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The level of digitalization and automation, including robotic systems, is increasing in modern operating theaters. However, the integration of such systems within an already complex and limited environment creates challenges, such as collaboration with dynamic robots and thus potential collisions. Yet, the placements of robotic systems largely rely on empirical guidelines provided by manufacturers, which do not account for the specific requirements of operating theater layouts or individual surgical procedures. In this work, we propose a framework for optimization of robotic set-ups in the operating theater to address these limitations and to enhance the overall workflow efficiency. By utilizing a simulation-based approach, we aim to determine the optimal placement of each surgical equipment within the constrained operating theater environment. In this study, we set the stage for future efforts and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by determining the optimal placement of a LBR iiwa 7 R800 as a surgical assistant for an abdominal surgery. Overall this work lays the groundwork for future research that will accommodate more complex scenarios and is a crucial first step towards a holistic workflow optimization in the operating theater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical assistive robotics are oriented to support and improve functional capacities of people. In physical rehabilitation, robots are indeed useful for functional recovery of affected limb. However, there are still open questions related to technological aspects. This work presents a systematic review of upper limb rehabilitation robotics in order to analyze and establish technological challenges and future directions in this area. A bibliometric analysis was performed for the systematic literature review. Literature from the last six years, conducted between August 2020 and May 2021, was reviewed. The methodology for the literature search and a bibliometric analysis of the metadata are presented. After a preliminary search resulted in 820 articles, a total of 66 articles were included. A concurrency network and bibliographic analysis were provided. And an analysis of occurrences, taxonomy, and rehabilitation robotics reported in the literature is presented. This review aims to provide to the scientific community an overview of the state of the art in assistive robotics for upper limb physical rehabilitation. The literature analysis allows access to a gap of unexplored options to define the technological prospects applied to upper limb physical rehabilitation robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Robotics uptake in the aerospace industry is low, mainly due to the low-volume/high-accuracy production that aerospace manufacturers require. Furthermore, aerospace manufacturing and assembly sites are often unstructured environments not specifically suitable for robots to operate in. Methods: This paper introduces a robotic visual inspection system using off-the-shelf components able to inspect the mounting holes for wing slat actuators without the need for fixed-coordinate programming; the part just needs to be left within reach of the robot. Our system sets one of the opposed pairs of mounting holes as a reference (the "datum") and then compares the tilt of all other pairs of mounting holes with respect to it. Under the assumption that any deviation in the mounting hole tilt is not systematic but due to normal manufacturing tolerances, our system will either guarantee the correct alignment of all mounting holes or highlight the existence of misaligned holes. Results and Discussion: Computer-vision tilt measurements are performed with an error of below 0.03° using custom optimization for the sub-pixel determination of the center and radius of the mounting holes. The error introduced by the robot's motion from the datum to each of the remaining hole pairs is compensated by moving back to the datum and fixing the orientation again before moving to inspect the next hole pair. This error is estimated to be approximately 0.05°, taking the total tilt error estimation for any mounting hole pair to be 0.08° with respect to the datum. This is confirmed by manually measuring the tilt of the hole pairs using a clock gauge on a calibrated table (not used during normal operation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has been integrated into clinical practice to overcome several limitations of conventional open or laparoscopic surgery. After the expiration of the long key patent period of Intuitive Surgical, various robotic systems (RSs) have been developed aiming at improving certain characteristics of the first robotic platform, the Da Vinci RS. This narrative review provides an overview of the current RSs used in urology along with the initial results from their application in urologic procedures. Nine robotic platforms are being analyzed regarding their unique characteristics as well as their efficacy, safety, feasibility, and outcomes in urologic, oncological, or non-oncological operations. The main barrier to the wide application of RAS has been the increased cost that refers to both acquisition and maintenance costs. Besides, the health inequality resulting from the lack of expert robotic surgeons and the difficulty of performing robot-assisted procedures in provincial hospitals should be overcome. However, large properly designed comparative studies are required to establish the role of newly introduced RSs. In addition, urologists should keep abreast of new developments and research in robot-assisted urologic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper describes a synthesis technique that constrains a spatial serial chain into a single degree-of-freedom mechanism using planar six-bar function generators. The synthesis process begins by specifying the target motion of a serial chain that is parameterized by time. The goal is to create a mechanism with a constant velocity rotary input that will achieve that motion. To do this we solve the inverse kinematics equations to find functions of each serial joint angle with respect to time. Since a constant velocity input is desired, time is proportional to the angle of the input link, and each serial joint angle can be expressed as functions of the input angle. This poses a separate function generator problem to control each joint of the serial chain. Function generators are linkages that coordinate their input and output angles. Each function is synthesized using a technique that finds 11 position Stephenson II linkages, which are then packaged onto the serial chain. Using pulleys and the scaling capabilities of function generating linkages, the final device can be packaged compactly. We describe this synthesis procedure through the design of a biomimetic device for reproducing a flapping wing motion.

Abstract Physical assistive robotics are oriented to support and improve functional capacities of people. In physical rehabilitation, robots are indeed useful for functional recovery of affected limb. However, there are still open questions related to technological aspects. This work presents a systematic review of upper limb rehabilitation robotics in order to analyze and establish technological challenges and future directions in this area. A bibliometric analysis was performed for the systematic literature review. Literature from the last six years, conducted between August 2020 and May 2021, was reviewed. The methodology for the literature search and a bibliometric analysis of the metadata are presented. After a preliminary search resulted in 820 articles, a total of 66 articles were included. A concurrency network and bibliographic analysis were provided. And an analysis of occurrences, taxonomy, and rehabilitation robotics reported in the literature is presented. This review aims to provide to the scientific community an overview of the state of the art in assistive robotics for upper limb physical rehabilitation. The literature analysis allows access to a gap of unexplored options to define the technological prospects applied to upper limb physical rehabilitation robotics.

Purpose: To evaluate Hugo RAS against the Da Vinci system for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) in prostate cancer treatment. Methods: We compared outcomes of 150 patients with prostate cancer undergoing RARP with either Hugo or Da Vinci systems. Our analysis included operative, postoperative, pathological, and functional outcomes. Results: Both groups had 75 patients. Baseline characteristics and tumor features were similar. Intraoperatively, Da Vinci had a shorter docking time (10.45 vs. 18.62 min, p = 0.02), but total operative times were comparable (145.34 vs 138.95, p = 0.85). Hugo outperformed in neck dissection and lymphadenectomy times (22 vs 13.67 min, p = 0.027 and 37.82 vs 45.77 min, p = 0.025). Postoperative metrics like stay duration, catheter time, and complications showed no significant difference. Functional results, using IPSS and IIEF5, were similar between systems. Six Da Vinci patients (8%) and nine Hugo patients (12%) experienced social incontinence (p = 0.072). Pathological outcomes like T stage, Gleason Score, and nodes removed were alike. However, Hugo had more positive surgical margins (20% vs. 10.67%, p = 0.034). Conclusions: RARP outcomes using Hugo RAS were similar to the Da Vinci system in our study. More research and extended follow-up are required to ascertain long-term oncological and functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the possibilities of using modern technologies in the tactical and specialised training of police officers under martial law. Martial law creates emergency situations when police officers have to work in conditions of increased danger and instability. In such circumstances, the use of modern technologies in tactical and specialised training of police officers becomes extremely important in order to ensure their safety, efficiency and success in performing their tasks. The article outlines the benefits of using technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, unmanned aerial vehicles, robotic systems and artificial intelligence. Thus, the main areas of application of modern technologies in the tactical and special training of police officers are: the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers; the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor and obtain information about the situation on the ground without risking the lives of police officers; the use of robotic systems to perform dangerous or difficult tasks, in particular tasks of search and rescue; the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers; the use of virtual reality and augmented reality to develop practical skills, in particular for training in combat operations, which ensures more effective training of police officers. It is noted that the use of modern technologies can increase the effectiveness of police training, reduce the risk to their lives and improve the safety of citizens. The author concludes that the use of modern technologies is an integral part of the tactical and specialised training of police officers under martial law. Technology helps police officers to effectively counter threats, provide security and be successful in their work. The development and improvement of these technologies is an important area for improving the effectiveness of police work under martial law. The introduction of modern technologies in tactical and specialised training of police officers is an important task that will increase the effectiveness of police activities under martial law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach to developing fully automated intelligent control systems for use within production-based organizations, with a specific focus on advancing research into intelligent production systems. This analysis underscores a prevailing deficiency in control operations preceding assembly, where single-purpose control machines are commonly utilized, thus presenting inherent limitations. Conversely, while accurate multipurpose measurement centers exist, they often fail to deliver comprehensive quality control for manufactured parts due to cost and time constraints associated with the measuring process. The primary aim in this study was to develop an intelligent modular control system capable of overseeing the production of diverse components effectively. The modular intelligent control system is designed to meticulously monitor the quality of each module during the pre-assembly phase. By integrating sophisticated sensors, diagnostic tools, and intelligent control mechanisms, this system ensures precise control over module production processes. It facilitates the monitoring of multiple parameters and critical quality features, while integrated sensors and diagnostic methods promptly identify discrepancies and inaccuracies, enabling the swift diagnosis of issues within specific modules. The system's intelligent control algorithms optimize production processes and ensure synchronization among individual modules, thereby ensuring consistent quality and performance. Notably, the implementation of this solution reduces inspection time by an average of 40 to 60% compared to manual inspection methods. Moreover, the system enables the comprehensive archiving of measurement data, eliminating the substantial error rates introduced by human involvement in the inspection process. Furthermore, the system enhances overall project efficiency, predictability, and safety, while allowing for rapid adjustments in order to meet standards and requirements. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in intelligent control systems for use in production organizations, offering substantial benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeding remains a critical component in rabbit farming. In rabbit production, precise feeding is imperative, given its significant role in augmenting feed efficiency, curtailing farming expenses, reducing disease prevalence and mortality rates, and lessening environmental pollution. This study presents the design and development of a rabbit feeding robot that synergises mobile robotics and mechanical arm technology, aiming for exact feed dispensation within rabbit hutches through a mechanism that precisely quantifies feed volume. The robot developed for this purpose notably minimises feed fragmentation and mitigates stress responses in rabbits, thus facilitating unsupervised, precise feeding tailored to varied dietary needs. Experimental outcomes, garnered within a rabbit hutch, reveal that the mobile robot operated at velocities between 0.05 and 0.20 m s−1. Its navigation and positioning accuracy showed a speed deviation of 1.2 %, a lateral deviation of 5.3 mm, a longitudinal deviation of 7.6 mm, and an angular deviation of 1.1°. The rabbit feeding robot demonstrated a feed quantitative error of 4.3%. At a designated feeding point, the time cycles for dispensing feed across three boxes were recorded as 40.6 s, 50.1 s, and 24.3 s, achieving success rates of 96.3 %, 98.8 %, and 100.0 %, respectively. These results substantiate the practical applicability of the rabbit feeding robot in farming production, thus fostering the progression of intelligent agricultural practices. • The design and development of an unsupervised rabbit feeding robot have been presented. • The robot developed achieves a quantitative error of 4.3% and a low breakage rate. • The feasibility has been validated in a real farming environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has gained interest due to its increasing application in various fields. This study explores the potential of AI-based software robots in higher education and their ability to revolutionize educational methodologies. The research purpose is to examine the positive impact of the use of software robots in educational settings. The study focuses on evaluating the prospects of expanding the use of AI-based software robots in higher education. The research uses a combination of observational techniques and practical case studies. It includes an experimental investigation of the basic principles of developing an AI-based robot teacher, with the aim of eventually implementing it in educational processes. The research findings indicate that integrating AI-driven software robots into university education can provide substantial benefits and significant improvements over traditional teaching models. These robots can enhance the educational process and address various developmental challenges. The study highlights the transformative impact of AI-based software robots in modernizing university education. The findings demonstrate the potential of these technologies to reshape the current higher education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern stage of the development of intelligent robotic systems is characterized by the expansion of fields of application, which is due to autonomous work and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The object of research is the system of remote control of robotic systems. During the remote control of robotic systems, problems arise that are associated with the use of wireless communication in real time. The article analyzes software and hardware implementations of various remote control systems suitable for use as part of autonomous robotic systems and analyzes promising microcontroller platforms for implementing a remote control device for a robotic system. A brief review of existing protocols for transmitting control signals using radio communication equipment and microprocessor platforms for the development of embedded systems is performed, among which a solution is selected for research. Several approaches to the control of a robotic system are highlighted – control using a wired connection and corresponding protocols, control via wireless communication or via the Internet, control via general-purpose network protocols. The target platform is chosen and justified, and the S.BUS protocol is analyzed with the provision of an algorithm for obtaining the values of the control channels from the S.BUS package. The structure and algorithm of functioning of the microprocessor remote control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the FreeRTOS OS are given. A study of the operation process of the proposed remote control system is carried out, for which it is placed on the chassis of a ground autonomous robotic system with four-wheel drive, and the delay time of the control signal from the receiver to the engine control modules is determined. According to the conducted analysis, the expediency of using specialized radio communication equipment with the S.BUS protocol for controlling executive devices as part of a robotic system, for precise movement control in real time, is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the use of robotic systems in facilities for food and beverage preparation. The research was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, which was completed by 219 respondents working in food and beverage preparation facilities during 2023. The data analysis applied descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Research results showed that more than 60% employees in food and beverage preparation facilities consider that robotic systems perform routine and simple tasks (67.12%), allow employees to focus on more complex tasks (66.67%), are faster and more efficient (61.93%), provide significant cost savings (64.68%), and do not fear that a robotic system will replace them (76.71%). The obtained results could serve as a basis for leaders and human resource managers in facilities for food and beverage preparation when considering the implementation of robotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Robotics uptake in the aerospace industry is low, mainly due to the low-volume/high-accuracy production that aerospace manufacturers require. Furthermore, aerospace manufacturing and assembly sites are often unstructured environments not specifically suitable for robots to operate in.Methods: This paper introduces a robotic visual inspection system using off-the-shelf components able to inspect the mounting holes for wing slat actuators without the need for fixed-coordinate programming; the part just needs to be left within reach of the robot. Our system sets one of the opposed pairs of mounting holes as a reference (the “datum”) and then compares the tilt of all other pairs of mounting holes with respect to it. Under the assumption that any deviation in the mounting hole tilt is not systematic but due to normal manufacturing tolerances, our system will either guarantee the correct alignment of all mounting holes or highlight the existence of misaligned holes.Results and Discussion: Computer-vision tilt measurements are performed with an error of below 0.03° using custom optimization for the sub-pixel determination of the center and radius of the mounting holes. The error introduced by the robot’s motion from the datum to each of the remaining hole pairs is compensated by moving back to the datum and fixing the orientation again before moving to inspect the next hole pair. This error is estimated to be approximately 0.05°, taking the total tilt error estimation for any mounting hole pair to be 0.08° with respect to the datum. This is confirmed by manually measuring the tilt of the hole pairs using a clock gauge on a calibrated table (not used during normal operation).

A fast convergence adaptive neural network event-triggered control strategy is proposed for the trajectory tracking issue of uncertain robotic systems with output constraints. To cope with the constraints on the system output in the actual industrial field while reducing the burden on communication resources, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism is designed by using logarithm-type barrier Lyapunov functions and an event-triggered mechanism. Meanwhile, the combination of neural networks and fast finite-time stability theory can not only approximate the unknown nonlinear function of the system, but also construct the control law and adaptive law with a fractional exponential power to accelerate the system's convergence speed. Furthermore, the tracking errors converge quickly to a bounded and adjustable compact set in finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEnabled via recent technological advances coupled with the advent of new systems providers and decreased price points, automated and robotized order-picking solutions (e.g., pick-assisting autonomous mobile robots) have evolved as a surging market. Such innovative picking technologies aim to reduce labor costs, use available space more efficiently, and increase throughput rates. As implementation projects and the variety of solutions rise, managers decide which ones to select for their specific warehouse and products. However, comprehensive decision models for this strategic problem are lacking in the pertinent literature. We propose a mathematical optimization model for the novel problem that selects and sizes order-picking solutions and assigns them products and warehouse spaces. Expert interviews are used to identify the comprehensive decision-relevant costs and constraints. Specifically, we minimize setup, module, labor, and error costs while adhering to characteristics related to the area (e.g., available space), technology (e.g., throughput, handling capabilities of certain products), and product (e.g., physical dimensions). We conduct a case study and complement our findings with numerical experiments. We find significant cost reduction potential of up to 57% by selecting a mix of different order-picking solutions. Further analyses highlight the need to retain human workers and to account for maximum labor capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an event-based adaptive tracking control scheme for the n -link robotic systems in the presence of unknown backlash-like hysteresis (BLH) and deferred position constraints. By combining a transformation error with an asymmetric Lyapunov function, the devised control tactic achieves that the position constraints of robotic systems are not violated after user pre-specified time. In contrast to the results of robotic systems with position constraints, this paper removes a common assumption condition generated by the conventional barrier Lyapunov function method. Then, the adverse effect of unknown BLH can be offset by the Nussbaum function. Meanwhile, an event-triggered mechanism is designed to economize on the network bandwidth resources. Finally, based on the Lyapunov theory, an event-based adaptive tracking control tactic is proposed to ensure that all the signals of robotic systems are bounded under unknown BLH and deferred position constraints. Some simulation results proof that the devised control scheme is valid. • A shifting function is designed to remove a common assumption condition. • The Nussbaum function addresses the problem of the unknown backlash-like hysteresis. • The convergence time of robotic systems can be affected by the pre-specified time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthopedic surgery is one of the first surgical specialties to apply surgical robotics in clinical practice, which has become an interesting field over the years with promising results. Surgical robotics can facilitate total joint arthroplasty by providing robotic support to accurately prepare the bone, improving the ability to reproduce alignment, and restoring normal kinematics. Various robotic systems are available on the market, each tailored to specific types of surgeries and characterized by a series of features with different requirements and/or modus operandi. Here, a narrative review of the current state of surgical robotic systems for total joint knee arthroplasty is presented, covering the different categories of robots, which are classified based on the operation, requirements, and level of interaction with the surgeon. The different robotic systems include closed/open platform, image-based/imageless, and passive/active/semi-active systems. The main goal of a robotic system is to increase the accuracy and precision of the operation regardless of the type of system. Despite the short history of surgical robots, they have shown clinical effectiveness compared to conventional techniques in orthopedic surgery. When considering which robotic system to use, surgeons should carefully evaluate the different benefits and drawbacks to select the surgical robot that fits their needs the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Robotic complexes are equipped with complex electrical equipment of various operating principles, which is subject to inevitable failures. Successful search for failure sites, including multiple ones, will determine the effectiveness of the maintenance and repair system. Materials and methods. A diagnostic model is considered that describes the state of the equipment when multiple failures occur in it. Results and conclusions. The development of diagnostic software based on this model will allow you to successfully complete the main tasks of technical diagnostics.

В статье обозначена проблема исследования, связанная с разработкой прототипа робота-манипулятора с функцией сортировки, предназначенного для использования в качестве учебного оборудования при подготовке студентов в Камчатском государственном университете имени Витуса Беринга. В статье говорится, что промышленные роботы являются одним из компонентов автоматизированных производственных систем, которые позволяют увеличить производительность труда в производственной сфере страны. В статье констатируется тот факт, что промышленные роботы должны стать фундаментом новой экономики нашей страны, а для решения этой задачи необходимы новые кадры, которые должны готовить университеты страны. Кроме этого, в статье рассмотрена идея использования робота-манипулятора на занятиях по изучению дисциплины «Основы робототехники», включенной в профиль обучения «Прикладная информатика в автоматике и робототехнике» в ФГБОУ ВО «КамГУ им. Витуса Беринга». Автор статьи делится опытом разработки прототипа робота-манипулятора, который имеет функцию сортировки предметов. В статье перечисляются составные части разработанного прототипа и описывается порядок их монтажа. Приводится алгоритм сортировки предметов данным роботом-манипулятором и кратко описывается процесс разработки программного обеспечения для его управления. Указывается, что создание программы заключалось в определении сначала положений роботизированной руки с помощью программы LeArm, а затем — в организации выполнения последовательности этих положений программным способом с помощью системы программирования Arduino IDE. В статье указана перспективная область применения роботов-сортировщиков.

The paper presents a generalized system's structural scheme and components for monitoring and controlling access to robotic systems based on biometric data for decision-making. Mathematical decision-making models for choosing the best alternative based on fuzzy sets are proposed. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process determined weights of 6 criteria (for k1 criterion weighting factor is equal to 2.2; for k2 criterion - 1.8; for k3 criterion - 0.6; for k4 criterion - 0.6; for k5 criterion - 0.6; for k6 criterion - 0.2, that is, most weighty would be k1 - recognition accuracy) against which the best option was evaluated. Thus, during evaluation of alternative on six criteria it was obtained that t alternative X1 (face recognition in full-face), will have the key value of membership function of resulting fuzzy set alternatives with ideal value of integral criterion, equal to 0.53, and as result, implemented rational choice, taking into account given criteria. The difference is that we have introduced such criteria as anti-spoofing. The access control system for robotic systems works in real-time. It is implemented based on an algorithmic decision-making complex, which includes two-factor authentication to increase security: registration involves entering employee data from the keyboard (password, login, surname, first name, position) and physiological authentication (identification by face). Face detection is proposed to be implemented on several images: face, profile, face, and profile in the mask. A distinctive feature of our development is that often, a main requirement for "access control systems with facial identification" is the frontal location of the face relative to the camera; in our case, the image of the face at an angle was added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural condition of hydroelectric tunnels is important to the overall performance, safety, and longevity of generating stations. Significant effort is required to inspect, monitor, and maintain these tunnels. Photogrammetry is an effective method of collecting highly accurate visual and spatial data. However, it also presents the complex challenge of positioning a camera at thousands of difficult-to-reach locations throughout the large and varying-diameter tunnels. A semi-automated robotic camera positioning system was developed to enhance the collection of images within hydroelectric tunnels for photogrammetric inspections. A continuous spiral image network was developed to optimize the collection speed within the bounds of photography and capture-in-motion constraints. The positioning system and image network optimization reduce the time and effort required while providing the ability to adapt to different and varying tunnel diameters. To demonstrate, over 28,000 images were captured at a ground sampling distance of 0.4 mm in the 822 m long concrete-lined section of the Grand Falls Generating Station intake tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, mining operations have faced numerous challenges, including safety hazards, inefficiencies, and environmental concerns. However, recent advances in robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence have presented opportunities for the mining industry. The ROBOMINERS project, a Horizon 2020 European Union initiative, aims to revolutionize the mining ecosystem by implementing disruptive robotic concepts. One such concept is resilience, which involves enabling mining robots to reconfigure morphologically during operation. This article presents the development of a modular robotic system that focuses on modularity and self-assembly to provide insight into developing a highly adaptable and compact solution for future mining robots. The robotic system is composed of a set of highly configurable modular robotic platforms that can be reconfigured with other robotic modules or submodules to form more complex systems to perform different tasks. Several module configurations are presented, and different locomotion experiments were carried out to test the ability of the modules to navigate unstructured environments. The modules exhibited great maneuverability in unstructured terrain and demonstrated self-assembly and reconfiguration capabilities during operation. This is a foundational step towards the long-term goal of developing compact autonomous agents capable of self-assembly and mining task execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the architecture and implementation of a modular component of the smart operating theater digital twin, designed to control robotic equipment—the robot interface module. This interface is designed to ensure equipment operation both in a real smart operating theater and in the virtual space of its digital twin—the computer simulation. Using such an interface in the digital twin will make it possible to use it in computer-assisted training of surgeons, preliminary planning, post-analysis, and simulation, preceding the operation of real equipment. An experimental implementation of a prototype robot interface to enable the KUKA LBR Med 14 R820 medical robot operation using the FRI protocol was developed, and experiments were performed on real equipment and its digital twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic systems are an integral component of today’s work place automation, especially in industrial settings. Due to technological advancements, we see new forms of human-robot interaction emerge which are related to different OSH risks and benefits. We present a multifaceted analysis of risks and opportunities regarding robotic systems in the context of task automation in the industrial sector. This includes the scientific perspective through literature review as well as the workers’ expectations in form of use case evaluations. Based on the results, with regards to human-centred workplace design and occupational safety and health (OSH), implications for the practical application are derived and presented. For the literature review a selected subset of papers from a systematic review was extracted. Five systematic reviews and meta-analysis (492 primary studies) focused on the topic of task automation via robotic systems and OSH. These were extracted and categorised into physical, psychosocial and organisational factors based on an OSH-factors framework for advanced robotics developed for the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). To assess the workers’ perspective, 27 workers from three European manufacturing companies were asked about their expectations regarding benefits and challenges of robotic systems at their workplace. The answers were translated and categorised in accordance with the framework as well. The statements, both from literature and the survey were then analysed according to the qualitative content analysis, to gain additional insight into the underlying structure and trends in them. As a result, new categories were formed deductively. The analysis showed that the framework is capable to help categorise both findings from literature and worker survey into basic categories with good interrater reliability. Regarding the proposed subcategories however, it failed to reflect the complexity of the workers’ expectations. The results of the worker evaluation as well as literature findings both predominantly highlight the psychosocial impact these systems may have on workers. Organisational risks or changes are underrepresented in both groups. Workers’ initial expectations lean towards a positive impact.

Background. Artificial intelligence algorithms for control systems of robotic complexes are also products, the quality of which must be confirmed by test results. Materials and methods. Proposals have been developed for the methodology for conducting virtual tests of ArUco fiducial marker recognition algorithms, which are widely used in robotics. Results and conclusions. Reliability indicators are determined, according to which it is proposed to evaluate the quality of artificial intelligence technologies.

At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), a Research and Development (R&D) program studies robotic systems for inspection and maintenance of the next-generation of particle detectors. The design and operation of these systems are affected by the detector’s cavern harsh environment consisting of high magnetic fields and radiations. This work presents a feasibility study for aerial inspection and mapping around a CERN particle detector using a robotic Lighter-than-Air (LtA) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), specifically a blimp. Firstly, mission scenarios and the detector environment are introduced; in this context a new empirical model is proposed for the estimation of magnetic disturbances resulting from the interaction of electromagnetic motors with the external magnetic field. Subsequently, the design of a reference blimp and the control system is presented, comparing different control techniques, namely, Computed Torque Control (CTC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control (NTSMC). Finally, the results of trajectory tracking simulations are reported, considering both the uncertainties of the dynamic parameters and the estimated magnetic disturbances. This work demonstrates that the blimp successfully follows desired trajectory, navigating complex environments while maintaining stability and accuracy. Despite the challenges posed by high magnetic fields, indoor blimps can effectively offer safer and more efficient approaches to facility surveillance and maintenance, reducing radiation exposure for human personnel and minimizing detector downtime.