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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), first described by Steensland in 1905, are benign, slowly enlarging, nonaggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms comprising 3%–7% of all odontogenic tumors. They tend to originate from the dental lamina remnants or the reduced enamel epithelium. Mutation at codon 12 of KRAS oncogene (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. AOTs demonstrate three clinicopathological spectrums, namely follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The extrafollicular AOTs are hypothesized to originate from a stimulus triggering the dental lamina remnants. While intraosseous follicular AOTs are fairly common (70.8%), the extrafollicular counterparts are infrequent (24%), and novel entities that may mimic other lesions due to the absence of tooth inside. Herein, we elucidate a series of five unique extrafollicular AOT cases with a relevant emphasis on its pathogenesis and clinico-radiological aspects. This report aims to add another significant record to the literature pertaining to the compilation of extrafollicular AOTs.

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), first described by Steensland in 1905, are benign, slowly enlarging, nonaggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms comprising 3%–7% of all odontogenic tumors. They tend to originate from the dental lamina remnants or the reduced enamel epithelium. Mutation at codon 12 of KRAS oncogene (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. AOTs demonstrate three clinicopathological spectrums, namely follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The extrafollicular AOTs are hypothesized to originate from a stimulus triggering the dental lamina remnants. While intraosseous follicular AOTs are fairly common (70.8%), the extrafollicular counterparts are infrequent (24%), and novel entities that may mimic other lesions due to the absence of tooth inside. Herein, we elucidate a series of five unique extrafollicular AOT cases with a relevant emphasis on its pathogenesis and clinico-radiological aspects. This report aims to add another significant record to the literature pertaining to the compilation of extrafollicular AOTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land plants grow throughout their life cycle via the continuous activity of stem cell reservoirs contained within their apical meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of Arabidopsis and other land plants responds to a variety of environmental cues, yet little is known about the response of meristems to seasonal changes in day length, or photoperiod. Here, the vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis wild-type and clavata3 (clv3) plants in different photoperiod conditions was analyzed. It was found that SAM size in wild-type Arabidopsis plants grown in long-day (LD) conditions gradually increased from embryonic to reproductive development. clv3 plants produced significantly more leaves as well as larger inflorescence meristems and more floral buds than wild-type plants in LD and short-day (SD) conditions, demonstrating that CLV3 signaling limits vegetative and inflorescence meristem activity in both photoperiods. The clv3 phenotypes were more severe in SDs, indicating a greater requirement for CLV3 restriction of SAM function when the days are short. In contrast, clv3 floral meristem size and carpel number were unchanged between LD and SD conditions, which shows that the photoperiod does not affect the regulation of floral meristem activity through the CLV3 pathway. This study reveals that CLV3 signaling specifically restricts vegetative and inflorescence meristem activity in both LD and SD photoperiods but plays a more prominent role during short days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value.

The rib is an unusual location for osteosarcoma and is reported in only 2% of all cases. The major histological variants of osteosarcoma are osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic, with a few rare variants including one epithelioid type. This report describes a 44-year-old male with an osteolytic mass in the right seventh rib. Histological examination revealed osteosarcoma with unique features of epithelioid appearance and rosette structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a rosette-forming osteosarcoma of the rib that showed epithelioid morphology. Despite successful surgery, the patient’s prognosis was poor because this malignancy had an unusual location within the axial skeleton and was a rare histological variant.

The ability of the intraerythrocytic Plasmodium spp. to form spontaneous rosettes with uninfected red blood cells (URBCs) has been observed in the medically important malaria parasites. Since the discovery of rosettes in the late 1980s, different formation mechanisms and pathobiological roles have been postulated for rosetting; most of which have focused on Plasmodium falciparum. Recent breakthroughs, including new data from Plasmodium vivax , have highlighted the multifaceted roles of rosetting in the immunopathobiology and the development of drug resistance in human malaria. Here, we provide new perspectives on the formation and the role of rosetting in malaria rheopathobiology. Plasmodium spp. can form different types of rosette. Rosettes facilitate parasite sequestration. Rosettes hamper phagocytosis of Plasmodium -infected red blood cells (IRBCs) by the host phagocytes. Rosettes protect the late-stage IRBCs against antimalarials such as artemisinin and its derivatives, as well as other classes of drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, a study looking back 35 years indicated that 90% of all aircraft losses in battle were caused by infrared (IR) guided missiles. Man portable air defense systems are a cheap and prolific resource for both state and non-state actors that enables the employment of IR guided missiles. As such, significant time is required to be invested in developing effective countermeasures to ensure a fast jet can attain and sustain air superiority in operations. This article will provide a summary of the thesis by Glover (Glover AX. Electro-optic countermeasure modelling in a fast jet environment: rosette scanning seekers with an ultraviolet guard band. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2019) that aimed to develop a myriad of IR-based countermeasure techniques. Specifically, when pseudo imaging, a rosette scan IR seeker is employed against a fast jet with an ultraviolet guard band counter-countermeasure. A series of seven trials was simulated using Chemring's CounterSim program to produce a spread of results based on the developed technique's effectiveness. Several of these trials produced outcomes with a probability of escaping hit greater than 97% across a range of altitudes. The successful techniques involve an assortment of concepts, including employment of spectral flares, aircraft maneuvering, multi-flare patterns, and the notion of masking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 13-year-old female Miniature Dachshund showed seizures and an intracranial mass was seen in the left temporal lobe. Three months after first surgical resection, a recurrence lesion was recognized. Histopathologically, proliferation of spindle cells with diffuse rosette-like eosinophilic deposits, which stained blue with Masson's trichrome stain, was observed. In electron microscopy, the rosette-like deposits were consisted of bundles of minute filaments which were assumed to be collagenous fibrils. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and cytokeratin, and negative for E-cadherin, S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2), and CD204. The rosette-like collagen deposits were positive for type 4 collagen and negative for type 1 collagen. In this report, we describe histopathological features of a canine meningioma with the rosette-like collagen deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplicity of fullerenes as assembled components provides attractive opportunities for basic understanding in self-assembly research. We applied in situ reactive methods to the self-assembly process of C60 molecules with melamine/ethylenediamine components in solution, resulting in a novel type of fullerene assemblies, micron-sized two-dimensional, amorphous shape-regular objects, fullerene rosettes. ATR–FTIR spectra, XPS, and TGA results suggest that the melamine/ethylenediamine components strongly interact and/or are covalently linked with fullerenes in the fullerene rosettes. The broad peak for layer spacing in the XRD patterns of the fullerene rosettes corresponds roughly to the interdigitated fullerene bilayer or monolayer of modified fullerene molecules. The fullerene rosettes are made from the accumulation of bilayer/monolayer assemblies of hybridized fullerenes in low crystallinity. Prototype sensor systems were fabricated upon immobilization of the fullerene rosettes onto surfaces of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and selective sensing of formic acid was demonstrated as preliminary results for social-demanded toxic material sensing. The QCM sensor with fullerene rosette is categorized as one of the large-response sensors among reported examples. In selectivity to formic acids against basic guests (formic acid/pyridine >30) or aromatic guests (formic acid/toluene >110), the fullerene rosette-based QCM sensor also showed superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the in vivo structural characteristics of multifocal and geographic retinal dysplasia visualized with advanced retinal imaging including confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and the novel vascular imaging technique OCT angiography (OCTA). Dogs studied and procedures: Two dogs were diagnosed with unilateral multifocal or geographic retinal dysplasia and underwent advanced retinal imaging under general anesthesia at the Retinal Disease Studies Facility of the University of Pennsylvania. Results: In both cases, the morphological pattern of the lesions was similar including outer retinal folds that invaginated and formed tubular retinal rosettes, surrounding a central inner retinal thickening (multifocal) or plaque (geographic). The two dogs had multiple vascular anomalies in the lesions such as increased tortuosity, abnormal change of vessel diameter including aneurysms and capillary network disruption. We also identified increased autofluorescence by AF cSLO with short wavelength light source (488 nm and barrier filter at 500 nm), and several areas of photoreceptor loss associated with the lesions. Conclusion: The use of OCTA allowed the identification of microvascular abnormalities associated with multifocal and geographic retinal dysplasia in two dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the dye‐free OCTA technique is used to study vascular lesions in canine retinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Too often crop production is facing with different intensity of cold damage. In some years the damage is severe and has a large social and economic consequence. Therefore, selection and introduction of cold tolerant cultivars is very effective in reducing cold damage and increasing crop production. Frequently, in winter safflower yield trails in Isfahan province, depending on the intensity of winter cold, different degrees of damage are observed. Cold tolerance study of safflower was conducted in Isfahan province in central Iran during 2007-2008. In this experiment, 20 safflower genotypes were compared in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The effect of genotype on the survival rate, the length of the rosette and ripening period, and their corresponding GDD, plant height, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, and oil content was significant at the 1% probability level. The correlation coefficients between the survival rate with seed yield, length of the rosette period, and corresponding GDD were positive and significant. The correlation coefficient between the survival rates with 1000 seed weight was negative and significant. Covariance analysis showed that Parnian and KW4 had the highest and lowest seed yield with 79 and 7.9% winter survival, respectively. According to the results, genotypes with a longer rosette period such as Parnian,Varamin 295 and Zarghan 279 showed more tolerance to cold damage.

Cellular proliferation is vital for tissue development, including the Left-Right Organizer (LRO), a transient organ critical for establishing the vertebrate LR body plan. This study investigates cell redistribution and the role of specific progenitor cells in LRO formation, focusing on cell lineage and behavior. Using zebrafish as a model, we mapped all mitotic events in Kupffer's Vesicle (KV), revealing an FGF-dependent, anteriorly enriched mitotic pattern. With a KV-specific fluorescent microtubule (MT) line, we observed that mitotic spindles align along the KV's longest axis until the rosette stage, spindles that form after spin, and are excluded from KV. Early aligned spindles assemble cytokinetic bridges that point MT bundles toward a tight junction where a rosette will initially form. Post-abscission, repurposed MT bundles remain targeted at the rosette center, facilitating actin recruitment. Additional cells, both cytokinetic and non-cytokinetic, are incorporated into the rosette, repurposing or assembling MT bundles before actin recruitment. These findings show that initial divisions are crucial for rosette assembly, MT patterning, and actin remodeling during KV development., Competing Interests: Disclosure and competing interest statement The authors declare no competing interests.

The steroid hormone aldosterone, produced by the zona glomerulosa (zG) of the adrenal gland, is a master regulator of plasma electrolytes and blood pressure. While aldosterone control by the renin-angiotensin system is well understood, other key regulatory factors have remained elusive. Here, we replicated a prior association between a non-coding variant in WNT2B and an increased risk of primary aldosteronism, a prevalent and debilitating disease caused by excessive aldosterone production. We further show that in both mice and humans, WNT2B is expressed in the mesenchymal capsule surrounding the adrenal cortex, in close proximity to the zG. Global loss of Wnt2b in the mouse results in a dysmorphic and hypocellular zG, with impaired aldosterone production. Similarly, humans harboring WNT2B loss-of-function mutations develop a novel form of Familial Hyperreninemic Hypoaldosteronism, designated here as Type 4. Additionally, we demonstrate that WNT2B signals by activating the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Our findings identify WNT2B as a key regulator of zG function and aldosterone production with important clinical implications.

Plasmodium knowlesi is responsible for zoonotic malaria infections that are potentially fatal. While the severe pathology of falciparum malaria is associated with cytoadherence phenomena by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IRBC), information regarding cytoadherence properties of P. knowlesi-IRBC remained scarce. Here, we characterized the cytoadherence properties of RBC infected with the laboratory-adapted P. knowlesi A1-H.1 strain. We found that late-stage IRBC formed rosettes in a human serum-dependent manner, and rosettes hampered IRBC phagocytosis. IRBC did not adhere much to unexposed (unstimulated) human endothelial cell lines derived from the brain (hCMEC/D3), lungs (HPMEC), and kidneys (HRGEC). However, after being “primed” with P. knowlesi culture supernatant, the IRBC-endothelial cytoadherence rate increased in HPMEC and HRGEC, but not in hCMEC/D3 cells. Both endothelial cytoadherence and rosetting phenomena were abrogated by treatment of P. knowlesi-IRBC with trypsin. We also found that different receptors were involved in IRBC cytoadherence to different types of endothelial cells. Although some of the host receptors were shared by both P. falciparum- and P. knowlesi-IRBC, the availability of glycoconjugates on the receptors might influence the capacity of P. knowlesi-IRBC to cytoadhere to these receptors.

Plasmodium knowlesi is responsible for zoonotic malaria infections that are potentially fatal. While the severe pathology of falciparum malaria is associated with cytoadherence phenomena by Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes (IRBC), information regarding cytoadherence properties of P. knowlesi -IRBC remained scarce. Here, we characterized the cytoadherence properties of RBC infected with the laboratory-adapted P. knowlesi A1-H.1 strain. We found that late-stage IRBC formed rosettes in a human serum-dependent manner, and rosettes hampered IRBC phagocytosis. IRBC did not adhere much to unexposed (unstimulated) human endothelial cell lines derived from the brain (hCMEC/D3), lungs (HPMEC), and kidneys (HRGEC). However, after being "primed" with P. knowlesi culture supernatant, the IRBC-endothelial cytoadherence rate increased in HPMEC and HRGEC, but not in hCMEC/D3 cells. Both endothelial cytoadherence and rosetting phenomena were abrogated by treatment of P. knowlesi -IRBC with trypsin. We also found that different receptors were involved in IRBC cytoadherence to different types of endothelial cells. Although some of the host receptors were shared by both P. falciparum- and P. knowlesi- IRBC, the availability of glycoconjugates on the receptors might influence the capacity of P. knowlesi -IRBC to cytoadhere to these receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The size and organization of the brain are determined by the activity of progenitor cells early in development. Key mechanisms regulating progenitor cell biology involve miRNAs. These small noncoding RNA molecules bind mRNAs with high specificity, controlling their abundance and expression. The role of miRNAs in brain development has been studied extensively, but their involvement at early stages remained unknown until recently. Here, recent findings showing the important role of miRNAs in the earliest phases of brain development are reviewed, and it is discussed how loss of specific miRNAs leads to pathological conditions, particularly adult and pediatric brain tumors. Let‐7 miRNA downregulation and the initiation of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), a novel link recently discovered by the laboratory, are focused upon. Finally, it is discussed how miRNAs may be used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of pediatric brain tumors, with the hope of improving the prognosis of these devastating diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apicomplexan parasites are unicellular eukaryotes that invade the cells in which they proliferate. The development of genetic tools in Toxoplasma , and then in Plasmodium , in the 1990s allowed the first description of the molecular machinery used for motility and invasion, revealing a crucial role for two different secretory organelles, micronemes and rhoptries. Rhoptry proteins are injected directly into the host cytoplasm not only to promote invasion but also to manipulate host functions. Nonetheless, the injection machinery has remained mysterious, a major conundrum in the field. Here we review recent progress in uncovering structural components and proteins implicated in rhoptry exocytosis and explain how revisiting early findings and considering the evolutionary origins of Apicomplexa contributed to some of these discoveries. Rhoptries are connected to an apical vesicle which is docked to the plasma membrane (PM) and extends to a rosette of PM-embedded intramembranous particles via electron-dense connecting material. Rhoptry secretion thus involves multiple membrane-fusion events. The rosette is essential for rhoptry secretion but is dispensable for microneme exocytosis. Rosette formation and rhoptry exocytosis require conserved proteins that are restricted to the Alveolata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the spectroscopic assessment of brain disorders that require large‐volume coverage, the requirements of RF performance and field homogeneity are high. For epilepsy, this is also challenging given the inter‐patient variation in location, severity and subtlety of anatomical identification and its tendency to involve the temporal region. We apply a targeted method to examine the utility of large‐volume MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in surgical epilepsy patients, implementing a two‐step acquisition, comprised of a 3D acquisition to cover the fronto‐parietal regions, and a contiguous parallel two‐slice Hadamard‐encoded acquisition to cover the temporal‐occipital region, both with TR/TE = 2000/40 ms and matched acquisition times. With restricted (static, first/second‐order) B0 shimming in their respective regions, the Cramér‐Rao lower bounds for creatine from the temporal lobe two‐slice Hadamard and frontal‐parietal 3D acquisition are 8.1 ± 2.2% and 6.3 ± 1.9% respectively. The datasets are combined to provide a total 60 mm axial coverage over the frontal, parietal and superior temporal to middle temporal‐occipital regions. We applied these acquisitions at a nominal 400 mm3 voxel resolution in n = 27 pre‐surgical epilepsy patients and n = 20 controls. In controls, 86.6 ± 3.2% voxels with at least 50% tissue (white + gray matter, excluding CSF) survived spectral quality inclusion criteria. Since all patients were clinically followed for at least 1 year after surgery, seizure frequency outcome was available for all. The MRSI measurements of the total fractional metabolic dysfunction (characterized by the Cr/NAA metric) in FreeSurfer MRI gray matter segmented regions, in the patients compared with the controls, exhibited a significant Spearman correlation with post‐surgical outcome. This finding suggests that a larger burden of metabolic dysfunction is seen in patients with poorer post‐surgical seizure control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldosterone excess is a pathogenic factor in many hypertensive disorders. The discovery of numerous somatic and germline mutations in ion channels in primary hyperaldosteronism underscores the importance of plasma membrane conductances in determining the activation state of zona glomerulosa (zG) cells. Electrophysiological recordings describe an electrically quiescent behavior for dispersed zG cells. Yet, emerging data indicate that in native rosette structures in situ, zG cells are electrically excitable, generating slow periodic voltage spikes and coordinated bursts of Ca2+ oscillations. We revisit data to understand how a multitude of conductances may underlie voltage/Ca2+ oscillations, recognizing that zG layer self-renewal and cell heterogeneity may complicate this task. We review recent data to understand rosette architecture and apply maxims derived from computational network modeling to understand rosette function. The challenge going forward is to uncover how the rosette orchestrates the behavior of a functional network of conditional oscillators to control zG layer performance and aldosterone secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid intermediate in the sphingolipid metabolism, which exist in two pools, intracellular and extracellular, and each pool has a different function. The circulating extracellular pool, specifically the plasma S1P is shown to be important in regulating various physiological processes related to malaria pathogenesis in recent years. Although blood cells (red blood cells and platelets), vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes are considered as the important sources of plasma S1P, their extent of contribution is still debated. The red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets serve as a major repository of intracellular S1P due to lack, or low activity of S1P degrading enzymes, however, contribution of platelets toward maintaining plasma S1P is shown negligible under normal condition. Substantial evidences suggest platelets loss during falciparum infection as a contributing factor for severe malaria. However, platelets function as a source for plasma S1P in malaria needs to be examined experimentally. RBC being the preferential site for parasite seclusion, and having the ability of trans-cellular S1P transportation to EC upon tight cell-cell contact, might play critical role in differential S1P distribution and parasite growth. In the present review, we have summarized the significance of both the S1P pools in the context of malaria, and how the RBC content of S1P can be channelized in better ways for its possible implication in therapeutic opportunities to control malaria.

In malaria, rosetting is described as a phenomenon where an infected erythrocyte (IRBC) is attached to uninfected erythrocytes (URBC). In some studies, rosetting has been associated with malaria pathogenesis. Here, we have identified a new type of rosetting. Using a step-by-step approach, we identified IGFBP7, a protein secreted by monocytes in response to parasite stimulation, as a rosette-stimulator for Plasmodium falciparum- and P. vivax-IRBC. IGFBP7-mediated rosette-stimulation was rapid yet reversible. Unlike type I rosetting that involves direct interaction of rosetting ligands on IRBC and receptors on URBC, the IGFBP7-mediated, type II rosetting requires two additional serum factors, namely von Willebrand factor and thrombospondin-1. These two factors interact with IGFBP7 to mediate rosette formation by the IRBC. Importantly, the IGFBP7-induced type II rosetting hampers phagocytosis of IRBC by host phagocytes.

Visual leopard identifications performed with camera traps using the capture–recapture method only consider areas of the skin that are visible to the equipment. The method presented here considered the spot or rosette formations of either the two flanks or the face, and the captured images were then compared and matched with available photographs. Leopards were classified as new individuals if no matches were found in the existing set of photos. It was previously assumed that an individual leopard’s spot or rosette pattern would not change. We established that the spot and rosette patterns change over time and that these changes are the result of injuries in certain cases. When compared to the original patterns, the number of spots may be lost or reduced, and some spots or patterns may change in terms of their prominence, shape, and size. We called these changes “obliterate changes” and “rejig changes”, respectively. The implementation of an earlier method resulted in a duplication of leopard counts, achieving an error rate of more than 15% in the population at Yala National Park. The same leopard could be misidentified and counted multiple times, causing overestimated populations. To address this issue, we created a new two-step methodology for identifying Sri Lankan leopards. The multi-point identification method requires the evaluation of at least 9–10 spot areas before a leopard can be identified. Moreover, the minimum leopard population at the YNP 1 comprises at least 77 leopards and has a density of 0.5461 leopards per km2.

Too often crop production is facing with different intensity of cold damage. In some years the damage is severe and has a large social and economic consequence. Therefore, selection and introduction of cold tolerant cultivars is very effective in reducing cold damage and increasing crop production. Frequently, in winter safflower yield trails in Isfahan province, depending on the intensity of winter cold, different degrees of damage are observed. Cold tolerance study of safflower was conducted in Isfahan province in central Iran during 2007-2008. In this experiment, 20 safflower genotypes were compared in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The effect of genotype on the survival rate, the length of the rosette and ripening period, and their corresponding GDD, plant height, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, and oil content was significant at the 1% probability level. The correlation coefficients between the survival rate with seed yield, length of the rosette period, and corresponding GDD were positive and significant. The correlation coefficient between the survival rates with 1000 seed weight was negative and significant. Covariance analysis showed that Parnian and KW4 had the highest and lowest seed yield with 79 and 7.9% winter survival, respectively. According to the results, genotypes with a longer rosette period such as Parnian, Varamin 295 and Zarghan 279 showed more tolerance to cold damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantitative T2 * MRI is the standard of care for the assessment of iron overload. However, patient motion corrupts T2 * estimates.Purpose: To develop and evaluate a motion-robust, simultaneous cardiac and liver T2 * imaging approach using non-Cartesian, rosette sampling and a model-based reconstruction as compared to clinical-standard Cartesian MRI.Study Type: Prospective.Phantom/population: Six ferumoxytol-containing phantoms (26-288 μg/mL). Eight healthy subjects and 18 patients referred for clinically indicated iron overload assessment.Field Strength/sequence: 1.5T, 2D Cartesian and rosette gradient echo (GRE) ASSESSMENT: GRE T2 * values were validated in ferumoxytol phantoms. In healthy subjects, test-retest and spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) analysis was performed during three breathing conditions. Cartesian and rosette T2 * were compared using correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Images were rated by three experienced radiologists on a 5-point scale.Statistical Tests: Linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired Student's t-testing were used to compare reproducibility and variability metrics in Cartesian and rosette scans. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess reader score comparisons and reader reliability was measured using intraclass correlation analysis.Results: Rosette R2* (1/T2 *) was linearly correlated with ferumoxytol concentration (r2 = 1.00) and not significantly different than Cartesian values (P = 0.16). During breath-holding, ungated rosette liver and heart T2 * had lower spatial CoV (liver: 18.4 ± 9.3% Cartesian, 8.8% ± 3.4% rosette, P = 0.02, heart: 37.7% ± 14.3% Cartesian, 13.4% ± 1.7% rosette, P = 0.001) and higher-quality scores (liver: 3.3 [3.0-3.6] Cartesian, 4.7 [4.1-4.9] rosette, P = 0.005, heart: 3.0 [2.3-3] Cartesian, 4.5 [3.8-5.0] rosette, P = 0.005) compared to Cartesian values. During free-breathing and failed breath-holding, Cartesian images had very poor to average image quality with significant artifacts, whereas rosette remained very good, with minimal artifacts (P = 0.001).Data Conclusion: Rosette k-sampling with a model-based reconstruction offers a clinically useful motion-robust T2 * mapping approach for iron quantification. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1688-1698. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At gastrulation, a subpopulation of epiblast cells constitutes a transient posteriorly located structure called the primitive streak, where cells that undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition make up the mesoderm and endoderm lineages. Mouse embryo epiblast cells were labelled ubiquitously or in a mosaic fashion. Cell shape, packing, organization and division were recorded through live imaging during primitive streak formation. Posterior epiblast displays a higher frequency of rosettes, some of which associate with a central cell undergoing mitosis. Cells at the primitive streak, in particular delaminating cells, undergo mitosis more frequently than other epiblast cells. In pseudostratified epithelia, mitosis takes place at the apical side of the epithelium. However, mitosis is not restricted to the apical side of the epiblast, particularly on its posterior side. Non‐apical mitosis occurs specifically in the streak even when ectopically located. Posterior non‐apical mitosis results in one or two daughter cells leaving the epiblast layer. Cell rearrangement associated with mitotic cell rounding in posterior epiblast, in particular when non‐apical, might thus facilitate cell ingression and transition to a mesenchymal phenotype. Synopsis: In mouse embryo gastrulation, posterior epiblast cells rearrange in the shape of rosettes before the onset of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition at the primitive streak. Primitive streak cells display a higher frequency of mitosis; mitotic rounding is not limited to the apical side of the cell, and non‐apical mitosis favors asymmetric division giving rise to mesoderm cells, suggesting a role for cell cycle in cell delamination. Epithelial rearrangement in the shape of rosettes is associated with primitive streak morphogenesis during mouse gastrulation.Mitosis frequency is higher in the primitive streak region of the embryo.Non‐apical mitosis is more frequent in the area were cells are undergoing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.Posterior non‐apical mitosis results in extrusion of one or two mesoderm daughter cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that the Palomero Toluqueño corn race contributed to the origin of other races and despite having the capacity to burst, this quality has not been enhanced. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the yield and expansion capacity of accessions of this race kept in germplasm banks. 47 accessions of Palomero Toluqueño were evaluated, three materials in the process of genetic improvement for trapping and a commercial material as a reference. The experiments were established in a randomized complete block design with two repetitions in the spring-summer 2014 agricultural cycle in Montecillo, State of Mexico and Santa Maria Zacatepec, Puebla. The variables evaluated were grain yield, expansion volume, percentage of grains without popping, rosette shape, pericarp spray and volume of popcorn per hectare. The general average yield was 3.38 t ha-1 and the volume of popcorn per hectare was 8.86 m3 ha-1, while the volume of expansion per sample, percentage of unpopped grains and the pulverized pericarp had averages of 2.73 cm³ g-1, 67.59% and 3.2 (visual scale 1-5), respectively; in contrast, the commercial control, for the same variables, showed values of 19.33 cm³ g-1, 27.49% and 1.6. Only the butterfly rosette shape was featured. The results indicate that the Palomero Toluqueño race has a low expansion capacity in relation to the commercial material; however, its grain yield exceeded the national average. The variables evaluated demonstrate the diversity that exists within the race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid intermediate in the sphingolipid metabolism, which exist in two pools, intracellular and extracellular, and each pool has a different function. The circulating extracellular pool, specifically the plasma S1P is shown to be important in regulating various physiological processes related to malaria pathogenesis in recent years. Although blood cells (red blood cells and platelets), vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes are considered as the important sources of plasma S1P, their extent of contribution is still debated. The red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets serve as a major repository of intracellular S1P due to lack, or low activity of S1P degrading enzymes, however, contribution of platelets toward maintaining plasma S1P is shown negligible under normal condition. Substantial evidences suggest platelets loss during falciparum infection as a contributing factor for severe malaria. However, platelets function as a source for plasma S1P in malaria needs to be examined experimentally. RBC being the preferential site for parasite seclusion, and having the ability of trans-cellular S1P transportation to EC upon tight cell-cell contact, might play critical role in differential S1P distribution and parasite growth. In the present review, we have summarized the significance of both the S1P pools in the context of malaria, and how the RBC content of S1P can be channelized in better ways for its possible implication in therapeutic opportunities to control malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of its unequal beauty and mathematical sophistication, Islamic art has received a great attention from several scientists. Hence, several works have been done to investigate its mathematical structure, and to discover its principle of construction. Up to now, no method of constructing new self-similar patterns were proposed. In this paper, we will present a method for constructing new self-similar patterns. The proposed method is based on successive subdivisions of the golden mean triangles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the isoperimetric-type equalities for rosettes, i.e. regular closed planar curves with nonvanishing curvature. We find the exact relations between the length and the oriented area of rosettes based on the oriented areas of the Wigner caustic, the Constant Width Measure Set and the Spherical Measure Set. We also study and find new results about the geometry of affine equidistants of rosettes and of the union of rosettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a case of WHO grade I transitional meningioma with rosettes in a 68‐year‐old woman. The rosettes were composed of meningothelial cells arranged around dense collagenous cores. Even though the presence of rosettes in tumors of the brain and spinal cord is an indication of neuronal or ependymal differentiation, they are also known to occur in tumors of other lineages. Rosette is an uncommon morphological pattern in meningiomas, with only few cases reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Struthiopteris (Blechnaceae) has recently been classified on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence, and some of its species are now included in the sister genus Spicantopsis. However, the lack of studies on several important morphological features impedes a sound assessment of their congruence with this new systematic arrangement, as well as of their range of variation and taxonomic value in this group of ferns. Here we present a study on the spores and sporangia using both light and scanning electron microscopy in Struthiopteris and Spicantopsis, using samples of all their species, and almost all their varieties. We provide full morphological descriptions of the spores and sporangia of all these taxa. We point out that the perispore structure and ornamentation and the number and the thickness of stomium cells in the sporangium clearly distinguish both genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2016 updated World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System shows an increasing number of entities under the classification of neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors. Despite being a biogenetically heterogeneous group of tumors, the members frequently display some overlapping histological and clinical features, leading to diagnostic dilemmas among neuropathologists, especially when the aid of advanced molecular and immunohistochemical tools is not available. Nonetheless, meticulous assessment of the morphological features with careful interpretation of the immunophenotypes can be rewarding often without the investment of an expensive molecular investigation. We propose a method of approaching the neuronal-glial tumors based on pattern recognition. We briefly discuss the key histological features that are helpful in narrowing down the differentials, with the aid of immunohistochemistry or available molecular information, directing the pathologist toward the correct diagnosis.

The article deals with a group of late medieval decorative stove tiles discovered in Cluj-Napoca. A considerable part of the revealed materials at the site at the Unitarian Episcopal House bears a rich Renaissance floral ornament, an Italian garland, which surrounds a rosette of varied forms. These ornamental fragments were categorized into six different types, and dated to the second half – the end of the 16th century. Related to the material, the alike motives on stove tiles are discussed from Transylvania and Hungary with some examples from western Europe too.

Reports of canine ependymoma are generally restricted to single case reports with tumor incidence estimated at 2% to 3% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. While most commonly reported in the lateral ventricle, tumors can occur anywhere in the ventricular system and in extraventricular locations. Rosettes and pseudorosettes are a common histologic feature; however, these features can be mimicked by other CNS neoplasms. Thirty-seven potential ependymoma cases were identified in a retrospective database search of 8 institutions, and a histologic review of all cases was conducted. Of 37 cases, 22 candidate cases were further subjected to a consensus histologic and immunohistochemical review, and only 5 of 37 (13.5%) were conclusively identified as ependymoma. The neuroanatomic locations were the lateral ventricle (3/5), third ventricle (1/5), and mesencephalic aqueduct (1/5). Subtypes were papillary (4/5) and tanycytic (1/5). Histologic features included rosettes (5/5), pseudorosettes (5/5), ependymal canals (2/5), tanycytic differentiation (1/5), blepharoplasts (1/5), ciliated cells (1/5), and high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (5/5). Immunolabeling for GFAP (4/4) and CKAE1/3 (3/4) was found in pseudorosettes, rosettes, and scattered individual neoplastic cells. Diffuse but variably intense cytoplasmic S100 immunolabeling was detected in 3 of 4 cases. Olig2 intranuclear immunolabeling was observed in less than 1% of the neoplastic cells (3/3). Tumors that had pseudorosettes and mimicked ependymoma included oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus tumor, pituitary corticotroph adenoma, papillary meningioma, and suprasellar germ cell tumor. These findings indicate that canine ependymoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with histomorphologic features that overlap with other primary CNS neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of different planting seasons and gibberellic acid treatments on the growth and development of Gypsophila paniculata to explore new approaches to controlling the flowering period. Four different cultivars were selected and continually planted in July, September, and November in the low-latitude and highaltitude region of Kunming, China (258 N, 1028 E). Results showed that the vegetative growth and flowering time of Gypsophila paniculata were prolonged and postponed when the planting time was delayed. Specifically, 'My Pink' showed 20% and 80% rosette rates when grown in autumn and winter, respectively, thus indicating that Gypsophila paniculata is sensitive to planting time. Moreover, GA3 treatment not only can significantly promote vegetative growth but also can stimulate early flowering and suppress the occurrence of rosettes during winter. This is more specific to 'My Pink', which showed 40% and 80% reductions in rosette rates with four and eight GA3 treatment applications, respectively. Our study showed that seasonal variations in the growth and development of Gypsophila paniculata and GA3 treatment can effectively stimulate early flowering and suppress rosettes during winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) activates the DNA damage response (DDR) and inhibits the cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana through the transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1. The aim of this study was to investigate which individual leaf best reflects the Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in rosettes, enabling a more profound interpretation of the rosette data since detailed information, provided by the individual leaf responses, is lost when studying the whole rosette. Wild-type A. thaliana plants were cultivated in hydroponics and exposed to different Cd concentrations. Studied individual leaves were leaf 1 and 2, which emerged before Cd exposure, and leaf 3, which emerged upon Cd exposure. The DDR and cell cycle regulation were studied in rosettes as well as individual leaves after several days of Cd exposure. Varying concentration-dependent response patterns were observed between the entire rosette and individual leaves. Gene expression of selected DDR and cell cycle regulators showed higher similarity in their response between the rosette and the individual leaf emerged during Cd exposure than between both individual leaves. The same pattern was observed for plant growth and cell cycle-related parameters. We conclude that Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in the leaf that emerged during Cd exposure, resemble those observed in the rosette the most, which contributes to the interpretation of the rosette data in the framework of plant development and after exposure to Cd. • Cadmium-induced responses are compared between individual leaves and rosettes. • Data integration via association analysis of all studied parameters is presented in a globe. • Rosette responses are mainly associated to leaves emerging during cadmium exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]