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Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots are pharmacopoeial raw materials, which are used in official medicine for obtaining medicines with adaptogenic activity. One of the most common problems in the production of medicines from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots is the use of poor quality medicinal plant materials, which leads to the absence of biologically significant compounds in the preparations. One of the possible reasons is the shortcomings in the existing approaches to the standardization of Rhodiola rosea L. raw materials and preparations.The aim of the study is the improvement of approaches to the standardization of medicinal preparations from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots.Materials and methods. Experimental and industrial samples of liquid extract from Rhodiola rosea L. roots, as well as reference samples of rosavin and salidroside, were used as materials of the research. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a Milichrom-6 chromatograph (NPAO Nauchpribor) under the following conditions of reversed-phase chromatography in an isocratic mode: a steel column KAKH-6-80-4 (2 mm x 80 mm; Separon-C18 7 μm), a mobile phase – acetonitrile: 1% solution of acetic acid in water in the ratio of 14:86, the elution rate was 100 μL/min, the eluent volume was 2000 μL. The constituents were detected at the wavelength of 252 nm (rosavin) and 278 nm (salidroside).Results. An assay of rosavin and salidroside in the liquid extract of Rhodiola rosea L. was developed using the HPLC method. It was determined that the content of rosavin in the samples of the liquid extracts obtained from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots of the pharmacopoeial quality, varied from 0.21%±0.03% to 0.32%±0.04%, salidroside – from 1.13% ±0.05% to 2.71%±0.12%, respectively. The results of statistical processing indicate that the relative error of the average result for the determination of rosavin and salidroside in the preparations of Rhodiola rosea L. with a confidence level of 95% does not exceed ±6.0%.Conclusion. Thus, methodological approaches to the analysis of medicinal preparations from Rhodiola rosea L. rhizomes and roots have been substantiated. These methodological approaches consist of the quantitative determination of the dominant and diagnostically significant biologically active compounds – rosavin and salidroside.

Introduction. Longitudinal studies of human activity and metabolism revealed various anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antistress, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties of such secondary plant metabolites as phenolic compounds and pigments. Human cells cannot synthesize these compounds. Therefore, food biotechnology requires new data on the photosynthetic potential of plants with good functional prospects. The research objective was to study the qualitative and quantitative profile of biologically active compounds of Rhodiola rosea L. harvested from various plant communities in order to define the potential of their extracts and minor compounds for food technologies. Study objects and methods. The research featured three communities of Rhodiola rosea L. originally located in ecologically and geographically different habitats. They were introduced into Kuzbass from the Kuznetsk Alatau, Gorny Altai, and the Tunka alpine tundra belt in Buryatia. The experiment began in 2018, when the rhizomes were dissected into equal shares of 40–42 g and placed in a medicinal plant nursery. The methods of high-performance liquid (HPLC) and thin-layer (TLC) chromatography were used to study the biologically active substances in the plant biomass. The photosynthetic pigments were detected using the spectrophotometric method. The obtained data underwent a statistical analysis based on Statistica 6.0 software. Results and discussion. The sample from the Gorny Altai community revealed twelve biologically active substances. Its rhizomes appeared rich in gallic acid with the maximum content (mg/g) of 10.26 ± 2.31, rosein (20.45 ± 3.46), daphneticin (13.80 ± 2.30), and salidroside (28.16 ± 2.27). The tops demonstrated the maximum content (mg/g) of astragaline (38.94 ± 2.21), tricine (13.07 ± 0.72), tricine-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (35.25 ± 1.66), tricine-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (30.23 ± 1.45), and tyrosol (21.80 ± 1.21). The Kuznetsk Alatau sample proved to possess five biologically active substances. Its rhizomes had the maximum content (mg/g) of rosavin (16.89 ± 2.11) and salidroside (14.35 ± 2.52). The sample obtained from the Tunka ridge in Buryatia had six biologically active substances with the maximum content (mg/g) of rosavin (20.72 ± 2.11), methylgalate (39.00 ± 1.05), and cinnamaldehyde (10.15 ± 1.93) in the rhizomes. The top biomass of Rhodiola rosea L. accumulated about 0.333 mg/g of chlorophylls and synthesized 0.109 mg/g of carotenoids on average. The research established the correlation coefficients between the content of photosynthetic components with morphometric characteristics, including two positive dependences between the content of carotenoids and the number of leaves (r = 0.89 ± 0.09) and the content of carotenoids and shoot length (r = 0.96 ± 0.22). Conclusion. The samples of Rhodiola rosea L. demonstrated a good biotechnological potential for medicine and food industry. The Kuznetsk Alatau plant community proved rich in rosavin, salidroside, and methyl gallate. The Gorny Altai samples revealed high content of salidroside, gallic acid, daphnetitsin, and rosein. The Tunka samples appeared to synthesize a lot of methyl gallate, rosavin, and cinnamaldehyde. In addition, the top biomass of the Altai sample proved rich in tricine and its derivatives, astragaline and tyrosol. The research also established the possibility of commercial extraction of photosynthetic pigments from the top biomass of Rhodiola rosea L. for functional food production.

Изучен состав липофильных компонентов растения Rhodiola rosea L. Кислые и нейтральные компоненты идентифицировали при помощи газожидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрической детекцией. В качестве экстрагента сырья использован метил-трет-бутиловый эфир (МТБЭ), обладающий всеми достоинствами диэтилового эфира, но лишенный его недостатков. Он не образует перекисей и не создает повышенной загазованности за счет более высокой температуры кипения. В результате сравнением с базами данных идентифицированы тритерпеновые, фенолкарбоновые и алифатические кислоты с длиной цепи от 8 до 30 атомов углерода, включая насыщенные, ненасыщенные и двухосновные кислоты. В дополнение к компонентам, известным из литературы, впервые идентифицировано более 50 тритерпеновых и алифатических компонентов неомыляемого остатка и кислых фракций. Аналогично исследованы гексановый экстракт и продукт, полученный ступенчатой экстракцией МТБЭ после извлечения малополярных соединений гексаном. В случае экстракта, полученного при помощи МТБЭ после экстракции сырья гексаном, выявлено более эффективное извлечение фенольных кислот бензойного и коричного ряда по сравнению с исчерпывающей экстракцией МТБЭ. В гексановом экстракте эти кислоты отсутствуют. Для проведения тестирования биоактивности проведена экстракция этанолом: исчерпывающая и после экстракции гексаном и МТБЭ. Экстракты Rhodiola rosea L., полученные при помощи МТБЭ и этанола, проявили антивирусную активность в отношении псевдовирусов Эбола., The composition of the plant Rhodiola rosea L. lipophylic substances was studied. Acidic and neutral components were identified by gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. With methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as an extractant instead of the volatile solvent diethyl ether, lipophylic extract was obtained. Methyl-tert-butyl ether used as an extraction solvent for raw materials has all the advantages of diethyl ether, being free of its disadvantages. It does not form peroxides or produce elevated partial gas pressure due to its higher boiling point. As a result, comparison with databases identified some triterpene, phenolic and aliphatic acids with chain lengths 12 to 30 carbon atoms, including saturated, unsaturated, and dibasic acids. In addition to the components known from the literature, more than 50 triterpene and aliphatic compounds were detected in the unsaponifiable residue and acidic fractions for the first time. The hexane extract and the product obtained by the stepwise extraction of MTBE after the extraction of low-polarity compounds with hexane were investigated in a similar way. In the case of an extract obtained using MTBE after the extraction of low-polarity components with hexane, there was shown a more efficient extraction of benzoic and cinnamic acids compared to the exhaustive extraction of MTBE. These acids are absent in the hexane extract. Ethanol extraction was also carried out to test bioactivity: exhaustive and after hexane and MTBE extraction. Extracts obtained using MTBE and ethanol showed anti-virus activity against Ebola psevdovirus.

Medicinal plants have been widely used in formulations for several therapeutic indications. Some species have been studied for the treatment of psychic disorders such as depression, among them are Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L. and Hypericum perforatum L. The demand for herbal therapies has increased, which denotes the increasing relevance of this area. This article aims to identify the activity of the species highlighted as natural alternatives in the treatment of depression through a literature review involving articles between 2010 and 2020 taken from the Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs platform. Of the species under study used for the alternative treatment of depression, three are in greater evidence, including: Hypericum perforoatum L. also known as Herb of Saint John; Rhodiola rosea L., for states of depression in adults, there are some studies in animals and humans that suggest a putative antidepressant action; and Crocus sativus L., being one of the most expensive spices in the world, due to its cultivation and the way it is harvested. It is concluded that the species studied have extensive possibility of insertion in the treatment of depression, whether in adolescents, adults, elderly and even women breastfeeding or in depression after menopause. It is therefore expected that such results will contribute to the direction of further studies on the species concerned, guiding research in other areas that may not yet have been explored as well as other extracted compounds that may prove promising to the scientific community as an a ttherapeutic alternative. Las plantas medicinales han sido ampliamente empleadas en formulaciones para diversas indicaciones terapéuticas. Algunas especies han sido estudiadas para el tratamiento de trastornos psíquicos como la depresión, entre ellas están Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L. e Hypericum perforoatum L. La demanda de terapias a base de plantas medicinales ha aumentado, lo que denota el creciente aumento de la relevancia de esta área. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar la actividad de las especies destacadas como alternativas naturales en el tratamiento de la depresión a través de una revisión de literatura involucrando artículos entre 2010 y 2020 retirados de la plataforma Pubmed, Scielo y Lilacs. De las especies de ensayo utilizadas para el tratamiento alternativo de la depresión, tres son más evidentes, siendo Hypericum perforoatum L., también conocida como Hierba de San Juan; Rhodiola rosea L., para estados de depresión en adultos, hay algunos estudios en animales y humanos que sugieren una putativa acción antidepresiva; y el Crocus sativus L., siendo una de las especias más caras del mundo, debido a su cultivo y la forma en que se cosecha. Se concluye que las especies estudiadas poseen extensa posibilidad de inserción en el tratamiento de la depresión, sea en adolescentes, adultos, ancianos e incluso mujeres amamantando o en depresión posmenopausia. Así, se espera que estos resultados contribuyan a orientar nuevos estudios sobre las especies en cuestión, orientando investigaciones en otras áreas que aún no hayan sido exploradas así como otros compuestos extraídos que puedan resultar prometedores para la comunidad científica como alternativa terapéutica. As plantas medicinais têm sido amplamente empregadas em formulações para diversas indicações terapêuticas. Algumas espécies têm sido estudadas para o tratamento de transtornos psíquicos como a depressão, dentre elas estão Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L. e Hypericum perforoatum L. A procura de terapias à base de plantas medicinais tem aumentado, o que denota o crescente aumento da relevância desta área. Este artigo possui objetivo de identificar a atividade das espécies em destaque como alternativas naturais no tratamento da depressão através de uma revisão de literatura envolvendo artigos entre 2010 e 2020 retirados da plataforma Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs. Das espécies em estudo utilizadas para o tratamento alternativo da depressão, três estão em maior evidencia, destas sendo: o Hypericum perforatum L., também conhecida como Erva de São João; Rhodiola rosea L., para estados de depressão em adultos, há alguns estudos em animais e humanos que sugerem uma putativa ação antidepressiva; e o Crocus sativus L., sendo uma das especiarias mais caras do mundo, devido ao seu cultivo e forma como é colhido. Conclui-se que as espécies estudadas possuem extensa possibilidade de inserção no tratamento da depressão, seja em adolescente, adultos, idosos e até mesmo mulheres amamentando ou em depressão pós-menopausa. Assim, espera-se que tais resultados contribuam com o direcionamento de novos estudos sobre as espécies em questão, orientando pesquisas em outras áreas que possam ainda não terem sido exploradas bem como outros compostos extraídos que possam se mostrar promissores para a comunidade científica como alternativa terapêutica.

Marie Bangratz,1 Samira Ait Abdellah,1 Aurélie Berlin,1 Claude Blondeau,1 Angèle Guilbot,1 Michel Dubourdeaux,1 Patrick Lemoine2 1Groupe PiLeJe, Paris, France; 2Clinique Lyon Lumière, Meyzieu, France Objective: The medicinal plants Rhodiola rosea L. (rhodiola, golden root) and Crocus sativus L. (saffron) have been shown separately to induce significant effects in depression. The objective of this study was to assess a fixed combination of rhodiola and saffron in mild–moderate depression.Methods: In this observational study conducted with general practitioners (GPs), 45 adults (aged 18–85 years) suffering from mild or moderate depression (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision definition) and reaching a score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of 8–18 were supplemented with a combination of rhodiola and saffron extracts (one tablet, 154 mg of rhodiola and 15 mg of saffron; recommended dose two tablets per day for 6 weeks).Results: After 6 weeks (D42) of supplementation, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores (primary outcome) decreased significantly by 58%±28.5% (from 13.6±2.3 at D0 to 5.6±3.8 at D42, P

Rhodiola rosea L., a worldwide botanical adaptogen, has been confirmed to possess protective effects of inflammatory injury for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, sepsis, and cancer. This paper is to review the recent clinical and experimental researches about the anti-inflammatory effects and the related mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea L. extracts, preparations, and the active compounds. From the collected information reviewed, this paper will provide the theoretical basis for its clinical application, and provide the evidences or guidance for future studies and medicinal exploitations of Rhodiola rosea L.

Background Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) has been used for years in the traditional medicine of several countries as an adaptogen drug, able to preserve homeostasis in response to stress stimuli. Currently R. rosea roots and rhizome are classified as a traditional herbal medicinal product for temporary relief of symptoms of stress, such as fatigue and sensation of weakness by the European Medicines Agency. Hypothesis/Purpose Increasing evidences suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in response to stress. However, whether the modulation of neuroinflammatory parameters could be involved in the anti-stress effect of R. rosea has been barely studied. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possible modulation of molecular inflammatory processes elicited by a R. rosea roots and rhizome ethanolic extract in an in vitro model of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods BV2 cells were stimulated with CRH 100 nM and changes in cell viability, cytokines production and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were evaluated. Intracellular pathways related to inflammation, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation were also analyzed. Results We found that R. rosea extract (2.7% m/m rosavin and 1% m/m salidroside) 20 µg/ml was able to counteract the neuroinflammatory effect of CRH by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation with a mechanism of action involving the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MKK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun n-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in a reduction of HSP70 expression. Conclusion This work expands the knowledge of the intracellular mechanisms involved in R. rosea anti-stress activity and may be useful for the study of other adaptogen drugs.

Представлены результаты исследований совместного применения биофунгицидов и регуляторов роста, эффективных в отношении возбудителей семенной и почвенной инфекции для защиты лекарственных культур. Препараты Фитоспорин-М и Алирин-Б служат альтернативой химическим средствам защиты растений. Предпосевная обработка почвы препаратами Фитоспорин-М и Алирин-Б понижает гибель растений от грибных заболеваний на 14 и 16%, при этом биологическая эффективность составляет 45,2 и 51,7%. Предпосевная обработка стратифицированных семян родиолы розовой (R. rosea) регуляторами роста Эпин-экстра и Циркон повышает энергию прорастания и всхожесть до 83,5-91% и позволяет снизить гибель растений на 8-9% по сравнению с контролем. Комплексная система защиты от корневых гнилей, включающая обработку почвы перед посевом биофунгицидами и некорневую обработку вегетирующих растений Цирконом, наиболее целесообразна для получения здоровой рассады родиолы розовой., The article presents the results of research about the effectiveness of the combined use of biofungicides and growth regulators, which are effective against pathogens of seed and soil infection for the protection of medicinal crops. They are an alternative to chemical plant protection products. Presowing soil treatment with Fitosporin-M and Alirin-B reduces the death of plants from fungal diseases by 14 and 16%, while the biological efficiency of their use increases to 45,2 and 51,7%, the biological efficiency is 45,2 and 51,7%. It was found that presowing treatment of stratified seeds of Golden root (R. rosea) with growth regulators of Epin-extra and Zircon increases germination energy and germination up to 83.5-91% and reduces plant death by 8-9% compared to the control. Integrated system of protection against root rot including presowing soil treatment by biofungicides and foliar treatment of vegetating plants with Zircon, the most appropriate to produce healthy seedlings of Golden root (R. rosea).

Rhodiola rosea L. (R. rosea L.) is widely used to stimulate the nervous system, extenuate anxiety, enhance work performance, relieve fatigue, and prevent high altitude sickness. Previous studies reported that R. rosea L. improves learning and memory function in animal models. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for preclinical studies to assess the current evidence for R. rosea L. effect on learning and memory function. Ultimately, 36 studies involving 836 animals were identified by searching 6 databases from inception to May 2018. The primary outcome measures included the escape latency in Morris water maze (MWM) test on behalf of learning ability, the frequency and the length of time spent on the target quadrant in MWM test representing memory function, and the number of errors in step down test, dark avoidance test and Y maze test on behalf of memory function. The secondary outcome measures were mechanisms of R. rosea L. for learning and/or memory function. Compared with control, the pooled results of 28 studies showed significant effects of R. rosea L. for reducing the escape latency (P < 0.05); 23 studies for increasing the frequency and the length of time spent on the target quadrant (P < 0.05); and 6 studies for decreasing the number of errors (P < 0.01). The possible mechanisms of R. rosea L. are largely through antioxidant, cholinergic regulation, anti-apoptosis activities, anti-inflammatory, improving coronary blood flow, and cerebral metabolism. In conclusion, the findings suggested that R. rosea L. can improve learning and memory function.

Родиола розовая представляет практический интерес для использования в препаратах, повышающих сопротивляемость организма человека при неблагоприятных воздействиях. Для создания промышленных плантаций данной культуры необходимо разработать технологию ее размножения, изучить вопросы повышения биопродуктивности. В результате интродукционных исследований было установлено, что семенное размножение культуры в открытом грунте не перспективно, так как семена родиолы розовой относятся к труднопрорастающим и медленно растущим. В связи с этим, важно проведение исследований по альтернативным методам размножения (рассадный и вегетативный), по способам усиления ростовых процессов за счет экзогенного применения регуляторов роста. Представлены результаты исследований по влиянию экзогенного применения биорегуляторов роста (Эпин-экстра, Циркон, Рибав-экстра) и корнеобразователей (Корневин и ДваУ) на растениях родиолы розовой 1 и 2 года вегетации. Определена эффективность обработки корнеобразователями (Корневин и ДваУ) посадочного материала на рост, развитие и урожайность культуры. Показаны особенности вегетативного и рассадного способов размножения родиолы розовой в условиях Нечерноземной зоны РФ. Экспериментальные данные показывают, что обработка семян родиолы розовой биорегуляторами роста Эпин-экстра, Циркон и Рибав-экстра способствует повышению энергии прорастания и получению рассады высокого качества. Наиболее рациональным способом размножения является вегетативный способ, где используются части корневищ с корнями и надземными побегами родиолы розовой. Корнеобразователь ДваУ обеспечил практически 100% приживаемость растений и способствовал усилению ростовых процессов в начальные периоды роста растений родиолы розовой. Использование росторегуляторов Эпин-экстра и Рибав-экстра обеспечило усиление ростовых процессов растений родиолы., Golden root (Rhodiola rosea) is of practical interest for use in drugs that increase the resistance of the human body to adverse effects. For creation the industrial plantations of this culture, it is necessary to develop a technology for its reproduction, to study the issues of increasing the bio-productivity. As a result of introduction studies, it was found that the seed reproduction of the crop in the open ground is not promising, since the seeds of golden root are difficult to grow and slowly growing. In this regard, it is important to conduct research on alternative methods of reproduction (seedling and vegetative), on ways to enhance growth processes through exogenous use of growth regulators. There are the results of studies on the effect of exogenous use of bioregulators of growth (Epin-extra, Zircon, Ribav-extra) and root formers (Kornevin and DvaU) on roseroot plants roseroot 1 and 2 years of vegetation presented. The efficiency of processing by root formers (Kornevin and DvaU) on planting material for growth, development and yield of the crop has been determined. There peculiarities of vegetative and seedling methods of reproduction of roseroot in conditions of non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation have been shown. The experimental findings show that the treatment of golden root seeds with pink growth bioregulators Epin-extra, Zircon and Ribav-extra promotes the increase of germination energy and the production of high quality seedlings. The most rational method of reproduction is the vegetative method, which uses parts of the rhizomes with roots and aboveground shoots of golden root. The root former DvaU provided almost 100% plant survival and contributed to the strengthening of growth processes in the initial periods of plant growth of golden root. The use of growth regulators Epin-extra and Ribav-extra ensured the strengthening of the growth processes of plants of golden root.

Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including lung-protective activity, and has been utilized in folk medicine for several 100 years. However, the lung-protective mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the possible lung-protective activity mechanism of RRL in a pulmonary fibrosis (PF) rat model. Lung fibrotic injury was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by single intratracheal instillation of saline containing bleomycin (BLM; 5 mg/kg). The rats were administered 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of a 95% ethanol extract of RRL for 28 days. The animals were killed to detect changes in body weight, serum levels of glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), as well as lung tissue hydroxyproline (HYP) content. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the histopathological changes in lung tissues. Additionally, target-related proteins were measured by Western blotting. RRL alleviated the loss of body weight induced by instilling BLM in PF rats, particularly at the 500 mg/kg per day dose. RRL reduced HYP (p < 0.01) and increased GSH and T-SOD contents. BALF levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-6 decreased significantly in the RRL-treated groups. Expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and α-smooth muscle actin decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in response to RRL. Moreover, the levels of TGF-β1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung tissues also decreased in the RRL-treated groups. RRL alleviated BLM-induced PF in rats. Our results reveal that the protective effects of RRL against fibrotic lung injury in rats are correlated with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-fibrotic properties. MMP-9 may play important roles in BLM-induced PF.

In this research, three categories of phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) were designed and synthesized with PPGs isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. as lead compounds. Their inhibitory abilities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were also tested. Some of the synthetic PPGs exhibited excellent enzyme inhibitory abilities.

Following an application from Nutrilinks Sarl, submitted pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Rhodiola rosea L.extract and reduction of mental fatigue. The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is a dry powder extract of Rhodiola rosea L., which is standardised for its content of rosavins and salidroside. The Panel considers that Rhodiola rosea L.extract is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect is “helps to stimulate intellectual functions in situation of stress after the first intake”. Upon request by EFSA, the applicant clarified that the claimed effect related to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue in situation of stress. The target population proposed by the applicant is healthy adults in situations of fatigue and stress. The Panel considers that reduction of mental fatigue is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant identified two published human intervention studies as pertinent to the health claim. These studies were carried out with a Rhodiola rosea L. extract which was standardised only for its salidroside content and not for its content of rosavins. The Panel notes that these studies were not undertaken with the food constituent, Rhodiola rosea L.extract, which is the subject of the health claim and which is standardised for both its rosavins and salidroside content. The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these studies for the scientific substantiation of the health claim. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of Rhodiola rosea L.extract and reduction of mental fatigue.

Keratinocytes are cells strongly exposed to oxidative stress, but normally good equipped for antioxidant responses. However, it has long been suggested that exogenous antioxidants could play a useful role in minimizing the adverse skin responses associated with such oxidant species. In this work it was paid attention to the extract of Rhodiola rosea L. roots by using the phytocomplex as a whole because of the important activity of its composition and mutual distribution of its components. We have measured the protection afforded by the extract to reduced glutathione levels, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in cultured human keratinocytes (NCTC 2544) exposed to different oxidative insults: Fe(II)/ascorbate, Fe(II)/H2O2, and tert-butyl- hydroperoxide. We also have investigated the influence of the R. rosea extract on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that R. rosea extract was able to increase in a time- and dose-dependent manner the activity of the trans plasma membrane oxido reductase activity as an indirect evaluation of the intracellular redox status and this effect was already evident with small concentration of the extract and in a long time. As a result, NCTC 2544 are able to better counteract to several oxidative insults if incubated with R. rosea extract demonstrating a very good antioxidant activity of this phytocomplex. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

Nustatytos veikliosios medžiagos – salidrozido ir rozavinų (rozavinas, rozarinas, rozinas) auginamų Lietuvoje ir Altajaus kalnuose (Rusijos Federacija) natūraliai augančių Rhodiola rosea L. šaknyse ir šakniastiebiuose. Perkoliacijos metodu pagamintų vandeninių-etanolinių skystųjų ekstraktų kiekybinė analizė atlikta ekstrakcijos kietąja faze – plonasluoksnės chromatografijos (SPE-TLC) – densitometrijos analizės metodu. Nepriklausomai nuo žaliavos kilmės, ištraukose nustatyti panašūs salidrozido kiekiai (1,35–1,62 mg/ml). Taip pat nustatyti rozavinų kiekių skirtumai: didesnis rozavinų kiekis rastas ištraukose, pagamintose iš Lietuvoje auginamos žaliavos (7,4 ir 4,2 mg/ml). Tyrimai parodė, jog, ekstrahuojant žaliavas etanoliu 70 proc. (V/V) ištraukose rasti maži salidrozido kiekiai (0,16–0,17 mg/ml); daugiau rozavinų rasta ekstrakcijai vartojant etanolį 70 proc. (V/V) palyginus su etanoliu 40 proc. (V/V). Salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosarin, and rosin), biologically active compounds of Rhodiola rosea L., were analyzed in dried roots and rhizomes of the plants cultivated in Lithuania and naturally growing in Altai geographical region in Russian Federation. The quantitative analysis of the aqueous-ethanolic extracts prepared by percolation was performed employing solid-phase extraction and thin-layer chromatography followed by densitometric determination. Similar amounts of salidroside were found in the extracts (1.35–1.62 mg/mL), irrespective of the origin of the crude plant; however, the differences in the profile of rosavins were substantial with higher content of total rosavins in the extracts obtained from the plant cultivated in Lithuania (7.4 vs. 4.2 mg/mL). It was demonstrated that extracts prepared with 70% (v/v) ethanol contained low concentration of salidroside (0.16–0.17 mg/mL), while the extraction of rosavins with 70% (v/v) ethanol was more efficient compared to 40% (v/v) ethanol.

U preglednom radu o vrsti Rhodiola rosea obrađeni su podaci o biološki aktivnim tvarima, farmakološkim i kliničkim istraživanjima utjecaja ekstrakta droge na SŽS, antistresnog, kardioprotektivnog, antioksidativnog i antikancerogenog učinka.

Salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosarin, and rosin), biologically active compounds of Rhodiola rosea L., were analyzed in dried roots and rhizomes of the plants cultivated in Lithuania and naturally growing in Altai geographical region in Russian Federation. The quantitative analysis of the aqueous-ethanolic extracts prepared by percolation was performed employing solid-phase extraction and thin-layer chromatography followed by densitometric determination. Similar amounts of salidroside were found in the extracts (1.35–1.62 mg/mL), irrespective of the origin of the crude plant, however, the differences in the profile of rosavins were substantial with higher content of total rosavins in the extracts obtained from the plant cultivated in Lithuania (7.4 vs. 4.2 mg/mL). It was demonstrated that extracts prepared with 70% (v/v) ethanol contained low concentration of salidroside (0.16–0.17 mg/mL), while the extraction of rosavins with 70% (v/v) ethanol was more efficient compared to 40% (v/v) ethanol.