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Ethical questions normally arise in sport because its participants are human moral agents and because its practice community entails the observance of rules and responsibilities that humans generally owe one another in a social practice of voluntary competition. Since nature sports are not defined by this kind of inter-agential activity, it would appear that there are no comparable ethical constraints on their pursuit. This paper considers conflicts of preference versus right between humans, how these are resolved, and whether these rights are relevant in assessment of nature sport activity vis-à-vis nonhuman creatures. Relying on a goods perspective instead of a rights framework, via Korsgaard, I argue against an assumption that human preference is sufficient to override consideration of nonhuman animals' functional goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have entered an era where, in addition to us humans, systems can also think. It is imperative to decide how decision rights and authorities are allocated and distributed across interconnected co-cognitors: things that think. To address this question vital to the redesign of organizations, we reconceptualize cognitive reapportionment as the dynamic reallocation of decision rights and authorities across human and system co-cognitors capable of independent decision making. We articulate the Helix Model of Decision Journeys, wherein decision journeys, comprised of decision elements allocable to human or system co-cognitors, interweave and integrate business processes. The dynamic reapportionment of cognitive responsibilities across co-cognitors is dependent upon the type of scientific reasoning—deduction, induction, or abduction—at each decision element. We further propose two intertwined mechanisms for the art of letting go that facilitate the adoption of the Helix model. First, the nexus of omnipresent system co-cognitors collectively needs to evoke trust. Only when Technology Trust Thresholds are exceeded can decision making be reorganized and control relinquished to system co-cognitors. Second, the world of omnipresent cognitors will compel us to redesign, reprogram, and remix our workflow and business processes. Only through a purposeful effort to Redesign in the Remix Regime can the deduction-induction-abduction nature of decision tasks serve as the basis for their reapportionment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis of the legal status of convicts during the time of Ukraine's independence. The authors indicate that the relations between the state and those sentenced to imprisonment for a certain term and life imprisonment, as well as between the convicts in their environment and with other persons in the state-organized society, must be established by the state in a legal form - in the form of rights, freedoms and obligations. It is the observance of the rights of convicts that is given considerable attention by international organizations, as evidenced by the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights regarding non-observance of certain elements of the legal status of convicts in Ukraine. The authors believe that the question of analysis of changes in the legal status of convicts during the time of independent Ukraine is relevant. The authors indicate that in the science of criminal enforcement law, the legal status of convicts consists of three components, namely subjective rights, obligations and legal interests. Within the scope of their article, the authors consider only two components, the se are subjective rights and duties. As the subjective rights of those convicted of various types of criminal punishments in the science of criminal law, the authors see the possibility, provided for by law and directly guaranteed at the state level, of certain behavior of the convicted person or his use of certain benefits, the implementation of which is entrusted to the officials of institutions for the execution of punishments and is fixed by their obligations and those of other subjects of legal relations arising in the process of execution and serving of criminal punishments. As the duties of the convicted person, the authors consider the rights established in the mandatory and prohibitive norms: the measure of the necessary behavior of the convicted person while serving the sentence, which ensures the achievement of the goals of the punishment, maintenance of law and order during its serving, observance of the rights and legitimate interests of the convicted person himself, as well as other persons. Having conducted an analysis of the Correctional Labor and Criminal Enforcement Legislation, the authors came to the conclusion that the given analysis of only two components can be asserted that during the 30 years of Ukraine's independence, the national legislation paid attention only to its liberalization, paying attention in the vast majority to the rights of convicts without changing the approaches that reforming the system of their duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article is dedicated to characterizing the role of the Commissioner for the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the public administration system in the sphere of justice in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the Commissioner for the ECHR is formally defined as an official of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, and the position is characterized by features of both political and administrative posts (civil service positions). It is highlighted that the Commissioner for the ECHR performs tasks and functions in interaction with the ECHR and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, as well as with domestic bodies, local government bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, and others. The tasks and functions of the Commissioner for the ECHR are proposed to be classified based on several criteria, such as the content of activities (representative, coordination-executive, informational, etc.); subjects with whom relations are carried out (those performed in interaction with foreign and domestic entities); the level of the management system at which they are implemented (those performed at the central and regional levels), etc. The activities of the Commissioner for the ECHR are supported by an institutional system within the apparatus of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and its interregional administrations, and in relations with the ECHR and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, receive assistance from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine through the Permanent Representation of Ukraine to the Council of Europe. The Commissioner for the ECHR is represented both at the central level of the public administration system in the sphere of justice (the Commissioner for the ECHR as an official of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Secretariat of the Commissioner for the ECHR at the department level of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine) and at the regional level (representatives of the Commissioner for the ECHR and regional departments of the Secretariat of the Commissioner for the ECHR at the respective interregional administrations of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores and reviews the literature from low‐ and middle‐income countries on the pathways of influence between women's empowerment and reproductive outcomes, specially focusing on contraception, and points to some outstanding gaps. We adopt a framework that assesses the influence of contextual factors, notably kinship structures, and marriage systems, on women's empowerment and agency and other transformational factors affecting women's agency and gender roles and wielding direct and indirect influences on empowerment and contraceptive outcomes. The review of around 80 studies highlights that even after other factors are adjusted, women's agency has a strong influence on contraceptive outcomes. Contraceptive use levels are likely influenced by community‐level factors above and beyond individual‐level factors. Transformational factors, especially exogenous factors such as education and family planning programs, have independent and direct effects on contraceptive outcomes, at times even weakening or canceling out the effects of women's agency. Comprehensive contraceptive transition theory must reserve a central place for women's empowerment through agency and gender roles, particularly the ability of women and girls to make independent and free contraceptive choices. Relatedly, progress in contraceptive transition should be assessed according to not only contraceptive prevalence but also women's ability to use their preferred choice of methods for achieving reproductive rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to an unprecedented global moment when the core needs of children and young people (rights for education, food, play and leisure) were not adequately addressed, recognised from a policy perspective and to varying extents, ignored. This paper, by bringing scholarship and grey literature together, provides an integrative, international, comprehensive review and analysis of how the pandemic affected children's core needs (and rights) simultaneously. It also reviews and compares adaptations—often local, informal and/or community‐led—that attempted to respond to the shortcomings and negative impacts of more formal policy measures, including lockdowns themselves. By doing so, it engages with the question of resilience and calls for children and young people's needs and voices to be heard in the future, particularly considering future forms of crisis‐preparedness that can better account for children and young people's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the topic of introducing new approaches to the provision of administrative services in Ukraine based on the approval of new principles of their provision. It is noted that administrative services are the leading means of realizing the rights of citizens in the field of public administration, because the absolute majority of cases decided by public administration bodies are initiated by citizens themselves and concern their subjective rights. The Ukrainian state quite successfully coped with the challenges in the field of administrative services after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. At the current stage, the format of “state-citizen” and “state-business” relations must be modernized taking into account modern technologies, optimization of procedures and improvement of service quality . Of great importance in he process of providing administrative services is the focus on modern, objective principles of their provision determined by socio-economic and technological development. After all, today a widespread phenomenon is the “digitalization” of the process of providing administrative services, which involves the introduction of electronic document management, the creation of online platforms for receiving services, and the automation of administrative procedures. The Center for Political and Legal Reforms developed the “Strategy for the reform of administrative services and their digitalization”. From the analysis of the document, it follows that the principles of providing administrative services today need a doctrinal update in their interpretation. In particular, the system of principles of administrative services should be supplemented with such things as decentralization of powers, simplification of procedures for the provision of administrative services, formality, integration of basic services in the Central Administrative Service, compensability for the provision of administrative services, unification of the procedure for resolving administrative cases, development of electronic public services, proactivity of public administration in in the field of provision of administrative services, protection of personal data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationalism studies have only recently started to grapple with the Anthropocene as a foundational shift for the discipline. One of the effects of climate change is the forced displacement of large populations, and if access to rights cannot be ensured outside the structures of territorial sovereignty, this migration could easily translate into widespread rightlessness. I argue that this necessitates a rethinking of how communities become rights‐bearing and how such rights‐bearing communities have existed outside the structures of the nation‐state. Specifically, I propose looking to Paul Gilroy's account of the Black Atlantic diaspora as an example of a rights‐bearing community that successfully claimed “the right to have rights” through a concerted effort of vocalising experiences of displacement. Reading Gilroy through rights‐scholarship in political theory I argue that the Black Atlantic can inform work on climate diasporas and their latent political potential as rights‐bearing communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tremendous growth of internet-connected devices can lead to network congestion, making it essential to incorporate new technologies to optimize performance. Thus, Device to Device(D2D) communication has been deemed as an emerging technology that can be used to communicate efficiently. However, establishing a secure and reliable mechanism for Device-to-Device (D2D) communication that ensures security, reliability, and availability poses a significant challenge. To tackle these issues a novel deep learning-based security-reliability-availability aware multiple D2D environment (SERAV Deep-MAD) has been proposed for Secure D-2-D Communication in a Fog environment. The proposed method utilizes a Fully Homomorphic Quantum Diffie Hellman Encryption (FHQDHE) to secure the data while transmitting. The proposed method utilizes the novel secure Quantum Diffie Hellman key exchange (QDHKE) technique for sharing the key to transform the plain data into cipher data, then applies FH operations on the encrypted data before transferring it to the Fog environment. Whenever a client requests data from the Fog, the Fog provider verifies the client's access rights. Moreover, the Attention-based Bi-GRU model is utilized to categorize whether the device is non-attack or attack, if the data is attacked then the proposed model classifies multiple attacks. The NS2 Simulator is used to verify and validate the proposed SERAV Deep-MAD model, and resiliency analysis is done to assess performance. The proposed techniques attain a higher accuracy of 98.18% which is 1.58%, 2.02%, and 2.41% better than MECC, MIMO, andAAKA-D2D respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In philosophical work on the ethics of conversational exchange, much has been written regarding the speaker side—i.e., on the rights and duties we have as speakers. This paper explores the relatively neglected topic of the duties pertaining to the listeners’ side of the exchange. Following W.K. Clifford, we argue that it's fruitful to think of our epistemic resources as common property. Furthermore, listeners have a key role in maintaining and improving these resources, perhaps a more important role than speakers. We develop this idea by drawing from Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber's “interactionist” picture of reason, which suggests that reasoning is essentially dialogical and relies on the epistemic vigilance of listeners. The paper defends an imperfect, prima facie duty to listen, one that is sufficiently strong to place substantial demands on individuals, but not so overly demanding as to be implausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWe provide a legally-grounded and theoretically-oriented approach to the question of how large a home needs to be for it to count as adequate from the point of view of the right to housing. We propose that a rich understanding of the reasons for which there is such a right generates a framework to think about what housing needs to be like in order to count as adequate, and we suggest how this framework might help us to think about some questions about the physical characteristics and size of adequate housing. Using this framework, we consider the viability of various existing standards with particular attention to the case of Toronto, Canada, as an illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the participation and engagement of ethnic groups and minorities in Kosovo’s political and institutional life during the post-war period (after 1999) and the post-independence phase (after 2008). The involvement of minorities in Kosovo’s institutional framework is grounded in the concept of a multiethnic state, with constitutional and legal provisions ensuring their rights. These provisions enable minorities to participate in all areas of state activity within the Republic of Kosovo. The paper addresses how circumstances and opportunities for participation have evolved, the challenges, threats, and risks faced, and what legislative measures have been enacted to ensure the political and institutional representation of ethnic groups and minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the surge in China's registered nurse population, defining their rights and responsibilities is crucial for ensuring the quality of medical services. However, challenges such as unresolved medical disputes and unclear duties persist due to the inadequacy and lack of transparency in current nursing laws and policies. This study evaluated nurses' legal awareness, legislative needs, and views on laws and policies affecting their practice, providing insights for future improvements in nursing legislation. Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing purposive sampling to select 16 nurses for in-depth exploration of their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. Data analysis was performed using directed content analysis. Results: A total of 16 nurses with various positions and titles were interviewed. The analysis revealed three main themes and nine sub-themes, focusing on existing issues in the nursing environment, legal training needs, and attitudes towards legislative empowerment. Conclusions: In China, there is a gap in legal knowledge and training among nurses. Enhancing their legal literacy is crucial for elevating their professional status and the quality of their work. Our findings underscore strong support for the enactment of the Nurse Act with a focus on practice conditions, rights protection, and career development. National authorities and experts must expedite this legislation to safeguard the rights of nurses, bolster their professional confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs have been used in Italy over the last two decades for various purposes, e.g. to avoid expropriation. While previous research shows that implementing TDR programs at a regional level creates considerable transaction costs, there is no study concerning the costs generated by employing these programs at a city level. This paper addresses this gap through an analysis of the city of Milan’s TDR program. Results show that transaction costs in a fully market-based TDR program are mainly related to TDR contracting, monitoring and creation, influencing the efficacy of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This provocation paper critically examines the discrepancy between policy rhetoric and implementation in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, which was approved by the European Commission in April 2024. Despite its portrayal as a ‘fresh start’, the pact displays continuity with past security-focused measures. On the humanitarian side, the New Pact appears to be less effective: while it includes provisions for legal pathways and solidarity mechanisms, it inadequately addresses the rights of migrants awaiting asylum decisions. These shortcomings serve to illustrate the persisting internal conflicts within the EU regarding migration policies and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the right to food policies, justice and sovereignty in Nigeria. The main areas of concentration were: introduction, meaning of food policy, some food policies in Nigeria, types of policies, audit of right to food policies in Nigeria, past policy articulations (1900 - 1999), food policy articulation and policy thrust in 2003, food policy legislations, sovereignty of food and agricultural development among many others. The study indicated that food policy is a public declaration that conveys the decisions to pursue a specific course of action aimed at improving food production practices, ensuring output growth and the overall development of the food sector. Some food policies in Nigeria are; food crop production policy, livestock production policy, food commodity storage policy among others. The study identified three types of polices namely; position declaration, policy statements and discussion papers. Past policy articulations are: Timber/non timber policy 1937, food policy 1946 and food policy for the western region 1952. Some policy legislations were identified, namely: adulteration of produce ordinance No.67 of 1917; 29 of 1920, 8th November 1917, Weight and measurements Act No. 32 of 1974 to June 1975 and River Basin Development Authorities Act No.35 of 1st October, 1986. Some inventory of right to food sovereignty strategies in Nigeria includes: Sovereignty strategy formulations, commodity boards, National Accelerated Food Production Project (NAFPP), National Livestock Development Project (NLDP), Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) and Green Revolution among very many others. One major problem of food policy implementation is lack of a well-defined programme. In conclusion, Right to Food Policy, Justice and Sovereignty Implementation means money spent, laws enforced, employees hired, plan of action formulated and carried out successfully for the development of the Nigerian food sub-sector. But the problem with Nigerian food policies is the structure among which is the absence of central coordinating members. Also, the study recommended that there is the need for government to set institutions that will monitor the planning and execution of food polices projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While global needs for protection of refugees and other migrants are increasing, rising barriers and deterioration of migrants' rights have become a reality in Europe. Hence, the role of civil society organisations (CSOs) to empower citizens is more important than ever. CSOs practice solidarity by building alliances and influencing policy-makers towards policies and practices that uphold the right to asylum and advance migrants' rights, at national and European level. Migration is one of the main political battlefields that is dominated by the narratives of the right, depicting people on the move as a threat. CSOs work to shift the dominant narrative by talking to the public and promoting diversity. CSOs run a wide range of reception and inclusion activities. They carry out valuable work assisting and often substituting for government action, by managing directly or providing support in reception as well as medium- to long- term inclusion processes. To ensure they can keep on advancing migrants rights, it is crucial to work in parallel on promoting an enabling civic space and meaningful participation of CSOs in policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the work of art mediate the recognitions we give one another in a rights-based order when that order cannot guarantee the rights it promises? What does an account of the open-ended, norm-mediating, performative and socio-aesthetic complexity of the work of art offer this 'After Rights?' inquiry? In addressing these questions, I draw on the insights of Jacques Ranciere, Fiona Jenkins, Jean Luc Nancy, Judith Butler, and Sylviya Lechner and Mervyn Frost to argue that the work of art, as a creative and interpretive aesthetic locus, ethically constitutes its practitioners (artists and audiences) as participants in an open-ended norm-mediating risk relation. The argument is that the work of art is an encounter-event practice for performing our commonality beyond power, violence, hierarchy, reason, and rights – even as that work also lends itself, as a beside-rights practice, to the mediation of hidden and discriminatory rights-abusing practices and norms. I do so via a consideration of the work of South African artists which mediate and contest misogynistic, heteronormative and racist discriminations beside and beyond the rights guarantees of the 1996 South African Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presupposes that legal rights cannot remedy the ethical problem of abandonment. It questions how we might live better together as/ with abandoned subjects of the postcolonial state through examining the Shamima Begum case and deprivation of citizenship. Can we imagine a way of life 'after rights', that translates into a right not to be abandoned for the racialised, maimed subject of the postcolonial state ('the stranger')? I argue that 'after rights' is friendship as an ethics of seva ('selfless service), in which the response to the stranger is informed by hukam ('obligation'). It engages in a 'retooling' of received concepts, like obligation and ethics, with concepts from Sikhi to argue for a radical reimagining of rights as a way of life that performs political spirituality as a counter-conductive practice of collective care. I thus inject rights, obligation and ethics with a feminine poetic consciousness inflected with radical Sikhi, which I argue has the potential to create an obligation towards the maimed. It also has the potential to change our understanding of the subject from the Western liberal self to aatma (spirit), informed by a cosmic consciousness and able to embrace Begum as a stranger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much ink has been spilt over the political importance of speech, much less has been dedicated to the political importance of silence. This article seeks to fill that gap. We propose the need for a robust, democratic right to silence in public life and argue that there are politically salient epistemic reasons for recognising that right. We begin by defining what silence is and what a robust right to silence entails. We then argue that the right to silence offers two politically salient epistemic benefits. The first is that, if the right to silence is maintained, we can avoid the epistemic harm that may be caused when an individual is compelled to lie in public. The second is that the right to silence can protect marginalised individuals against the epistemic injustices that may arise when others are likely to misconstrue their speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article by Shruta Swarup explores the concept of political obligation and the moral duty to obey the law. The author discusses different perspectives on this issue, including the role of respect and the relationship between democratic processes and laws. They argue that citizens of democratic states have a duty to obey the law, except for those laws that violate basic rights. The article also addresses objections to this view and discusses scenarios in which citizens may have a moral duty to obey or disobey the laws. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the topic and is a valuable resource for those researching political obligation. [Extracted from the article]

In many large cities today, spaces of extreme wealth and poverty often exist in proximity. City officials, private developers and wealthy residents often 'correct' this cheek-by-jowl situation of proximate yet drastically unequal communities by building physical walls and fences between them. What is the interface between spaces inside and outside the walls built around low-income communities in elite neighbourhoods? How do people living inside the walls built to contain their communities engage with this infrastructure of control? This article addresses these questions by presenting the politics of socio-spatial separation of a low-income and informally built walled community called France Colony in a wealthy neighbourhood in Islamabad (Pakistan). It shows how the wall around France Colony is not only an ineffective sealing device; its porosity has also ironically prompted adjacent wealthy residents to retreat inside their large homes and raise their boundary walls. Not only do walls make obvious the intentions and anxieties of people on the outside trying to control the presence and growth of a low-income community, but spatial practices and negotiations around involuntarily built enclosures can minimise their restrictive intent and provide opportunities for enclosed communities to demand their rights to space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the opener of the three-part Courting Oblivion series on the legal concept of oblivion, meaning legal forgetfulness, letting go of the past, or forgiveness, usually to predicate a second chance, a restart, or even an era of reconstruction. This Article opens the Courting Oblivion series by demonstrating how blind-deaf concepts of justice are fundamentally ignorant of the rights and powers of oblivion. The series' second and third parts will explain more about how acts of oblivion can secure governmental legitimacy and why oblivion needs to be enacted for whistleblowers generally. This Article defines the legal concept of oblivion that began in the United States with the Treaty of Paris 1783. Framed as a defense of Portia's plea in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, this Article counteracts the concept of deaf justice proposed by Daniel Kahneman, Cass R. Sunstein, and Olivier Siboney's book Noise and the concept of blind justice asserted in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. Harvard College. This Article illustrates new concepts, like reverse-gaslighting, and mines Kesha's recent settlement with Dr. Luke for useful material to contest blind-deaf concepts of justice that almost overcame her right to move on in California and New York. Furthermore, the Article explains current judicial crises that indicate a strong need for judicial reform that can be spearheaded by an act of oblivion. Specifically, it addresses the possible demise of stare decisis through ad hoc Janus v. AFSCME balancing tests after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. It also addresses the emergence of the shadow docket in Wheaton College v. Burwell and Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson. The U.S. Supreme Court seems, at best, unwilling to resolve these issues on its own. Therefore, several of these judicial crises will need to be resolved, if at all, by Congress through judicial reform. As such, this Article concludes with the suggestion that Congress pass an act of oblivion that, in part, repeals and preempts all blind-deaf concepts of justice throughout the United States. This suggestion foreshadows the next two parts of the Courting Oblivion series, which will exhaustively explain the ideal uses and provisions of a prospective act of oblivion. At some point, everybody needs a chance to move on, to let go of the past, and to have a fresh start. The right to move on is both held individually and severally by the people as a whole. This series is dedicated to the rights of the people individually and severally to move on, to heal, and to be reborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Middle East Journal of Legal & Jurisprudence Studies / Mağallaẗ al-Šarq al-Awsaṭ li-l-ʿulūm al-Qānūniyyaẗ wa-al-Fiqhiyyaẗ is the property of Manar Elsharq for Studies & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Praxis & Saber is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes a teaching session focused on the gap between rights-as-law and rights-as-mentality in social work. The session has run in various forms with BSc, MA and PQ social work students, and is based on three allegorical vignettes, each of which illustrates a problem with a legalistic concept of rights. These are named ‘The Path of Nettles’, ‘The Snickers Problem’ and ‘The Post Hoc Egg Shield’. The paper has four sections—an explanation of the philosophical rationale for, and pedagogical approach of, the session; a description of the session’s components, including the three allegorical vignettes; a setting out of the session itself; and an evaluation of the session. One of the authors has designed and run several versions of this session; the other is a social work manager seconded to Northumbria University and responsible for the university’s ASYE teaching (initial year in practice for newly-qualified workers). The teaching is particularly relevant to Professional Capabilities Framework (PCF) Domains 4 and 9, and its equivalents in other professional capabilities descriptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPOINTS OF INTERESTDisabled persons are grossly overrepresented among incarcerated persons in U.S. prisons and likely to continue to grow as a group. Prisons are increasingly responsible for protecting the rights of incarcerated persons with disabilities, which includes the provision of accommodations and care. On the basis of thirteen qualitative interviews with persons with disabilities, personal care assistants, and others in a California state prison, the research subjects not only revealed the limits of disability rights in prison, but ways in which corrections officers used accommodations and personal assistance as means of harassing disabled inmates. Despite the failure of rights, persons with disabilities and their allies found ways to access care through mutual relationships and informal networks. This finding supports a disability justice perspective that argues that argues state-sponsored rights have failed specifically marginalized persons with disabilities, but also argues that disability emancipation can be found through peer-based mutual care.Persons with disabilities represent a large and growing population among incarcerated persons in the United States;Past studies overwhelmingly focus on the overrepresentation of persons with disabilities in prison rather than the experiences of persons with disabilities while incarcerated in prisons;A focus on the life of persons with disabilities in prison shows that the government often ignores the rights of disabled persons in prison. It also shows that persons with disabilities in prison and others work together to take care of each other;According to the law, persons with disabilities in prison have the same rights as other persons with disabilities in the U.S. This includes the right to things like wheelchairs or someone to help them with their daily needs;Sometimes, prison staff harass and punish persons with disabilities in prison by taking things like their wheelchair or someone who helps them away or forcing them to use these types of assistance when they do not want to;Persons with disabilities and their allies in prison engage in informal relations of care and personal assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research article examines the efficiency with which the Indian family planning programme provides care to Muslim women who opt to undergo tubectomies from public health facilities in terms of access to benefits/compensation as well as quality of services. The research subsequently intends to suggest suitable policies of affirmative action if required. Methods: The research uses data from the women's file from the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21). Adjusted odds ratios are used to examine the likelihood of Muslim women (i) receiving compensations offered for undergoing tubectomies in public health facilities by the government, (ii) receiving comprehensive information prior to their tubectomies and (iii) reporting a good quality of care during their procedures, in comparison with non-Muslim women. Results: The findings from the research indicate that Muslim women in India have lower odds of receiving state sponsored compensations in comparison with non-Muslim women in India (AOR = 0.67; CI: 0.60—0.76). Consequently, a lesser proportion of Muslim women reported receiving compensations in comparison with non-Muslim women. The difference in the receipt of compensations was 18 percentage points between both cohorts. Critically, despite their challenges in obtaining compensations, the findings from this research also indicate how Muslim women in India have higher odds of receiving comprehensive family planning information prior to their operation in comparison with non-Muslim women (AOR = 1.15; CI: 1.02—1.29). Discussion: Given the existing dearth of evidence in family planning literature on the issue, this research article calls for greater attention and investments in understanding the reproductive health vulnerabilities of Indian Muslims, especially in the context of increasing social hostilities towards the community in India. In this regard, to promote the equitable delivery of family planning services, the findings from this research highlight the urgent need for institutional reforms that facilitate an easier access to public benefits among Indian Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is it for the verdict of a criminal trial to be just? It is widely agreed that a Guilty verdict is just only if the defendant did the relevant deed, and only if his rights were not violated in the process of apprehending, charging, and convicting him. I argue that more is required: he must be found Guilty because he is guilty, and not solely for other reasons. The conviction must be based on the guilt. I argue that many rules of evidence and procedural rules designed to protect a defendant's rights also encourage fulfillment of this basing condition and that the condition helps to explain how an erroneous conviction involving no misconduct can nevertheless be a moral wrong. I argue that the condition also gives an explanation (among others) of why a naked statistic is insufficient for a just conviction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an analysis of the moral relationship between people and place, this paper offers a new view of the wrongful character of gentrification, which is pluralistic, locating the wrong in the non-fulfillment of three place-related rights: rights to a home, rights of residency, and place-based rights to a community. By focusing on the multiple ways that people are connected to place, we offer a more complete and systematic account of place-related rights that is not only able to make sense of people's lived experiences of the harms of gentrification but is also able to address standard criticisms, which have been made of other key accounts of the wrong of gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, much good and blessed praise. Peace and blessings be upon the one sent as a mercy to the worlds. The Sharia (Islamic law) has emphasized the importance of parents and has placed the mother's rights above the father's in many texts, while also acknowledging the father's rights and his role as a means to enter Paradise. Therefore, my research focuses on the rights of the father that remain after his death, highlighting acts of righteousness that continue despite his passing. I employed a descriptive and inductive methodology to elucidate the jurisprudential issues, and divided the research into: an introduction, two sections, and concluded with the main findings and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the legal issue of recognizing nature as a subject of rights within the current legal framework, highlighting a paradigm shift in the protection of nature in Ecuador. With the 2008 Constitution, nature transitioned from being an "object of protection" to an entity with its own rights. The ruling 1185-20-JP/21 is used as a case study to analyze these legal and practical implications. The ruling deals with the violation of rights due to irrigation projects without adequate environmental consultation, emphasizing the importance of ecological flow. The Constitutional Court reaffirms the interdependence between the rights of nature and human rights, highlighting the need for a systemic approach to environmental protection. Key legal and jurisprudential precedents are reviewed to contextualize this recognition, evaluating its impact on the legal system and environmental protection, and analyzing the enforceability of these rights through judicial mechanisms. The ruling establishes a crucial precedent for the sustainable management of natural resources and reinforces the importance of protecting the rights of nature to ensure a sustainable future for all generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to argue for the incorporation of human rights within the globalization process. Human rights are defined as societal aspirations for freedom and well-being, inherently possessing a global dimension. The following sections seek to elucidate the globalization of human rights through various lenses. Firstly, this paper traces the historical evolution of rights concepts, spanning from early modernity to contemporary times, emphasizing the emergence of divergent definitions that coexist in tension within the modern world. The latter part of the paper will delve into the "globalization of rights," focusing on the dissemination of universal human rights principles across diverse cultural landscapes. In the final segment, attention will be directed towards the emergence of novel institutional frameworks founded upon human rights principles, tasked with upholding these rights on a global scale. The terms "global civil society" and "transnational cosmopolitanism" frequently used to characterize these emerging structures, will be critically examined to discern the extent to which globalization has facilitated the formation of a global civil society, and to delineate the defining features of this nascent organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Byers v Saudi National Bank, the Supreme Court held that where a right is transferred in breach of trust and the beneficiary's beneficial interest in the right is extinguished by the transfer, a personal claim for knowing receipt is not available against the recipient. Lord Briggs and Lord Burrows offered different reasons for this conclusion. This note argues that their approaches, while superficially similar, could lead to divergent results in future cases. It argues that Lord Briggs' analysis is to be preferred, and is best understood to mean that a personal claim for knowing receipt is one for breach of a restorative duty or a custodial duty. Whilst Lord Briggs did not offer a justification for these duties, this note argues that these duties, and therefore the personal claim for knowing receipt, are justified by a third party knowingly depriving the beneficiary of the performance of their trustee's duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare state research over the past five decades has largely focused on two broad social policy pillars: (1) arrays of income programmes, such as social assistance, unemployment insurance, family allowances and pensions, and (2) a range of social services, including childcare, healthcare, social housing and education. However, an important cluster of policy measures, constituting a third policy pillar, has been largely neglected in the cross-national welfare state research to date, protective legislation. It comprises the networks of protective and regulatory laws and constitutional rights emplaced to secure and promote our welfare. Central to all social policy areas, these measures, including rent control policies, workplace health and safety laws, legislation preventing discrimination against people with disabilities and child corporal punishment bans, are distinct from laws that determine access to income programmes and social services or set out the terms of their provision. Rather, they constitute a standalone third category of policy measures, are key components of all welfare states and, depending upon how they are actualised, can be just as central to our well-being and the promotion of our welfare. They can also have compounding or synergistic interactions with policies in the other two policy pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship as an object of study goes beyond the mere recognition of formal rights and responsibilities and includes cultural and social practices in different spheres. In this sense, the exercise of citizenship is linked to different forms of political participation. Recent studies show that young people are distanced from traditional political participation and prefer alternative civic practices. Within this framework, the present study aims to investigate the social representations of citizenship of Argentinean adolescents (N = 32) aged between 16 and 18. To this end, participants were asked to elaborate a narrative about their experiences with citizenship in the framework of semi-structured interviews guided according to the Piagetian clinical method. The results obtained allow the construction of four analytical categories intended to describe how these adolescents represent citizenship: civic engagement, rights, nationality and voting. It is concluded that there is a plurality of social representations of this object, and it is necessary to elucidate their development, maintenance and transformation processes in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐production values lived experience as it promotes individuals as assets and offers insight where little is known about a problem. This paper critically considers the pragmatic approach to co‐design adopted in Wales with young people and parents affected by child criminal exploitation during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It suggests that combining co‐design with data collection facilitated the recruitment, sensitisation and facilitation of vulnerable groups. By placing informed consent at the forefront of co‐design, young people and parents decided how they wanted their voices heard. Further, combining data gathering with co‐design contextualised solution development within their lived experiences. However, embedding these solutions into policy and practice remains subject to existing power imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the peculiarities of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur in the course of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that an individual entrepreneur is the most popular form of doing business in Ukraine due to a fairly simple registration procedure, low administration costs, and the possibility to use the simplified taxation system The purpose of the article is to determine the main characteristics of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur. The author examines the interpretation of the concept of an individual entrepreneur in the legal literature. The author establishes that the legal status of an individual entrepreneur is the legal status which certifies the right of a citizen to engage in entrepreneurial activity, in particular, independent, systematic, initiative, at his/her own risk economic activity carried out by an entrepreneur with a view to achieving certain economic and social results and making a profit. The author considers the main legal acts regulating the activities of individual entrepreneurs in Ukraine, in particular, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Organisations», decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The author analyses the peculiarities of registration of individual entrepreneurs, their basic rights and obligations. The author identifies the peculiarities of taxation of activities of an individual entrepreneur, in particular, the peculiarities of the general and simplified taxation systems. The general taxation system provides for the payment of personal income tax on a progressive scale, as well as military duty and a single social contribution. The simplified taxation system is divided into several groups, each of which has its own restrictions on the amount of income and the number of employees. The most popular is the second group, which allows you to run a business without employees and with a limit on income up to a certain amount. The article briefly describes how the beginning of the full-scale invasion and martial law affected the activities of individual entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]