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PbS quantum dots have demonstrated potential as cost-effective materials for near-infrared photodetectors. Nevertheless, the performance of single-layer PbS quantum dot photodetectors remains unsatisfactory due to the low carrier mobility and high defect state concentration of colloidal quantum dot thin films. In this article, PbS quantum dot films are employed as the sensitizing layers for a-IGZO-based field-effect transistors (FET), which are able to achieve a low dark current and relatively high photocurrent simultaneously when working in the Poole–Frenkel emission region. The as prepared device shows a high responsivity of 25.89 A/W and detectivity of 2.46 × 1012 Jones, but very slow response speed with a decay time of 554 ms, which should be attributed to the high trap density in the PbS quantum dots film. Thus, we proposed a rapid annealing oxidation process to passivate the defects. As a result, after annealing in air at 100 °C for 10 min, the response speed of the device is significantly improved, and the decay time is as short as 2.5 ms, only at the expense of some responsivity and selectivity loss. However, further increasing the annealing temperature leads to excessive photocurrent loss and even affects the response speed improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study addressed the still-open issue of whether semantic (in addition to response) conflict does indeed contribute to Stroop interference (which along with facilitation contributes to the overall Stroop effect also known as Congruency effect). To this end, semantic conflict was examined across the entire response time (RT) distribution (as opposed to mean RTs). Three (out of four) reported experiments, along with cross-experimental analyses, revealed that semantic conflict was absent in the participants' faster responses. This result characterizes Stroop interference as a unitary phenomenon (i.e., driven uniquely by response conflict). When the same participants' responses were slower, Stroop interference became a composite phenomenon with an additional contribution of semantic conflict that was statistically independent of both response conflict and facilitation. While the present findings allow us to account for the fact that semantic conflict has not been consistently found in past studies, further empirical and theoretical efforts are still needed to explain why exactly it is restricted to longer responses. Indeed, since neither unitary nor composite models can account for this polymorphic nature of Stroop interference on their own, the implications for the current state of theory are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the orderly control and flexible adjustment capabilities of large-scale distributed power sources connected to the distribution network, it is currently an effective method to reasonably divide the distributed power sources into clusters and use the cluster as the basic unit for regulation. To this end, a distributed power cluster partitioning method that considers the adjustable capacity and response speed of flexible resources is proposed. Firstly, the modularity index and the active power balance index are proposed to characterize the structural and power balance capability of clusters. Secondly, based on the analysis of the cluster's flexible response capability, and in view of the problem that it is difficult to quantify the impact of the flexible resource response capacity and response speed on the adjustment capability, it is proposed to take the cumulative area of deviation between the response curve of cluster output and the net load curve as the indicator of the flexible response capability of clusters, and the influence of the allocation of energy storage capacity on the delineation of clusters is also taken into account. Then, a cluster division objective function that comprehensively considers the modularity index, active power balance index, cluster flexible response capability index and energy storage unit allocation index is proposed, and this function is solved using an improved adaptive genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is verified in the improved IEEE 33-node system and IEEE 69-node system. The results show that the cluster partitioning method based on the proposed comprehensive performance index can improve the cluster flexible response capability by more than 20% on the basis of ensuring the structural strength of the cluster, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the cluster partitioning method proposed in this paper.

The article discusses Paul Fraisse’s early study of the timing of what he called ‘spontaneous’ rhythms, where people were required to perform a specified sequence of spaced taps on a response key without the times between the responses being controlled. Results come from his doctoral thesis, carried out under the supervision of Albert Michotte in Louvain/Leuven in Belgium between 1935 and 1937. In spite of the lack of timing instructions, responses were divided into ‘short times’ (around 200 ms), ‘long times’ (usually around 450 ms), and ‘pauses’ (the times between execution of consecutive rhythmic sequences). This division held over changes in the tap sequence, when different patterns of three, four, and five responses were produced. A later experiment varied total sequence duration, including the pauses, and the ratio of long to short times was approximately preserved even with marked changes in sequence duration, except at the slowest speed. Fraisse regarded the pause as having a different function from the short and long times. It changed only slightly when the pattern changed, but marked changes in the duration of the pause did not affect the pattern. Fraisse suggested it was a kind of separator, needed to maintain the rhythmic structure of the patterns, and used the idea of a temporal ‘Gestalt’ where the pause represented the ‘ground’ or ‘framework’ and the rhythmic sequence the ‘Figure ’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different approaches have been introduced to raise the response speed of bulk heterojunction‐based organic photodiodes (OPDs), with the best‐performing devices now having speeds in the MHz range. In most organic photodiodes, the response speed is commonly assumed to be due to transit time of charge carriers. Upon investigating fluence‐dependent photoresponse of different OPDs, it is found here that bimolecular recombination dictates the response speed at higher fluence levels. Herein, four different organic blend based photodiode systems and their response speed to a range of incident optical fluences are reported. A steep variation in response speed, depending upon the blend system is observed. Using experimental and theoretical studies, the intensity‐dependent response speeds are attributed to differences in the suppressed recombination factor. A high factor enables faster response times in the regime of higher light intensity. This new approach to high‐speed detections has implications for the design of high‐speed organic photodetectors, especially in applications where the speed of the photodetector is most important irrespective of the intensity of the incident signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Casadevante et al. (Curr Psychol 42: 4272–4285, 2023) used an objective test and found that regulation of response speed was related to better performance in a category learning task. The present study aims at analysing whether the relation between regulation of response speed and learning exists in an associative learning task. We developed ad hoc the Treasure Forest, an objective test consisting of a computerized associative learning task. We conducted a first study with 86 university students to assess the relation between spontaneous response speed and learning. Results showed that participants who acted slowly learned more than their mates who acted faster (t (83) = 8.898, p <.001, η2 =.672). Moreover, some students who began the task acting too fast to learn decreased their response speed by the second half of the task and simultaneously their learning index improved (t (11) = 2.325, p <.05, d =.721). Hence, self-regulating the response speed was linked to associative learning. We conducted a second study to analyse the influence of an external speed regulation on learning. The intervention group (N = 99) was prevented from clicking more than one click per second while the control group (N = 85) acted without restrictions. The intervention group achieved a higher learning index than the control group, who acted faster (t (160) = 4.828, p <.001, η2 =.117). Hence, regulating response speed promoted associative learning. We concluded that regulating response speed promoted associative learning, and we hypothesized that training self-regulation of response speed may improve learning and academic performance. Besides, we highlight the utility of employing objective test for analysing self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the delay problem of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system during the separation of the fundamental positive-order components and to better filter out the DC and harmonic components to realize accurate phase locking, a mixed second-and third-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (MSTOGI-PLL) has been designed to replace the traditional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). Under the premise of adopting the new phase-locking device of MSTOGI-PLL, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller or the super-twisting algorithm (STA) sliding mode controller is used in the DC voltage control module instead of the traditional PI controller, and the suitability of the two nonlinear controllers with the MSTOGI-PLL device is investigated. First, the new MSTOGI-PLL device is designed, and the new phase-locking method is applied to make the UPQC realize accurate phase locking under the non-ideal situation of the grid voltage containing unbalance, DC component, harmonics, and so on. Based on the above foundation, the ADRC or STA controller is independently adopted to replace the PI controller to construct the UPQC system with the ADRC + MSTOGI phase-locking device and the second-order STA + MSTOGI phase-locking device. Finally, a simulation comparison is carried out in a Simulink simulation platform regarding the UPQC system under different phase-locking devices, and the simulation results demonstrate that MSTOGI-PLL can successfully filter out the DC component and resolve the phase-locking process delay issue. Additionally, the UPQC system with ADRC + MSTOGI-PLL exhibits superior immunity and response speed to the PI controller and the second-order STA controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although ultrahigh photoconductive gain is achieved in organic semiconductor‐sensitized graphene phototransistors, the response speed is limited by the photo‐induced carrier injection at the organic/graphene interface. In this work, an insulating hexagonal boron nitride layer is inserted between the organic heterostructure and graphene to block the interfacial carrier transport. Above the h‐BN layer, the organic heterostructure is adopted as the light‐absorbing layer, and the photoresponse of graphene is realized through electrical gating of the atop h‐BN dielectric layer, by the accumulated carriers in the organic heterostructure. Under this "photo‐induced electrical gating" mechanism, the recombination of nonequilibrium carriers takes place only within the organic heterostructure. Furthermore, monolayer perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is deposited on graphene before transfer of the h‐BN, by which the interfacial encapsulated bubbles are effectively reduced. As a step further, the trap states are pre‐filled with background light illumination, then the carrier recombination follows the band‐to‐band pathway. Finally, the response time of the organic/h‐BN/graphene phototransistor is reduced to 7.15 ms, and a high photoresponsivity is achieved even though the carrier multiplication is sacrificed, which is reconciled by the improvement of the device quantum efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO nanowire is a promising candidate for large-area gated field emitter arrays. How to improve its temporal response is one of the key problems to be solved for applications. In this work, a device model for a gated ZnO nanowire field emitter with consideration of charging and self-heating effect has been established to investigate its temporal response. It is found that while the charging effect is responsible for the delay at the beginning of the pulse, the self-heating effect which induces delay due to the thermal conduction process can shorten the charging time because of its lowering of nanowire resistance. The response time can be minimized when these two effects are balanced at an optimal field which is below the critical field for thermal runaway. We further investigate the optimal response time of a nanowire with the same resistance but a different length, radius, and electrical properties. The results imply that a lower heat capacity and higher critical temperature for thermal runaway are in favor of a shorter response time, which must be taken into account in the reduction in nanowire resistance for improving response speed. All the above should be useful for the device design of a fast-response gated ZnO nanowire field emitter array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, people’s awareness of environmental protection and health, safety and comfortable life has gradually increased, and the demand for textiles has already broken through the limitations of the original shading, warmth, beautification and other aspects, and more inclined to the functionalization and intelligence of textiles. Advanced regions and some developed countries have also turned their attention to smart textiles with lower resource consumption, high economic efficiency and more in line with scientific and technological development. Smart textiles refer to textiles with the ability to perceive and respond to external stimuli, providing more functionality for traditional textiles, including intelligent monitoring products, intelligent heating and temperature control products, intelligent color-changing products, etc. Among them, color-changing textiles are favored by consumers through modern technology, which makes the color of textiles change dynamically with the change of environmental conditions. At present, foreign scholars have developed intelligent color-changing knitted clothing used in the field of military defense; domestic scholars have also applied it to medical detection, strong radiation environmental safety protection and other fields. The body temperature is the key information to reflect human life activities. To visualize the change of body temperature, an intelligent temperature monitoring color changing-fabric was designed and developed. Generally, an ordinary knitted fabric is selected as the base fabric and coated. In this paper, three kinds of knitted fabrics with different structures of mica-modified cool polyester filaments were selected as the base fabric and the coating was finished with temperature sensitivity and color change. Two kinds of reversible temperature-sensitive color-changing powder with different color-changing temperatures and effects were used to make color-changing coatings with water-based polyurethane and thickener, etc. The color-changing coating was coated on the fabric surface to obtain color-changing fabrics with different temperature ranges. The influence of the concentration of waterborne polyurethane, drying temperature and drying time on the color fastness, permeability and other properties of the color-changing fabric was analyzed, and the influence of different structures on the color-changing properties such as the color-changing effect and response speed was investigated. The results show that the higher the surface density, the slower the response speed and the lower the air permeability of the fabric. When the concentration of waterborne polyurethane reaches 60%, the drying temperature is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 7 min, the color fastness of the fabric is the best. Cool weft plain knitted fabrics have the best combined effect of discoloration performance and wear performance, and they are suitable to be used as the base of discoloration fabrics. Subsequent discoloration treatment can be further carried out, which can meet the personalized needs of consumers for clothing, and provide certain reference for the application of cool discoloration fabrics. A kind of thermochromic knitted fabric, which can be applied to intelligent temperature monitoring, is developed by processing and finishing the cool knitted fabric made of cool polyester filaments, which increases the function of the fabric and can monitor human temperature in real time in high temperature season. This provides reference for the innovation of traditional textile products, and a certain basis for the development and research of thermochromic products in the future, and has certain application prospects in the field of wearable display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the delay problem of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system during the separation of the fundamental positive-order components and to better filter out the DC and harmonic components to realize accurate phase locking, a mixed second- and third-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (MSTOGI-PLL) has been designed to replace the traditional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). Under the premise of adopting the new phase-locking device of MSTOGI-PLL, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller or the super-twisting algorithm (STA) sliding mode controller is used in the DC voltage control module instead of the traditional PI controller, and the suitability of the two nonlinear controllers with the MSTOGI-PLL device is investigated. First, the new MSTOGI-PLL device is designed, and the new phase-locking method is applied to make the UPQC realize accurate phase locking under the non-ideal situation of the grid voltage containing unbalance, DC component, harmonics, and so on. Based on the above foundation, the ADRC or STA controller is independently adopted to replace the PI controller to construct the UPQC system with the ADRC + MSTOGI phase-locking device and the second-order STA + MSTOGI phase-locking device. Finally, a simulation comparison is carried out in a Simulink simulation platform regarding the UPQC system under different phase-locking devices, and the simulation results demonstrate that MSTOGI-PLL can successfully filter out the DC component and resolve the phase-locking process delay issue. Additionally, the UPQC system with ADRC + MSTOGI-PLL exhibits superior immunity and response speed to the PI controller and the second-order STA controller.

Fast and high‐linearity detection of fast neutron is vital for special nuclear material seeking, nuclear accident emergency response, nondestructive neutron imaging, and neutron cancer therapy. Neutron scintillators with fast time resolution and linear energy response are indispensable for precisely acquiring the energy and temporal evolution of fast neutron, but none of the conventional neutron scintillators, whether organic, two‐component or inorganic, have performed well in this regard. To address these challenges, it is urgent to develop novel neutron scintillators. Here, 2D hybrid perovskite single crystals (C4H12N)2PbBr4 (BA2PbBr4) successfully combined with fast response time of 2.66 ns and linear energy response to fast neutrons, γ ray, and α particle, is reported. The rapid response time and linear energy response of 2D hybrid perovskite scintillator originate from intensive states density of lead halide frameworks, which are the key fluorescence emitters under neutron irradiation. This effectively suppresses the ionization quenching effect during the fluorescence process. This work represents a milestone in fast neutron detection, demonstrating a new type of neutron scintillator based on 2D hybrid perovskite single crystals with fast and high‐linearity detection characteristics, having great potential in high precision neutron spectrum measurement and nuclear reaction kinetics monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an integrated guidance and control law for dual-controlled interceptor dynamics controlled via tail-fin deflection and reaction jets. Because dual-controlled interceptors have two input channels in each axis, we define two error variables as the first step to derive an integrated controller. One variable is configured as a line-of-sight rate for nullifying heading errors to a target, and the other is established to allocate the control strategy for the fast response of an integrated loop. Consequently, interceptor dynamics are controlled to produce a required maneuver by the net force of the two control inputs when a large heading error occurs, thereby accelerating the control response compared with conventional control methods. After the heading error is sufficiently reduced, it is switched to a general control strategy that performs a maneuver through the lift generated by the fuselage angle of attack to prevent excessive use of the control inputs. Based on such a control strategy, the proposed integrated law is expected to exhibit enhanced homing performance compared with existing control methods that perform guidance and control in separate loops. Moreover, numerical simulations considering engagement scenarios with highly maneuverable targets are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrated guidance and control law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The duration, accuracy, and consistency of responses to various types of stimuli are widely accepted as indirect indicators of the efficiency of brain information processing, but current clinical tests appear to lack sufficient sensitivity to detect subtle impairments. Immersive virtual reality (VR) offers a new means to acquire measures of perceptual-motor responses to moving visual stimuli that require rapid conflict resolution, but their test-retest reliability has not yet been demonstrated. Repeated measures. We analyzed data from 19 healthy young adults who performed a 40-trial VR test on three consecutive days. We focused on response time (RT) and perceptual latency (PL) for eye, neck, arm, and whole-body step displacements involved in executing a reaching/lunging movement in a right or left direction toward a peripherally located virtual target. Measures of RT and PL included a 40-trial mean, an intra-individual variability (IIV) value, and a rate correct score (RCS) that incorporated both response duration and accuracy. Most mean and IIV values for PL and RT demonstrated a positive distributional skew that was substantially reduced by natural logarithm transformation. While a learning effect was evident between sessions 1 and 2 for 7 of 8 mean PL and RT measures, 3-session intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were moderate to excellent for 15 of 16 transformed PL and RT measures (range:.618 to.922). The composite RCS metric did not require transformation for either PL or RT, whose respective 3-session ICC values were.877 and.851. This moderate to excellent test-retest reliability for various VR measures of perceptual-motor function, combined with evidence of their validity from both past and future research, suggest that these measures can advance clinical detection of impaired brain processing and longitudinal assessments of potentially modifiable performance deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EEs) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults (63% female, 37% male). Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain aging but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the aging brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beni Suef Journal of Physical Education & Sports Sciences. is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydraulic control valves are widely used in industrial production, agricultural equipment, construction machinery, and other large power equipment for controlling the pressure and flow of fluids in hydraulic systems. The driving method has a significant impact on the response and control accuracy of hydraulic valves. This paper reviews the driving methods of spools from five aspects: solenoid drive, material expansion drive, motor drive, hydraulic valve drive, and another drive. It summarizes the various schemes currently available for spool drive and analyzes each of them. After optimizing the driving method of the valve core, the control accuracy can reach 3%, and the minimum response time is 7 ms. According to the characteristics of the different drive methods, the differences between them are compared, the advantages and disadvantages of each drive method are analyzed, and the application scenarios for each drive method are identified. Solutions to the drawbacks of the existing drive methods are proposed, which provide directions for further optimization. We have found that solenoid drives are simple to control, low cost, and the most widely used. Material telescopic drives, motor drives, hydraulic valve drives, and other drives are costly, complex to control, and optional for use in special requirement situations. Based on the existing spool drive methods, an outlook on future drive methods is presented. This review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the drive methods of hydraulic valve spools, points out the shortcomings of the existing drive methods, and is of great significance in improving the existing drive methods and proposing new drive methods. This paper has a positive effect on improving the control accuracy and responsiveness of hydraulic valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photodetector is a type of optoelectronic device with excellent photoelectric conversion abilities, which has especially important applications in many fields such as optical communication, image sensing, aerospace/environmental detection, and military safety. Among these applications, the multiplier effect of optoelectronic devices has been widely explored because photodetectors can convert a very weak optical signal into electrical signal output and offer amazing electron multiplication abilities. To date, hundreds of multiplier effects of photodetectors have been reported. However, there are few reviews on the multiplier effects of such devices. Here, a review of the multiplier effects of photodetectors covering detection spectra from ultraviolet to infrared is presented, including photodetectors based on inorganic materials, organic materials, and organic/inorganic materials. First, we provide brief insights into the detection mechanisms of multiplier effects of photodetectors and introduce the merits that represent key factors for a reasonable comparison of different photodetectors. Then, the multiplier effect on different types of material photodetectors is reviewed. Notably, we summarize the optimization directions of the performance of the multiplier photodetectors, including improving the external quantum efficiency, reducing the dark current, and increasing the response speed and spectral regulation. Finally, an outlook is delivered, the challenges and future directions are discussed, and general advice for designing and realizing novel high-performance photodetectors with multiplier effects is given to provide a guideline for the future development of this fast-developing field. The bottlenecks of existing multiplier technology are also analyzed, which has strong reference significance for the future development of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a design and application of low power handwritten tablet is proposed. Based on glass‐based MIP low power LCD technology for a 8‐inch product , the multi‐lane SPI series parallel decoding circuit is used to improve the decoding speed of image data transmission, At the same time, it can be refreshed in units of 1 line for partial refresh by means of address decoding. Because the communication and decoding interface of MIP LCD technology is a non‐general interface, an adaptive dedicated driving system is proposed simultaneously, including SOC, MCU, MIP LCD screen, stylus and touch sensor processing. In this driving system, SOC is transmitted to MCU through USB HS, and MCU drives MIP display by customized SPI interface. It can realize the global refresh, partial refresh and stylus touch through data processing which matching the unique data requirements of MIP and adopting multi‐buffer and thread separation. The low‐ power handwritten tablet solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce power consumption with static power consumption of 25uW and full‐screen refresh rate reach 25Hz while partial refresh rate (100 lines) can be up to 300Hz. Combined with 8color display and stylus partial refresh application, the display content is richer and the response speed is increased by 42.8%, user experience is greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high response speed biological gel artificial muscle (BGAM) with a networked pore structure is proposed. The BGAM is prepared from carboxylated chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. For the given parameters including the driving voltage and the size of the BGAM, the response speed of the BGAM in this paper is 15 times faster than the BGAM in the existing research. The best result on the response speed of 0.115 mN/s is obtained, the porosity is 18.5%, the elastic modulus is 2.73 MPa, the specific capacitance is 0.23mF/cm2. This BGAM, prepared by cross-linking natural polymers, is biocompatible and degradable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to analyse the relevance of speed response and its regulation for learning. In order to avoid the biases of self-reports, we used a computerized objective test, The Category Learning Test (CLT). It measures the student's actual behaviour while completing a learning task. In the first study (N = 41), we found that university students that achieved a high learning index performed slower than their mates did (t (37) = −4.05, p <.001, η2 =.307). Therefore, acting too fast was associated with poor performance in the task. In the second study (N = 184), we divided the sample into two groups and we applied a speed limit to the intervention group in order to promote learning. The intervention group achieved a higher learning index than the control group (t (129) = −8.36, p <.001, η2 =.298). Hence, the speed limit fostered learning. Therefore, regulation of the speed may be appropriate to foster learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an integrated guidance and control law for dual-controlled interceptor dynamics controlled via tail-fin deflection and reaction jets. Because dual-controlled interceptors have two input channels in each axis, we define two error variables as the first step to derive an integrated controller. One variable is configured as a line-of-sight rate for nullifying heading errors to a target, and the other is established to allocate the control strategy for the fast response of an integrated loop. Consequently, interceptor dynamics are controlled to produce a required maneuver by the net force of the two control inputs when a large heading error occurs, thereby accelerating the control response compared with conventional control methods. After the heading error is sufficiently reduced, it is switched to a general control strategy that performs a maneuver through the lift generated by the fuselage angle of attack to prevent excessive use of the control inputs. Based on such a control strategy, the proposed integrated law is expected to exhibit enhanced homing performance compared with existing control methods that perform guidance and control in separate loops. Moreover, numerical simulations considering engagement scenarios with highly maneuverable targets are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrated guidance and control law.

Acute stress is generally thought to impair performance on tasks thought to rely on selective attention. This effect has been well established for moderate to severe stressors, but no study has examined how a mild stressor-the most common type of stressor-influences selective attention. In addition, no study to date has examined how stress influences the component processes involved in overall selective attention task performance, such as controlled attention, automatic attentional activation, decision-making, and motor abilities. To address these issues, we randomly assigned 107 participants to a mild acute stress or control condition. As expected, the mild acute stress condition showed a small but significant increase in cortisol relative to the control condition. Following the stressor, we assessed attention with two separate flanker tasks. One of these tasks was optimized to investigate component attentional processes using computational cognitive modeling, whereas the other task employed mouse-tracking to illustrate how response conflict unfolded over time. The results for both tasks showed that mild acute stress decreased response time (i.e., increased response speed) without influencing accuracy or interference control. Further, computational modeling and mouse-tracking analyses indicated that these effects were due to faster motor action execution time for chosen actions. Intriguingly, however, cortisol responses were unrelated to any of the observed effects of mild stress. These results have implications for theories of stress and cognition, and highlight the importance of considering motor processes in understanding the effects of stress on cognitive task performance.

Acute stress is generally thought to impair performance on tasks thought to rely on selective attention. This effect has been well established for moderate to severe stressors, but no study has examined how a mild stressor-the most common type of stressor-influences selective attention. In addition, no study to date has examined how stress influences the component processes involved in overall selective attention task performance, such as controlled attention, automatic attentional activation, decision-making, and motor abilities. To address these issues, we randomly assigned 107 participants to a mild acute stress or control condition. As expected, the mild acute stress condition showed a small but significant increase in cortisol relative to the control condition. Following the stressor, we assessed attention with two separate flanker tasks. One of these tasks was optimized to investigate component attentional processes using computational cognitive modeling, whereas the other task employed mouse-tracking to illustrate how response conflict unfolded over time. The results for both tasks showed that mild acute stress decreased response time (i.e., increased response speed) without influencing accuracy or interference control. Further, computational modeling and mouse-tracking analyses indicated that these effects were due to faster motor action execution time for chosen actions. Intriguingly, however, cortisol responses were unrelated to any of the observed effects of mild stress. These results have implications for theories of stress and cognition, and highlight the importance of considering motor processes in understanding the effects of stress on cognitive task performance.

Paired-associate stimuli are an important tool in learning and memory research. In cognitive psychology, many studies use materials of which the learners are expected to have little to no prior knowledge. Despite their theoretical usefulness, conclusions from these studies are difficult to generalize to real-world learning contexts, where learners can be expected to have varying degrees of prior knowledge. Here, we present an ecologically valid stimulus set with 112 country outline-name pairs, and report response times and prior knowledge for these items in 285 largely Western European participants. Prior knowledge per item ranged from very high (94.4%) to zero (0.3%), thereby allowing researchers to select materials of which participants can be expected to have any given amount of prior knowledge. As such, this database provides a useful tool for research on real-world learning. The database can be accessed at: https://osf.io/q25rd/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of congruency effects in conflict tasks can be analyzed by means of delta plots which depict the reaction-time differences between incongruent and congruent conditions across the quantiles of the reaction-time distributions. Delta plots exhibit a variety of different shapes. Here we test the hypothesis that staggered onsets of processing task-relevant and task-irrelevant features for response selection (together with a declining influence of the irrelevant feature) produce such variety. For this purpose, staggered onsets were implemented in two extensions of the Leaky, Competing Accumulator model. We show the cardinal capability of these models to produce different shapes of delta plots with different assumptions about temporal offsets between processing relevant and irrelevant stimulus features. Applying the models to experimental data, we first show that they can reproduce the delta plots observed with a conflict task with stimulus size as the irrelevant feature. For this task congruency effects are delayed and appear only at longer reaction times. Second, we fit the models to the results of two new Simon-task experiments with an experimentally controlled temporal offset in addition to the internal one. The experimentally induced variations of the shape of delta plots for this task could be reasonably well fitted by one of the two models that assumed an early start of response selection as soon as either the relevant or the irrelevant stimulus feature becomes available. We conclude that delta plots are crucially shaped by staggered onsets of processing relevant and irrelevant features for response selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of the adverse outcomes of repeated head trauma in athletes is often achieved using tests where the comparator is 'accuracy'. While it is expected that ex-athletes would perform worse than controls, previous studies have shown inconsistent results. Here we have attempted to address these inconsistencies from a different perspective by quantifying not only accuracy, but also motor response times. Age-matched control subjects who have never experienced head trauma (n = 20; 41.8 ± 14.4 years) where compared to two cohorts of retired contact sport athletes with a history of head trauma/concussions; one with self-reported concerns (n = 36; 45.4 ± 12.6 years), and another with no ongoing concerns (n = 19; 43.1 ± 13.5 years). Participants performed cognitive (Cogstate) and somatosensory (Cortical Metrics) testing with accuracy and motor times recorded. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) investigated corticospinal conduction and excitability. Results showed that there was little difference between groups in accuracy scores. Conversely, motor times in all but one test revealed that ex-athletes with self-reported concerns were significantly slower compared to other groups (p ranges 0.031 to <0.001). TMS latency showed significantly increased time (p = 0.008) in the group with ongoing concerns. These findings suggest that incorporating motor times is more informative than considering accuracy scores alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For improving the response performance of engine, a novel aero-engine control method based on Deep Q Learning (DQL) is proposed. The engine controller based on DQL has been designed. The model free algorithm – Q learning, which can be performed online, is adopted to calculate the action value function. To improve the learning capacity of DQL, the deep learning algorithm – On Line Sliding Window Deep Neural Network (OL-SW-DNN), is adopted to estimate the action value function. For reducing the sensitivity to the noise of training data, OL-SW-DNN selects nearest point data of certain length as training data. Finally, the engine acceleration simulations of DQR and the Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) which is the most commonly used as engine controller algorithm in industry are both conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method. The results show that the acceleration time of the proposed method decreased by 1.475 second while satisfied all of engine limits compared with the tradition controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel composite auxetic reentrant honeycomb structure is designed and fabricated. • The one-stage light gas gun and diffuser-type shock tube were utilized to generate and propagate exponential decaying shock wave. • The effect of gradient form on impact resistance performance was experimentally and numerically investigated. • The effect of relative density of composite reentrant honeycomb structure was analyzed and investigated. The researches on dynamic responses of underwater impulsive loading have been conducted. However, the previous study mainly concentrated on metal sandwich structure and fixed supported boundary. The relative research on composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structure and simply supported boundary are rarely. In this paper, the effect of the gradient form and relative density on impact resistance performance of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structure was experimentally and numerically investigated. The one-stage light gas gun was applied to provide initial kinetic energy of the fly plate, and the diffuser-type shock tube was utilized to generate and propagate exponential decaying shock wave. The pressure–time curve was respectively amplified and recorded by the charge amplifier and oscilloscope. The response speed, final deflection of rear panel and failure mode of cores and panels were used to evaluate impact resistance of composite auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structures. Moreover, acoustic-structure interaction algorithm was applied to simulate impact course of specimens in Abaqus/Explicit. The results between experiment and numerical simulation exhibited good consistency. The results indicated that the positive gradient form could excessively slow down response speed of rear panel by dissipating energy of shock wave, and the average gradient demonstrated smaller final displacement of rear panel and less failure compared with graded structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated a method for enhancing the response speed of PbS quantum dot (QD) near-infrared photodetectors by comprehensively altering the number of QD layers and the annealing temperature of the device. The experiment found that triple QD layers annealed at 100 °C were needed to achieve the optimum overall performance in a PbS QD-sensitised field-effect transistor near-infrared photodetector. When the incident light wavelength was 1064 nm and incident light power was 4.53 × 10 − 5 W, the photocurrent of the device was 2.47 × 10 − 6 A, responsivity was 0.0546 A/W, detectivity was 3.71 × 10 11 Jones, and decay time was 2.6 ms (V GS = −10 V). • Annealed improves response speed and reduces other performances. • Quantum dot layers number increasing improves all performance of photodetector. • Response speed of device (100 °C annealing, triple layer) is improved by 100 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paired-associate stimuli are an important tool in learning and memory research. In cognitive psychology, many studies use materials of which the learners are expected to have little to no prior knowledge. Despite their theoretical usefulness, conclusions from these studies are difficult to generalize to real-world learning contexts, where learners can be expected to have varying degrees of prior knowledge. Here, we present an ecologically valid stimulus set with 112 country outline-name pairs, and report response times and prior knowledge for these items in 285 largely Western European participants. Prior knowledge per item ranged from very high (94.4%) to zero (0.3%), thereby allowing researchers to select materials of which participants can be expected to have any given amount of prior knowledge. As such, this database provides a useful tool for research on real-world learning. The database can be accessed at: https://osf.io/q25rd/.

The dynamics of congruency effects in conflict tasks can be analyzed by means of delta plots which depict the reaction-time differences between incongruent and congruent conditions across the quantiles of the reaction-time distributions. Delta plots exhibit a variety of different shapes. Here we test the hypothesis that staggered onsets of processing task-relevant and task-irrelevant features for response selection (together with a declining influence of the irrelevant feature) produce such variety. For this purpose, staggered onsets were implemented in two extensions of the Leaky, Competing Accumulator model. We show the cardinal capability of these models to produce different shapes of delta plots with different assumptions about temporal offsets between processing relevant and irrelevant stimulus features. Applying the models to experimental data, we first show that they can reproduce the delta plots observed with a conflict task with stimulus size as the irrelevant feature. For this task congruency effects are delayed and appear only at longer reaction times. Second, we fit the models to the results of two new Simon-task experiments with an experimentally controlled temporal offset in addition to the internal one. The experimentally induced variations of the shape of delta plots for this task could be reasonably well fitted by one of the two models that assumed an early start of response selection as soon as either the relevant or the irrelevant stimulus feature becomes available. We conclude that delta plots are crucially shaped by staggered onsets of processing relevant and irrelevant features for response selection.

Summary: Aqueous supercapacitors have received significant attention for their high safety, environmental friendliness, and high ionic conductivity. In particular, the supercapacitors with highly concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolytes (WiSEs) exhibit outstanding characteristics such as wide electrochemical stability windows (2‐3 V) and fast ion transport behaviors. However, previous studies on the WiSE supercapacitors have mostly focused on the effects of high concentrations, and few have examined the influence of the electrolytic structure upon the performance of supercapacitors with various concentrations. Hence, the present study examines how the concentration affects the performance of supercapacitors with various concentrations of NaClO4 (1‐17 mol kg−1) and LiFSI (1‐35 mol kg−1) electrolytes. The study reveals a strong correlation between the electrochemical performance and the concentration‐dependent properties of the electrolyte. Sudden increases in the cell voltages, along with the maximum response speeds of the supercapacitors (−Φ120 Hz = 80.5° and 77.9° for NaClO4 and LiFSI, respectively) are observed in the middle of the concentration range (i.e., at 5‐6 mol kg−1), and are strongly associated with a critical change in the ion and water aggregates in the unique biphasic aqueous electrolyte. The present work is of great importance in gaining a fundamental understanding of the aqueous electrolytes with chaotropic ion salts and is expected to contribute greatly to the development of ultrafast supercapacitors based on the highly conductive electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomotor systems have attracted extensive attention due to their applications in nanorobots and nanodevices. The control of their response is crucial but presents a great challenge. In this work, the rotating and braking processes of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based rotor system have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The speed of response can be tuned by controlling the ratio of hydroxyl groups on the edges. The ratio of hydroxyl groups is positively correlated with the speed of response. The mechanism involved is that the strong hydrogen bonds formed between interfaces increase the interface interaction. Incremental increase in the hydroxyl group concentration causes more hydrogen bonds and thus strengthens the interconnection, resulting in the enhancement of the speed of response. The phonon density of states analysis reveals that the vibration of hydroxyl groups plays the key role in energy dissipation. Our results suggest a novel routine to remotely control the nanomotors by modulating the chemical environment, including tuning the hydroxyl groups concentration and pH chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic upconversion devices (OUCs) consist of an organic infrared photodetector and an organic visible light‐emitting diode (OLED), connected in series. OUCs convert photons from the infrared to the visible and are of use in applications such as process control or imaging. Many applications require a fast OUC response speed, namely the ability to accurately detect in the visible a rapidly changing infrared signal. Here, high image‐contrast, narrowband OUCs are reported that convert near‐infrared (NIR) light at 980 and 976 nm with a full‐width at half maximum of 130 nm into visible light. Transient photocurrent measurements show that the response speed decreases when lowering the NIR light intensity. This is contrary to conventional organic photodetectors that show the opposite speed‐versus‐light trend. It is further found that the response speed increases (when using a phosphorescent OLED) or decreases (for a fluorescent OLED) when increasing the driving voltage. To understand these surprising results, an analysis by numerical simulation is conducted. Results show that the response speed behavior is primarily determined by the electron mobility in the OLED. It is proposed that the low electron drift velocity in the emitter layer sets a fundamental limit to the response speed of OUCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managerial response describes how hotel managers communicate with online reviewers and manage their customer relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of managerial response on the relationship between review characteristics and review helpfulness. Based on cue utilization theory, this study employs the negative binomial regression to analyse data from TripAdvisor.com. The study results indicate the extrinsic cues (managerial response length and response speed) moderate the effect of intrinsic cues (review sentiment and review length) on review helpfulness. The negative effect of review sentiment on helpfulness is weakened as response length and speed increase; the positive effect of review length on helpfulness is enhanced when response speed is fast, whereas this impact is weakened as response length increases. This study also discusses practical significance for hotel managers, consumers, and online travel platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the slow approach speed and chattering problems of sliding mode variable structure control of the ball and plate system, a Radial Basis Function (RBF) network adaptive control scheme based on the reaching law is proposed. Firstly, a double sliding mode surface is defined, and the dual-speed self-adjusting approach parameters are designed on the basis of the power reaching law; secondly, the RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown part of the nonlinear model to reduce the fuzzy gain. At the same time, the estimated value of the parameter is employed to replace the neural network weight adjustment, which makes the adaptive algorithm simpler. Finally, Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the controller, and the effectiveness of the controller is verified by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damping control plays an important role in suppressing the oscillation modes of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs). The most widely used damping control method through a frequency deviation feedback path is confronted with multiple challenging inherent contradictions among the different control objectives, resulting in seriously degraded control performance of VSGs. To resolve these contradictions fundamentally, this article proposes a novel phase feedforward damping (PFD) control method for VSG from the perspective of restructuring the damping controller. It replaces the traditional frequency deviation feedback path with a novel damping controller utilizing a phase feedforward path. Then, considering the grid-connected and islanding operation modes, respectively, a detailed comparative study of the traditional damping-based VSG (Tra-VSG) and the PFD-based VSG (PFD-VSG) is conducted. Both the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate convincingly that the proposed PFD control method can reconcile the different control objects of VSG, and thus, compared with Tra-VSG, PFD-VSG exhibits vastly superior response performance of the active power and the frequency in both grid-connected and islanding operation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new mode of transportation, maglev train has a broad prospect. As one of the key technologies of maglev train, suspension control technology has been a hot research field. Maglev train has the characteristics of complex system modeling, strong nonlinear model, unstable open-loop system, and complex and changeable working conditions. To date, the widely used method is still the design of PID controller based on linearized maglev model. However, with the passage of time, its shortcomings become increasingly clear. To achieve better control effect, an adaptive sliding mode control method based on linear extended state observer (LESO) is proposed in this paper, which not only improves the response speed of the system, but also improves the robustness and anti-interference ability of the system, and greatly reduces the impact of external disturbances on the suspension stability. First, the dynamic model of the system is established, the control characteristics of the system are analyzed, and the design method of current loop is proposed to reduce the order of the system model. Then, the traditional sliding mode control based on reaching law is designed for the reduced order system, and the performance and shortcomings of the controller are analyzed. Aiming at the defects of traditional sliding mode control, a sliding mode controller based on linear extended state observer is designed. The total disturbance and unmodeled part of the system are estimated in real time by LESO and eliminated in sliding mode control. It can be proved that the designed controller can ensure the stability of the closed-loop system, the system state can converge asymptotically in the neighborhood near the expected value, and has a very fast convergence speed. At the same time, the system has strong robustness to noise and external disturbances. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulation and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrowetting display (EWD) is a new generation of reflective display technology with low power consumption and high contrast. To improve the response speed of pixels, an arc multi-electrode pixel was proposed, and its performance was verified by using the established three-dimensional model in this paper. According to the model, the influence of the arc multi-electrode pixel structure on response speed was simulated, and the influence of a driving sequence on oil movement inside pixels were analyzed. In addition, comparative experiments of oil movement inside pixels with single-electrode and arc multi-electrode were conducted. Experimental results showed that the response time of the arc multi-electrode structure was 0.9 ms faster than the single-electrode structure in a pixel opening stage. In the pixel closing stage, the oil recovery time can be accelerated by applying a boosting voltage to the electrode corresponding to the oil accumulation area, which was 2.3 ms faster than that of the single-electrode structure.

The combination of signals from different sensory modalities can enhance perception and facilitate behavioral responses. While previous research described crossmodal influences in a wide range of tasks, it remains unclear how such influences drive performance enhancements. In particular, the neural mechanisms underlying performance-relevant crossmodal influences, as well as the latency and spatial profile of such influences are not well understood. Here, we examined data from high-density electroencephalography (N = 30) recordings to characterize the oscillatory signatures of crossmodal facilitation of response speed, as manifested in the speeding of visual responses by concurrent task-irrelevant auditory information. Using a data-driven analysis approach, we found that individual gains in response speed correlated with larger beta power difference (13–25 Hz) between the audiovisual and the visual condition, starting within 80 ms after stimulus onset in the secondary visual cortex and in multisensory association areas in the parietal cortex. In addition, we examined data from electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings in four epileptic patients in a comparable paradigm. These ECoG data revealed reduced beta power in audiovisual compared with visual trials in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Collectively, our data suggest that the crossmodal facilitation of response speed is associated with reduced early beta power in multisensory association and secondary visual areas. The reduced early beta power may reflect an auditory-driven feedback signal to improve visual processing through attentional gating. These findings improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying crossmodal response speed facilitation and highlight the critical role of beta oscillations in mediating behaviorally relevant multisensory processing.

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The operating efficiency of the hydraulic system depends on the response speed and driving efficiency of the hydraulic components. Seeking various methods and technologies to improve performance and work efficiency is an important work for many scholars. In this paper, the development and performance improvement of four generations of hydraulic cylinders are analyzed to obtain the development of the drag reduction technology by examples such as sealing methods, microtextured hydrodynamic lubrication, manufacturing materials, drive methods, control methods, etc. The reviewed results show that the drag reduction and efficiency improvement of hydraulic cylinders are affected by many factors, and the new drag reduction theories, advanced drag reduction technology, and emerging materials point toward the direction of the acceleration of hydraulic cylinders. Finally, according to the higher requirements for future cylinders, four new ideas are proposed for improving the speed performance of hydraulic cylinders, including new material sealing ring with low friction coefficient or self-lubricating, internal leakage suppression from smart material, implementation of servo control techniques and algorithms, and digital hydraulic technology. These new viewpoints may provide some methods and references for the speed improvement of hydraulic cylinders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An optical structure of dual-period liquid crystal phase grating with excellent performance is proposed. • Optimal parameter selections for the liquid crystal phase grating are thoroughly discussed. • Comprehensive simulations are carried out on the liquid crystal phase grating, elucidating its operational behavior. • A tunable LC phase grating shows great potential for diffractive optics components. The liquid crystal (LC) phase grating is highly sought-after in a myriad of applications, ranging from telecommunications to sensing technologies. However, achieving both rapid response times and high phase differences simultaneously remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel single-sided dual-period LC phase grating structure with high phase difference and fast-response is proposed. The grating's substrate is comprised of a composite electrode, incorporating strip electrodes and a common electrode. By applying varied voltages across different electrode modules, distinct periods and diffraction angles are attained. Simulation results indicate that this approach yields phase differences of 1.61π for large-period LC phase grating and 1.17π for small-period ones. Moreover, the measured rise and decay time for the former is 8.15 ms and 4.10 ms, and for the latter is 8.84 ms and 4.12 ms, respectively. The proposed LC phase grating, with its simplicity and ease of operation, holds substantial potential for application across a broad spectrum of fields, highlighting its considerable room for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for measuring the service quality in sport scientific journals. A mixed approach was conducted to fulfill the research objectives. In qualitative phase 15 sport paper writer were interviewed and in quantitative phase, 357 sport researchers were studied through systematic random sampling. The face and content validity of the scale was confirmed by 15 experts and the final questionnaire of the scientific journals service quality was provided to 29 subjects. 26 items were ranked in five factors (accountability speed, executive structure, trustworthiness, employees and updating) based on exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation. Cronbach's alpha, KMO, Bartlett Test and confirmatory factor analysis were used by SPSS and LISREL for data analysis. It is worth noting that the results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.91) supported the five-factor structure of JourQual scale and confirmed its validity and reliability.

Recently, SnS 2 sensing material has received lots of attention in the application of gas detection owing to its merits of high physical affinity and appropriate bandgap width. Nevertheless, the gas sensors based on SnS 2 sensing materials are subjected to the shortcomings of poor selectivity and long response/recovery induced by the low conductivity of SnS 2 material. This article employs a secondary solvothermal method to prepare flower-like In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 heterostructures modified by noble metal Pt nanoparticles to realize the rapid detection of H 2 S for the first time. The gas-sensing tests indicate that this heterostructure greatly improves the pure SnS 2 material's conductivity and enhances the adsorption capacity for H 2 S gas molecules. Compared with pure SnS 2 and In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 sensors, the Pt-In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 sensor presents superior repeatability during multiple measurement cycles and excellent selectivity towards H 2 S at the optimum operating temperature of 220 ℃. The sensor also exhibits a fast response/recovery of 10 s/506 s together with a large gas response of 11.98 toward 200 ppm H 2 S. The strengthened sensing characteristics are primarily attributed to the abundant active sites in the Pt-In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 composites, the excellent carrier transfer ability caused by the In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 heterojunction, the strong gas adsorption ability induced by noble metal platinum, and the modulated Schottky barrier. Our work provides an effective route for the improvement of the gas sensitivity of SnS 2 -based H 2 S gas sensors. [Display omitted] • Pt-In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 nanoflowers synthesized by a secondary solvothermal method. • Pt-In 2 O 3 /SnS 2 used to detect H2S for the first time. • The sensor has a low detection limit of 250 ppb and superior repeatability. • A fast response time of 10 s and excellent selectivity were achieved. • The sensor exhibits a large gas response of 11.98 to 200 ppm H2S at 220 ℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]