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Uvod: Ritmična gimnastika je olimpijski šport, ki združuje prvine orodne gimnastike, plesa in baleta. Za uspešnost v tem športu so pomembne dobro razvite vse motorične sposobnosti, zlasti gibljivost in koordinacija, saj morajo dekleta med izvajanjem skokov, piruet in ravnotežij, obvladati tudi manipulacijo z rekviziti, kot so kolebnica, obroč, žoga, kiji in trak. Za ritmično gimnastiko je značilna zgodnja specializacija, saj dekleta že s 15. leti postanejo članice. Od mladinske kategorije naprej povprečno trenirajo petkrat do šestkrat tedensko po 5 ur na dan. Posledično so izpostavljena visoko intenzivnim treningom že pred nastopom pubertete. Za tako visoke obremenitve je potrebna najvišja raven zmogljivosti športnika. To lahko povzroči telesno in duševno izčrpanost športnika, kar ga izpostavi povečanemu tveganju za poškodbe. Za dobro preprečevanje poškodb moramo podrobno poznati mehanizem nastanka poškodbe, vedeti, katere poškodbe se pojavljajo glede na anatomsko lokacijo, ter njihove dejavnike tveganja, saj lahko le tako delujemo preventivno. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature predstaviti pojavnost mišično-skeletnih poškodb v ritmični gimnastiki v Sloveniji in po svetu. Metode dela: Iskanje strokovne in znanstvene literature je potekalo preko podatkovnih baz PubMed in COBISS z izbrano kombinacijo ključnih besed. Pri iskanju smo vključili časovni okvir, in sicer od leta 2014 do 2020. Podatke za slovenske ritmičarke smo pridobili v podatkovni bazi projekta Celostna priprava športnika, ki ga letno izvaja Gimnastična zveza Slovenije. Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev smo v pregled literature vključili 7 raziskav. Vključene raziskave so preučevale pojavnost poškodb pri rekreativnih ter vrhunskih tekmovalkah ritmične gimnastike. Skupno je v raziskavah sodelovalo 1470 preiskovancev. Rezultati so pokazali, da prevladujejo kronične poškodbe. Kot najbolj izpostavljen del telesa smo zabeležili trup ter spodnji ud. Najpogostejše anatomske lokacije poškodb so gleženj, koleno ter ledveni del hrbta. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da je pojavnost poškodb v Sloveniji in svetu dokaj podobna ter da na poškodbe v ritmični gimnastiki vplivajo različni dejavniki tveganja, na katere v večini lahko vplivamo. Preventiva ter ustrezna rehabilitacija sta ključ za zmanjšanje pojavnosti poškodb. Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport that combines elements of artistic gymnastics, dance and ballet. In order to be successful in this sport, it is important that all motor skills are well developed, especially mobility and coordination, as girls, during jumping, pyruet and balance, also have to cope with the manipulation of props such as rope, hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon. Rhythmic gymnastics is characterised by early specialisation, as girls have become members since the age of 15. From the youth category onwards, on average, they are training five to six times a week, 5 hours a day. As a result, they are already exposed to highly intensive training prior to the onset of puberty. Such high burdens require the highest level of capacity of the athlete. This can lead to physical and mental depletion of athletes, exposing them to an increased risk of injury. To successfully prevent injuries, we need to know in detail the mechanism of injury, what injuries occur in relation to anatomical location and their risk factors, as this is the only way to make effective prevention. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the incidence of muscular skeletal injuries in rhythmic gymnastics in Slovenia and worldwide through a review of the expert reviews and scientific literature. Methods: The search for professional and scientific literature was conducted through the PubMed and COBISS databases, using a selected combination of keywords within a time-frame of 2014 to 2020. Data are obtained for Slovenian rhythmic gymnastics in the database of the ‘Integrated preparation of athletes’ project, which is carried out annually by the Slovenian Gymnastic Federation. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 surveys have been included in the literature review. Those surveys investigated the incidence of injuries in recreational and top-class rhythmic gymnastics. In total, 1470 subjects participated in the surveys. The results showed that chronic injuries predominate. The trunk and the lower limb are recorded as the most exposed part of the body. The most common anatomical locations of injuries are the ankle, the knee and the lumbar spine. Discussion and conclusion: We found that the incidence of injuries in Slovenia is quite similar to that in the world and that injuries in rhythmic gymnastics are exposed to various risk factors, most of which we can have control over. Prevention and physiotherapy aim at preventive action are key to reducing the incidence of injuries.

Uvodoma smo predstavili in preučili ključne pojme za lažje razumevanje trženjskih osnov. V nadaljevanju predstavimo metode in tehnike, ki nam pomagajo pri raziskovanju in posledično pri določanju trga in ciljev. Predstavljeni so nekateri osnovni modeli, ki nam pomagajo razumeti, kako trg deluje in kaj vse vpliva nanj. Naša tema se nanaša na šport, zato si v nadaljevanju pogledamo delovanje športnih organizacij. Za pripravo strategije trženja pregledamo okolje in vse deležnike, ki so posredno in neposredno vezani na naš projekt. Za uspešno oglaševanje je potrebno odlično poznavanje ciljne publike, da se bo primerno odzvala na našo storitev. Pregled orodij in izbor ustreznih kanalov za oglaševanje je ključnega pomena za doseganje ciljne publike. Pomembno je tudi upoštevanje predpisov, ki narekujejo vedenje v športnem oglaševanju in športni industriji. Za odličen javni nastop in sodelovanje z mediji, je potrebna prijazna in profesionalna drža in odnos. V raziskovalnem delu pregledamo obstoječe stanje v izbrani športni panogi: ritmični gimnastiki. Preko štirih odprtih intervjujev dobimo vpogled na razvoj in stanje v katerem se trenutno nahaja ritmična gimnastika. Pregledamo, kakšne strategije in pristopi so bili uporabljeni do sedaj za popularizacijo športa. Ko govorimo o popularizaciji, ne mislimo s tem zgolj o priljubljenosti med gledalci in širšo javnostjo, ampak tudi o dvigovanju zavesti med mladimi dekleti. Vrhunska ritmična gimnastika je kompleksen šport, ki zahteva predanost in veliko odrekanja, in sprašujemo se kako spodbuditi tekmovalke, da ne odnehajo tekom izobraževalnega procesa. Pregled in primerjava stanja na svetovni ravni nam odpreta nov pogled in predvsem zagon za postavljanje strategije, ki bo prinesla boljše rezultate v prihodnosti. Pridobljeni podatki kažejo na to, da je ritmična gimnastika zelo priljubljen šport, medtem ko interes za vrhunsko ritmično gimnastiko, še posebej pri dekletih starejših od petnajst let, drastično upada. Da bi postali bolj konkurenčni tudi na svetovni ravni, bo potrebno več sodelovanja med športnimi organizacijami in vsemi deležniki vpetimi v to kompleksno, a čudovito olimpijsko športno panogo. Firstly, we presented and studied key concepts in order to understand the marketing basics. Afterwards, we analyzed the methods and techniques that help us in our research. In later stages, they also helped us in defining market and goals. Some basic models that help us understand how the market works and what impacts it are also presented in this part. Our topic refers to sports, therefore we looked at the activities of sports organizations. In order to prepare a marketing strategy, we need to analyze the environment and all stakeholders that are directly and indirectly linked to our project. For successful advertising, we require an excellent knowledge of the target audience. Our knowledge can assure us that the audience will adequately respond to our service. An overview of the tools and a selection of relevant channels for advertising is crucial to reach the target audience. It is also important to comply with the rules that dictate behavior in sports advertising and sports industry. For an excellent public appearance and cooperation with the media, a friendly and professional attitude is needed. In the research part, we reviewed the existing situation in rhythmic gymnastics. We conducted four open interviews that helped us get an insight into the development and the situation in which rhythmic gymnastics currently operates. Additionally, we reviewed strategies and approaches that have been used so far to popularize the sport. When we talk about popularization, we do not imply only to the popularity of rhythmic gymnastic among viewers and the general public, but also to popularity among young girls. Professional rhythmic gymnastics is a complex sport that requires a lot of dedication and sacrifice. Therefore, we question ourselves how to encourage young girls to stay in rhythmic gymnastics during and after the educational process. An overview and comparison of the situation on a global scale gives us a new perspective and above all, a momentum for setting a strategy that will bring better results in the future. The obtained data indicate that rhythmic gymnastics is a very popular sport, while the interest in top-notch rhythmic gymnastics, especially for girls over fifteen years old, drastically decreases. In order to become more competitive, even at the global level, more cooperation will be needed between sports organizations and all stakeholders embedded in this complex but wonderful Olympic sports industry.

Ritmična gimnastika je šport, ki zahteva dobro razvito koordinacijo, gibljivost in ravnotežje. V tekmovalni sestavi je poleg skokov, piruet in ravnotežij zahtevana še manipulacija z rekviziti. Zato smo želeli preveriti povezanost med sposobnostjo statičnega ravnotežja z uspešnostjo v ritmični gimnastiki. V vzorcu je sodelovalo 13 slovenskih deklet kadetske in mladinske kategorije. Izvedle so tri različne ravnotežne teste. Pri analizi povezanosti telesne mase in telesne višine smo dobili močne negativne povezanosti, kar ni v skladu z dosedanjimi raziskavami na tem področju. Za oceno uspešnosti smo vzeli oceno D (sodniška ocena za težavnost tekmovalne sestave) in E (sodniška ocena za izvedbo tekmovalne sestave), s katero nismo našli nobenih statistično značilnih povezav. To je lahko posledica majhnega vzorca in podobnost tekmovalk po kakovosti. Prav tako smo izračunali še indeks senzorne organizacije, s katerim smo ugotovili, da se tekmovalke zanašajo na vidno informacijo bolj kot na vestibularno in somatosenzorno. Pri izvajanju tekmovalne sestave z rekvizitom obroč smo ugotovili, da je ta indeks manjši kot pri ostalih rekvizitih. Iz tega sklepamo, da se pri rekvizitu obroč bolj zanašajo somatosenzorni in vestibularni priliv. Ugotovili smo povezanost indeksa stabilnosti izvajanja prvega ravnotežnega testa na levi nogi z uspešnostjo v ritmični gimnastiki. Zaključimo lahko, da je predvsem primerjava izvedbe ravnotežnih testov z zaprtimi in odprtimi očmi lahko pokazatelj uspešnosti tekmovalk v ritmični gimnastiki. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport, which requires well-developed coordination, flexibility and balance. In the competitive composition is, in addition to the jumps, rotations and balances, required to have difficult manipulations with apparatus. Therefore, we want to check the correlation between the ability of static balance with performance in rhythmic gymnastics. The sample consisted 13 Slovenian girls from pre-junior and junior category. They performed three different balance tests. When analysing the relationship between body weight and height, we got a strong negative relationship, which is not in accordance with the current research in this area. For performance evaluation we took D score (judging score for the difficulty of the composition) and E score (judging score for the performance of the composition), in which we did not find any significant statistic relationship. This may be due to small sample size and the similarity of participants' quality. We also calculated the index of the sensory organization, with which we found that competitors rely on visible information more than vestibular and somatosensory. In the performance with the apparatus hoop, we found that this index is lower than in other apparatuses. The conclusion is that the competitors in composition with apparatus hoop rely more on somatosensory and vestibular influx then on visible influx. We found correlation between stability indexes of first balance test on the left leg with the performance in rhythmic gymnastics. We can conclude that the comparison of the performance of balance tests with closed and opened eyes can be an indicator of the success of competitors in rhythmic gymnastics.

Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je bil pripraviti slikovni pregled vsebin učnega načrta športne vzgoje za prvo in drugo vzgojno izobraževalno obdobje za vsebine ritmične gimnastike. S slikovnim pregledom vsebin bi pripomogli k natančnejšemu in pestrejšemu izvajanju tega športa pri učnih urah. Z natančnejšim izvajanjem vsebin bi prav tako pripomogli k boljšemu doseganju standardov znanja in s tem cilju, ki ga učitelju zadaja učni načrt in njegovo poslanstvo. Primerjali smo vsebine ritmične gimnastike, ki so v učnem načrtu in vsebine pravilnika programa C, ki zajema samo osnove ritmične gimnastike. S to primerjavo smo ugotovili, da gre sicer za podobne vsebine, ki pa so v učnem načrtu presplošno zapisane, da bi nepoznavalec panoge lahko pučeval le to. Pregledali smo tudi druge praktične vsebine v učnem načrtu, in poiskali tiste, ki so sorodne vsebinam ritmične gimnastike. Za prikaz elementov, ki jih zajema učni načrt smo iz različnih virov poiskali in zbrali slikovni material in ga v tabeli uredili glede na vsebine učnega načrta, ki se navezujejo na ritmično gimnastiko. Dodali smo kratke opise in izbrali osnovne elemente panoge za opis in priporočilo praktičnih vsebin. S tem smo pripravili uporabno gradivo, ki lahko pripomore k boljši pripravi in izvedbi učne ure z vsebinami ritmične gimnastike. The purpose of this thesis was to devise a graphic overview of the content related to rhythmic gymnastics in the physical education curriculum for the first and second cycle of primary school. The overview should promote more accurate and diverse aspects of this sport during lessons. More accurate implementation of the content would contribute to the achievement of learning standards and help teachers fulfil their mission and attain the goals contained in the curriculum.The thesis compares the elements of rhythmic gymnastics listed in the curriculum and the rules of the C programme, which only involves the basics of rhythmic gymnastics. Moreover, it provides an overview of other practical content in the curriculum and underlines the content that resembles rhythmic gymnastics.The elements discussed in the curriculum are presented graphically using materials from different sources, which are set out in a table according to the content related to rhythmic gymnastics. They are provided with short descriptions, the basic elements of the discipline and practical recommendations. The materials can help improve the preparation and implementation of lessons with elements of rhythmic gymnastics.