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Creatine is a supplement used by athletes and physical activity practitioners, however, the adverse effects of this supplement are still the subject of several scientific debates. Objective: To evaluate creatine supplementation associated with high-intensity strength training on kidney and liver biomarkers in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=24) were divided into four groups: sedentary (S); sedentary + creatine (SC); trained (T); trained + creatine (TC). The creatine groups were supplemented with 0.040g/kg/body weight of creatine. Strength training consisted of vertical jumps in a water tank, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected for renal and/or liver biochemical analysis. The One-way-ANOVA test was used with p< 0.05. Results: Training associated with creatine increased proteinuria in the TC group (16.38 ± 1.94 mg/24h) compared to the SC group (9.58±1.84 mg/24h) (p=0.02). Training, with or without creatine, was effective in increasing plasma lactate concentration in T (61.17 ± 2.7 mg/dL) and TC (82.2 ± 13.1 mg/dL) animals compared to sedentary animals. (40.17 ± 0.65 mg/dL) as well as creatinine and plasma osmolality and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). However, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations, glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) and the GOT/GPT ratio were not altered by strength exercise or creatine. Conclusion: The renal and hepatic changes evidenced appear to be caused by physiological adaptations to physical exercise and/or creatine supplementation, and not by injuries to these organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that accumulates in kidney and liver. L-carnitine(LC) is a natural compound that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-carnitine against cadmium-induced changes in liver and kidney tissues in prepubertal female rats. In this study 21-day-old female Wistar Albino rats were used. Control, cadmium (2 mg/kg cadmium intraperitoneally), L-carnitine (300 mg/kg orally) and cadmium+L-carnitine groups were formed. Liver and kidney tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome. Histological scoring was performed in liver and kidney. In the liver tissue given Cd, bile duct proliferation, inflammation cells and connective tissue in the portal area were decreased in treatment group. In kidneys, cadmium group treated with L-carnitine, it was observed that the capillary congestion in the kidneys decreased,but tubular dilatation continued in some places. In fibrosis scoring of the liver groups,statistically significant decrease was observed in the Cd+LC group compared to group of cadmium. In the histological scoring results of the kidney groups, statistically significant decrease in congestion and tubular epithelial degeneration was observed in the group treated with L-carnitine compared to group with cadmium. In conclusion medium-dose cadmium has toxic effects in liver and kidney of prepubertal female rats in subacute period,these effects are alleviated with L-carnitine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is an early-stage renal damage that can be detected by neutrophilic gelatinaseassociated lipocalin protein. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein as an early marker of Acute Kidney Injury. Methodology: narrative review following the PRISMA statement criteria. PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS were the databases consulted. Results: 23 articles published in the last five years were identified. The evidence shows that this protein has biochemical characteristics useful in the early diagnosis of renal injury in different situations and populations. Discussion: The behavior of NGAL has demonstrated its increase in plasma up to 2 hours after the onset of renal impairment. Likewise, its synthesis is not affected by variables such as sex, body mass index, high protein intake, excess physical activity, and alteration in glomerular filtration, which do modify Crs concentrations. Conclusions: Neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocalin meets the criteria to become an early biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solid Organ Transplant recipients (SOTR) appear to be at particular high risk for critical COVID-19 due to immunosuppressive drugs and comorbidities. We report the first description of clinical course and short-term outcomes of kidney and liver transplant recipients with confirmed COVID-19 in Mexico. Objective: The objective of this paper was evaluate the clinical course of transplant patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated SOTR (kidney and liver) over 18 years of age with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from tertiary care centers in Mexico. Results: Data from 45 kidney transplant recipients were recorded. Median (IQR) age was 43 (IQR 25-70) years. Admission to hospital was required in 37 (75.5 %) patients, of which 8 (16.3%) were hospitalized at Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) stage was documented in 33 (67%) patients. The time of hospitalization was 8 (IQR 6-12) days. Six patients died (12.2%). Additionally, data from 10 liver transplant recipients were included. During their evolution, 5 / 10 required hospital admission and there were no deaths in this group. Conclusions: Transplant recipients show a higher fatality rate and complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection; more studies are needed to identify prognostic factors and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with incidental kidney tumors detected in the pathological examination performed after simple nephrectomy due to a non-functioning kidney. Patients and methods: The pathology results of nephrectomy specimens from patients who underwent simple nephrectomy with the diagnosis of non-functioning kidney between January 2012 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Data regarding demographic information, imaging methods, and clinical and histopathological features of the patients were collected. The number of patients with incidental renal tumors was determined. Results: A total of 163 patients with nonfunctioning kidneys who underwent simple nephrectomy between January 2012 and March 2021 were included in the study. Sixty-nine (42.3%) patients were male and 94 (57.7%) patients were female. The most common complaint was flank pain (60.7%). The cause of the nonfunctioning kidney was urinary stones in 116 (71.2%) patients and ureteropelvic/ureterovesical junction stenosis in 21 (10.1%) patients. Incidental renal tumors were detected in 21 (12.9%) patients. Papillary adenoma was the most common renal tumor and was detected in 11 patients. Four patients had renal cell carcinoma and 4 patients had urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). Three of the patients with UCC had high grade invasive UCC with squamous differentiation and 1 patient had low grade papillary UCC. Conclusion: In non-functioning kidneys, kidney tumors may be overlooked due to radiological and clinical diagnostic difficulties. Therefore, careful macroscopic and microscopic histopathological evaluation is necessary to detect incidental renal tumors. Resumen: Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar las características de los pacientes con tumores renales incidentales detectados en el examen patológico realizado tras nefrectomía simple por riñón no funcionante. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente los resultados anatomopatológicos de las muestras de nefrectomía de pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía simple con diagnóstico de riñón no funcionante entre enero de 2012 y marzo de 2021. Se recopilaron datos sobre información demográfica, métodos de imagen y características clínicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes. Se determinó el número de pacientes con tumores renales incidentales. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 163 pacientes con riñones no funcionantes sometidos a nefrectomía simple entre enero de 2012 y marzo de 2021. Sesenta y nueve (42,3%) pacientes eran hombres y 94 (57,7%) pacientes eran mujeres. La queja más común fue el dolor en el flanco (60,7%). La causa del riñón no funcional fueron cálculos urinarios en 116 (71,2%) pacientes y estenosis de la unión ureteropélvica/ureterovesical en 21 (10,1%) pacientes. Se detectaron tumores renales incidentales en 21 (12,9%) pacientes. El adenoma papilar fue el tumor renal más común y se detectó en 11 pacientes. Cuatro pacientes tenían carcinoma de células renales y 4 pacientes tenían carcinoma de células uroteliales (CCU). Tres de los pacientes con ccu tenían CCU invasivo de alto grado con diferenciación escamosa y 1 paciente tenía ccu papilar de bajo grado. Conclusión: En riñones no funcionantes, los tumores renales pueden pasar desapercibidos debido a dificultades de diagnóstico clínico y radiológico. Por lo tanto, es necesaria una evaluación histopatológica macroscópica y microscópica cuidadosa para detectar tumores renales incidentales.

Objetivos: reportar un caso de diagnóstico prenatal de riñón ectópico intratorácico (REI) con hernia diafragmática y manejo quirúrgico neonatal, y hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre diagnóstico prenatal de REI y el pronóstico perinatal. Materiales y métodos: se reporta el caso de un feto de 28 semanas en el que se observó imagen ecográfica sugestiva de masa en hemitórax derecho que desplazaba corazón y pulmón; se confirmó que correspondía a un riñón intratorácico. Por laparoscopia, al recién nacido se le colocó una malla en continuidad con el diafragma dejando el riñón en el abdomen, con buena evolución. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Embase y Cochrane. Se buscaron cohortes, reportes y series de caso de gestaciones con diagnóstico prenatal de riñón intratorácico fetal. Se extrajo información del diseño, la población, el diagnóstico por imágenes, el tratamiento y el pronóstico. Resultados: en la búsqueda se identificaron 8 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que informan en total ocho casos. El diagnóstico ecográfico mostró REI asociado a hernia diafragmática en todos los sujetos. Se utilizó también la RM fetal en cinco casos. Seis neonatos sobrevivieron sin complicaciones, en uno hubo interrupción voluntaria del embarazo, y otro presentó sepsis y dificultad respiratoria, finalmente fue dado de alta en buenas condiciones. Conclusiones: el REI es una anomalía congénita susceptible de diagnóstico prenatal. La sobrevida a la cirugía correctora en el periodo neonatal es frecuente. La literatura disponible en torno al diagnóstico prenatal de REI es escasa y se limita a reportes de casos.

Introduction: Developmental programming predisposes the individual to suffer from diseases during adulthood. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the markers of the adverse intrauterine environment. Studies indicate that adverse intrauterine and immediate postnatal influences can generate structural and functional alterations in some organs, which will manifest themselves in later stages of life. Among these diseases is high blood pressure, in which the role of the kidney is demonstrated. Objective: To systematize studies that assess the changes that occur in kidney morphology and function in individuals with low birth weight. Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out from May to September 2022. The Virtual Regional Health Library and the PubMed and SciELO Cuba databases were consulted. Results: A total of 114 articles were recovered, of which 16 were selected taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Morphometric variables of the kidney were evaluated in 13 articles, and renal function was evaluated in 7 of them. The articles reviewed deal with research carried out under very varied experimental conditions. In most of them, it has been demonstrated that LBW causes renal morphofunctional changes. Conclusions: The number of nephrons was found to be reduced. The intensity of glomerular filtration was not found to be different for the entire renal mass, but it was increased for the isolated nephron. Early extrauterine nutrition is important. It is evident that the cause and nature of the disturbance of the maternal-fetal environment must be taken into account.

Introducción: la enfermedad renal relacionada con IgG4 (ERR-IgG4) presenta una prevalencia del 8 al 24%, es más frecuente en el sexo masculino (73-87%), con una edad media de 65 años. Objetivos: determinar los hallazgos del compromiso renal y su frecuencia en pacientes con enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 (ER-IgG4); describir y comparar las características demográficas, clínicas, datos de laboratorio y tratamiento entre pacientes con ER-IgG4 con afectación renal versus sin afectación renal. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes con compromiso renal (ERR-IgG4) en una cohorte de pacientes con ER-IgG4. Los datos se recolectaron mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Se describen parámetros clínicos basales, hallazgos histológicos y radiológicos, y tratamientos. Resultados: de 44 pacientes con ER-IgG4, 6 (13,6%) tenían ERR-IgG4 con una edad de 50,8±17,1 años y 4 eran mujeres. Todos presentaron compromiso en otros órganos. Los hallazgos radiológicos más comunes fueron las lesiones de baja densidad en la tomografía. A 3 pacientes se les realizó biopsia renal, siendo el principal diagnóstico histopatológico la nefritis tubulointersticial por IgG4. Todos los pacientes recibieron tratamiento con glucocorticoides e inmunosupresores como manejo inicial. Los pacientes con enfermedad renal, a diferencia de aquellos sin compromiso renal, mostraron mayor número de órganos afectados y niveles séricos de IgG2, IgG3, y nivel más bajo de C3. Conclusiones: en general, las características de los pacientes con ER-IgG4 y compromiso renal fueron similares a los trabajos publicados.

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Argentine Society of Rheumatology/Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología is the property of Editorial Biotecnologica S.R.L and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La recurrencia de la litiasis renal ha venido en aumento haciendo necesario implementar estrategias preventivas que impliquen el reconocimiento de los principales factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con litiasis renal y su recurrencia en pacientes de la ciudad de Cartagena. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes entre 18 y 80 años con litiasis renal y recurrencia durante 2018 y 2019 en Cartagena. La muestra son 163 pacientes que cumplen con los criterios de elegibilidad. La fuente de información para el estudio es una fuente mixta que se obtuvo por un instrumento semiestructurado y la revisión de la historia clínica de pacientes en los servicios de consulta externa y cirugía. Se realizaron análisis univariado y bivariados con los cálculos de riesgo para el caso de la recurrencia de esta patología. Resultados: En la población de estudio 44,6 % presentó litiasis por primer episodio, 38,9 % evidencia recurrencia de este evento en segundo episodio y 16,6 % recurrencia en tercer episodio. Las variables asociadas a recurrencias de litiasis renal son sobrepeso, hipertensión, consumo de café y lácteos como la leche. El consumo de medicamentos para el dolor y jugos cítricos estuvieron presentes en este grupo de pacientes. Conclusiones: El sobrepeso y la hipertensión arterial constituyen factores de riesgo tanto para un primer episodio, como para la recurrencia de la litiasis renal; esta recurrencia se ve aumentada por hábitos alimenticios como el consumo de cítricos, lácteos y el abuso de fármacos.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lesión renal aguda (LRA) se define como una disminución en la capacidad que tienen los riñones para eliminar los productos nitrogenados de desecho, se instaura en horas o pocos días ocasionando aumento de la creatininemia y disminución del volumen urinario, aunque también puede presentarse con volumen urinario normal. La definición modificada de Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; KDIGO incluye la diuresis y el aumento de creatininemia como criterios diagnósticos para LRA OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de LRA en recién nacidos pretérmino (RNPT) con peso al nacer menor o igual a 1600 gramos internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini desde enero a diciembre de 2022. Caracterizar la población de RNPT que desarrolló LRA en función de las alteraciones en la diuresis y terapia de reemplazo renal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron RNPT con peso ≤ a 1600 gramos. A los pacientes incluidos se le registraron los valores de creatininemia obtenidos durante su período de internación. Se calculó la prevalencia de LRA. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 3066 recién nacidos vivos en el año 2022. Fueron incluidos 57 prematuros. Se diagnosticó LRA en 6 pacientes. La prevalencia de LRA en RNPT, en el período estudiado fue de 10,5 %. CONCLUSIÓN: La creatinina sérica es el biomarcador de rutina más utilizado en la práctica clínica para evaluar la función renal. Cumple de manera ineficiente con los requisitos para valorar la LRA dado que mide filtrado glomerular y no daño renal. Es fundamental incorporar biomarcadores tempranos y específicos para el diagnóstico oportuno de esta patología.

Objectives: To report a case of prenatal diagnosis of ectopic intrathoracic kidney with diaphragmatic hernia managed surgically after birth, and to conduct a review of the literature on prenatal diagnosis of ectopic intrathoracic kidney and perinatal prognosis. Material and methods: We report the case of a 28-week fetus in which, on ultrasound imaging, a mass was observed displacing the heart and lung in the right hemithorax, which was was confirmed by magnetic resonance (MR) to be an ITEK. After birth, the neonate was approached by laparoscopy to place a mesh in continuity with the diaphragm, leaving the kidney in the abdomen, with good evolution. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for cohorts, case reports and case series of prenatal diagnosis of intrathoracic kidney in the fetus. Information was retrieved regarding design, population, imaging diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Results: The search identified 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 8 cases. Ultrasound diagnosis showed ectopic intrathoracic kidney associated with diaphragmatic hernia in all the subjects. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also used in 5 cases. Conclusions: Ectopic intrathoracic kidney is a congenital abnormality amenable to prenatal diagnosis. Survival after corrective surgery performed in the neonatal period is common. There is a paucity of publications, limited to case reports, regarding the prenatal diagnosis of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) exerts balancing the intracellular level between two-second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, by its phosphorylation activity. DGK z is often localized in cell nuclei, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of intranuclear activities, including mitosis and apoptosis. The present immunohistochemical study of rat kidneys first revealed no detection levels of DGK z -immunoreactivity in nuclei of most proximal tubule epithelia in contrast to its distinct occurrence in cell nuclei of collecting and distal tubules with the former more dominant. This finding suggests that DGK z is a key factor regulating vulnerability to acute kidney injury in various renal tubules: its low expression represents the high vulnerability of proximal tubule cells, and its distinct expression does the resistance of collecting and distal tubule cells. In addition, this isozyme was more or less localized in nuclei of cells forming glomeruli as well as in endothelial nuclei of peritubular capillaries and other intrarenal blood vessels, and epithelial nuclei of glomerular capsules (Bowman's capsules) and renal calyces, including intrarenal interstitial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes in the microcirculation of multiple tissues and organs have been implicated as a possible mechanism in physiological aging. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor is a secretory protein responsible for regulating angiogenesis via altering endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, extracellular matrix degradation and cell permeability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of morphological alterations caused by physiological aging in the heart and kidney and to examine its relation to changes in capillary density. We used two age groups of healthy Wistar rats - 6- and 12-monthold. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was examined through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and assessed semi-quantitatively. Changes in capillary density were evaluated statistically and correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. We reported stronger immunoreactivity for vascular endothelial growth factor in the left compared to the right ventricle and also observed an increase in its expression in both ventricles in older animals. Contrasting results were reported for the renal cortex and medulla. Capillary density decreased statistically in all examined structures as aging progressed. The studied correlations were statistically significant in the two ventricles in 12-month-old animals and in the renal cortex of both age groups. Our results shed light on some changes in the microcirculation that take place as aging advances and likely contribute to impairment in the function of the examined organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Urologia is the property of Sociedad Chilena de Urologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Renal ischemia (I) could develop due to decreased or ceased blood flow to the kidney in some clinical conditions such as shock, sepsis, and kidney transplantation. The re-supply of blood to the kidney is called reperfusion (R). Ischemia and reperfusion periods can cause severe kidney damage. Objectives: When we examined the I/R molecular progression, antioxidant molecules such as vitamin A seem promising treatment agents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A on renal I/R injury. Material and Methods: In the study, 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups (n=8): the control group, only I/R, I/R+1000, I/R+3000, and I/R+9000 IU/kg of Vitamin A groups. Vitamin A was administrated to each group for seven days via oral gavage. Blood and kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment. We took blood samples for Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels, and determined their values. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin/eosin to examine the renal changes histopathologically and stereologically under a light microscope. Results: Histopathological changes caused by I/R were decreased with vitamin A administration in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Vitamin A administration decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and CAT activities (p<0.05). The most effective dose among treatment groups was 9000 IU/kg. There was no significant difference between the controls and all other groups regarding BUN and Cr concentrations. Conclusions: Consequently, administration of vitamin A after renal I/R reduced the histological damage and ameliorated the antioxidant state. These results showed that vitamin A could be a promising agent in treating I/R-induced acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and objectives: Prevalence of hypertension increases as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines. Renalase metabolizes catecholamines and have an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of kidney transplantation on renalase levels and BP in kidney donors and recipients. Materials and methods: Twenty kidney transplant recipients and their donors were included in the study. Serum renalase levels and ambulatory BP values were measured in both donors and recipients before and after transplantation. Factor associated with change in renalase and BP levels were also evaluated. Results: In donors; mean GFR and hemoglobin levels decreased while night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels and serum renalase levels increased simultaneously after nephrectomy. Day-time SBP and DBP levels did not changed and the night/day ratio of mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly. In recipients, mean GFR increased, while mean serum renalase levels, creatinine and BP levels decreased after transplantation. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in MAP correlated with alteration in serum renalase levels and GFR. Conclusions: After transplantation, serum renalase levels increased in donors and decreased in recipients. The renalase levels are associated with change in MAP and circadian rhythm of BP in donors and recipients. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La prevalencia de la hipertensión aumenta a medida que la velocidad de filtración glomerular (VFG) disminuye. La renalasa metaboliza las catecolaminas y tiene una función importante en la regulación de la presión arterial (PA). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del trasplante de riñón en los niveles de renalasa y PA en donantes y receptores de riñón. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio se incluyeron veinte receptores de riñón y sus donantes. Se midieron los niveles séricos de renalasa y los valores de PA ambulatorios en donantes y receptores, antes y después del trasplante. También se evaluaron los factores asociados a la alteración de los niveles de renalasa y PA. Resultados: En donantes; la VFG media y los niveles de hemoglobina disminuyeron, mientras que la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) y los niveles séricos de renalasa durante la noche aumentaron simultáneamente después de la nefrectomía. Los niveles de PAS y PAD no cambiaron durante el día y el cociente noche/día de la presión arterial media (PAM) aumentó significativamente. En los receptores, la VFG media aumentó, mientras que los niveles séricos de renalasa, la creatinina y los niveles de PA disminuyeron después del trasplante. El análisis de correlación reveló que los cambios de la PAM se correlacionaron con la alteración de los niveles séricos de renalasa y la VFG. Conclusiones: Tras el trasplante, los niveles séricos de renalasa aumentaron en los donantes y disminuyeron en los receptores. Los niveles de renalasa se asocian a cambios en la PAM y al ritmo circadiano de la PA en donantes y receptores.

Introduction: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney (PNETk) is a very aggressive rare disease that mainly affects young men. Case report: A 19-year-old male patient with symptoms of abdominal pain, hematuria and a palpable mass, the tomography shows a large left renal tumor. Conventional radical nephrectomy was performed and sent for pathology study plus histochemistry, resulting in PNETk. The patient then continued his oncology management for chemotherapy initially. Conclusion: The PNETk that we describe represents the first case reported in our country, it constitutes a unique clinical entity due to its rarity, being a challenge to make a diagnosis and its behavior and management is still based on case reports due to its infrequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Renal ischemia (I) could develop due to decreased or ceased blood flow to the kidney in some clinical conditions such as shock, sepsis, and kidney transplantation. The re-supply of blood to the kidney is called reperfusion (R). Ischemia and reperfusion periods can cause severe kidney damage. Objectives: When we examined the I/R molecular progression, antioxidant molecules such as vitamin A seem promising treatment agents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A on renal I/R injury. Material and Methods: In the study, 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups (n=8): the control group, only I/R, I/R+1000, I/R+3000, and I/R+9000 IU/kg of Vitamin A groups. Vitamin A was administrated to each group for seven days via oral gavage. Blood and kidney tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment. We took blood samples for Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels, and determined their values. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin/eosin to examine the renal changes histopathologically and stereologically under a light microscope. Results: Histopathological changes caused by I/R were decreased with vitamin A administration in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Vitamin A administration decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and CAT activities (p<0.05). The most effective dose among treatment groups was 9000 IU/kg. There was no significant difference between the controls and all other groups regarding BUN and Cr concentrations. Conclusions: Consequently, administration of vitamin A after renal I/R reduced the histological damage and ameliorated the antioxidant state. These results showed that vitamin A could be a promising agent in treating I/R-induced acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal and perirenal abscesses are part of a grupo rare infections in Pediatrics, whose consequences can be serious, from sepsis to kidneyloss. These entities do not have a specific clinic. The evolution and prognosis of the patient will depend on its proper diagnosis. In this article, the clinical case of a four year old girl is presented, with a diagnosis of bilateral and multiple renal abscess, after a prolonged febrile episode. This case is of interest due to the low frequency of this diagnosis in child hood, the exceptiona lform of presentation as a multiple abscess, due to wha tultrasound meant in its management since the CT images did not offer new contributions and also due to the therapeutic be havior conservative imposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronaviruses are a large family of single-stranded ARN viruses that infect a wide variety of animals, including humans. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for the disease called COVID-19, has infected 27,249,308 people and caused 890,971 deaths worldwide until September 7, 2020. Considering the genetic similarities between SARSCoV- 2 and the epidemic coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS, presumably they share tropisms for specific cell lines and systemic conditions. The clinical and paraclinical characteristics of this new virus have been described in detail at the pulmonary level, although there is increasing evidence that it is a multisystemic agent. In the present work, we describe the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 reported to date, including hematological, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, muscular, ophthalmological, endocrine-metabolic, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, cutaneous and in special populations: pediatric (including multisystemic inflammatory syndrome) and pregnant women. It is essential to know the systemic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection when managing these patients, given the potential risk to life of the most serious manifestations. Therefore, it is advisable to consider them in a targeted manner and provide timely treatment as far as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We are assisting to an increase in survival rates among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Until now, renal involvement was a minority issue, but with the rise in life expectancy, we will likely see an increase in its prevalence. Our main objective was to assess renal function in CF and study risk factors associated with its deterioration., Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted, including adults with CF. Clinical, respiratory function, microbiological, blood and urine analysis, and major chronic treatments received were collected., Results: Eighty nine patients with a mean age of 35±12 years were analyzed. Mean serum creatinine levels were 0.8±0.2mg/dL. 10.6% had a glomerular filtration rate less than 90mL/min/1.73m 2 . No patient showed albuminuria. In multivariate model, only age was an independent risk factor for reduced glomerular filtration (OR: 0.344; 95%CI: 0.004-0.017; P=.002)., Conclusions: 11% of CF adults show decreased glomerular filtration, with age being the sole independent risk factor. Vigilance for this uncommon condition is crucial., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Perinatal asphyxia is an event with far-reaching consequences that can lead not only to the development of neonatal encephalopathy, but also to multiple organ failure (MOF). This ailment may result from the redistribution of blood flow, which would preserve the perfusion of vital organs such as the heart, brain and adrenal glands at the expense of other organs.The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and aetiopathogenesis of failure in the organs most frequently involved in neonatal MOF following perinatal asphyxia.We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases using the MeSH terms (ischemia AND hypoxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*), (asphyxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*) and (liver/kidney/digestive OR gastrointestinal/heart injury AND ischemia AND hypoxia AND neonat*). We selected clinical and preclinical studies published after 2000 and excluded case series, letters to the editor, cohort studies without comparison groups and abstracts.In this study, we found that MOF associated with perinatal asphyxia is a frequent phenomenon with a relevant impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality, as it can cause changes not only in the kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract, but also cardiomyopathy if the ailment is protracted or severe. Resumen: La asfixia perinatal es un acontecimiento con efectos de gran alcance, pudiendo conducir no solo al desarrollo de encefalopatía neonatal, sino también a un fallo multiorgánico (FMO). Esta afectación posiblemente se deba a la redistribución del flujo sanguíneo, mediante el cual se conserva la irrigación de órganos vitales como el corazón, el cerebro y las glándulas suprarrenales, a expensas de su disminución en otros órganos.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la incidencia y la etiopatogenia de los órganos más frecuentemente afectados en el FMO neonatal tras la asfixia perinatal.Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y The Cochrane Library empleando los términos MeSH (ischemia AND hypoxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*), (asphyxia AND multiorgan dysfunction AND neonat*) y (liver/kidney/digestive OR gastrointestinal/heart injury AND ischemia AND hypoxia AND neonat*). Se incluyeron trabajos clínicos y preclínicos posteriores al año 2000 y se excluyeron series de casos, cartas al director, cohortes sin grupo comparador y abstracts.En el presente trabajo describimos que el fallo multiorgánico asociado a la asfixia perinatal es un fenómeno frecuente y relevante en la morbimortalidad del neonato, pudiendo llegar a producir no solo alteraciones en riñón, hígado y tracto gastrointestinal, sino también miocardiopatía si el fenómeno se prolonga o es de elevada gravedad.

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Este trabajo pretende evaluar las funciones cognitivas y características de Resonancia Magnética de cerebro (RM) en pacientes con IRCT al momento del trasplante y un año después del procedimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes con IRCT en hemodiálisis y en lista de espera para trasplante renal. Fueron evaluados dentro de los 7 días peritrasplante con RM de cerebro y Evaluación Cognitiva (EC). Ambos procedimientos se repitieron al año del trasplante, siendo cada paciente su propio control. Como conclusión se observa una alta prevalencia de DC identificado. El patrón cognitivo predominante fue subcortical. La RM de cerebro fue anormal en un elevado porcentaje de los casos. Al año, el control evidenció evolución favorable en ambas, las condiciones cognitivas y afectivas, con persistencia de las anormalidades en neuroimágenes, lo que indicaría que las alteraciones se deberían a la función renal alterada o a variables asociadas con la hemodiálisis y menos relacionadas a lesiones cerebrales estructurales.

La glomerulonefritis aguda postinfecciosa (GNAPI) es un síndrome mediado inmunológicamente, donde ocurre una lesión glomerular en respuesta a una infección extra renal, la cual en el 95% de los casos es secundaria a una infección faríngea o cutánea, causada por el Estreptococo Beta hemolítico del grupo A. Su prevalencia es mayor en países en vías de desarrollo y se presenta generalmente en población pediátrica entre los 5 y 12 años. Su manifestación clínica es variable, históricamente las principales manifestaciones de la enfermedad son hematuria, edema e hipertensión arterial, síntomas que en conjunto son conocidos como la “triada clínica” nefrítica. En cuanto a la patogenia de GNAPI, ésta es multifactorial; siendo la formación de inmunocomplejos in situ en el espacio subepitelial glomerular ocasionado una reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo III, el mecanismo de mayor relevancia. El diagnóstico es esencialmente clínico, con la corroboración de enfermedad ligada a Estreptococo, mediante distintas pruebas como niveles Anti-DNAasa-B, ASO y C3. El tratamiento la GNAPI se basa en el medidas de soporte, ya que por lo general es un cuadro auto limitado. La restricción hidrosalina y la utilización de fármacos como diuréticos son el tratamiento base en nuestro medio; en algunos casos la utilización de antihipertensivos es necesaria. Es una patología con excelente pronóstico, recurrencia infrecuente y muy baja tasa de complicaciones . En caso de persistencia de afecciones posterior al tiempo estipulado, es pertinente referir a tercer nivel para recibir atención especializada de nefrólogo pediátrico.

El procesamiento tridimensional y la reconstrucción de las regiones anatómicas a partir de imágenes médicas permiten aplicar un conjunto de técnicas de segmentación y filtrado para para realizar posteriormente reconstrucciones volumétricas y así generar representaciones computacionales en 3D de la anatomía humana, que es útil en el campo de la medicina para facilitar análisis de las estructuras del cuerpo humano. En este artículo, se realizó una reconstrucción 3D a partir de la segmentación, basada en la diferenciación por área, del órgano(riñón) y estructuras óseas de una serie de imágenes de un TAC abdominal. También, implementamos una interfaz interactiva para la visualización de los planos (frontal, sagital y transversal). La interfaz que muestra los diferentes planos y también carga la reconstrucción 3D que se generó en un proceso aparte, da la opción al usuario de seleccionar cualquier estudio TAC que tenga almacenado en su ordenador. Este procedimiento, según el campo de aplicación, complementa la interacción y análisis de estructuras anatómicas al médico, permite planificar un tratamiento oportuno que ayudará al análisis preoperatorio de patologías complejas y la formulación de estrategias quirúrgicas.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent inducing liver and kidney damage. In this study, we intended to investigate the impact of kefir beverage, an essential probiotic and functional food, on liver and kidney damage induced by cisplatin. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control, Cisplatin (single dose of 7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), Kefir (2 ml/d, 7 d, oral gavage), and Cisplatin+Kefir (CK). At the end of day 7, animals were euthanized. Blood, kidney, and liver tissue samples were collected. For both tissues, biochemically ALT, AST, Urea, Creatine; histomorphologically, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, were performed. Serum urea and creatinine levels of the Cisplatin group were significantly higher than the Control group (p<0.05). In the CK group, kefir consumption decreased urea and creatinin levels approached to Control and Kefir groups. Cisplatin resulted in higher ALT and AST activities, indicating hepatocellular damage, compared to the Control group (p<0.05). Kefir consumption decreased ALT activities approached to both the Control and Kefir group. Histomorphological observations were in agreement biochemical results. In liver and kidney tissues, structural damage was observed with an increase in collagen fibers in the Cisplatin group, and Caspase-3 activity was immunohistochemically higher than in the other groups. In the CK group, collagen fiber increase, structural damage, and Caspase-3 activities were less than in the Cisplatin group. Kefir consumption alleviated liver and kidney damage. However, more research is required to understand such effect of kefir better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: leptospirosis is one of the endemic zoonoses in Cuba, causing human, animal and economic losses, making it a significant health problem. Rats are a very remarkable vector. Experimental work to study fetal renal alterations in the Wistar rats has not been carried out in Cuba. Objective: to identify the main renal morphometric alterations in fetuses of Wistar rats infected with serovar Leptospira canicola, at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Rio in the period between 2017-2019. Method: an experimental study was carried out in pregnant Wistar rats: 2 groups with three animals each: the experimental group with a dose of bacterial concentration of 300 million leptospires per milliliter; 1 ml was inoculated to each one, infecting them with strains of Leptospira canicola. The kidneys of fetuses extracted by cesarean section were studied, and the variables: renal length and kidney weight were analyzed. Results: the results obtained confirmed kidney damage caused by Leptospira canicola both in the major and minor axis of both kidneys, as well as variations in the weight of the infected pups. Conclusions: leptospiral infection in pregnant Wistar rats causes alterations in the kidneys of the fetuses, bringing changes in the morphometry of both the major and minor axes, as well as in the body weight of the fetus, which leads to a decrease in renal weight.

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Con el objetivo de describir los cambios funcionales y morfológicos tempranos en el riñón remanente de donantes vivos, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, en el que se incluyeron 55 individuos. De las historias clínicas, se obtuvieron los datos clínicos y demográficos, así como la depuración de creatinina, la proteinuria, la presión arterial y las dimensiones renales a los 1, 2, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de la donación del riñón. La edad media fue de 40,88 (±9,84) años; el 80% eran mujeres y el índice de masa corporal medio fue de 25,68 (±3,5) kg/m2. Se utilizaron modelos lineales y cuadráticos para estudiar las variables fisiológicas y morfológicas. Durante el tiempo de seguimiento, la tasa de filtración glomerular, la proteinuria, la presión arterial diastólica y la longitud de los riñones mostraron cambios significativos (p 0,05).

Presentado en sesión de 17 de mayo de 1961

Presentado en sesión de 8 de agosto de 1962

Presentado en sesión de 31 de octubre de 1962

Presentado en sesión de 30 de setiembre de 1959

Foundation: intrauterine growth restriction constitutes a complication of pregnancy. Newborns with this condition are exposed to an increased risk of perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to evaluate morphological markers of hypoxia in fetal and kidney development, using a model of placental insufficiency treated with human erythropoietin with low sialic acid content (neuro-Epo) in rats. Methods: three groups of gestated rats from the Wistar line were used. A control group (group I) and two experimental groups (groups II and III) with six rats each. Rats of groups II and III had uterine artery ligation on day 16 of pregnancy (E 16). Group III from E16 to E19 was administered a dose of 0.5 mg / kg / day of neuro-Epo subcutaneously and group II was administered placebo. On the 20th day of gestation the fetuses and their placentas were weighed. The fetuses’ size and cephalic diameters were measured. Morphometric and histological features in the fetal kidney were studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining and PAS. A qualitative histopathological analysis of their cell types was performed. Results: fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction did not improve growth markers. Hypoxia lesions were found in the fetal kidney of the untreated RCIU group that improved by administering neuro-Epo. Conclusions: the administration of neuro-Epo only showed reparative and protective effects on histological alterations caused by hypoxia in the fetal kidney.

Presentado en sesión de 7 de julio 1954

Presentado en sesión de 27 de junio de 1951

Presentado en la Sesión del miércoles 22 de mayo de 1946.

Presentado en la Sesión del 25 de Junio de 1941.

Presentado en sesión de 25 de setiembre de 1940