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As pivotal component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a crucial role in determining performance and energy efficiency of HFCVs. In this study, comprehensive bench tests of fuel cell stack and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests of single cells were conducted, and influence mechanisms of air intake methods and humidity levels on performance of stack and single cells at different locations were analyzed in depth. The results indicate that counter-flow inlet method exhibits superior voltage output performance and stability across various relative humidity (RH) and current densities (CDs). A moderate increase in RH can mitigate performance degradation, but excessive humidity can lead to flooding. When RH is increased to 60%, the voltage difference between co-flow and counter-flow of fuel cell stack does not exceed 0.05 V at 1.6 A/cm2. Meanwhile, the performance of cells near inlet end plate is consistently worse than those farther away under different inlet conditions. In addition, the performance trend of single cells in serpentine channels aligns with that of fuel cell stack, underscoring strong adaptability of mechanisms influencing performance under different conditions. These findings provide theoretical guidance and data support for optimizing performance and preventing failures in PEMFCs. [Display omitted] • Comprehensive bench tests and EIS impedance tests for fuel cells were conducted. • Mechanism underlying effects of air intake method and humidity on stack were analyzed. • Single cell of fuel cell stack obtained better performance away from the inlet end. • Voltage difference across intake methods was <0.05 V at 1.6 A/cm2 CD and 60% RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Here, we sought to report ABO and D antigen distribution in blood donors from Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. Phenotype data (ABO/D) from donors who donated blood between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, at the Yogyakarta Blood Donor Unit were extracted from the blood donor registry, and phenotype frequency was calculated subsequently. Results: In the 245,307 blood donors collected over six years, ABO phenotype frequency: O (frequency: 38.5%) > B (29.4%) > A (24.1%) > AB (8.0%). The D-positive phenotype was far more common (99.5%) than the D-negative phenotype (0.5%). The phenotypic pattern globally is similar to previous reports in Southeast Asia. The D antigen distribution is similar to world distribution as the most common blood group. For the first time in Indonesia, this distribution of ABO and D phenotype is reported in a large-scale study. This work is a pioneer in the coordinated optimization of transfusion guidelines at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Priestley–Taylor model of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) evapotranspiration (ET) model is relatively simple and has been widely used based on meteorological and satellite data. However, soil moisture (SM) constraints include a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that causes large uncertainty. In this study, we proposed a PT-SinRH model by introducing a sine function of air relative humidity (RH) to replace RHVPD to characterize SM constraints, which can improve the accuracy of ET estimations. The PT-SinRH model is validated by eddy covariance (EC) data from 2000–2020. These data were collected by AmeriFlux at 28 sites on the conterminous United States (CONUS), and the land cover types of the sites vary from croplands to wetlands, grasslands, shrub lands and forests. The validation results from daily scale-based on-site and satellite data inputs showed that the PT-SinRH model estimates fit the observations with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.55, root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 17.5 W/m2, bias of −1.2 W/m2 and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.70. Additionally, the PT-SinRH model based on reanalysis and satellite data inputs has an R2 of 0.49, an RMSE of 20.3 W/m2, a bias of −8.6 W/m2 and a KGE of 0.55. The PT-SinRH model showed better accuracy when using the site-measured meteorological data than when using reanalysis meteorological data as inputs. Additionally, compared with the PT-JPL model, the results demonstrate that our approach, i.e., PT-SinRH, improved ET estimates, increasing the R2 and KGE by 0.02 and decreasing the RMSE by about 0.6 W/m2. This simple but accurate method permits us to investigate the decadal variation in regional ET over the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was developed for the determination of ultra-trace rhodium (Rh) in geological samples. Using Sb2O3 as fire assay collector, Rh in 10 to 20 g was pre-concentrated in 50 mg Sb granules. After the granules were microwave digested in aqua regia (40%, v/v), 103Rh was determined by high radio-frequency (RF) power cold plasma and kinetic energy discrimination collision cell-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (KED-ICP-MS). Four methods to eliminate the mass spectral interferences of 206Pb2+ and 40Ar63Cu to 103Rh including standard mode (STD-ICP-MS) hyphenated with equivalent concentration correction of 206Pb2+ and 40Ar63Cu, KED-ICP-MS hyphenated with equivalent concentration correction of 206Pb2+, high RF power cold plasma ICP-MS hyphenated with equivalent concentration correction of 40Ar63Cu, and high RF power cold plasma hyphenated with KED-ICP-MS were compared. The first three methods required equivalent concentration correction so the Pb and Cu content in the sample solutions were determined in advance and subtracted. On the contrary, the interferences were eliminated by high RF power cold plasma hyphenated with KED-ICP-MS. The RF power of cold plasma was studied. Moreover, the He collision gas, nebulizer flow and sampling depth were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, Rh had a linear relationship from 0.001 to 10 ng mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The detection limit was 0.012 ng g−1. The method was applied to analysis of various matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) and the measured results were in good agreement with the certified values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective Here, we sought to report ABO and D antigen distribution in blood donors from Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. Phenotype data (ABO/D) from donors who donated blood between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, at the Yogyakarta Blood Donor Unit were extracted from the blood donor registry, and phenotype frequency was calculated subsequently. Results In the 245,307 blood donors collected over six years, ABO phenotype frequency: O (frequency: 38.5%) > B (29.4%) > A (24.1%) > AB (8.0%). The D-positive phenotype was far more common (99.5%) than the D-negative phenotype (0.5%). The phenotypic pattern globally is similar to previous reports in Southeast Asia. The D antigen distribution is similar to world distribution as the most common blood group. For the first time in Indonesia, this distribution of ABO and D phenotype is reported in a large-scale study. This work is a pioneer in the coordinated optimization of transfusion guidelines at the national level.

Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It can lead to various clinical reactions, ranging from no symptoms at all to noticeable skin lesions and severe itching within the same household. We aimed to investigate the potential role of blood groups in the emergence of disease symptoms by comparing the scabies patients with asymptomatic co-residents. This study comprised 102 patients infected with scabies from index cases and 111 asymptomatic co-residents. The index cases where symptoms first appeared were excluded. Among patients with scabies, 34 individuals (33.3%) had type A blood group, 12 (11.8%) had type B, 27 (26.5%) had type AB, and 29 (28.4%) had type O. Of these patients, 101 (99%) were Rh+, while 1 (1%) was Rh-. In asymptomatic contacts, 61 individuals (55%) had type A, 9 (8.1%) had type B, 1 (0.9%) had type AB, and 40 (36%) had type O blood group. Of these, 102 (91.9%) were Rh+, and 9 (8.1%) were Rh-. A significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning the frequency of ABO, Rh, and ABO*Rh blood groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of B + and AB + blood groups was higher in scabies patients compared to asymptomatic contacts. The study results showed a significant association between the emergence of scabies symptoms with blood groups. Our results highlight the importance of more research into the roles of blood group antigens in normal skin epithelium and their involvement in the etiopathogenesis of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, the high consanguinity rates contribute to the prevalence of inherited hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, which frequently require blood transfusions. These transfusions carry the risk of alloimmunization, necessitating a precise blood component matching to mitigate health risks. Local antigen frequency data is vital for optimizing transfusion practices and enhancing the safety of these medical procedures for the Al-Ahsa population. Methods: This study investigated the distribution of Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, and Rh blood group antigens in 1,549 individuals from the region; comparing the frequencies with global data. Results: Serological analyses revealed a high prevalence of the Fy(a+b-) and Jk(a+b+) phenotypes in the Duffy and Kidd blood groups, respectively, with Jk(a-b-) being notably scarce. The Lewis blood group exhibited a significant presence of Le(a-b+) and Le(a+b-) phenotypes, whereas Le(a+b+) was less common. In the Rh system, the D antigen was most prevalent, with other antigens following in descending order of frequency. Conclusions: The study underscores the regional variation in antigen frequencies, emphasizing the need for local blood banks to adapt their screening and matching practices to mitigate the risk of alloimmunization and enhance transfusion safety. These findings are pivotal for refining transfusion strategies and understanding the immunohematology landscape in Al-Ahsa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the spectral properties of plasma produced from rice husk(Rh) using the laser breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method. The plasma generation process used the fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a man-made crystalline material. The laser fired pulses with a duration of 10 ns and a repetition rate of 6 Hz. Thus, the energy outputs achieved were 50–200 mJ at the wavelength of 1064 (nm). The silica content in the rice hulls was verified using an XRF measurement, which revealed the presence of silica in the rice hulls in a high percentage. Precise beam focusing was achieved by focusing the laser on the target material. This target material is placed within an atmospheric environment at standard pressure settings. The electron temperature was derived using the Boltzmann diagram method by harnessing experimental data for the linear properties associated with the neutral lines (Si II), (O II), and ion lines (Si I). The use of analytical methodology led to the determination of electron temperature values from 0.79 eV to 1.16 eV for the fundamental harmonic of the laser. At the same time, the electron (ne) density was determined by analyzing the Stark broadening profile associated with the neutral silica line. Furthermore, the study included an additional dimension by determining the plasma properties (electron temperature and electron density) by adjusting the laser energy on the target surface longitudinally along the path of the plasma plume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted public awareness of airborne disease transmission in indoor settings and emphasized the need for reliable air disinfection technologies. This increased awareness will carry in the post-pandemic era along with the ever-emerging SARS-CoV variants, necessitating effective and well-defined protocols, methods, and devices for air disinfection. Ultraviolet (UV)-based air disinfection demonstrated promising results in inactivating viral bioaerosols. However, the reported data diversity on the required UVC doses has hindered determining the best UVC practices and led to confusion among the public and regulators. This article reviews available information on critical parameters influencing the efficacy of a UVC air disinfection system and, consequently, the required dose including the systems components as well as operational and environmental factors. There is a consensus in the literature that the interrelation of humidity and air temperature has a significant impact on the UVC susceptibility, which translate to changing the UVC efficacy of commercialized devices in indoor settings under varying conditions. Sampling and aerosolization techniques reported to have major influence on the result interpretation and it is recommended to use several sampling methods simultaneously to generate comparable and conclusive data. We also considered the safety concerns and the potential safe alternative of UVC, far-UVC. Finally, the gaps in each critical parameter and the future research needs of the field are represented. This paper is the first step to consolidating literature towards developing a standard validation protocol for UVC air disinfection devices which is determined as the one of the research needs.

Fluctuations in environmental conditions appear to affect the conservation of paintings on copper and in this article we report the results of tests carried out using a simple experimental setup to confirm previous studies to show how temperature and RH (relative humidity) fluctuations influence the development of degradation phenomena affecting these paintings. The experiment was conducted on real miniature paintings and the results underline the impact that variations in RH can have on the preservation of oil paintings on copper. The contribution here aims to provide more data to enrich the available information on this topic and broaden the reflection on the risk factors for the conservation of this type of painting. The study also proposes a simple experimental setup with self-made climate chambers which can be useful to artificially test samples or materials for other studies in the conservation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is one of the most dangerous pathogens affecting vertebrates, with most patients suffering from fever, dry cough, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, runny nose, and sore throat. It was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This virus belongs to the ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect many animals, such as bats, cats, and camels. This virus is transmitted to humans when they come into contact with these animals or their waste. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on people who had previously been infected with the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Baqubah from September 2023 to January 2024, and included 200 volunteers confirmed to be infected with COVID-19, whose ages range from 16 to 75 years. This study aim was to find the relationship between blood groups and prevalence of COVID-19. Blood samples were analyzed for ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor of the participants using Standard haematological techniques. The results showed that the infected individuals were 110 (55%) males and 90 (45%) females (P>0.05). The infection rates according to blood groups, A, O, AB, and B were 57.5%, 24.0%, 13.0%, and 5.5% respectively (P 60 years had least, 6.5% contribution (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study recorded significant between COVID-19 infection and the following variables: ABO blood groups, age groups, and Rh factor.

Background: Accurate blood type data are essential for blood bank management, but due to costs, few of 43 blood group systems are routinely determined in Danish blood banks. However, a more comprehensive dataset of blood types is useful in scenarios such as rare blood type allocation. We aimed to investigate the viability and accuracy of predicting blood types by leveraging an existing dataset of imputed genotypes for two cohorts of approximately 90,000 each (Danish Blood Donor Study and Copenhagen Biobank) and present a more comprehensive overview of blood types for our Danish donor cohort. Study Design and Methods: Blood types were predicted from genome array data using known variant determinants. Prediction accuracy was confirmed by comparing with preexisting serological blood types. The Vel blood group was used to test the viability of using genetic prediction to narrow down the list of candidate donors with rare blood types. Results: Predicted phenotypes showed a high balanced accuracy >99.5% in most cases: A, B, C/c, Coa/Cob, Doa/Dob, E/e, Jka/Jkb, Kna/Knb, Kpa/Kpb, M/N, S/s, Sda, Se, and Yta/Ytb, while some performed slightly worse: Fya/Fyb, K/k, Lua/Lub, and Vel ~99%–98% and CW and P1 ~96%. Genetic prediction identified 70 potential Vel negatives in our cohort, 64 of whom were confirmed correct using polymerase chain reaction (negative predictive value: 91.5%). Discussion: High genetic prediction accuracy in most blood groups demonstrated the viability of generating blood types using preexisting genotype data at no cost and successfully narrowed the pool of potential individuals with the rare Vel‐negative phenotype from 180,000 to 70. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosols to COVID‐19 lockdown measures have been extensively reported, while spatial disparities of these response characteristics across China and key deriving mechanisms still remained poorly understood. In our study, a chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) was applied to simulate the national concentrations of four N‐bearing components during lockdown periods in 2020 and business‐as‐usual (BAU) period (the same period in 2019). Three distinct regional response mechanisms were distinguished across China. The increases of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\,\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$ levels in the northern part of Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) might be attributable to increased relative humidity (RH) and abundant ammonia (NH3) level (13.5 μg/m3). The dramatic decreases of secondary inorganic nitrogen in Southeast China were contributed by substantial emission reduction (−15.3%) and slightly favorable (pollutant removal) meteorological conditions (−4.36%). The consistent increases of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\,\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$ levels, but decreased NH3 levels in tropical regions suggested extremely high RH (84%) and enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity were dominant factors. The response mechanisms of secondary N‐bearing components showed the distinct characteristics between urban and rural regions, which might be closely associated with variations of emission reduction and meteorology during the COVID‐19 period. The natural experiment demonstrates priority control of NH3 emission might be the primary target for BTH, while the coordinated controls of VOCs and NOx emissions should be exerted in Southeast China especially the tropical regions. Plain Language Summary: Previous studies focused on the regional response mechanisms of secondary inorganic aerosol to COVID‐19 lockdown measures in China. However, how many response mechanisms across China are still unknown. Here, we employed CTM to reveal different response characteristics of four N‐bearing components and clarified the major factors. In Northeast China, the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC), high RH, and abundant NH3 level significantly elevated the concentrations of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\,\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$. In tropical regions such as Hainan Island, extremely high RH coupled with strong AOC promoted the increase of secondary aerosol though they are NH3‐limited region. In Southeast China and West China, the consistent decreases of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\,\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$ might be attributable to the dramatic decreases of precursor emissions and slightly favorable meteorological conditions. The result highlighted the different measures should be implemented based on the local meteorological conditions and emission characteristics. Key Points: Three distinct response mechanisms of N‐bearing components were revealed in China during the lockdown periodIncreased relative humidity (RH) and abundant NH3 promoted the simultaneous increases of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$ in Northeast ChinaStrong atmospheric oxidation capacity coupled with high RH promoted the increases of NO3−andNH4+ ${{\text{NO}}_{3}}^{-}\text{and}\,{{\text{NH}}_{4}}^{+}$ despite low NH3 level [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of recovering Rh, Ru, and Pd from nitric and hydrochloric acid solutions with Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 was examined. The conditions for practically complete recovery of the sum of platinum group metals from nitric acid solutions at the acid concentrations in the interval 1–5 M were determined. From hydrochloric acid solutions, Rh and Ru can be recovered at the acid concentration of 0.1–0.5 М. Pd is completely recovered from both 1–5 M nitric and 1–5 M hydrochloric acid solutions. From simulated spent nuclear fuel reprocessing solutions, Cs, Mo, and Zr are recovered to different extents jointly with Rh, Ru, and Pd. The Rh and Ru sorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir equation. The Pd sorption isotherm has a nonstandard two-step shape. Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 can be recommended for recovering platinum metals from process solutions, including those from reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and spent catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Priestley–Taylor model of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) evapotranspiration (ET) model is relatively simple and has been widely used based on meteorological and satellite data. However, soil moisture (SM) constraints include a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that causes large uncertainty. In this study, we proposed a PT-SinRH model by introducing a sine function of air relative humidity (RH) to replace RHVPD to characterize SM constraints, which can improve the accuracy of ET estimations. The PT-SinRH model is validated by eddy covariance (EC) data from 2000–2020. These data were collected by AmeriFlux at 28 sites on the conterminous United States (CONUS), and the land cover types of the sites vary from croplands to wetlands, grasslands, shrub lands and forests. The validation results from daily scale-based on-site and satellite data inputs showed that the PT-SinRH model estimates fit the observations with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.55, root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 17.5 W/m2, bias of −1.2 W/m2 and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.70. Additionally, the PT-SinRH model based on reanalysis and satellite data inputs has an R2 of 0.49, an RMSE of 20.3 W/m2, a bias of −8.6 W/m2 and a KGE of 0.55. The PT-SinRH model showed better accuracy when using the site-measured meteorological data than when using reanalysis meteorological data as inputs. Additionally, compared with the PT-JPL model, the results demonstrate that our approach, i.e., PT-SinRH, improved ET estimates, increasing the R2 and KGE by 0.02 and decreasing the RMSE by about 0.6 W/m2. This simple but accurate method permits us to investigate the decadal variation in regional ET over the land.

Two groups of ewes (10 lactating and 10 non-lactating) were used to evaluate the effect of heat stress during summer under tropical conditions. In this study, a temperature and humidity index (THI) was found that ranged between 65 and 79 (morning and afternoon). Likewise, a heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) of 6 units was observed. The highest breathing frequency (BF; 115.46 ± 35.25 breaths per minute (bpm)) and rectal temperature (RT; 38.95 ± 0.51 °C) were found during the afternoon in the group of lactating ewes. The means were compared by group, time of the day, and interaction, and only significant differences were found between groups for RT and udder temperature (p < 0.001). In the case of time of day, all parameters were higher during the afternoon, regardless of the group of ewes (p < 0.001). Likewise, an interaction was found in the parameters RT, right paralumbar fossa (RPF), rump, leg, and udder (p < 0.001). In conclusion, Blackbelly ewes lactating during the summer in the tropics have higher skin temperatures, and also raise BF and RT to tolerate HS in tropical climates.

Purpose: The Pakistan Stock Exchange is a medium for investment in Pakistan financial markets as well as in an international market and give an opportunity to investors in Pakistan to trade shares and contracts through brokers. This research investigates the behavioral factors that influence decision making of investors in PSX that contribute towards the success of PSX and as well as sometimes due to these factors make investment decision making of investors irrational. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data analysis of the research is from use of the quantitative method using Smart PLS 4 using Partial Least Square by utilizing non probability convenience sampling through PSX brokers. Findings: Findings of the research shows that Availability Heuristic, Representative Heuristic, Price Anchoring and Overconfidence heuristic have their influence on individual investor’s decision making at PSX. Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that these psychological factors AH, RH, PAH and OCH influence the decision making of Pakistani investor. In the future, investors will need to recognize and understand how these psychological factors may affect their decision-making. By increasing awareness, investors may be able to strengthen the rationality of their investment decisions and, consequently, the efficiency of the market. It's also critical to comprehend how investors make decisions in different geographic and demographic contexts.

The effect of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) supports on the activity of the dry reforming of CH 4 towards syngas production was investigated for Rh and Ru catalysts. Ruthenium-based catalysts were found to generally be more active than Rh leading H 2 /CO ratios close to unity above 700 °C. Methane conversion turnover frequency (TOF) over Rh catalysts becomes optimum for Rh/YSZ followed by Rh/TiO 2 and Rh/ZrO 2 , and finally Rh/Al 2 O 3 , which exhibited the lowest activity. The performance order is different for Ru catalysts, with TOF being increased in the order Ru/Al 2 O 3

Johnson Matthey held a virtual conference on Platinum Group Metals (PGM) from 18 July to 20 July 2023. Focusing on the global impact of PGM supply and demand changes, future applications of rhodium and palladium, PGM: Circular Economy and PGM technology towards net-zero transition, the discussion focused on the key role PGM will play in future technologies. This article will provide a comprehensive report on the application, supply and demand, and recycling of platinum group metals based on this conference and other literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The DEL phenotype is the D variant expressing the least amounts of D antigen per red cell. Asian‐type DEL (RHD:c:1227G > A) is the most prevalent DEL in East Asia without any anti‐D alloimmunization reported before. We investigated the first observation of an anti‐D in any DEL phenotype, reported in the Japanese language at a 1987 conference, only 3 years after the discovery of DEL. Methods: We contacted the proband 35 years after the initial report. Standard hemagglutination, adsorption/elution, and flow cytometry tests were performed, as was nucleotide sequencing for the RHD, RHCE, and HLA class I and class II genes. Results: The healthy multiparous Japanese woman, a regular blood donor, still had the anti‐D of titer 8 representing an alloantibody by standard serologic methods. Unexpectedly, she carried an Asian‐type DEL without any additional RHD gene variation. All 12 HLA alleles identified were known in the Japanese population. Interestingly, one of her HLA‐DRB1 and a variant of her HLA‐DQB1 alleles had previously been associated with anti‐D immunization. Conclusion: We described an allo‐anti‐D, maintained for more than three decades, in an Asian‐type DEL. The combination of two implicated HLA alleles were rare and could have contributed to the anti‐D immunization. Continued monitoring of anti‐D immunization events in patients with DEL is warranted, and we discuss possible mechanisms for further study. As only this single observation has been recognized in the last 35 years, the current recommendation is affirmed: Individuals with Asian‐type DEL should be treated as Rh D‐positive for transfusion and Rh immune prophylaxis purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BackgroundDespite the implementation of immunization with an anti-D antigen for pregnant women, adverse pregnancy outcomes continue to occur in Ethiopia and most Sub-Saharan African countries. Consequently, the woman's obstetric care is compromised, and there is an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, the burden of the disease is not well understood, and no research has been conducted in the study area. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of Rh alloimmunization in Rh-negative women receiving care at Addis Ababa teaching hospitals.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 5 October 2020 to 5 May 2021, among 328 Rh-negative pregnant women who received antenatal care and delivery services at Teaching Hospitals under Addis Ababa University. Face-to-face interviews were used to gather data using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and a chart review was performed using a checklist. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Multivariable analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the predictors, and the results were presented as an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value

Indoor air quality is a crucial factor for people's health and well-being, since 90% of many people spend time indoors. The objective of this research was to verify the correlation of carbon dioxide with various study variables. To obtain the concentrations, a direct reading measuring equipment was used and monitoring was carried out for two months (September and October 2021). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied because the data did not follow a normal distribution, and Spearman's correlation was used, the results indicated a (Rho= -0.584; Sig. (bilateral)=0.00< p=0 0.05), which shows that there is a negative moderate inverse significant correlation between CO2 and ventilation, with respect to carbon dioxide and humidity, has a Spearman coefficient (Rho= -0.180; Sig. (bilateral)=0.315< p=0.05), so there is a very weak inverse negative correlation, in the same way a Spearman coefficient is observed (Rho= 0.130; Sig. (bilateral)=0.470< p=0.05, In conclusion, it is showed a moderate negative correlation between carbon dioxide and ventilation, which means that the higher the concentration of carbon dioxide, the lower the ventilation. Therefore, it is important that windows exist in work environments to ensure adequate ventilation. and create a healthy environment that does not harm people's health and reduces the risk of contagion of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The anti-A and anti-B are naturally occurring antibodies in the human body but alloantibodies may be formed in individuals who lacks that corresponding red cell antigen after any sensitising event like blood transfusion or pregnancy. The aim of this study was to find the incidence of evanescenct RBC alloantibodies that may not be detectable at the time of pre-transfusion screening. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study from January 2017 to May 2019 in a tertiary care centre from North India. The data on antibody screening and identification retrieved from the departmental records. The patients were screened for red blood cell antibody and those with a positive screening test were further investigated for antibody identification. Antibody screening was performed by solid phase method using Immucor Capture-R Ready Screen (4 cell). Confirmed positive samples were investigated with advance methods of Antibody ID using Reagent panel Red Blood Cells Capture-R Ready ID (16 Cell) in Automated Analyzer Iris or Neo (Immucor Inc. Nocross, GA, USA). As and when required other advance techniques of adsorption and elution, etc were also performed too. Results: The total number of patient screened during this period were 8071. Amongst them 312 were positive for antibody screening (3.8%), of those 216 (62.9%) cases had alloantibodies and 96 (30.7%) cases had autoantibodies. Among the 216 cases of alloantibody, 147 (68.1%) cases had single alloantibody and 69 (31.9%) cases had multiple alloantibodies. Amongst the patients having single alloantibody, the prevalence was highest for Anti-D 54 (36.7%), followed by Anti-E 27 (18.3%), Anti-C 8 (5.4%), Anti-c 7 (4.7%), Anti-K 9 (6.1%), Anti-Fyb 11 (7.4%), Anti-M 18 (12.2%), Anti-N 4 (2.7%), Anti-Fyb 3 (2%), Anti-Lea 3 (2%), Anti-Cw 2 (1.3%) and Anti-Mia 1 (0.6%). Of the 96 patients with autoantibody 72 had warm autoantibody, 10 had cold autoantibody and there were 8 cases of mixed warm and cold autoantibodies. There were 6 patients with warm autoantibody with underlying alloantibody. Conclusion: In conclusion, the high prevalence of Anti-Rh (Anti-D, E), Anti-M, Anti-Fyb antibodies in patient requiring transfusion reiterates the importance of stringent antibody screening and identification as an essential step in preventing delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans, affecting large populations worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection prevalence with ABO and Rh blood groups. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with a case-control design on individuals with anti-H. pylori positive test. Patients with IgG pylori were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. The individuals were divided into two groups based on antibody titer. The case group included subjects with positive serological results with a titer greater than 12 u/mL IgG, and the control group entailed subjects with negative serological results with a titer less than 8 u/mL IgG. The ABO and Rh blood groups of both groups were examined based on case information. Finally, the data were entered into the SPSS software, and a significance level of 5% was considered for all analyses. Results: According to the results of this study, there was no significant relationship between the blood group and H. pylori infection (P > 0.05). However, the prevalence of blood type A was significantly higher in individuals with positive H. pylori IgG test. Conclusions: The current study suggests no association between ABO and Rh groups, but people with A blood group infected with H. pylori need more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ABO, Rh, and Kell blood group antigens are clinically significant. Knowledge of antigen frequencies is important to assess the risk of alloimmunization and to guide the probability of finding antigen-negative donor blood. Patients that lack such antigens may produce antibodies that may cause transfusion reaction. The frequencies of ABO, Rh, and Kell antigens in Taif city, Saudi Arabia have not yet been determined. This study aims to assess the frequencies of ABO, Rh, and Kell blood group antigens among Saudi donors in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 2,073 Saudi blood donors of both genders from May 2016 to May 2019. The data were collected, and calculations were done to determine the frequencies of ABO, Rh, and Kell blood group antigens. Results: Of the 2,073 donors, the ABO blood groups of the donors were O (53.8%), A (24.9%), B (16.4%), and AB (4.6%). Rh-positive samples were (87.8%) and (12.1%) were Rh-negative. The most common Rh antigen was e (95.8%), followed by the c and C antigens (81.7% and 62.3%, respectively). The lowest Rh antigen frequency was E (31.3%). DCce was the most prevalent phenotype (29.5%). The KEL1 (K) antigen was determined in (22.1%) of the donors. Conclusions: This is the first study conducted in Taif city to assess the frequency of ABO, Rh, and Kell antigens among Saudi blood donors. This study provides the first step to create a regional donor database to obtain negative antigen blood units for patients with unexpected antibodies and to offer compatible bloods for multi-transfused cases by designing red cell panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the single Rh atom anchored by N vacancy of C3N monolayer for CO oxidations has been studied by using first-principles calculations. The stability for a single Rh atom in N vacancy of C3N monolayer is detailed investigated. The sizeable binding energy and diffusion barrier of the Rh atom in the N vacancy and the ab initial molecule dynamic simulations at 400 K all verify that the Rh is stable at the N vacancy of the C3N monolayer. We also have examined the bi-molecule Eley–Rideal (ER) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) and the tri-molecule LH mechanisms on the Rh @ C3N. It is found that the barriers for the rate-limiting step for bi-molecule ER and LH are so significant (1.35, 1.15 eV), while for the tri-molecule LH mechanism, the barrier of the rate-limiting step is only 0.49 eV, which means the tri-molecule LH mechanism is more likely to occur at room temperature on the Rh @ C3N. Thus, our results will shed light on the future design for low-temperature CO oxidation using single-atom catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The anti-A and anti-B are naturally occurring antibodies in the human body but alloantibodies may be formed in individuals who lacks that corresponding red cell antigen after any sensitising event like blood transfusion or pregnancy. The aim of this study was to find the incidence of evanescenct RBC alloantibodies that may not be detectable at the time of pre-transfusion screening. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study from January 2017 to May 2019 in a tertiary care centre from North India. The data on antibody screening and identification retrieved from the departmental records. The patients were screened for red blood cell antibody and those with a positive screening test were further investigated for antibody identification. Antibody screening was performed by solid phase method using Immucor Capture-R Ready Screen (4 cell). Confirmed positive samples were investigated with advance methods of Antibody ID using Reagent panel Red Blood Cells Capture-R Ready ID (16 Cell) in Automated Analyzer Iris or Neo (Immucor Inc. Nocross, GA, USA). As and when required other advance techniques of adsorption and elution, etc were also performed too. Results: The total number of patient screened during this period were 8071. Amongst them 312 were positive for antibody screening (3.8%), of those 216 (62.9%) cases had alloantibodies and 96 (30.7%) cases had autoantibodies. Among the 216 cases of alloantibody, 147 (68.1%) cases had single alloantibody and 69 (31.9%) cases had multiple alloantibodies. Amongst the patients having single alloantibody, the prevalence was highest for Anti-D 54 (36.7%), followed by Anti-E 27 (18.3%), Anti-C 8 (5.4%), Anti-c 7 (4.7%), Anti-K 9 (6.1%), Anti-Fyb 11 (7.4%), Anti-M 18 (12.2%), Anti-N 4 (2.7%), Anti-Fyb 3 (2%), Anti-Lea 3 (2%), Anti-Cw 2 (1.3%) and Anti-Mia 1 (0.6%). Of the 96 patients with autoantibody 72 had warm autoantibody, 10 had cold autoantibody and there were 8 cases of mixed warm and cold autoantibodies. There were 6 patients with warm autoantibody with underlying alloantibody. Conclusion: In conclusion, the high prevalence of Anti-Rh (Anti-D, E), Anti-M, Anti-Fyb antibodies in patient requiring transfusion reiterates the importance of stringent antibody screening and identification as an essential step in preventing delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction.

The downscaling of metal lines in CMOS devices to subnanometer sizes leads to an increase in their resistivity. Thus, the lower electron mean free paths of Ru, Rh, and Ir make them promising materials to replace Cu in conventional interconnected structures with sub-ten-nanometer dimensions. In this study, we investigate their scaling effects on the resistivities of metal lines with thicknesses of 4–32 nm. The resistivities of Ru, Rh, and Ir as-deposited films prepared via sputtering are lower than that of a Cu film with a sub-ten-nanometer thickness. Despite their similar electron mean free paths, the difference in their bulk resistivities lead to Ir and Rh having lower resistivities than Ru, even after annealing at 400 °C. Their resistivities before and after annealing were fitted with equations based on the Fuch–Sondheimer and Mayadas–Shatzkes models, which assess the contributions of surface and grain boundary scatterings, respectively. We determined that grain boundary scatterings have a significant effect on the resistivities of Ru, Ir, and Rh, whereas surface scatterings have a minimal effect. In addition, in the case of Ru, the effect of the surface roughness on the resistivity was also investigated by measuring the resistivity of Ru films deposited by atomic layer deposition. A high surface RMS roughness of 1–2 nm causes a significant increase in the resistivity at thicknesses below 10 nm that cannot be explained by the aforementioned models. These results present multiple points for consideration when applying short mean free path metals to finite size interconnects.

Atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts maximize atom efficiency and exhibit unique reactivity. However, they are susceptible to sintering. Catalytic reactions occurring in reducing environments tend to result in atomically dispersed metals sintering at lower temperatures than in oxidative or inert atmospheres due to the formation of mobile metal-H or metal-CO complexes. Here, we develop a new approach to mitigate sintering of oxide supported atomically dispersed metals in a reducing atmosphere using organophosphonate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We demonstrate this for the case of atomically dispersed Rh on Al2O3 and TiO2 using a combination of CO probe molecule FTIR, temperature programmed desorption, and alkene hydrogenation rate measurements. Evidence suggests that SAM functionalization of the oxide provides physical diffusion barriers for the metal and weakens the interactions between the reducing gas and metal, thereby discouraging the adsorbate-promoted diffusion of metal atoms on oxide supports. Our results show that support functionalization by organic species can provide improved resistance to sintering of atomically dispersed metals with maintained catalytic reactivity.

DFT calculations at M062X/6‐31+G(d,p) and M062X/Def2SVP levels of theory were utilized to explore the mechanism and cycloisomerization of 15‐membered triazaenediyne macrocycles in gas phase and Toluene. Trans triazaenediyne conducted concerted reactions to produce a trans diastereoselective tetracyclic fused structure passing through key cascade reactions starting by an Ene reaction that produced an allene intermediate (ΔG#=37.37 kcal/mol), and following a Diels‐Alder reaction which converted to trans‐tetracyclic ring overcoming a 34.10 kcal/mol barrier. In catalytic Rh (I), two steps reactions converted reagent to a diastereoselective trans‐cyclohexadiene tetracyclic by vanquishing barriers of 30.75 and 22.66 kcal/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water immersion residual coal tend to happen spontaneous combustion accidents after mining the coal seam. For exploring the oxidative re-ignition properties of high-temperature oxidized water-impregnated long-flame coal, the thermal evolution law toward each pre-oxidized coal soaked in water under varying heating rates (Rh) (5, 10, 15°C/min) has been analyzed by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The findings are as follows: the DTG at the critical temperature (T1) and maximum weight loss temperature (T5) increases, the activation energy (E) decreases, and the heat output increases (maximum 6391J/g) with the rising Rh. The violent oxidated reaction process of coal samples has been delayed as the Rh was 10°C/min. The water-immersed coal sample (I200) contains more free water on the surface, and the maximum (0.45 mW/mg) and total (178.8 J/g) heat absorption of are higher. Oxidation at 200°C and soaking in water (O200I200) reduced the ignition point temperature (minimum 399°C) and E (minimum 18.5 kJ/mol), and increased the total heat release (maximum 323 J/g) making it easier to oxidize and re-ignite. Under the same Rh, the oxidation and combustion traits of each pre-oxidized water-immersed coal (PWIC) remained unchanged. Reducing the Rh can effectively prevent spontaneous combustion of high-temperature oxidized water-soaked coal in shallow-buried and short-distance coal seams in northwest of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The In2O3 supported rhodium catalyst has been previously confirmed to be active for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. In this work, the In2O3–ZrO2 solid solution was prepared and employed to support the rhodium catalyst. The deposition-precipitation method was applied to make the Rh catalyst highly dispersed. The catalyst characterization confirms that the use of ZrO2 optimizes and stabilizes the oxygen vacancies of In2O3, which causes the enhanced adsorption and activation of CO2. The highly dispersed Rh catalyst remarkably improves the hydrogenation ability of the In2O3–ZrO2 support. Compared to Rh/In2O3, the In2O3–ZrO2 supported Rh catalyst shows significantly higher activity with high methanol selectivity. For instance, at 300 °C and 5 MPa, the methanol selectivity over Rh/In2O3–ZrO2 reaches 66.5% with a space-time yield (STY) of methanol of 0.684 gMeOH h-1 gcat-1 and a CO2 conversion of 18.1%. The methanol selectivity and methanol STY at 300 °C is 19% and 26% higher than that of the Rh/In2O3 catalyst.

Tufan Ermi&scedil;,1 Nasro Ahmed Adan,2 Abdiqani Nor Gacal,1 Ramlo Ahmed Noh,1 Ebubekir Arslan3 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Health Science Faculty, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 3Department of Emergency Service, Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, SomaliaCorrespondence: Tufan Ermi&scedil;, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an Training and Research Hospital, Wadada Rajap Tayyip Erdo&gbreve;an, Hodan, Mogadishu, Somalia, Tel +252-613357841, Email tufanermis38@gmail.comPurpose: Our aim in this study is to reveal the blood group distribution by investigating retrospectively the blood types of around 60 thousand patients and donors who applied to Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital between 2018 and 2021.Patients and Methods: The blood group data of 59,442 people were included in this study. 20,414 (34.35%) of the study’s participants were female, 39,023 (65.65%) were male. The blood groups of participants were determined using the slide method and the gel column technique. The frequencies and percentages of O, A, B, AB and Rh blood groups were calculated.Results: The frequencies of ABO blood group distribution indicated that blood group O and Rh+ were predominant in Mogadishu O group: 60.30%, A group: 26.50%, B group: 11.27%, AB group: 1.93%, Rh+ group: 96.49%, Rh− group: 3.43%.Conclusion: This is the first study about blood group distribution in Mogadishu based on a large number of blood type tests and hospital data. The findings of our study can guide the blood center administrators make decisions concerning blood stocking and supply. This study can give an idea about how much fluctuations may occur in the frequency of blood group types in emigrant populations over many years.Keywords: blood types, ABO, Rh, Mogadishu, Somalia

Ethanol is a high‐value chemical that can be produced from syngas derived from fossil or renewable resources. Silica‐supported catalysts based on Rh are reported to show the best performance so far. We report a comprehensive investigation for influence of catalyst composition on performance in syngas conversion to ethanol. We evaluate 53 different silica‐supported catalysts with a varying degree of Rh, Mn, Ir, Li and Ti, via high‐throughput testing. Correlation analysis reveals that Li and Ir tend to increase the selectivity to C2+ oxygenates, and catalysts with a 0.95 molar ratio of Rh : Mn show a tendency for high CO conversion. The composition 2.8Rh, 0.45Mn, 1.3Ir, 0.04Li, where the numbers indicate weight percentage, is identified to yield one of the highest C2+ oxygenate values reported in the literature so far. Moreover, combining this catalyst with a hydrogenation catalyst and converting C2+ oxygenates to ethanol, provides one of the highest ethanol yields reported so far in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reported Blood type O to confer a lower risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while secretor status and other blood groups have been suspected to have a similar effect as well. Study design and methods: To determine whether any other blood groups influence testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 severity, or prolonged COVID‐19, we used a large cohort of 650,156 Danish blood donors with varying available data for secretor status and blood groups ABO, Rh, Colton, Duffy, Diego, Dombrock, Kell, Kidd, Knops, Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, P1PK, Vel, and Yt. Of these, 36,068 tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 whereas 614,088 tested negative between 2020‐02‐17 and 2021‐08‐04. Associations between infection and blood groups were assessed using logistic regression models with sex and age as covariates. Results: The Lewis blood group antigen Lea displayed strongly reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility OR 0.85 CI[0.79–0.93] p <.001. Compared to blood type O, the blood types B, A, and AB were found more susceptible toward infection with ORs 1.1 CI[1.06–1.14] p <.001, 1.17 CI[1.14–1.2] p <.001, and 1.2 CI[1.14–1.26] p <.001, respectively. No susceptibility associations were found for the other 13 blood groups investigated. There was no association between any blood groups and COVID‐19 hospitalization or long COVID‐19. No secretor status associations were found. Discussion: This study uncovers a new association to reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility for Lewis type Lea and confirms the previous link to blood group O. The new association to Lea could be explained by a link between mucosal microbiome and SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human ABO blood groups antigens exhibit alternative phenotypes and genetically derived glycoconjugate structures that are present on the surface of red blood cells and play an active role in the cellular Physiology and Pathology. Blood groups antigens are thought to be among hereditary determinate and play a vital role to understand genetics and disease susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Type of study - Cross -Sectional study Place of study - Department of Physiology, OPD of Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Lucknow. Biological sample: Human Blood Results: Shows highest prevalence of T2DM patients having blood group B followed by blood group O, A & AB and Table.7 show prevalence of blood group in general population. Conclusion: The present study had concluded that blood group B is more frequent than any other blood groups in both cases and controls, while Rh+ve blood group is found to be more common among both cases and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the distribution and gene frequency of main red blood cell blood groups in Lahu ethnic minority and analyze the genetic characteristics of Lahu people. Methods 1) ABO forward and reverse typing had been performed by microplate method; 2) Rh, MN, H, P1Pk and Mur antigen were tested by the tube method. If the ABO forward and reverse typing were incompatible, the tube method was used for confirmation. Results The distribution characteristics of blood group and gene frequency in Lahu ethnic minority were as follows: B>O>A>AB for ABO, with genotype frequency as p 11.1%, q 27.5% and r 61.4%; the frequency of Rh genotype was CDe 83.3%, cDE 12.0%, cDe 2.42%, CDE 2.32%, CdE 0%, Cde 0%, cdE 0% and cde 0%; M > MN>N for MN blood group, with genotype frequency as M 75.26% and N 24.74%; P1

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) technology has garnered substantial attention in disinfecting airborne microorganisms during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that UVGI inactivation performance varies in complex in-duct environments, this study examines the effects of bioaerosol particle size and relative humidity (RH) on the inactivation efficiencies of an in-duct UVGI system. MS2 bioaerosols, with phosphate-buffered saline as suspending media and subjected to a bioaerosol drying process, were used in UVGI tests. At any given RH condition (25 %, 40 %, or 60 % RH), lower UV rate constants were presented for larger bioaerosols (2.1–7 μm) in comparison to smaller ones (0.65–2.1 μm). For humidity, the UV rate constant initially increased and then decreased as RH increased from 25 % to 60 %, peaking at 40 % RH, irrespective of the particle size. Notably, the absence of the bioaerosol dryer altered this trend, where the inactivation efficiency decreased with the increase in RH. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a higher UV dose is required to mitigate hazards from larger bioaerosols in very humid environments. In addition, this work proposes a comprehensive flowchart, a beneficial tool for engineers and designers, which facilitates the effective design and implementation of UVGI technology in controlling bioaerosol hazards. [Display omitted] • Effective inactivation of airborne MS2 in the in-duct UVGI system. • Small bioaerosols (0.65–2.1 μm) show higher UV rate constants. • UV rate constants rise and fall as RH increases from 25 % to 60 %. • The presence of the bioaerosol dryer impacts the effect of RH. • The study provides insights into UVGI system designs in duct environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]