتقنين، ومحاولات الفقهاء لتقنين الفقه. وقد خلصت الدراسة أن أصل مفهوم التعزير هو التأديب ثم توسع الفقهاء في هذا المعنى إلى الردع والزجر، ثم غابت فكرة التعزير شيئاً فشيئاً مع وجود التقنين، وكان التقنين حلاً مناسباً لتقييد سلطة القاضي، ولكن التقنين أوقع القضاة بداية في حرج شديد حيث لم يستطع القاضي الخروج عن المواد القانونية بالرغم من وجود الظروف المخففة للجاني ما أدّى إلى منح القضاة سلطة تقديرية في التقنين يستطيع أن يقضي من خلالها بما يتناسب مع الظروف المخففة والمشددة للجريمة وشخصية المجرم حيث وُجد للعقوبة حد أعلى وحد أدنى بحيث تسمح للقاضي الحكم على الجريمة من خلال هذين الحدين؛ وبذلك يكون نظام التقنين قريب من نظام التعزير في الشريعة الإسلامية.

Copyright of Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung fur Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RULER is a pre-K–12 systemic approach to social and emotional learning (SEL) that supports educators in cultivating emotion skills and provides them with pedagogical principles and tools to help them explicitly teach social and emotional skills to students. The current study tests whether preschool-level access to RULER was associated with growth in early literacy skills using a sample of 1051 preschoolers in 95 classrooms across 19 community-based centers in a small urban northeastern US community. The Preschool Early Literacy Indicators were collected three times over an academic year by district staff. Multi-level growth modeling with inverse probability weighting revealed that children in preschools with access to RULER grew significantly more in their early literacy skills than children without access to RULER—an end-of-year difference equivalent to 0.25 standard deviations, 95% CI [0.14, 0.40]. The current study demonstrates that RULER may promote young children's early literacy skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the range of effectiveness of the ruler's permission in elevating the damage compensation in Islamic jurisprudence. The ruler's permission in Islam includes both the permission for an act or the commanding of it. In the contemporary language, the ruler's permission is the set of rules and laws that the nation and its institutions issue in order to organize the act of giving licenses and permissions in the different sectors of work and life. This study concluded that the Islamic scholars have decided upon a set of standards that limits the effectiveness of the ruler's permission in a way that reflects the refusal for the idea of absolute monarchy in an Islamic state. Furthermore, it emphasises the principle that the ruler must be supervised and held responsible for his actions . Therefore, the ruler has the ability to elevate the damage compensation when the following set of standards is realized: 1-Iif the injurer used his own right or property. 2-The absence of infringement .3-The realization of "Maslaha".4- The absence of harm (zarar) and social disutility (mafsadah) .5- Customs and culture. 6- The existence of the necessary precautions. 7-The addition of a legal aspect to the acts and the promulgation of laws accordingly. This study recommends the necessity of allocating these sets of standards with a detailed and applied examination for the reality of people's lives in their daily business and affairs, as this has an effect in achieving the goals of self-preservation and the protection of property from any damage that could generate from the state's prior permissioned or non-prior permissioned acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Τhis article presents the basic similarities and differences between the Political Realism of Niccolò Machiavelli in the 15th century A.D., i.e. during the Renaissance in Europe, and the Chinese Legalism of Han Fei in the 3rd century B.C., during the Warring States period. It could be supported that Political Realism and Political Legalism share numerous elements that bring them closer rather than apart. The fundamental works written by the main representatives of these two political doctrines, namely the Prince by Machiavelli and the Han Feizi by Han Fei, are addressed to living political leaders, specifically Lorenzo de' Medici and the governor of the Hann state in the Warring States historical period (476-221 B.C.) respectively. Both philosophical movements emphasize the importance of statesmanship in a ruler and reject the idealistic approach to politics. Machiavelli and Han Fei do not promote a cruel leadership, but straightforwardly condemn morality alone as insufficient for the establishment of a state. Both of them try to replace previous models of virtuous political philosophy – that of classical antiquity in the case of Machiavelli and that of Confucianism in the case of Han Fei – with a new notion of political correctness which takes into account the urgency of the moment and ensures political stability.

Exploring the visits made by the ruler (and his family) to Pest-Buda, the paper aims to reconstruct the process of courtly life at Buda in the nineteenth century. The analysis primarily focuses on those occasions which indicate, on the one hand, how the palace of Buda was used by the Viennese court in the first half of the 19th century and, on the other hand, the stations and phases of a real rebirth of courtly life in the second half of the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Meezan for Law & Islamic Studies is the property of World Islamic Sciences & Education University (WISE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research sought to explain the right of the ruler, and the protection of his authority through the prophetic Sunnah, including: honouring and respecting him, and obeying him in goodness, and not rebelling against him or dragging authority with him, and abstaining from insulting him in his absence, and being patience whenever there is injustice or egoism, and praying for his uprightness and guidance. The methodology followed in the research is: the analytical method and the inductive method. The findings of the research include: that protecting the authority of the ruler is among the most important reasons for safeguarding the society against extremism, and that obeying in goodness is among the fundamental doctrines of the people of Sunnah and Jamaa’ah and that the hadiths reported in this regard reached the level of being overwhelming (mutawaatir), and that not being patient with his injustice would lead to a greater harm, and also among the impacts of weakening the authority of the ruler include: instigating chaos, and disruption of peace, and alienation of rights and the spread of extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thhis article presents the basic similarities and differences between the Political Realism of Niccolò Machiavelli in the 15th century A.D., i.e. during the Renaissance in Europe, and the Chinese Legalism of Han Fei in the 3rd century B.C., during the Warring States period. It could be supported that Political Realism and Political Legalism share numerous elements that bring them closer rather than apart. The fundamental works written by the main representatives of these two political doctrines, namely the Prince by Machiavelli and the Han Feizi by Han Fei, are addressed to living political leaders, specifically Lorenzo de' Medici and the governor of the Hann state in the Warring States historical period (476-221 B.C.) respectively. Both philosophical movements emphasize the importance of statesmanship in a ruler and reject the idealistic approach to politics. Machiavelli and Han Fei do not promote a cruel leadership, but straightforwardly condemn morality alone as insufficient for the establishment of a state. Both of them try to replace previous models of virtuous political philosophy - that of classical antiquity in the case of Machiavelli and that of Confucianism in the case of Han Fei - with a new notion of political correctness which takes into account the urgency of the moment and ensures political stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study deals with the political legitimacy of the Muslim ruler, through the prophetic Sunnah to determine the controls and determinants which makes the Muslim ruler legitimate, people must obey him, because his obey -In that case- derived from the obedience of Allah Almighty. The study came in a preamble and three topics: In the first topic, the political legitimacy of the ruler was linked to his eligibility to rule, and in the second topic, his legitimacy was linked to the way he reached power, and in the third it related to his method of governance. The scientific research methods used in this research are: the inductive approach and the descriptive approach. The study concluded that the description of political legitimacy is taken away from the Muslim ruler if he does not have the qualities that should be available in the Muslim ruler and that qualify him to rule, as well as if he reached the judgment without the advice of the ummah, as well as if he was not committed to the rule according to the rules of Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of discretion is one of the basic concepts in Islamic jurisprudence. Punishments in Islamic Sharia are divided into hudud and tazir. The hudud punishments are those specified by Allah. whearas tazir punishments are left to the judge in the Islamic Sharia. The judge has a wide authority to punish, starting from the amnesty in violations and minor crimes to the death penalty for serious crimes such as the crime of espionage. Punishment gave wide authority to the ruler and judge in terms of estimating penalties within the general rules of Islamic Sharia. The most important of these rules is for the judge is able to extract legal rulings from the Qur’ān, but with the passage of time the rulers abused this wide authority, and there were judges who did not have the status of knowledge, so they imposed severe penalties for ordinary crimes, and tazir was a way to kill opponents. In the case of a multiplicity of judges in the same country, judicial rulings differed due to the difference of judges in tazir punishment, although the crime was one, and that was a cause of injustice. At present, the law was a means of limiting this broad authority of the judge and defining penalties precisely. With the beginning of the nineteenth century, jurists made attempts to put the provisions of the Sharia in the form of laws such as the Journal of Legal Rulings and the Unified Arab Law taken from Islamic Sharia. The research talks about clarifying the concept of tazir according to the jurists, the general rules governing it in Islamic Sharia, and its development over time, and the expansion of rulers in the use of punitiveness and abuse of the authority granted to them. The study concluded that the origin of the concept of tazir punishment is discipline, then the jurists expanded in this sense to deterrence and rebuke, then the idea of tazir gradually disappeared with the presence of law. Regarding the legal rules, despite the existence of mitigating circumstances for the offender, which led to the judges being given discretionary power in judgment, through which he can judge in proportion to the mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the crime and the personality of the offender, as he found for the punishment an upper and lower limit that allows the judge to judge the crime through these two limits; Thus, the legalization system is close to the tazir system in Islamic law . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop height measurement is an important part of automatic crop observation, which can directly reflect the growth of crops. To solve the problem that the cost of artificial measurement of crop height is higher and the subjective influence of individual is greater, this study presents a method of measuring crop height by image processing. The ruler is placed behind the main stalk of the crop to take the photo of the ruler. The obtained images were converted to HSV color space on MATLAB to divide and filter the color blocks of the ruler. The pixel height of the color block is calculated by the connected domain analysis method. The plant height is calculated by the ratio relation between the ruler pixel height and the actual height. The shrubbery is taken as the experimental object to take photos and make measurement. Comparing the measured plant height data with manual measurement data, the results show that the measurement error is less than 0.0173 m, which meets the standard of automatic observation of plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Russkaa Starina is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the original concept of the political history of Abkhazia in the first half of the XIX century which was reconstructed by means of qualitative analysis of a well-known narrative source - «Memories» by G. I. Philipson. The author minutely analyzes relevant evaluative conclusions by the Russian general which refer to Abkhaz politicians, social processes in the region, and the specific characteristics of interaction between local communities and the tsar administration. Particular attention is paid to the personal characteristics of the ruling princes, personal qualities which had a direct impact on the real nature and objective dynamics of imperial incorporation.

This article is devoted to the study of such a separate historical and literary genre as the chronicle praise of the ruler. During the XI-XVI centuries, chronicle praise was a very common technique of medieval scribes. Comparing the praises of different Russian Chronicles and different historical periods, the author proves that the chronicle praise of the ruler grew out of a brief posthumous description of him, reflected the chronicler's good knowledge, his likes and dislikes, and in the XII century acquired a ready – made form-a literary form. Early praises (XI-XIII centuries) correctly reflected historical reality, contained individual traits of the ruler, changed depending on historical conditions, which increases their value as a historical source. It was also found out that there were two main forms of praise – southern and northern. The difference between them is that southern praise was secular, while northern praise was ecclesiastical; southern praise was limited to local interests, and northern praise had a world – historical scale. In general, praise can be considered as a separate chronicle of the medieval genre, characterized by special plot and stylistic features.

RULER is a pre-K–12 systemic approach to social and emotional learning (SEL) that supports educators in cultivating emotion skills and provides them with pedagogical principles and tools to help them explicitly teach social and emotional skills to students. The current study tests whether preschool-level access to RULER was associated with growth in early literacy skills using a sample of 1051 preschoolers in 95 classrooms across 19 community-based centers in a small urban northeastern US community. The Preschool Early Literacy Indicators were collected three times over an academic year by district staff. Multi-level growth modeling with inverse probability weighting revealed that children in preschools with access to RULER grew significantly more in their early literacy skills than children without access to RULER—an end-of-year difference equivalent to 0.25 standard deviations, 95% CI [0.14, 0.40]. The current study demonstrates that RULER may promote young children’s early literacy skills.

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulgarian Folklore / Bulgarski Folklor is the property of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology & Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study evaluated the utility of a ruler for reconstructed article positioning.Methods: Forty-seven patients with unilateral microtia were selected from August 2020 to September 2021.Results: The linear distance from the highest point of the reconstructed auricle to the central axis of the nose was not significantly different from the distance from the highest point of the normal contralateral auricle to the central axis of the nose (P>0.05). The distance from the lowest point of the reconstructed auricle to the central axis of the nose was not significantly different from the distance from the lowest point of the normal auricle to the central axis of the nose (P>0.05). The linear distance from the highest to the lowest point of the reconstructed auricle was not significantly different from the distance from the highest to the lowest point of the normal auricle (P>0.05). These results indicate that the reconstructed auricle was symmetrical to the contralateral ear.Conclusion: The positioning ruler evaluated in this study is simple, easy to use, accurate, and non-invasive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the chapter "Objection to Positional Power" (Nan shi 難勢) of Han Feizi 韓非子. It provides a full translation cum analysis of the text and explores systematically the chapter's structure, rhetoric, and its political message. The discussion, which contextualizes the chapter's message within broader trends of the Warring States-period political debates, demonstrates that beneath the surface of debates about "positional power" (shi 勢) versus "worth" (xian 賢), the chapter addresses one of the touchiest issues in Chinese political thought: that of the intrinsic weakness of hereditary monarchy. Furthermore, "Objection to Positional Power" also addresses problems of the meritocratic system of rule and elucidates some of the reasons for Han Fei's dislike of meritocratic discourse. By highlighting some of the chapter's intellectual gems I hope to attract further attention to the immense richness of Han Feizi as one of the most sophisticated products of China's political thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yuhkno?m Yihch'aak K'ahk' (686-697 AD) was a member of the Kaanu?l dynasty and one of the most important Maya personages of the Late Classic period. Archaeologists suggest he was buried in Tomb 4 of Calakmul, Substructure IIB. The purpose of this article is to analyze and interpret the entire offering of tomb vessels, fourteen pieces in total, their images, text, function, and arrangement. I conclude that the tomb belongs to Yuhkno?m Yihch'aak K'ahk', who was accompanied by objects from his father to commemorate and eternalize together. This research interprets the vessels as a mortuary offering, proposes a possible meaning and corroborates the identity of the owner of the tomb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Res Rhetorica is the property of Polish Rhetoric Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

“Vitae Regum Polonorum” by Klemens Janicki (Clemens Ianicius) (1516–1543) based on the Polish tradition of describing Polish rulers. This genre flourishes at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The numerous translations and paraphrases of the Ianicius’ cycle were created then, including published in 1605, “Icones of Polish princes and kings” (“Ikones książąt i królów polskich”) by Jan Głuchowski (?–1604), who, based on the various rhetorical measures, repeatedly emphasized the role of virtue in the system of ruler’s values, and also formulated its definitions. It appears in the enumeration alongside other monarch attributes, but in different configurations. It also functions in the description of the ruler’s qualities as the culmination of other values. The definitions of virtue were built by Głuchowski using comparisons where he made tendecious associations, such as identification with a jewel. The highest value also appears in apophthegm formulations. Głuchowski most often drew on the proverbs that were popular in the literature at that time, modifying them to emphasize the content.