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The gender perspective (GP) aims to generate social change by questioning the stereotypes and roles assigned to individuals and addressing biases and related issues. In Chile, it has been promoted through public policies (Law No.21.369). For this reason, the Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation Pedagogy program at a state university has adjusted its curricular activities. Rhythmic gymnastics (RG), a sport traditionally considered exclusive to women and previously taught only to "them", must now be taken by all people, regardless of their gender. This research, project funded by the Metropolitan University of Chile DIUMCE01-2024-EFA, analyzes the opinions of 50 students about RG in their curriculum and its relationship with GP prior to taking the course. The study follows a qualitative case study approach, applying semantic content analysis with emergent categories to the responses. The student body presents a favorable attitude toward the curricular activity, expressing interest in applying it within their professional field. They state that sports should be practiced without gender differentiation. They recognize that there are social biases linked to gender stereotypes. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge of RG implies prejudices, such as feeling uncoordinated, inflexible, and uncomfortable when working on corporal expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the training systems for athletes across various specializations, enhancing coordination skills is crucial, particularly in sports requiring complex coordination. Purpose. To develop and test a methodology for improving coordination skills in 6-7-year-old girls engaged in rhythmic gymnastics, tailored to the characteristics of their autonomic nervous regulation. Material and methods. The study involved 40 girls (6.4 ± 1.8 years old) in their first year of rhythmic gymnastics at the initial training stage. Based on the Kerdo index, which characterizes autonomic nervous regulation types, a control group (CG, n = 19) was identified. These athletes followed the federal standard training program. The experimental group (EG, n = 21) participated in a program designed to develop coordination skills, tailored to the specific features of autonomic regulation. The methodology comprised sets of physical exercises, techniques, and methodological approaches, which were applied differentially to athletes with sympathicotonic and parasympathicotonic types of autonomic nervous regulation. In both groups, milestone assessments were performed to evaluate the development of static and dynamic coordination, as well as overall physical fitness. Results. Analysis of the milestone testing results revealed that in the EG, where the proposed methodology for developing coordination skills was applied, the test scores were significantly higher than those in the CG. Athletes with a sympathicotonic type of autonomic regulation achieved better results in motor coordination tests, while those with a parasympathicotonic type excelled in static coordination tests. Athletes with a higher level of coordination development also demonstrated superior results in general physical fitness tests compared to the girls in the CG. Conclusions. It is more effective to develop and improve coordination skills in young gymnasts by considering the identified features of their autonomic nervous regulation. This approach not only improves coordination abilities but also contributes to a higher overall level of physical fitness in the athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The practice of sports is not always associated with the concept of health. Rhythmic gymnastics often witnesses athletes adopting unhealthy eating habits. This may lead to eating disorders. Aims: This study aims to evaluate a sample of rhythmic gymnasts from Southern Italy in terms of eating habits, eating disorders, and menstrual cycles disorders. Methods: Girls under 19 years of age who practice rhythmic gymnastics answered two questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26); and the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE). An health questionnaire was also proposed. Results: The participants had a mean body mass index of 17.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2; 33.33% of the gymnasts reported a score ≥ 20 in the EAT, indicating a possible eating disorder. On the BITE Symptom subscale, 6.7% of the gymnasts had a score between 10 and 19 (abnormal eating habits); 10% scored ≥ 20 (highly disordered eating possible binge eating). Some gymnasts presented altered menstrual cycle. Conclusion: the findings emphasize the need for special attention to eating disorders, menstrual alteration, and education among rhythmic gymnasts. Coaches and team managers should institute monitoring and preventive measures to address these issues as athletes transition into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport of asymmetry and lateral preferences, so the main objective of this study was to examine and compare hip and shoulder range of motion (ROM) and inter-limb asymmetry in 44 rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) and 51 age-matched non-athletes (NAs), i.e. controls. The baseline characteristics of 95 female participants, divided into two age- group categories (U8: 6-8 years, N=36; U11: 8-11 years, N=59) were established, as well as their hip (right/left hip flexion, right/left hip extension, right/left hip abduction, in °) and shoulder ROM (right/left shoulder flexion, right/left shoulder extension, in °), and asymmetry index (ASI, in %) was calculated. Significant differences between RGs and NAs were established (the exception is hip and shoulder extension in U8s, p>0.05), with greater ROM values recorded in RGs. Significant age differences were recorded among RGs in hip flexion and left hip abduction (p<0.05), in favor of U11s, and within NAs only in the case of right hip flexion (p=0.017), but in favor of U8s. The presence of asymmetries (ASI>15%), as well as its absence, is established in both RGs and NAs, but statistically significant side-to-side differences were recorded in U8 NAs (shoulder flexion, p=0.044) and U11 NAs (shoulder extension, p=0.057). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science of Gymnastics Journal is the property of Science of Gymnastics Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to: build and record a measure of cognitive participation among second-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey style for the research sample. The sample was selected from female students and divided into: (10) female students for the survey sample, and (80) female students for the construction and codification sample. The data were statistically analyzed by the researchers using SPSS, the T-test for independent and correlated samples, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, Chi-square, and Spearman-Brown. They were recruited for the samples. The study concluded that constructing a measure of cognitive participation for students in the second stage could be applied through the ease and difficulty of its expressions that are appropriate to the research sample, as well as the grades and levels that were reached, which showed that the sample fell within the rating (good and acceptable), and on the other hand the sample was characterized by participation. Cognitive through the results of the scale and its four axes. In conclusion, cognitive participation plays a positive role in performing the ball movement sequence in rhythmic gymnastics.

Rhythmic gymnastics, a distinguished discipline within the Olympic sports family, exemplifies a sophisticated blend of athleticism and artistic expression, categorizing it as a technicalcombinatory sport where precise motor control is paramount. This study investigates the relationship between academic performance in subjects requiring logical and mathematical reasoning and the proficiency of gymnasts in handling rhythmic gymnastics apparatus. Through the analysis of statistical data and mathematical assessments, the research aims to determine the impact of mathematical skills on executing complex and high-risk elements in rhythmic gymnastics routines. The findings reveal a significant correlation between mathematical test scores and gymnasts' performance, indicating that cognitive abilities in logical and mathematical reasoning substantially enhance the athletes' capability to perform intricate maneuvers with precision and control. This suggests that success in rhythmic gymnastics is not solely dependent on physical attributes but is also significantly influenced by cognitive skills. These results underscore the importance of integrating cognitive training into athletic preparation to achieve excellence in rhythmic gymnastics.

Background and Study Aim. In the context of modern requirements for rhythmic gymnastics training, special attention is given to the development of methodologies for mastering ball exercise techniques with consideration for the health of young gymnasts. The goal of this research is to create specialized exercise complexes that contribute to safe and effective training in ball handling techniques among girls aged 8-9 years, with a focus on their physical health safety." Materials and Methods. The study involved 20 young gymnasts aged 8-9 years, who were part of basic training groups. Over the course of five months (from January to May 2023), the gymnasts performed specially designed exercise complexes aimed at maintaining and improving their technique and physical condition. The girls executed the proposed exercise complexes twice a week (a total of 40 sessions). The effectiveness of the methodologies was assessed through pedagogical testing of the performance of key ball exercises. The following were selected as control exercises: a large roll-over across the hands and chest forward, a large roll-over across the hands and back, an 'eight' forward with a wheeling hand movement, a high throw and catch. All control exercises were performed with both the right and left hand and were evaluated on a 5-point scale. Results. The analysis of the results showed that the proposed methodologies significantly improve the performance of complex elements, such as rolls and ball throws. Progress in performing these elements with the left hand was especially notable. It was found that the greatest difficulties occur when performing sets of exercises with the ball, in particular, large rolls and high throws. The most significant improvement was observed in the scores for the "large roll-over forward with the left hand" test (at p

Movement training is thought to be very important in terms of learning both basic motor skills and new techniques in sports branches. Rhythmic gymnastics apparatus technique applications, which is a widely used method in movement training; it aims to display predetermined choreography in harmony with various tools. In this context, the aim of this experimental study is to examine the effect of rhythmic gymnastics equipment technique, which is predicted to be a good tool to improve reaction performance for movement educators and athletes, on various hand and foot reaction parameters. A total of 42 female athletes, including 22 experimental group members who had not previously practiced rhythmic gymnastics and 20 control group members, were included in the study on voluntary basis. The reaction performances of the athletes were determined using the ÇAĞIN Hand and Foot Reaction Test. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 package program using Repeated Measures-ANOVA and descriptive statistics. In the pretest-posttest results of the reaction time of the individuals, it was determined that the hand simple and discriminative reaction time and foot discriminative reaction time of the experimental group decreased significantly (p<0.05). In the pretest-posttest results regarding the individuals’ correct reaction rates, it was determined that only the foot selective reaction correct rate of the experimental group increased significantly (p<0.05). As a result of the study, it was observed that the application of the apparatus technique generally positively affected the athletes’ hand and foot reaction times and the accuracy of the reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of M-Gym media in enhancing the learning experience of rhythmic gymnastics for students and lecturers in Indonesia. The development of M-Gym media integrates interactive digital tools and structured instructional content to support the pedagogical process in rhythmic gymnastics education. The research employed a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative assessments and qualitative feedback to evaluate the impact of M-Gym on learning outcomes. Quantitative data were collected through pretest and posttest evaluations to measure the improvement in students' performance and understanding of rhythmic gymnastics. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews and focus group discussions with students and lecturers, providing insights into their experiences and perceptions of using M-Gym in the learning process. The results showed a significance of (p=0.000

The work devoted to human posture recognition during rapid movements and complex non-standard poses due to the large number of limbs involved in the movement. Rhythmic gymnastics was chosen as the subject area and, accordingly, the specifics of the judge's assessment of the athlete's performance. Many synchronized videos with fast movements and sequences of complex poses from different angles allows us to form a data set necessary for further research and implementation of the results obtained both in socially important industries and in the market of commercial services using artificial intelligence technologies. A computer system has been developed that can be used to increase the objectivity of sports judging at rhythmic gymnastics competitions, as well as to become an alternative to the traditional judging system in the case of competitions held in a remote format. By scaling up the task, the system can also be used to diagnose problems with the human nervous system and musculoskeletal system. As a result of the research, a dataset depicting the performance of sports elements was collected and structured. The peculiarities of the mediapipe and ViTPose models were identified and the best solution for preprocessing the prepared set was chosen. The main result of this work is a built and trained model for classifying sports elements, which classifies 7 elements with an accuracy of 0.9048. The accuracy indicates that the model performs at a high level, correctly classifying sports elements in most cases. This level of accuracy indicates that the model has been effectively trained to classify these specific elements. In the future, to be able to fully evaluate the performances of female rhythmic gymnasts, it is necessary to add tracking of the object with which the athlete performs, to create a method for tracking interaction with it.

The gender perspective (GP) aims to generate social change by questioning the stereotypes and roles assigned to individuals and addressing biases and related issues. In Chile, it has been promoted through public policies (Law No.21.369). For this reason, the Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation Pedagogy program at a state university has adjusted its curricular activities. Rhythmic gymnastics (RG), a sport traditionally considered exclusive to women and previously taught only to “them”, must now be taken by all people, regardless of their gender. This research, project funded by the Metropolitan University of Chile DIUMCE01-2024-EFA, analyzes the opinions of 50 students about RG in their curriculum and its relationship with GP prior to taking the course. The study follows a qualitative case study approach, applying semantic content analysis with emergent categories to the responses. The student body presents a favorable attitude toward the curricular activity, expressing interest in applying it within their professional field. They state that sports should be practiced without gender differentiation. They recognize that there are social biases linked to gender stereotypes. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge of RG implies prejudices, such as feeling uncoordinated, inflexible, and uncomfortable when working on corporal expression.

Conduct a systematic review to analyse the assessment of body image perception and risk of developing eating disorders, as a consequence of the practice of aesthetic sports. The procedures of this review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscus (EBSCO) and PsycInfo (Ovid). Twenty-five academic studies have evaluated the perception of body image and the incidence of eating disorders in aesthetic sports. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most analysed sport modality; 80.0% of studies were conducted only with women, and the most studied group of athletes are adolescents (61%). Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were the most frequently used instruments. In all research, aesthetic sports athletes were found to have disordered eating attitudes and behaviours and therefore at risk of developing eating disorders. In the majority of research on body image perception, athletes showed body dissatisfaction. Aesthetic sports athletes analysed are at risk of developing eating disorders and are dissatisfied with their body image, as well as having a higher risk of developing eating disorders and greater body dissatisfaction with respect to athletes of sports where aesthetics is not as relevant. Rhythmic gymnastics is the most studied sport modality, and the female gender is the most analysed. The EAT-26 is the instrument most frequently used to assess ED, and BSQ test for assessment of body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the muscle synergies involved in making ball throws in different directions and from different starting positions. The study involved 6 highly qualified athletes engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. Electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upper extremities and trunk were recorded synchronously during the movements, as well as video capture of the movements of body segments. Synergy parameters were extracted from the recorded signals using factor analysis using the principal component method. It has been established that individuals who have mastered a complex motor skill can demonstrate similar motor control strategies. This is manifested in the structuring of intermuscular interaction in the form of two general modules, the degree of involvement of muscles in which is highly similar in the implementation of different motor tasks. The first muscle module implements active movement of the upper limb by jointly activating the muscles of the forearm, shoulder and upper shoulder girdle, and also provides stabilization of the position of the trunk by synchronizing the activity of the muscles of the back and abdomen. The second muscle module is specific and is mainly associated with high involvement in the synergy of the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle and forearm for the implementation of exercises performed without visual control, or from starting positions that limit the mobility of certain parts of the body. Thus, the solution to the problem of coordination of many elements of the motor system may consist not only in reducing the number of executive organs—muscles involved in control, but also in organizing control variables in the form of modules at the kinematic level and their stabilization through muscle synergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine whether M-Gym media could help students improve their rhythmic gymnastics skills. This study was based on Borg and Gall's research. This study was planned at Universitas Negeri Medan's Faculty of Sports Science. Meanwhile, this study was carried out for one semester, from April 2nd to April 29th, 2024. The findings of this study revealed that in the small class trial, 70% of the students' rhythmic activity abilities were evaluated as weak during the pretest stage. The test was performed on students before they begin learning with m-gym media. However, when students in small classes were taught with m-gym media, their results were different. The majority of students (83.3%) have good rhythmic abilities. In the large class trial, the majority of students' rhythmic activity abilities were rated as inadequate at the pretest stage, 56%. The test was performed on students before they begin learning with M-Gym media. However, when students in big classes were taught utilizing MGym media, the results were different. Most students are proficient in rhythmic gymnastics. The conclusion showed that students could perform fundamental rhythmic activity motions correctly when provided directions during learning utilizing M-Gym media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the technical stages of performing the butterfly jump, the levels and axes for each stage, and the basic movements used in the butterfly jump. The sample was chosen intentionally by the player, Khrystyna Pohranychna, one of the rhythmic gymnasts on the Uk rainian national team. Photography was taken from the World Championships Kitakyushu 2021, and the results resulted in a qualitative analysis of the performance of the butterfly jump in rhythmic gymnastics by Khrystyna Pohranychna using the Kinovea program, which led to the provision of a database for the butterfly jump in rhythmic gymnastics to help players, coaches, and researchers reach the highest results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work devoted to human posture recognition during rapid movements and complex non-standard poses due to the large number of limbs involved in the movement. Rhythmic gymnastics was chosen as the subject area and, accordingly, the specifics of the judge's assessment of the athlete's performance. Many synchronized videos with fast movements and sequences of complex poses from different angles allows us to form a data set necessary for further research and implementation of the results obtained both in socially important industries and in the market of commercial services using artificial intelligence technologies. A computer system has been developed that can be used to increase the objectivity of sports judging at rhythmic gymnastics competitions, as well as to become an alternative to the traditional judging system in the case of competitions held in a remote format. By scaling up the task, the system can also be used to diagnose problems with the human nervous system and musculoskeletal system. As a result of the research, a dataset depicting the performance of sports elements was collected and structured. The peculiarities of the mediapipe and ViTPose models were identified and the best solution for preprocessing the prepared set was chosen. The main result of this work is a built and trained model for classifying sports elements, which classifies 7 elements with an accuracy of 0.9048. The accuracy indicates that the model performs at a high level, correctly classifying sports elements in most cases. This level of accuracy indicates that the model has been effectively trained to classify these specific elements. In the future, to be able to fully evaluate the performances of female rhythmic gymnasts, it is necessary to add tracking of the object with which the athlete performs, to create a method for tracking interaction with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Almaty Technological University is the property of Almaty Technological University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physical education, sports, and health are a part of general education that focuses on physical activities as a means of learning. Physical education subjects include games, sports, gymnastics, rhythmic, water activities, and out-of-school education. The purpose to be achieved in this study is to improve the spirit and skills of learners in learning Rhythmic Gymnastics. The method used is Class Action Research or often referred to as action research, where this research will be carried out through several cycles in the hope that there will be an increase in the results to be achieved. The analysis technique used is the percentage to analyze and assessment of the subject of the developer in assessing the level of feasibility, quality and acceptability of the product to the product development. The results showed that the Teams Games Tournaments model can improve students learning outcomes effectively and efficiently, increase students motivation and participation in learning, and improve students social skills. Conclusion Teams Games Tournaments model in learning rhythmic gymnastics, thereby improving learning outcomes and student motivation and teacher skills in managing learning.

Copyright of Science of Gymnastics Journal is the property of Science of Gymnastics Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the passive joint range of motion (PROM) and muscle strength in prepubertal rhythmic gymnasts (RGs), artistic gymnasts (AGs), and a control group (CG) of the same age. A total of 54 prepubertal girls were divided into three groups: 18 RGs (age 11.14 ± 0.7, height 142.6 ± 5.81, and body mass 31.2 ± 3.63); 18 AGs (age 11.27 ± 0.99, height 139.6 ± 5.85, and body mass 31.7 ± 3.21), and 18 school girls who are defined as CG (age 10.55 ± 0.42, height 145.33 ± 6.95, and body mass 42.1 ± 8.21) participated in the study. All athletes were elites and participated in national competitions. The CG participated only in their school physical education program. Isokinetic peak torques were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II) at 60, 180, and 300°·sec−1. Body mass index was greater in the CG compared to RGs and AGs (p < 0.001). PROM in cervical extension in RG was significantly higher compared to the AG and CG (p < 0.001). The athlete groups, RG and AG, showed significantly greater PROM in knee flexion (p < 0.001), hip flexion (p < 0.001), and hip abduction (p < 0.05) compared to CG. PROM in hip flexion was different between the left and right leg in RGs. The relative muscle strength of the quadriceps in the RG and AG was significantly greater compared to CG (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Gymnastics training in prepubertal ages can improve neuromuscular function and increase the relative muscle strength. Therefore, it is essential to note that when evaluating children within the developmental ages, especially those involved in sports, the type of muscle strength to be assessed should be specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhythmic gymnastics is one of the sports that educates one of the basic components of physical beauty, also falling into the category of technical-combination sports. Achieving a high performance in rhythmic gymnastics is a complex process, which requires a comprehensive approach to the development of motor qualities and specific skills. In particular, two fundamental motor qualities, addressed in the paper, are essential for achieving success in this discipline: joint mobility and muscle elasticity, as well as coordination of body segments. Thus, through the appropriate introduction and implementation of specific exercises in the rhythmic gymnastics training of performance athletes, we highlighted the importance, the beneficial and essential effect in improving sports performance. The purpose of the research is to evaluate and analyze the impact of the means used in training on the development of mobility and coordination of gymnasts. The obtained results underline the positive influence of exercises on sportswomen's performances and through the planning and proper implementation of exercises in training, a holistic and sustainable development of athletes in their sports activities can be ensured.

The dimensions of competitive performance in the specific context of rhythmic gymnastics are found in components such as physical and biological condition, physiological factors, technical and physical aspects, and, above all, in the training process. In the long-term training process, the individual's consciousness is fully engaged at a high level of acuity, at the limit of possibilities, sports performance being multiply determined and conditioned. The purpose of this longitudinal study is to obtain confirmatory information regarding the level of development of the physical abilities of athletes who practice rhythmic performance gymnastics, starting from the smallest training category up to the last level, that of Seniors. Through the involvement of specialists at the national level, data were collected from 141 performance athletes, a fact that allowed the outline of a motor profile for all categories.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how rhythmic gymnastics coaches perceive the factors influencing sports talent development. Participants (30 female coaches) were administered a demographic survey, an open-ended questionnaire (a structured interview), and the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ PL). Mixed strategies (quantitative and qualitative) were used in the analysis. The research revealed two types of facilitators (essential vs. favorable), and two types of inhibitors (preclusive vs. disruptive). Within the essential facilitator factors, coaches most often indicated long-term motivation. Social support was perceived as a main favorable talent development factor. The child’s inadequate approach to training and inadequate parental involvement were indicated as the main preclusive talent development factors. Difficult situations (e.g., health problems) were enumerated as a major disruptive factor. The studied group of coaches recognized the Individualized Approach to Athlete (M=4.24) as the most important environmental factor that positively influences the development of talented athletes.

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that was designed to be the more feminine sister discipline of women’s artistic gymnastics. Its roots, however, are embedded in a male hegemonic European history that manipulated elements of dance, physiology and pedagogy. Key role players were François Delsarte, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Isadora Duncan and George Demeny who greatly influenced the development of rhythmic gymnastics. These individuals extended previous work of the earlier gymnastics pioneers – Johan Guts Muths, Ludwig Jahn and Per Ling. Since its inception as a competitive sport in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the 1940s, rhythmic gymnastics expanded greatly until it was officially recognised by the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) in 1962. In 1963, the first World Championship competition was held and the sport gained increased international traction. This study aims to investigate social and political factors that contributed to the development of rhythmic gymnastics, from its origins in the European systems up to its recognition as an independent sport in 1973. We conclude our article with the supposition that the sport did not directly challenge male hegemonic systems, but that women in this sport started shifting gender expectations and norms.

The search for innovative technologies to enhance the organization and execution of training sessions in rhythmic gymnastics is a pressing challenge. Currently, the intricacy and virtuosity of sports performance programs, choreography, technique, and tactics continue to increase. Athletes must possess a heightened physical and functional potential to excel in this demanding sport. The objective of this study was to elevate the efficacy of physical and functional training for 10-11-year-old female athletes specializing in rhythmic gymnastics during the stage of sports perfection. To address this, we developed and implemented innovative exercises from health fitness, integrating sports equipment into the annual training macrocycle. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment involved 20 female athletes aged 10-11 years, actively involved in rhythmic gymnastics during the third year of sports specialization at a sports school in the Siberian Federal District (Russia). Randomly divided into control (CG, n = 10) and experimental (EG, n = 10) groups. The gymnasts underwent training using a supplementary sports program aligned with the federal standard for sports training in artistic gymnastics. In the preparatory phase, we introduced innovative physical exercises utilizing sports equipment commonly associated with health and fitness. This involved performing exercise complexes on a stepping platform, a Bosu hemisphere, and fitness sliders. The specific physical training in both groups remained consistent, encompassing exercises using traditional equipment for rhythmic gymnastics. Throughout the experiment, both CG and EG gymnasts underwent limit tests evaluating functional indicators, basic motor qualities, static and dynamic balance, and control exercises from specialized physical training in rhythmic gymnastics. Results. After the annual pedagogical experiment, it was evident that gymnasts in the EG group significantly outperformed the CG group, which adhered to a traditional training program. The superiority of the EG group extended to basic motor qualities, cardio-respiratory functional indicators, static and dynamic balance, as well as control exercises in specialized physical training. Consequently, the EG group exhibited heightened levels of physical fitness compared to the CG group. Conclusions. The proposed methodology, integrating health and sports equipment to enhance the physical and functional fitness of young female athletes specializing in rhythmic gymnastics, demonstrated remarkable efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science of Gymnastics Journal is the property of Science of Gymnastics Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors studied main peculiarities of rhythmic gymnastics for adult amateurs: the reasons of appearance, the age of athletes, types of organisations, offering rhythmic gymnastics classes for this population group, and peculiarities of competitions. Relevance of the research is explained by the following circumstances. Thanks to the development of amateur rhythmic gymnastics, indicators of the physical culture and sports development in the Russian Federation may improve. Thus, within the Strategy of the development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation by 2030 (the Strategy 2030), indicators on the level of involvement of young and middle-aged people in the field of physical culture and sports currently comprises 83.9% in the age group from 3 to 29 years and 28.9% in the age group from 30 to 55 years for women. By 2030, the planned values for this indicator are set at the level of 90% and 70%, respectively. So, thanks to the development of amateur sports as a whole and of rhythmic gymnastics for amateurs, in particular, the share of the population systematically engaged in physical culture and sports will increase. It is also necessary to mention that nowadays popularity of rhythmic gymnastics among adult population is constantly growing, as this sport gives athletes an opportunity to realise their needs both in physical activity and in achieving sports results. The scientific challenge lies in the following contradiction: on the one hand, there is an increase in the number of amateur rhythmic gymnasts, who attend trainings and take part in competitions, on the other hand, nowadays a question concerning the specifics of the organisation of training process for amateur rhythmic gymnasts, including preparation for competitions, has not been developed yet. Research hypothesis: it was supposed that the conducted research would allow coaches who train amateur gymnasts to get a clearer idea of the possible problems that athletes can face during their preparation for competitions, and thereby enable them to optimise the training process of the above-mentioned athletes. The key goal of the research was to reveal the special aspects of competitive activity of adult amateurs, who do rhythmic gymnastics. The authors conducted the research in Graal rhythmic gymnastics sport club. As a result of the conducted research, the key aspects and problems of the beginning of competitive activity, which are typical for adult amateur rhythmic gymnasts, were identified. In the course of the research, surveys among amateur gymnasts on the reasons that encouraged them to start performing at competitions, as well as motivating factors for doing rhythmic gymnastics, were conducted. The results of this research allow recommending these theoretical and practical materials for the specialists, who work in the sphere of physical culture and sports, and for organisations, who implement trainings for amateur athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the indicators of the distribution of plantar pressure in the two-legged stands with open and closed eyes in experienced rhythmic gymnasts.Materials and methods: 31 highly qualified gymnasts (candidates and masters of sports of Russia), age 18.5 ± 0.5 years, experience in rhythmic gymnastics 13.5 ± 1.5, performed three upright postures on the footscan ® podometric platform of RSscan: the main stand, a modified Romberg test with open and closed eyes. Postural control was assessed by quantifying the plantar pressure (P%) in relation to 4 zones of the right and left foot and the trajectory of the movement of the center of pressure (CP) over time intervals.Results: The results of the study showed the presence of a right-sided distribution of plantar pressure in two-legged stands in experienced gymnasts. The regulation of posture occurs mainly in the anterior-posterior direction, but has different strategies for managing balance. The sagittal-cross pattern determines the interaction of plantar pressure between the right and left feet in the basic pose. The Romberg test with open eyes (EO) and closed eyes (EC) characterizes sagittal-parallel and sagittal-asymmetric balance, respectively. We revealed an increase in the vibrations of the gymnast's body in the absence of visual information for only the first 12 seconds.Conclusions: We have identified a variety of combinations of two types of strategies while maintaining posture in simple poses. This indicates the ability of experienced gymnasts to fine-tune the postural stability, including in the absence of visual information.

This research aims to develop game-based rhythmic gymnastics exercise models for primary school students, who have rhythmic gymnastics as a compulsory program in their curriculum. The sequential mixed method was employed to evaluate the exercise model. The data were analyzed using thematic qualitative analysis and expert’s judgement, in which the latter was designed to incorporate quantitative data. The experts in this research included 7 experts who are either academic instructors or professionals. Delphi method was used to collect the data and a Likert-scale questionnaire with a range of 1 to 4 was also employed along with Aiken's formula. This research formulated three models of rhythmic gymnastics exercise from the document analysis stage which include a jump exercise model with a seven-post circuit, pivot exercise model with a three-post circuit, and balance exercise model with a six-post circuit. Following the experts’ judgements, the models for jump, pivot, and balance games were considered to be excellent models for potential implementation in primary schools

This study aims to analyze the contribution of each apparatus' score component to the overall score and to identify the key performance indicators that distinguish medalists from non-medalists among the 10 finalists in rhythmic gymnastics at the 2020 Olympic Games, Tokyo. Medalists (n=3) and non-medalists (n=7) were separated in the sample. Each apparatus (hoop/ball/clubs/ribbon) had seven components [body difficulty (DB), apparatus difficulty (DA), D total, artistic execution (EA), execution technical (ET), E total, total score (TS) of apparatus, and a total final score (TFS-sum of four apparatus scores)]. A total of 350 scores were analyzed. The Mann–Whitney U tests and Cohen's d effect size (ES) calculation were used to calculate differences. The following variables were determined to differentiate the TFS of the medalist and the non-medalist gymnasts: the large effect with Ball-DA/D total/EA/E total/TS (ES=1.550–1.879), Clubs-DA/D total/EA/TS (ES=0.316–2.080), Hoop-DA/D total/TS (ES=1.897–2.316), Ribbon-EA (ES=1.879), and with a low-effect Clubs-AD(ES=0.316) components. Hoop-DA and Hoop-D-TS (ES=2.316, p< 0.05) have the greatest impact, while all DB and ET scores (p>0.05) have no effect on TFS. The impact of apparatus-specific score components on Olympic medal outcomes varies significantly. Notably, difficulty scores (both total and apparatus-specific) and artistic scores emerged as key performance indicators for achieving high total scores and securing a medal in rhythmic gymnastics at the Olympic Games. Coaches should prioritize choreography planning aimed at enhancing difficulty, particularly the apparatus difficulty score, while also focusing on enhancing artistic quality through flawless execution of routines by the gymnasts.

Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is an extremely demanding sport that has a positive effect on the exerciser’s motor status. However, in order to be able to acquire RG contents, the existence of certain minimally developed motor skills, including the ability of postural control and body stabilisation during dynamic movements, is of vital importance. The main objective of this study is to assess the role, contribution and influence of balance ability on performance scores in RG. The sample consisted of 126 international-level female rhythmic gymnasts (RGs), divided into five age categories (15 seniors, 25 juniors, 26 advanced-level RGs, 38 intermediate-level RGs, and 22 beginners). Their baseline characteristics (age, body height and mass, body mass index) were established, along with their balance abilities (balance on toes (left/right leg) test, single leg (left/right) balance test – eyes closed, double pivot in passé test). The data was analysed (descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multivariate and univariate regression analysis) using SPSS 21.0. The results of the multivariate regression analysis indicate the existence of a statistically significant influence of the balance ability of advanced-level RGs, as well as the RGs comprising the rest of the sample, on their performance scores (p=0.01 and p=0.00, respectively), with statistically significant individual contributions of the balance on toes test – right leg (advanced-level RGs: p=0.01, total sample: p=0.02), and dynamic balance (total sample: p=0.00). The final conclusion is that balance ability is a significant predictive factor of RGs’ performance scores, with a variance explanation of 35% (advanced-level RGs), i.e. 24% (entire sample). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The aim of this study was to test a new, complementary training method for maximizing the technical preparation through the stimulation of central nervous systems. New requirements of the FIG Code of points require the execution of high difficulty elements, both body and apparatus. Ultra slow motion intelligent training is a method where the athlete performs predefined upper limb movements with a very low velocity, thus activating the frontal lobe, which is involved in the control of complex voluntary conduct, attention processes, and emotional states - essential aspects for the technical execution in rhythmic gymnastics. This study involved 13 gymnasts who are part of the Junior National team, aged between 13 and 15 years, with a sport experience of 7 - 9 years. The research procedure required performing 3 ultraslow-motion routines. The first routine was performed with visual guidance, while the following 2 without any form of guidance. The routines required the gymnasts to maintain a constant speed on both the ascending and descending trajectory of the arms, in a controlled extension movement. The parameter measured by means of USMIT equipment was represented by the speed (mm/s) for each segment - left-right. The central tendency statistic indicators were calculated, along with the quartile. While similar studies, exploring the efficiency of USMIT are extremely rare, we used some reference values from other sports, such as biathlon, provided by the author of this equipment/method. Consequently, these findings need to be tested in the context of rhythmic gymnastics and its particularities. This type of research, applied for the first time in rhythmic gymnastics, will be of significant relevance for specialists in the field, especially if the data collected will be encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstrak: Kurangnya pengetahuan dan kemampuan siswa dalam gerakan tangan dan kaki dasar senam ritmik adalah kekuatan pendorong di balik penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji bagaimana pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis proyek mempengaruhi keterampilan motorik siswa untuk gerak kaki dan gerak tangan senam ritmik. Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur kuasi-eksperimental. Alat yang digunakan adalah tes senam ritmik yang mengevaluasi gerakan tangan dan kaki. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA PGRI 1 Majalengka berjumlah 50 siswa. Purposive sampling digunakan untuk mendapatkan 25 sampel. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data, rata-rata hasil tes awal adalah 15,93, dan rata-rata hasil tes akhir adalah 18,86. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil analisis data yang menunjukkan bahwa thitung 7,89 lebih tinggi dari ttabel 2,14. Kontribusi penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat membantu keterampilan motorik siswa. Abstract: Lack of knowledge and proficiency among students in rhythmic gymnastics' fundamental hand and foot movements is the driving force behind this study. The goal of this study is to examine how a project-based learning approach affects students' motor skills for rhythmic gymnastic footwork and hand movements. This study employed a quasi-experimental procedure. The tool utilized is a rhythmic gymnastics test that evaluates hand and foot motions. There are 50 students in class XI at SMA PGRI 1 Majalengka as population. Purposive sampling was used to get 25 samples. According to data processing and analysis, the average initial test result was 15.93, and the average final test result was 18.86. This is collaborated by the data analysis results, which showed that tcount 7.89 is higher than ttable 2.14. The contribution of this research concludes that a project-based learning approach can help students' motor skills.

The jump is one of the main body elements in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG). To perform it correctly, gymnasts must develop appropriate force and velocity levels to reach enough jump height to show the body shape during flight, as defined by the RG Code of Points. Jumping performance is influenced by the mechanical force-velocity (F-V) profile and the maximum power generated by the lower limbs. The F-V profile identification can provide a more accurate and complete mechanical representation of its capabilities and needs. This study aimed to analyse the F-V profile during the counter movement jump of RG athletes, identify the magnitude and direction of the imbalance between the two variables (force and velocity), and compare the jumping ability and mechanical variables of different age groups. Eighteen Portuguese gymnasts (average age 12.2±1.8 years) were evaluated, according to age group: beginner and youth gymnasts (G1- ages 10 to 12) and junior and senior gymnasts (G2 - ages 13 to 16), and according to the F-V profile imbalance detected. The data collection was performed after a covid-19 lockdown period. Results showed anthropometric differences between age groups but no differences in the F-V profile related variables. When gymnasts were compared according to the deficit, differences were found in variables force and velocity. Furthermore, 72.3% of the gymnasts presented force deficit, 11% presented velocity deficit and 16.6% were balanced. Considering the deficits found, the demands of the sport and of each athlete, it is essential to include strength training in the regular training routines of rhythmic gymnasts.

The purpose of this study was to identify pain occurrence among young female athletes in aesthetic sports by defining the proportions of pain status of fourteen body regions. Three groups of young female athletes (artistic gymnasts, rhythmic gymnasts and contemporary dancers) were analysed and compared. The sample consisted of overall 99 competitive athletes. Using the “Self-estimated functional inability because of pain” (SEFIP) questionnaire, athletes were asked to assess their current pain status in 14 body regions on a 5-point scale, with 0 being no pain and 4 being pain so severe that they are unable to practice. According to the Wilk’s test there was a significant multivariate effect (F= 4.60; p