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Objective: The objective of this study is to further highlight the differences between different ABO blood groups and Rhesus types with health biomarkers. Methods: In total 150 active healthy blood donors participated in our study comprising of 80 males from 19–61 years and 70 females aged from 21 to 64. Participants carrying blood group A were 55 individuals, blood group B 32, blood group O 51, and blood group AB 12, RHD+ 132, and RHD- 18. All the volunteer regular blood donors were selected recognizing them as a healthy population excluding drug and supplements intake. Their blood samples were analyzed just before blood donation for biochemical, hematological, and antioxidant markers. Statistical computations were performed using the SPSS tool, specifically, the one-way ANOVA test, Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used as statistical models. Results: O blood donors presented better iron absorption and the worst lipid profile. Indeed, a significant trend of high atheromatic index values revealed an increased risk for hyperlipidemia, in contrast with blood group A presenting a better lipid profile with lower atheromatic index values. There was also a gender related association for blood group A compared with O that was further highlighted using binary logistic regression. Conclusion: In this study, a significant difference was observed among the ABO blood groups in several of the examined biochemical and hematological biomarkers. O blood group appeared different behavior in comparison to all the tested blood groups and furthermore the RHD-group presented a better lipid profile in comparison to the RHD+ group. In order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the correlation between the ABO blood group and biochemical markers, further studies are required.

Objective: The objective of this study is to further highlight the differences between different ABO blood groups and Rhesus types with health biomarkers. Methods: In total 150 active healthy blood donors participated in our study comprising of 80 males from 19–61 years and 70 females aged from 21 to 64. Participants carrying blood group A were 55 individuals, blood group B 32, blood group O 51, and blood group AB 12, RHD+ 132, and RHD- 18. All the volunteer regular blood donors were selected recognizing them as a healthy population excluding drug and supplements intake. Their blood samples were analyzed just before blood donation for biochemical, hematological, and antioxidant markers. Statistical computations were performed using the SPSS tool, specifically, the one-way ANOVA test, Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used as statistical models. Results: O blood donors presented better iron absorption and the worst lipid profile. Indeed, a significant trend of high atheromatic index values revealed an increased risk for hyperlipidemia, in contrast with blood group A presenting a better lipid profile with lower atheromatic index values. There was also a gender related association for blood group A compared with O that was further highlighted using binary logistic regression. Conclusion: In this study, a significant difference was observed among the ABO blood groups in several of the examined biochemical and hematological biomarkers. O blood group appeared different behavior in comparison to all the tested blood groups and furthermore the RHD-group presented a better lipid profile in comparison to the RHD+ group. In order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the correlation between the ABO blood group and biochemical markers, further studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Ghana, a blood group and rhesus type test is one of the essential recommended screening tests for women during antenatal care since blood transfusion is a key intervention for haemorrhage. We estimated the spatial accessibility to health facilities for blood group and type point-of-care (POC) testing in the Upper East Region (UER), Ghana. Methods: We assembled the attributes and spatial data of hospitals, clinics, and medical laboratories providing blood group and rhesus type POC testing in the UER. We also obtained the spatial data of all the 131 towns, and 94 health centres and community-based health planning and services (CHPS) compounds providing maternal healthcare in the region. We further obtained the topographical data of the region, and travel time estimated using an assumed tricycle speed of 20 km/h. We employed ArcGIS 10.5 to estimate the distance and travel time and locations with poor spatial access identified for priority improvement. Findings: In all, blood group and rhesus type POC testing was available in 18 health facilities comprising eight public hospitals and six health centres, one private hospital, and three medical laboratories used as referral points by neighbouring health centres and CHPS compounds without the service. Of the 94 health centres and CHPS compounds, 51.1% (48/94) and 66.4% (87/131) of the towns were within a 10 km range to a facility providing blood group and rhesus type testing service. The estimated mean distance to a health facility for blood group and rhesus POC testing was 8.9 ± 4.1 km, whilst the mean travel time was 17.8 ± 8.3 min. Builsa South district recorded the longest mean distance (25.6 ± 7.4 km), whilst Bongo district recorded the shortest (3.1 ± 1.9 km). The spatial autocorrelation results showed the health facilities providing blood group and rhesus type POC testing were randomly distributed in the region (Moran Index = 0.29; z-score = 1.37; p = 0.17). Conclusion: This study enabled the identification of district variations in spatial accessibility to blood group and rhesus type POC testing in the region for policy decisions. We urge the health authorities in Ghana to evaluate and implement recommended POC tests such as slide agglutination tests for blood group and rhesus type testing in resource-limited settings.

Background: In Ghana, a blood group and rhesus type test is one of the essential recommended screening tests for women during antenatal care since blood transfusion is a key intervention for haemorrhage. We estimated the spatial accessibility to health facilities for blood group and type point-of-care (POC) testing in the Upper East Region (UER), Ghana. Methods: We assembled the attributes and spatial data of hospitals, clinics, and medical laboratories providing blood group and rhesus type POC testing in the UER. We also obtained the spatial data of all the 131 towns, and 94 health centres and community-based health planning and services (CHPS) compounds providing maternal healthcare in the region. We further obtained the topographical data of the region, and travel time estimated using an assumed tricycle speed of 20 km/h. We employed ArcGIS 10.5 to estimate the distance and travel time and locations with poor spatial access identified for priority improvement. Findings: In all, blood group and rhesus type POC testing was available in 18 health facilities comprising eight public hospitals and six health centres, one private hospital, and three medical laboratories used as referral points by neighbouring health centres and CHPS compounds without the service. Of the 94 health centres and CHPS compounds, 51.1% (48/94) and 66.4% (87/131) of the towns were within a 10 km range to a facility providing blood group and rhesus type testing service. The estimated mean distance to a health facility for blood group and rhesus POC testing was 8.9 ± 4.1 km, whilst the mean travel time was 17.8 ± 8.3 min. Builsa South district recorded the longest mean distance (25.6 ± 7.4 km), whilst Bongo district recorded the shortest (3.1 ± 1.9 km). The spatial autocorrelation results showed the health facilities providing blood group and rhesus type POC testing were randomly distributed in the region (Moran Index = 0.29; z-score = 1.37; p = 0.17). Conclusion: This study enabled the identification of district variations in spatial accessibility to blood group and rhesus type POC testing in the region for policy decisions. We urge the health authorities in Ghana to evaluate and implement recommended POC tests such as slide agglutination tests for blood group and rhesus type testing in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]