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This paper proposes a novel structural damage identification approach coupling the Mayfly algorithm (MA) with static displacement-based response surface (RS). Firstly, a hybrid optimal objective function is established that simultaneously considers the sensitivity-based residual errors of static damage identification equation and the static displacement residual. In the objective function, the static damage identification equation is addressed by the Tikhonov regularization technique. The MA is subsequently employed to conduct an optimal search and pinpoint the location and intensity of damages at the structural element level. To handle the inconformity of the static loading points and the measurement points of displacements, the model reduction and displacement extension techniques are implemented to reconstruct the static damage identification equation. Meanwhile, the static displacement-based RS is constructed to calculate the displacement residual in the hybrid objective function, thereby circumventing the time-consuming finite element calculations and improving computational efficiency. The identification results of the numerical box girder bridge demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, Jaya and whale optimization algorithms about both convergence rate in optimal searching and identification accuracy. The proposed method enables more accurate damage identification compared to methods solely based on the indicator of the residual of static damage identification equations or displacement residual. The results of identifying damage in the 21 element-truss structure and the static experiments on identifying damage in an aluminum alloy cantilever beam confirm the high efficiency of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liner is affixed to the inner side of the ball mill cylinder to protect the cylinder. Through isothermal compression experiments, Arrhenius constitutive models, peak strain models, critical strain models, dynamic recrystallization dynamic models, and grain size models suitable for the forging process of Mn–Cr–Ni–Mo steel used in ball mill liners were established. By utilizing Deform software, a 3D thermo‐force‐structure coupling model for the hot forging process of ball mill liners was constructed, and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization and average grain size during forging was predicted. The response surface model was employed to investigate how process parameters interacted with each other and affected microstructure uniformity in ball mill liners. After optimization, the optimal parameters were determined: initial forging temperature at 1200 °C, forging speed at 30 mm s−1, and friction coefficient at 0.3. Subsequently, a hot forging experiment on ball mill liners was conducted using these optimized parameters; samples were analyzed through backscattered electron diffraction device experiments and microscopic tissue observations. Results demonstrated that microstructural changes observed during actual forging processes aligned with numerical simulation results—thus verifying both the accuracy of the Mn–Cr–Ni–Mo steel material model and numerical simulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance cellulose hydrolysis under high solid loadings, increasing the mixing intensity is often necessary, but this can lead to heightened product inhibition. In this work, the effect of mixing on high-solid cellulose hydrolysis was investigated. Through response surface optimization experiments, the optimal mixing intensities for 15%, 25%, and 35% (w/v) cellulose hydrolysis were obtained under different levels of product inhibition. A combined mixing optimization strategy was developed for different solid concentrations, aiming to enhance both the glucose yield and the conversion rate of microcrystalline cellulose and corn cobs. After optimization, the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose resulted in glucose concentrations of 85 g/L, 130 g/L, and 167 g/L, corresponding to maximal conversion enhancements of 23%, 13%, and 8.6%, respectively. Similarly, the hydrolysis of corn cobs achieved glucose concentrations of 81 g/L, 124.6 g/L, and 140 g/L, with maximal conversion improvements of 4%, 5%, and 13%. These results indicate that the optimized strategy can effectively improve the conversion rate of high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of mild strategies to transform of fructose to prepare high-purity 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance for biomass valorization, and the design of an efficient catalytic approach is crucial. Herein, a mild catalytic strategy was developed to achieve the preparation of high-purity HMF from fructose over Amberlyst-15 catalyst in a water-methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) biphasic system under atmospheric pressure and lower temperature (90 °C). The catalytic system was optimized and analyzed by response surface methodology and kinetics study. Results indicated that a 46.6% yield of HMF could be obtained under optimal conditions: 80 wt% Amberlyst-15 catalyst, the mass ratio of MIBK to H2O 10, and the reaction time of 7 h. Furthermore, a simple and efficient purification strategy of HMF was established. High purity (99.0%) and recovery rate (65.5%) of HMF were obtained. This work provides an efficient catalytic strategy to produce high-purity HMF from fructose under atmospheric pressure and lower temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates tube-in-tube heat exchanger performance under steady-state conditions, examining co-current and counter-current flows. It explores various configurations, including metal foam enhancements, to optimize heat transfer efficiency and minimize pressure drop. Driven by the potential of metal foam to enhance heat transfer, the study aims to demonstrate significant improvements in thermal performance compared to conventional designs. Experimental methods involve testing four configurations with Nickel foam (10 PPI, 0.90 porosity) inserts, evaluating temperatures and pressure drops across flow rates of 25 to 50 LPH. Hot water at 65°C flows in the annulus, while normal water at 31°C flows in the outer annulus. Results show metal foam’s substantial enhancement in heat transfer, with counter-current metal foam configurations achieving up to 3.71 times greater efficiency than parallel flow setups. Moreover, comprehensive performance evaluation reveals that the counter-flow heat exchanger with metal foam is 2.03 times more efficient than the conventional co-current flow without metal foam. Conclusions highlight metal foam’s effectiveness in improving heat transfer performance and optimizing thermal systems through systematic parameter optimization using response surface methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substrate that adheres between the teeth of the traveling track plate during the operation of a deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining vehicle affects the driving performance, so this study aimed to investigate the effect of the water jet on the cleaning and decontamination performance of the track under different conditions. An optimization design method based on response surface methodology (RSM) is proposed. Based on the Box–Behnken design, the optimization variables of jet pressure, jet target distance, and impact angle, and the target response of jet strike pressure on tracks, were selected, and the numerical simulation method was combined with the response surface method to establish the regression model of the response of each optimization variable to the jet strike pressure on tracks and to determine the optimal parameter combinations. The study findings indicate that the primary factor influencing the pressure of the jet striking the crawler is the jet pressure. The hierarchical order of influence on the pressure of the jet striking the crawler, under the interaction of the three factors, is as follows: jet pressure and impact angle, jet pressure and target distance of the jet, and target distance of the jet and impact angle. The maximum pressure of the jet striking the crawler occurs when the jet pressure is 0.983 MPa, the target distance is 0.14 m, and the impact angle is 89.5°. Overall, the proposed design serves as a systematic framework for parameter optimization in the cleaning and decontamination process, and the research method and results provide theoretical references for the optimal design of mining truck desorption efficiency, which is critical for increasing mining efficiency and lowering energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil being a naturally formed material, the prediction and analysis of anchor uplift capacity incorporating the inherent variabilities in the soil properties is essential. This paper presents a probabilistic analysis of horizontal strip anchors in spatially varying soil using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as a prediction model. The use of MARS in spatially varying soils is proposed, and its advantage over the conventional expensive Monte Carlo simulations is reported in this paper. The soil cohesion and friction angle have been modeled as lognormal random fields, and the influence of the spatially distributed soil properties on the anchor uplift capacity is assessed in the current study. Furthermore, a comparison between the deterministic and reliability-based design methodologies is presented, and their implications on the design of foundation are discussed. The results indicate that the code-specified factor of safety (FOS) value of 1.5 does not fulfill the target probability of failure ( P f ) values recommended in probabilistic design. A minimum FOS = 2 is required to satisfy the P f ≤ 0.001 criteria, which is usually recommended for the design of foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we prepared two kinds of nanocomposites (MCT#1 and MCT#2) involving MWCNTs and TiO2 nanoparticles. The characterisation of the samples is carried out based on FTIR spectroscopy and TEM. The Ti-O groups that is attributed to the TiO2 nanoparticles can be confirmed according to the FTIR analysis. TEM images show that the average particle size of TiO2 nanoparticles in prepare MCT#1 and MCT#2 is equal to 13 nm and 15 nm, respectively. The influences of nanocomposites weight fraction and illumination time are investigated on the decomposition rate of methyl orange (MO) as pollutant. The photocatalytic results exhibit that the decomposition rate of MO is increased with respect to the weight fraction and illumination time. Meanwhile, higher decomposition rate can be observed using MCT#2 compared to MCT#1. Statistical analysis of the results based on Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05 reveals that all of the applied levels of the factors have a significant effect on the decomposition rate. The response surface results confirm that the effect of illumination time is high that that of weight fraction of MCT#1 and MCT#2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast-running surrogate computational models (simpler computational models) have been successfully used to replace time-intensive finite element models. However, it is unclear how well they perform in accurately and efficiently replicating complex, full human body finite element models. Here we survey several surrogate modeling techniques and assess their accuracy in predicting full strain fields of tissues of interest during a highly dynamic behind armor blunt trauma impact to the liver. We found that coupling dimensionality reduction on the high-dimensional output space (principal component analysis or autoencoders) with machine learning techniques (Gaussian Process Regression or multi-output neural networks) provides a framework capable of accurately and efficiently replacing complex full human body models. It was found that these surrogate models can successfully predict the strain fields (<10% average strain error) of select tissues during a nonlinear impact event but careful consideration should be given to element parsing and modeling technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem that peanut harvesting in hilly areas mainly involves fresh food, and that the peanut-picking purity rate is low and there is high breakage in the peanut-harvesting process, key components such as the picking system of a fresh-peanut-picking crawler combine harvester, the picking tooth, and the concave screen were designed, and ANSYS Workbench 2020 software was used to check the reliability of the picking roller under working conditions in hilly areas. In the process of equipment operation, the picking purity rate and breakage rate were the main evaluation indexes, and the Box–Behnken test method was used to study the speed of the peanut-picking roller, the feeding amount, and the picking gap as the test factors. The results showed that the picking purity rate is 98.95%, with an error margin of 0.98%, compared to the predicted value under the conditions of 342 r/min speed, 0.75 kg/s feeding amount, and 32 mm picking gap. The breakage rate is 4.23% and the error is 0.4% compared with the predicted value, indicating that the optimized model is reliable and predictive. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the peanut-picking system of peanut-picking combine harvesters in hilly areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roller piston pump is a new type of axial piston pump. The pump has the advantages of high limiting speed, low noise, and vibration compared to the traditional axial piston pump. However, the structure and flow channel of the cylinder block of the roller piston pump are more complicated. When the cylinder block is subjected to high hydraulic pressure, its radial compressive deformation is large, which will lead to wear of the cylinder block and distribution shaft. For this problem, the paper will optimize the structural parameters of the cylinder block. Eight key parameters of the cylinder block are selected as the design variables, and the maximum radial deformation and mass of the cylinder block are taken as the optimization objectives. The central composite design method is used to generate 81 sets of sample data, and the second-order response surface model is obtained by regression analysis. The optimal structural parameters of the cylinder block are obtained through multi-objective optimization, and the material of the cylinder block is optimized. Finally, an experiment bench was built for experimental validation, and the efficiency of the pump was further investigated. The optimization results show that the maximum compression deformation of the inner diameter surface of the cylinder block decreases from 15.865 to 4.903 µm, and the mass of the cylinder block increases from 434.951 to 489.892 g. The experimental results show that the load-bearing pressure of the optimized roller piston pump increases from less than 15 to 35 MPa, and compared with the traditional axial piston pump, there is an increase in both mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orange juice is a highly nutritious beverage. Traditional pasteurization methods cause nutrient loss and taste changes. Plasma treatment (PT) is an emerging method with a high sterilization rate. This study investigated the effects of corona discharge plasma on the sterilization of orange juice by changes in color difference, total phenol content, and pH value. Single‐factor experiments revealed that higher voltage (40 kV) and longer sterilization time (25 min) had better sterilization effects. Response surface analysis indicated that frequency had the greatest impact on sterilization rates, and the optimal sterilization conditions were a voltage of 44.75 kV, a frequency of 9.46 kHz, and a sterilization time of 25 min. Under these conditions, the sterilization rate reached 97.9%, meeting the national standard of 104 colony‐forming units/mL (GB7101‐2022). Compared to untreated juices, the color difference value was 16.32, the pH value decreased by 0.12, and the total phenol content increased by 0.669 mg/mL. However, the evaporation of water plays an important role in increasing the total phenol co. Moreover, the comparative analysis showed that PT was comparable to pasteurization in terms of sterilization effects, flavor preservation, and the concentration of bioactive components. This study provides a theoretical basis for industrial applications of PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRecombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) is a widely used biological product, but it is unstable and its biological activity is easy to decrease. In order to maintain the long-term stability and biological activity of rh-aFGF, based on the response surface method, the freeze-drying characterization and cell proliferation rate of rh-aFGF freeze-dried powder were evaluated by scoring and Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in this study. The optimal concentrations of trehalose, glycine and BSA were optimized, and the optimal formulation was verified by regression experiment. The results showed that trehalose, glycine and BSA had significant effects on the characterization of lyophilized rh-aFGF and cell proliferation. The optimal formulation of 5.7% trehalose, 2.04% glycine and 1.98%BSA combined with rh-aFGF could achieve the optimal freeze-dried characterization and biological activity. Using the best formulation to verify, the freeze-dried formability index of the freeze-dried powder was 23.35, and the rate of cell proliferation was 43.59%, which was close to the expected 23 and 41.69%. This study determined a freeze-dried formulation of rh-aFGF that meets the requirements of freeze-dried formalization integrity and maintains biological activity, providing reliable support for the subsequent development of related drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon black particles possess dimensions on the nanometer or sub-nanometer scale. When utilized, these particles have a tendency to aggregate, which compromises their stability under storage conditions. To address this issue, a dispersant was prepared using cotton short fibers as raw materials through etherification and graft polymerization with acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as raw materials. The dispersant was then used to disperse carbon black to test its dispersing performance. A response surface optimization test was utilized to ascertain the influence of AMPS monomer mass, AM monomer mass, and potassium persulfate (KPS) initiator mass on the dispersibility of carbon black during dispersant preparation, and a set of optimal preparation conditions were obtained. The dispersion stability of carbon black in water was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), zeta potential analysis, high magnification scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Results revealed that the optimum mass ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to AMPS to AM was 1:0.69:1.67, with the KPS initiator comprising 1.56% of the total monomer mass. By incorporating the dispersant at a concentration of 37.50%, the particle size of carbon black particles was observed to decrease from 5.350 μm to 0.255 μm, and no agglomeration of carbon black particles occurred even after 3 weeks of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal spontaneous combustion often occurs in hidden areas and is one of the main disasters in mines. The process of coal spontaneous combustion can be effectively blocked by adding inhibitors. A composite phase change material with stable performance and large heat storage was prepared based on the staged characteristics of coal oxidation and the critical temperature point. To further explore the inhibitory properties of the material, three factors were selected: inhibitor concentration, coal samples particle size and coal samples volatilization, and the orthogonal table were used to design the experiment. The variation law of index gas with coal temperature was obtained through the programmed heating device. Compared with the characteristic temperature values of CO occurrence temperature, fire coefficient R2 = 0.02 and R3 = 0.1, the range and variance analysis showed that when the addition amount was 4%, the material had the best performance in inhibiting coal oxidation. Then, the effectiveness of range analysis was verified according to the response surface method. According to the infrared spectroscopy experiment, it is found that the composite phase change material effectively reduced the content of oxygen-containing functional groups and methylene groups, and slowed down the process of coal oxidation and self-heating. In addition, during the oxidation process of coal, the material decomposes water molecules to increase the hydroxyl content, which was conducive to reducing the coal temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aeroengines, the fir-tree slot or tenon is a key component that connects the turbine disc and blades. Accordingly, it requires a high surface quality and highly precise contour machining. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) offers highly precise machining, favorable surface quality, and vital machining flexibility, which are fundamentally advantageous for low-cost manufacturing of turbine disc tenon-slot structures. In this study, single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were employed to analyze the relationships between surface roughness (Rz), kerf width (K), pulse width, pulse interval, peak current, and voltage. In addition, predictive mathematical models describing how the surface roughness and kerf width are related to the discharge parameters were established. The maximum relative errors of the model predictions for the surface roughness and kerf width were only 4.55% and 7.03%, respectively, and they were distributed randomly. Combined with the prediction model, the offset of each time of multiple cuts was predicted and corrected. A 40-mm-thick superalloy Inconel 718 workpiece was used to machine a fir-tree slot structure with a surface roughness Ra of 0.432 μm, maximum recast layer thickness of 3.1 μm, and internal and external deviations of − 0.0089 mm and 0.009 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic or natural cationic polymers, such as polyacrylamide and chitosan, are exploited as coagulants due to their characteristics, such as a high positive surface charge. Due to variations in culture conditions, such as species and cell concentration, different interactions of coagulants with microalgae occur, affecting the efficiency of biomass recovery. Thus, in this study, the separation efficiency of biomass of the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus was evaluated by coagulation-flocculation with the synthetic polymer polyacrylamide and natural polymer chitosan to optimize the dose and pH by means of a rotational central composite design. Biomass removal efficiencies greater than 90% and greater than 70% were observed for the synthetic polymer and chitosan, respectively. Notably, the reduced optical density and biological nature of microalgae make the use of response surface methodology challenging. Optimal regions with doses of 12.8 mg of synthetic polymer and 5.0 mg of chitosan were obtained per liter of microalgae sample. An optimal pH of 6.5, falling within the natural range of culture conditions was indicated for both coagulants, minimizing reagent costs. The interaction with microalgae and the potential application of chitosan and other natural coagulants that are efficient and economically viable should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixture designs are employed to systematically change the composition of mixtures and investigate how those changes impact their properties. However, all mixture designs currently available are impractical for analyzing mixtures with relatively large numbers of ingredients. In response, this article presents a novel solution that builds on the construction of a new experimental design called "fractional mixture design". The design involves screening the ingredients in mixtures and enables the subsequent construction of a classical mixture design for optimizing mixtures. The design and its accompanying methodology were developed to analyze native strains found in successful spontaneous fermentations with the goal of constructing a mixed starter culture to transition from spontaneous to directed fermentation in the production of agave distillates. The results showed that a starter culture composed of the native strains Kluyveromyces marxianus, Clavispora lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. drosophilarum, in respective proportions of 35%, 32%, and 33%, enabled the production of a fermented product with 2.1% alcohol and a broad profile of aromatic compounds. Hence, the results show, for the first time, a tool that addresses the technical challenge that allows studying a relatively large number of ingredients in mixtures and a two-stage sequential methodology to construct optimal mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asphalt aging and fatigue cause the pavement performance to decline, affecting the service life of the pavement. However, limited research on impact laws and the mechanism of asphalt oxidation kinetic aging on fatigue performance, and no consistent conclusions about this issue as well. In this study, the asphalt aged for different periods, then time sweep tests were performed. The fatigue performance of asphalt at different aging periods was studied through various fatigue life indicators that were determined according to different fatigue failure criteria. It is found that the longer the aging time, the greater the asphalt fatigue life when the strains are 5% and 10%, and the increase rate is faster at the shorter aging time and slower at the longer aging time, while the change rate is relatively small when the strain is 15%. There are strong linear correlations among the various indicators. The quadratic equation model is established to predict bitumen fatigue life by response surface method, and the significance of the model is studied by analysis of variance. The results show that the model is accurate and reasonable. The impact of aging time and strain level as well as their interaction on the model were analyzed. It is found that the effect of aging time on the fatigue life of asphalt is more significant when the strain is small, and the effect of aging time on the fatigue life of asphalt decrease with the increase of strain. The influence of strain level on the fatigue life of asphalt is relatively small when the aging time is shorter, and the effect of strain on fatigue life gradually increases with the increase of aging time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation was centered on the intricate processes of fabricating and fine–tuning the concentration of microcellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The objective was to employ it as a reinforcing agent, with sorbitol serving as a plasticizer, and chitosan acting as both a plasticizer and a strengthening agent for the formulation of bioplastic films to gain higher value mechanically. The cellulose extraction involved a methodical delignification approach, extracting lignin and hemicellulose from OPEFB to yield brown pulp. Subsequent double peroxide bleaching was employed to reduce the lignin concentration in the pulp. Leveraging the Box–Behnken experimental within a response surface methodology framework, the study scrutinized the influence of independent parameters (additive concentrations) on the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the fabricated bioplastic films. Noteworthy variations in ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus were discerned, underscoring the impact of microparticle loading on the mechanical attributes of the bioplastic films. The quadratic polynomial model derived from experimental data exhibited coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.8690 for ultimate tensile strength and 0.6793 for Young's modulus, affirming the adeptness of the models in navigating the optimization space. Microcellulose was isolated (30 – 40) wt.% of OPEFB as the white pulp which revealed a homogenous dispersion with chitosan in the corn starch matrix. The superior tensile strength and Young's modulus were observed at 6.84 MPa and 21.94 MPa respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel axisymmetric Helmholtz phononic crystal (AHPC) and conducts an in-depth investigation. A numerical model was developed to derive the complete bandgap of the AHPC structure, revealing the mechanism behind the formation of the bandgap, describing the characteristics of the sound pressure distribution at the edges of the bandgap, and confirming the low-frequency bandgap through experimentation, thereby validating the accuracy of the numerical model. The effects of neck length, neck width and cavity length on the low-frequency bandgap width and bandgap edge frequency were quantitatively investigated, identifying that these three parameters are the main factors affecting the bandgap distribution. Both the neck length and cavity length are positively correlated with the bandgap width and negatively correlated with the edge frequency of the bandgap, while the neck width shows a positive correlation with both bandgap width and edge frequency. Response surface analysis based on the Box-Behnken model was performed, and the functional relationships between the three factors and the bandgap width or the lower limit of the bandgap were obtained. Using these functional expressions, the structural parameters were optimized via the interior point method. The optimization results were verified by numerical simulation, and the optimal AHPC structure with a low-frequency bandgap ranging from 298. 49 Hz to 519. 27 Hz was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The co-combustion characteristics of furfural residue (FR) and oil shale (OS) were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer under different heating rate (10, 30, 50 °C/min) and mixing ratio (1:0; 3:1; 1:1; 1:3; 0:1). The effects of synergy was estimated by using the interaction coefficient, and the kinetics were looked at using the Coats-Redfern method in the co-combustion of furfural residue (FR) and oil shale (OS). To obtain the maximum the flammability index (C) and comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI), and minimum activation energy (Em), the response surface method (RSM) was employed to find the best mixing ratio and heating rate. The ignition temperature (T1) and burnout temperature (T2) went down as the FR mixing ratio went up, but the fuel's highest burning rate (Rmax), the average burn rate (Ra), C, and CCI of mixed samples went up as the FR mixing ratio went up. The sample's T1, T2, Rmax, Ra, C, and CCI all went up as the heating rate went up. As the rate of heating went up, E of combustion went down. E of mixed fuel combustion was lower than E of FR combustion alone, which showed that there were interactions in the mixed combustion. The effects of this synergy were clearer when the temperature was higher. According to the model optimization, the optimal conditions were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of gas channeling during CO2 flooding in low-permeability reservoirs, a novel CO2 responsive gel channeling system was prepared by using carrageenan, branched polyethylene imide and ethylenediamine under laboratory conditions. Based on the Box–Behnken response surface design method, the optimal synthesis concentration of the system was 0.5 wt% carrageenan, 2.5 wt% branchized polyethylenimide and 6.5 wt% ethylenediamine. The micromorphology of the system before and after response was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The rheology and dehydration rate were tested under different conditions. The channeling performance and enhanced oil recovery effect of the gel system were simulated by a core displacement experiment. The experimental results show that the internal structure of the system changes from a disordered, smooth and loosely separated lamellae structure to a more uniform, complete and orderly three-dimensional network structure after exposure to CO2. The viscosity of the system was similar to aqueous solution before contact with CO2 and showed viscoelastic solid properties after contact with CO2. The experiment employing dehydration rates at different temperatures showed that the internal structure of the gel would change at a high temperature, but the gel system had a certain self-healing ability. The results of the displacement experiment show that the plugging rate of the gel system is stable at 85.32% after CO2 contact, and the recovery rate is increased by 17.06%, which provides an important guide for the development of low-permeability reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Watershed‐scale runoff responses are driven by various factors including climate, geology, soils, topography and landcover. They are often threshold‐mediated, expressing significant changes in hydrologic behaviour at critical moments in time or points in space. The influence of multiple explanatory variables on rainfall‐runoff relationships is not adequately captured by commonly applied approaches portraying runoff responses as a function of one variable related to watershed storage. In this case study, a novel approach was borrowed from ecological research to quantify and better understand threshold‐mediated runoff responses. Modelled three‐dimensional surfaces depicting metrics of event runoff responses as a function of rainfall amount and intensity were analysed to quantify both the abruptness of potential thresholds (i.e., threshold strength) and the simultaneous influence of different rainfall characteristics on the response (i.e., diagonality). The approach was applied to sub‐watersheds of the Humber River (Ontario, Canada), which have a nested configuration and a strong land use gradient, providing an opportunity to explore how the interplay between rainfall amount and intensity in determining runoff response is affected by sub‐watershed physical features. The study revealed that threshold strengths and the simultaneous influence of rainfall amount and intensity varied, depending on the sub‐watershed and event‐specific conditions. There was evidence that sub‐watershed slope and imperviousness along with the watershed position relative to prevailing weather patterns influences threshold strength and diagonality. This research extends threshold analyses in hydrology to encompass multiple explanatory variables: it aligns more closely with perceptual models of runoff generation and encourages a reimagining of thresholds as discontinuities in response across various combinations of explanatory variables. The threshold strength and diagonality parameters facilitate objective comparisons of thresholds across space and time and may be valuable tools for watershed classification and inter‐comparison, and for evaluating and/or calibrating rainfall‐runoff models. These promising lines of inquiry would be best served by applying this methodology across a broader range of spatial scales and hydroclimatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ancient classic prescription play a crucial role in the preservation and advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories. They represent a significant milestone in the ongoing development and transmission of TCM knowledge and practices and are considered one of the breakthroughs in the development of TCM inheritance. In the process of developing ancient classic prescriptions, many problems may still arise in ensuring quality consistency between traditional methods and modern production processes, among which the extraction process poses major challenges. This paper introduces a practical approach extracting an ancient classic prescription using a modern extraction process. The technique is demonstrated through the study of the extraction process of Shenshou Taiyi powder (STP). Methods: This study focuses on optimising the STP extraction process to ensure consistency in the quality of the product obtained through ancient and modern processes using the standard relation and fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method integrated weights combined with the Box-Behnken response surface test. Using the contents of rosmarinic acid, isoimperatorin, puerarin, as well as the extract yield and fingerprint similarity as evaluation indexes of STP, the Box-Behnken response surface method was employed to examine the varying extraction parameters, including water addition ratio, extraction duration, and number of extractions. The weighted coefficients for each parameter were calculated by combining the benchmark correlation and FAHP-CRITIC method, deriving a comprehensive score. Results: The optimal extraction process for STP consisted of a two extractions, each using at a tenfold quantity of water, performed for one hour. Process verification across three separate batches yielded a comprehensive score of 94.7, with a relative standard deviation of 0.76%. Conclusions: The application of the Box-Behnken response surface method combined with standard relation and FAHP-CRITIC approach proved to be stable and feasible for optimising the extraction process of STP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to improve the fixational rate of reactive dyes, response surface methodology was used to optimize the dyeing process of cotbon fabric in systatin non-Rueous and less water medium. The interaction among sodium carbonate concentration, Fixation time and fixation temperature was studied, and the optimum process parameters were optimized^ sodium carbonate concentration 48 g/L, fixation time lOmin and fixation temperature 89 °C . According to the optimum process conditions, the predicted fixation rate is 75. 67%. The fixation rate calculated by experiment is 76. 73%, which is consistent with the predicted value [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To extract Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) from Astragalus membranaceus using compound enzymes (including papain, pectinase and cellulase), and to analyze the effect of process conditions on APS extraction. Methods: Orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the proportion of compound enzymes. The response surface method was used to optimize the conditions of extracting APS with compound enzymes. The optimal process condition was obtained, and the α-glucosidase-inhibiting effect of APS was evaluated by pNPG method. Results: For 5 g of Astragalus herbs, the optimal ratio of papain, pectinase and cellulase were 88000 U, 65000 U and 6000 U, respectively. The optimal extraction condition was as follows: time of 2.82 h, temperature at 60.34 ℃, pH of 5.11, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:34.46 g/mL. The yield of APS under the optimal condition was up to 22.79%±0.14%. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of APS for α-glucosidase was 7.42 μg/mL. Conclusion: The yield of APS by compound enzymes is significantly higher than that by single enzymes, and APS can effectively inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase.

ObjectiveTo establish a method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of six common trichothecene toxins in oats.MethodsOats were selected as the research subject in this study. Response surface design was used to optimize the QuEChERS extraction method. Additionally, a rapid and efficient strategy for sample extraction and purification was developed. Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS, six commonly co-occurring trichothecene toxins in oats were quantitatively analyzed simultaneously.ResultsThis method demonstrated good analytical performance for each analyte across the corresponding concentration ranges (r>0.99), with accuracy ranging from 87.26% to 99.64%. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8% and 5.5%, respectively, indicating its potential for practical application. This method was used to detect mycotoxins in 12 oat samples from China, and it was found that one sample exceeded the standard limits for deoxynivalenol (DON), and the co-contamination of trichothecene toxin was prevalent.ConclusionThe risk posed by these toxins has been underestimated. Ongoing, extensive monitoring is necessary to provide contamination data to assess the consumer risk.

The amount of rural sewage varies greatly, which easily affects the normal operation of sewage treatment facilities. The application of waste bricks to construct rural sewage treatment type household manholes can realize front pollution control, improve the stability of the rural sewage treatment system, and realize the resource utilization of rural construction wastes, which has a broad prospect. However, the influencing factors and parameter selection of this technology are not clear, which affects its popularization and application. To solve the above problems,this study adopted small and pilot devices, combined with material characterization, single factor analysis and response surface analysis to study the influence of waste brick particle size, pollution control effect and parameter optimization process of waste brick-based rural sewage treatment type household manholes. It was found that waste brick-based rural sewage treatment type household manholes had good sewage treatment effects, and waste brick fragments with particle size of 0.5-

Abstract Background Ancient classic prescription play a crucial role in the preservation and advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories. They represent a significant milestone in the ongoing development and transmission of TCM knowledge and practices and are considered one of the breakthroughs in the development of TCM inheritance. In the process of developing ancient classic prescriptions, many problems may still arise in ensuring quality consistency between traditional methods and modern production processes, among which the extraction process poses major challenges. This paper introduces a practical approach extracting an ancient classic prescription using a modern extraction process. The technique is demonstrated through the study of the extraction process of Shenshou Taiyi powder (STP). Methods This study focuses on optimising the STP extraction process to ensure consistency in the quality of the product obtained through ancient and modern processes using the standard relation and fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method integrated weights combined with the Box-Behnken response surface test. Using the contents of rosmarinic acid, isoimperatorin, puerarin, as well as the extract yield and fingerprint similarity as evaluation indexes of STP, the Box-Behnken response surface method was employed to examine the varying extraction parameters, including water addition ratio, extraction duration, and number of extractions. The weighted coefficients for each parameter were calculated by combining the benchmark correlation and FAHP-CRITIC method, deriving a comprehensive score. Results The optimal extraction process for STP consisted of a two extractions, each using at a tenfold quantity of water, performed for one hour. Process verification across three separate batches yielded a comprehensive score of 94.7, with a relative standard deviation of 0.76%. Conclusions The application of the Box-Behnken response surface method combined with standard relation and FAHP-CRITIC approach proved to be stable and feasible for optimising the extraction process of STP.

In this paper, using a direct current (DC) corona discharge with a bee-slot wire-barrel construction, the degrading efficiency of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) was examined in terms of cooking temperature, duct gas flow rate, and discharge voltage. The amount of NMHCs produced was investigated under each condition of cooking temperature of 80–120 °C and cooking oils of soybean oil, peanut oil, canola oil and lard. When soybean oil was used as the cooking fume at a cooking temperature of 200 °C, the largest concentration of NMHCs was formed. In the degradation experiment, it was found that the corona discharge treatment effect was very good, which was proportional to the discharge voltage and inversely proportional to the cooking temperature and gas flow rate, and the treatment effect was the best when the discharge voltage was 34 kV, the cooking temperature was 120 ℃ and the gas flow rate was 25 m/s, the degradation rate reached 91.40%, and the degradation could meet the national emission standards. Meanwhile, the degradation mechanism of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene, which are more toxic and have larger concentration in the cooking fume, was analyzed. Furthermore, response surface optimization experiments were also conducted, and the best combination of the optimized factors was 34 kV input voltage, 127.7 °C cooking temperature, and 0.011 s treatment time.Highlights: The cooking fume was degradation by DC corona discharge. NMTH be studied about the impacts of various temperatures and oil types. Temperature, air velocity and discharge voltage were considered as influence factors. Response surface optimization experiments were also conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a combination of Serratia nematophila L2 and Bacillus velezensis W24 was used to biocontrol Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. When the mixed ratio of L2 to W24 was 1:1, the inhibition rate on the growth of S. sclerotiorum was 88.1 %. To gain a large number of bacteria, the culture medium and conditions were optimized. When the medium formula involved molasses (8.890 g/L), soy peptone (6.826 g/L), and NaCl (6.865 g/L), and the culture conditions were 32 °C, inoculum 4%, rotation speed 200 rpm, and pH 7, the maximum amounts of bacterial cells obtained. In order to prepare microcapsules, spray drying conditions were optimized. These conditions included the soluble starch concentration of 30 g/100 mL, the inlet air temperature of 160 °C, and the feed flow rate of 450 mL/h. Under these optimized conditions to prepare microcapsules, the mixed strain (L2 and W24) exhibited a survival rate of 93.9 ± 0.9% and a viable bacterial count of 6.4 × 1012 cfu/g. In addition, microcapsules (GW24Ms) which contained strains L2 and W24 had good storage stability. In the pot experiment, GW24Ms could effectively reduce the disease of soybean plants and the control effect was 88.4%. Thus, the microbial agent represents a promising biocontrol solution for managing Sclerotinia in soybean. • The GW24 (W24 and L2 strains were mixed) could inhibit the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. • The culture conditions and medium of GW24 were optimized. • The GW24 microcapsules were prepared by spray drying. • The GW24 microcapsules had great storage ability. • The GW24 microcapsules had great effects on S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from multiple informants has long been considered best practice in education. However, multiple informants often disagree on similar constructs, complicating decision-making. Polynomial regression and response-surface analysis (PRA) is often used to test the congruence effect between multiple informants on an outcome. However, PRA assumes the congruence effect on the outcome is homogeneous across individuals. To investigate unknown heterogeneity in the congruence effect, we introduce polynomial regression mixture modeling (PRMix). We demonstrate how PRMix enhances congruence research by allowing researchers to investigate individual differences in the congruence effect. The differential congruence effects between latent classes are illustrated with response-surface plots. We provide practical suggestions for using PRMix and discuss future research directions in methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces an integrated optimization methodology for spindle design, combining the improved dung beetle optimization (IDBO) algorithm with finite element analysis (FEA). The IDBO algorithm, enhanced in population initialization and convergence factors, minimizes total deformation and mass, addressing a multi-objective optimization model. The obtained optimal parameters guide the construction of a finite element model, considering additional factors like stiffness and maximum stress. The ensuing FEA produces a foundation for constructing a response surface, further optimized to refine the initial design. Through the combination of the IDBO algorithm and FEA method, the mass of the spindle is reduced from 46.582 kg obtained by the IDBO algorithm solution to 28.479 kg, a total reduction of 38.86%, while meeting design requirements such as maximum total deformation. Modal analysis up to the sixth order validates the design correctness reveals dynamic spindle behavior and guarantees the design requirements. The study demonstrates the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed IDBO algorithm in conjunction with FEA, providing a versatile framework for engineering optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]