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The aim of this article is to evaluate the Knowledge and use of ‘Motherese’ by the aforementioned teachers, first, as parents and, second, as EFL teachers, respectively, in the home and professional settings. The results show that the majority of Respondents, mostly men, did not know about Motherese or and its importance, so far, while the minority made, mainly, of ladies recognised knowing and using it. During the sensitisation session, the ladies gave even their personal experience of how and when they usually started speaking motherese with their baby before they were born. However, it was clear that at home they use the mother-tongue and French to communicate with their baby, while at school they teach English as a foreign language, which is part of their contract with the school. Therefore, they also use French at school. A talk with the surveyed population, at the end of the inquiry, attested positive face of the first biased responses from men, essentially, and comforted the women in their knowledge and personal experience. Motherese starts in the maternal womb with mother using mother-tongue, it continues at birth and vanishes as the child develops. However, there is still room to fill in this “linguistic subfield" (Saxton 1964) and longitudinal surveys are still needed to include more detailed questions.

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Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The article reveals the role of university clinics (hereinafter - UC) in the system of healthcare institutions in Ukraine and their role in implementing the right of every citizen to receive free medical care in state and communal healthcare institutions at the expense of the state budget under the program of medical guarantees. The results of a medical and social study to determine patients' attitudes towards UCs and identify risk factors for non-acceptance are presented. The aim. To determine the place of the University Clinic of the O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University in the medical-industrial cluster system of Kyiv city, conduct a medical and social study of patient attitudes towards the university clinic, and identify the main factors of non-acceptance. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the principle of systematicity, using medical-statistical methods, methods of anonymous questionnaire survey, and analytical generalization. The construction of the sample of respondents is based on the fact that, based on the study of their opinion, it is possible to draw conclusions about the public opinion of potential clients. The results of the study show that university clinics, as a component of the healthcare system, meet the needs of citizens in terms of the effectiveness of services provided and accessibility to the population. With innovative equipment and the involvement of highly qualified specialists from the University's departments in the diagnostic and treatment process, university clinics are increasingly gaining the trust and support of patients. The results of the survey confirm that the university clinic of the National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets has successfully integrated into the medical-industrial cluster of Kyiv, establishing cooperation with the university, the Ministry of Health, other ministries and agencies, as well as with patients. Analysis of the socio-demographic indicators of the respondents in 2022 showed a significant volume of services provided by the clinic to the population of Kyiv and other regions of Ukraine (with the highest number of visits from pensioners - 83, and civil servants - 57 out of 213 surveyed), thus ensuring the implementation of the state program of medical guarantees for citizens. The risk of low probability recommendations by the clinic is influenced by increasing age (p=0.013) and decreasing educational level (p=0.040) of patients. The risk of low satisfaction with the comfort of the clinic increases (p=0.002) when patients visit the medical facility on the recommendation of acquaintances (patients of the clinic). Conclusions. The positive conclusion of the survey is the absence of a risk of probability of re-appealing to the UC based on the analyzed characteristics.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH) is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the framework of this study – based on the texts of informal interviews published in English-language tabloids – the illocution of reactive disagreement is defined as an effective pragmatic mechanism for the coherent unfolding of the text, jointly generated by the interlocutors. Based on the method of conversational analysis, the constructive potential of a negative response to the propositional content and assessments that form a stimulating assertive message of the interviewer is revealed. Attention is focused on the form and content of the responses, explicitly/implicitly expressing disagreement, their pragmatic functions and role in ensuring the coherence of dialogical unity, reflecting the discussion of a specific topic by the interlocutors. It is established that in order to minimize discursive confrontation, the respondent can react with disagreement, which has a delayed character, with a preliminary expression of concession in favor of the effectiveness of the interviewer’s point of view. At the same time, in order to create relevant conditions for the implementation of a relaxed / partial disagreement, the respondent can initiate several dialogical moves. As a result, the stimulating judgments of the interviewer are interpreted as one of the alternative versions of the interpretation of the event or fact being discussed, and an informal conversation produces a pragmatic effect of intrigue. A softened form of disagreement can also be implemented by reacting replicas with blurred semantics due to hedging and markers of epistemic modality, a detailed explanation of the facts associated with the topic under discussion, activation of the shift of the current attention of the interviewer and the target audience. The motives underlying the reactive implementation of direct/implicit disagreement are revealed: the respondent’s desire to hide information about the prospects of his creative activity, which is requested by the interviewer, to avoid disharmony in interpersonal interaction, the gap between the interlocutors’ background knowledge, the dissimilarity of their axiological positions regarding the topic of discussion. A pragmatic justification of these motives is given. It is concluded that the reactive remarks of disagreement, implemented in the context of an informal interview, predetermine the conflict-free unfolding of interpersonal interaction of interlocutors due to the deliberate minimization of the threat to their social face from the respondent.

Increasing awareness of health, the need for adequate, sufficient nutrition and an active lifestyle, as well as an increase in the number of middle-aged and elderly people engaged in sports, are some of the key factors contributing to the growth of the sports nutrition industry. As of 2020, the global sports nutrition market was valued at $19.96 billion. According to forecasts, the market will grow rapidly and during 2021–2026 the average annual growth rate will be 12.22%. Ukraine has a perspective for the growth of its production volumes and expansion of its product portfolio, since domestically manufactured sports nutrition products are presented in very limited quantities and do not inspire confidence among consumers. Bringing a new, high-quality and more budget-friendly product of a national manufacturer to the market will be able to increase the competitiveness of our country both on the local and on the international market of sports nutrition The paper presents an analysis of the preferences of the respondents — female athletes — with the aim of determining promising dairy products for the development of high protein content for sports nutrition. Based on a survey of respondents, it was determined that sugar-free yoogurt desserts with a high protein content (52.2% of respondents) and protein bars (21.7% of respondents) are promising products for the development of food for female athletes. Three yogurt desserts are recommended for development: the first one — with the addition of bifido sour-milk cheese (or caseinate/sodium coprecipitate) as a protein supplement for female athletes who want to gain muscle mass (6.1% of respondents); the second — with the addition of whey protein concentrate as a protein supplement for female athletes who are satisfied with their current physical condition (81.6% of respondents), the third — with the addition of whey protein concentrate as a protein supplement and chia seeds, which contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 3, which promote fat burning, for female athletes who aim to lose weight (12.2% of respondents). As a filler, it is recommended to use a sugar-free sea buckthorn filler. The expediency of lactose hydrolysis in the yogurt base for the production of the target product is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myrica gale L. (Myricaceae) is an essential oil-bearing plant that is rare in Lithuania and naturally grows only in the western part of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of essential oils of Myrica gale in different habitats in Lithuania and in different parts of the plant, as well as evaluate the local knowledge about M. gale as a medicinal and aromatic plant. Samples of fruits and leaves (from one and three M. gale populations, respectively) were studied separately. Essential oils were isolated from dried fruits and leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Results showed that M. gale fruits accumulated 4.03 ± 2.13% essential oils, meanwhile leaves—up to 19 times less. A total of 85 compounds were identified in the essential oils of the M. gale. Monoterpene hydrocarbons accounted for about half of the total essential oil content; meanwhile, either monoterpene hydrocarbons or sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (depending on habitat) dominated in leaves. The main compounds (depending on habitat) in essential oils of fruits and leaves were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, δ-cadinene, and (E)-nerolidol. The high variation in the composition of M. gale essential oils suggests the presence of different chemotypes within the studied habitats of this plant. Evaluation of local knowledge of M. gale through the survey of 74 residents of 15 villages in western Lithuania showed that only 7% of respondents knew this plant. Poor knowledge of M. gale could be related to the narrow range of the natural species' distribution in Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a sociological research analysis on the culture of using the Internet and social networks among students studying in higher education institutions. In addition, foreign experiences in the provision of Internet and digital technologies services, scientific interpretations given by scientists, development issues of electronic convergence through the exchange of Internet, audio and video data, effective use of websites of foreign scientific and educational online information resources in the development of modern education are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an action filed with the Iasi Court of Appeal, the appellant ANC appeals against Civil Judgment no. 315/2016 pronounced by the Iasi Court - Civil Section I in case no. 6816/99/2015. The appeal is pending the judgment of the case in which the applicant is requested to order the University "Dunărea de Jos", Galaţi to pay the transitional allowance (doctorate bonus) from 02.10.2012-2016 and the legal interest from 02.10.2012 until the date of implementation of the provisions of the Civil Decision no. 42-2017 of 31 January 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes, systematizes and summarizes scientific works of scholars with consideration of the issues related to the study of theoretical-methodological and applied aspects of promoting new innovative food products to the market. The article is aimed at studying the prospects of promoting to the regional market of restaurant enterprises a new whipped dessert, of the type of sambuc, with the addition of a modern additive «Nutrio-gem», which exhibits a wide range of effects: antioxidant, sorption, bacteriostatic, complex-forming, emulsifying, moisture-containing, moisture-binding, stabilizing, structural-forming properties. It is substantiated that in the context of the consequences of both the global pandemic and the hostilities in Ukraine, the issue of healthy and healing nutrition as a means of maintaining immunity and increasing the ability of the human body to withstand the negative impact of the environment becomes topical. To identify the potential demand for an innovative product and its possible perception by potential consumers, a marketing study was conducted in the form of a survey of respondents using the Google Forms platform. The goal was: to study the needs of buyers; carry out an analysis of compliance of product characteristics with the relevant requirements; selection of market segments for a new dish. In order to implement this work, a questionnaire was developed, consisting of interrelated, posed in a logical sequence questions. The sample size was 303 people. The time frame of the study: November – December 2021. The carried out work allowed to develop recommendations for bringing these products to the regional market and substantiate its market and consumer relevance in the current conditions.

The study of word connections in lexicon, especially in the lexicon of a multilingual individual, is inevitably associated with the problem of access to the word, and, therefore, with problems of word identification. Even though the present study does not set a special task of identifying supports for words identification, the author discusses some theoretical issues related to the problem of a word identification. Word identification is an integral feature of languages interaction. The analysis of various approaches and theories of studying a word identification is described in the article. The problems of lexical access are discussed, as well as the study of strategies for identifying the value of pseudo-word. Such terms as "identification," "pseudo word" are described. An example of an experimental study of word identification in the context is given.

The article analyzes, systematizes and generalizes scientific works of scholars; the problems related to the study of the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of innovation marketing are considered. The article is aimed at studying the current state of the regional market of biscuit semi-finished products and determine the market prospects for a new innovative anti-anemic food product. It is substantiated that in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the issue of healthy and health-improving eating as a means of maintaining immunity and enhancing the capabilities of the human body to resist coronavirus becomes urgent. The presence of chronic illnesses can significantly reduce human immunity and, as a result, increases the possibility for a new disease. The main directions of implementation of health nutrition are presented. To achieve the set aim, the authors’ our own research is carried out using testing and survey methods. To study the market of potential consumers, a questionnaire is developed, which consisted of 13 interrelated questions comprised in a logical sequence. The sample consists of 300 respondents. Consumer attitude to the food group – biscuit semi-finished products with the addition of heme iron dietary supplement – and prospects for perception of its new variety are identified. According to the results of the research, the most significant indicators of product quality are allocated. Certain trends in the market of biscuit semi-finished products are identified. A complex of actions with marketing strategic orientation is proposed to increase the market perspective of a new innovative food product. Recommendations for introducing these products to the regional market are developed, its market and consumer relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic are substantiated.

Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two main functions of public facilities are providing services to residents and maintaining environmental quality. There is currently no index that states the parameters of indoor air comfort quantitatively for worship buildings. The comfort for a building will affect the physical and mental health of its occupants. The research has identified and formulated an indoor air comfort index for worship buildings based on temperature, noise, odour, relative humidity, and light intensity that can be the best recommendations for district/city governments. The research has conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method is based on filling the questionnaires by respondents and the quantitative method is based on the measurement of five parameters at the research site. The formulation obtained from the results of the weighting of the questionnaire and the index for each parameter. The indoor air comfort index is obtained based on five levels: uncomfortable, less comfortable, quite comfortable, comfortable, and extremely comfortable. The results of the research place of worship gave an index value of 4.0 at Tridharma temple that has declared comfortable, an index value of 2.9 at Church of Immanuel that have declared quite comfortable, and a range of index values of 3.1-3.8 at seven other sites that has declared comfortable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the launch of the US Department of Health and Human Services' COVID-19 Public Education Campaign to boost vaccine confidence and uptake among adults, as vaccines are key to preventing severe illness and death., Objective: Past segmentation research relevant to COVID-19 behavior has found important differences in attitudes, sociodemographics, and subsequent COVID-19 prevention behaviors across population segments. This study extends prior work by incorporating a more comprehensive set of attitudes, behaviors, and sociodemographic variables to identify population segments by differing levels of COVID-19 vaccine confidence and evaluate differences in their subsequent uptake of COVID-19 prevention behaviors., Methods: Data were obtained from 5 waves (January 2021 to June 2022) of a web-based longitudinal, probability-based panel survey of US adults (N=4398) administered in English and in Spanish. Participants were recruited from NORC at the University of Chicago's national AmeriSpeak panel and were invited to participate across multiple waves. Latent class cluster analysis estimated segments of respondents based on over 40 COVID-19 attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and sociodemographics as reported in wave 1. Survey-weighted cross-tabulations and bivariate regression analyses assessed differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, booster uptake, mask use, and social distancing in all segments across all 5 survey waves., Results: A total of 6 segments (hardline nonintenders, prevention-compliant nonintenders, burned-out waiters, anxious waiters, skeptical confidents, and ready confidents) were identified, which differed by their COVID-19 vaccine confidence, prevention-related attitudes and behaviors, and sociodemographics. Cross-tabulations and regression results indicated significant segment membership differences in COVID-19 vaccine and booster timing, mask use, and social distancing. Results from survey-weighted cross-tabulations comparing COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake across segments indicate statistically significant differences in these outcomes across the 6 segments (P<.001). Results were statistically significant for each segment (P<.01 for booster uptake among burned-out waiters; P<.001 for all other coefficients), indicating that, on average, respondents in segments with lower intentions to vaccinate reported later receipt of COVID-19 vaccines and boosters relative to the timing of vaccine and booster uptake among ready confidents., Conclusions: Results extend previous research by showing that initial beliefs and behaviors relevant to COVID-19 vaccination, mask use, and social distancing are important for understanding differences in subsequent compliance with recommended COVID-19 prevention measures. Specifically, we found that across respondent segments, the probability of vaccine and booster uptake corresponded with both COVID-19 vaccine confidence and mask use and social distancing compliance; more compliant segments were more likely to get vaccinated or boosted than less compliant segments given similar levels of vaccine confidence. These findings help identify appropriate audiences for campaigns. Results highlight the use of a comprehensive list of attitudes, behaviors, and other individual-level characteristics that can serve as a basis for future segmentation efforts relevant to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases., (©Joseph Luchman, Morgane Bennett, Elissa Kranzler, Rugile Tuskeviciute, Ronald Vega, Benjamin Denison, Sarah Trigger, Tyler Nighbor, Monica Vines, Leah Hoffman. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 10.09.2024.)

This study elucidates the falsity of business research in relying on either respondents or informants alone for data collection, and argues that with the biased data, business research cannot provide unbiased solutions. We compare 400 reports (200 respondents and 200 informants) on the workplace deviance and assess the goodness of both the techniques. Analysis of variance and posthoc (descriptive discriminant analysis) indicate significant disparities between the two approaches across all items. In the informant's role, people tend to overreport, whereas in the respondent's part they underreport an undesirable behavior. Further, we find that conventional techniques for assessing the construct's validity and common-method bias neither assures realistic measurement nor eliminate the response bias. Drawing on the theory of psychological projection, we propose a hybrid approach that curtails some of the main biases in data and measurement. Qualitative confirmation through informal interviews with managers in the investigated firms validates the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shopping tourism is a rapidly developing form of tourism. Cross-border shopping tourism has a particular character since it is associated with crossing national borders. The inhabitants living in border regions in particular use this possibility to shop at favourable prices in the nearby foreign country. The aim of this paper is to assess the preferences and shopping behaviour within cross-border shopping tourism in the North-Eastern Slovakia on an example of the comparison of its two regions, more concretely the selected economically under-developed border region of the Prešov Region and the Prešov District that is economically more advanced and is not directly adjacent to the national border. The results contained in the paper are based on an online research (due to the Covid-19 pandemic) in the preferences and perception of the inhabitants of both selected regions. The results highlight cross-border shopping tourism practised mainly in the Polish border regions mostly with family members using a motor vehicle while the increased frequency of shopping is associated with some special calendar events. As for the range of goods, the respondents preferred shopping clothes, food and sweets due to lower prices or their unavailability in their place of residence. It was confirmed as statistically significant that one of the motives for cross-border shopping was a favourable EURO exchange rate. Apart from motivation, we also monitored satisfaction, safety and negative attitudes associated with crossborder shopping tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myrica gale L. (Myricaceae) is an essential oil-bearing plant that is rare in Lithuania and naturally grows only in the western part of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of essential oils of Myrica gale in different habitats in Lithuania and in different parts of the plant, as well as evaluate the local knowledge about M. gale as a medicinal and aromatic plant. Samples of fruits and leaves (from one and three M. gale populations, respectively) were studied separately. Essential oils were isolated from dried fruits and leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. Results showed that M. gale fruits accumulated 4.03 ± 2.13% essential oils, meanwhile leaves—up to 19 times less. A total of 85 compounds were identified in the essential oils of the M. gale. Monoterpene hydrocarbons accounted for about half of the total essential oil content; meanwhile, either monoterpene hydrocarbons or sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (depending on habitat) dominated in leaves. The main compounds (depending on habitat) in essential oils of fruits and leaves were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, δ-cadinene, and (E)-nerolidol. The high variation in the composition of M. gale essential oils suggests the presence of different chemotypes within the studied habitats of this plant. Evaluation of local knowledge of M. gale through the survey of 74 residents of 15 villages in western Lithuania showed that only 7% of respondents knew this plant. Poor knowledge of M. gale could be related to the narrow range of the natural species’ distribution in Lithuania.

The purpose of this study is to apply one of the decision-making methods, namely the fuzzy-TOPSIS method, to determine the best alternative of coconut fermentation in process of making Pliek-U, which is a typical powder made of coconut and is used for traditional cooking recipes by people in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The weight of fuzzy criteria and judgments about alternative methods of coconut fermentation was used to calculate the sensory evaluation scores and Pliek-U quality ratings. It can help to determine the quality of the Pliek-U. Sensory evaluation results for the quality of Pliek-U using the fuzzy-TOPSIS method showed that the most ideal alternative of the coconut fermentation method in the process of making Pliek-U is the 10-day coconut fermentation method, because it had the highest closeness coefficient (0.7484) in contrast to the 7-day coconut fermentation method (0.5425), and 4-day coconut fermentation method (0.3291). The fuzzy-TOPSIS method utilization was beneficial for generating the sensory multi-criteria assessment calculations through weighting, so that the process of determining consumer acceptance of the product assessed became easier and faster.

Background The research aims to see the effect of E-Learning on student learning motivation on campus. The population of this study is students throughout Indonesia who have studied using E-Learning in the semester of May 2019 with a total of 48 people. Sampling used the technique of distributing questionnaires by using the most voting method so that there were 48 respondents for research and 48 respondents for trials. The results showed that there was a relationship between the use of E-Learning and students' learning motivation. This value means it has a high relationship. Furthermore, data analysis of the use of E-Learning learning is carried out on students' learning motivation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reforma (1694-5158) is the property of Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bringing any new product to market requires some actions with the marketing direction. The first stage of these actions should be the study of consumers, their intentions and expectations, as directly the consumers, their interest in the new product and satisfaction from its use will be the key to the product’s market success and the economic component of the manufacturer’s efficiency. This very research will allow to develop the whole range of marketing actions in the future. The article is aimed at exploring the marketing of innovation as a tool for successful promotion to the domestic market of innovative food products, namely, muffins of increased nutritional value with the addition of mass for formation, which is based on sunflower seeds. The problems associated with the study of the theoretic-methodological and applied aspects of innovation marketing are considered. An algorithm of actions aimed at marketing research (testing) of potential consumers of a new food product is presented, which should precede its entry into the regional market. Consumer attitude to the group of foods – muffins – and prospects of perception of its new variety has been identified. A marketing study is carried out to determine the need of the regional market in the city of Kharkiv in muffins of increased nutritional value. An own searching research is carried out using both testing and survey methods. A questionnaire consisting of 12 interconnected, logically placed questions was developed to study the market of consumers of muffins in the city of Kharkiv. The sample consisted of 402 respondents. Recommendations to bring these products to the regional market are proposed.

Russia is rapidly increasing the use of digital technologies in all spheres of public life. The speed, with which new technologies appear and are implemented, leads to the fact that people cannot quickly adapt to them. In this regard, in some cases, there may be social tensions, reluctance to use modern advances in digital technologies and other social problems. There is also a overestimation of the importance and impact of the introduced technologies on improving the socio-economic and political life of the country.In this regard, it is of interest to assess the attitude of citizens to the developing digital technologies, and, primarily, to digital services that are introduced in the system of providing state and municipal services and in the sphere of interaction between the state and society. This study is an attempt to make this kind of assessment. The background of the study was the adopting and approving in 2018 the national project “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” and the Federal programs implemented within the framework of this project, as well as the state programs and projects preceding the national project that accompany the formation of the infrastructure of the digital state.The authors conducted a survey of 541 respondents from 49 regions of the Russian Federation to determine and assess the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services. During the survey, respondents were asked questions about the use of Federal and regional portals of public services, about awareness of the availability and possibility of using public technologies and services, about the convenience of services and the ability to use them. As a result of the survey, conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of using the electronic service of public services, as well as an assessment of the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services.

In the article, using the example of a survey of residents of apartment houses (AH) on the quality of capital repairs, methodological approaches to assessing public opinion are considered. Processing the results of the survey showed that the definition of the coefficient of concordance is insufficient. It is shown that in order to assess the reliability of surveys conducted by the Delphi method, one should focus on achieving a greater confidence probability, and not on the value of the concordance coefficient. The survey showed that the priority factor for residents of apartment buildings of all ages and genders when assessing major repairs is the use of quality materials. For women of all ages, the issue of the cost of repairs was very important. Its importance for this group of respondents turned out to be almost at the level of the importance of the quality of materials. For the practical application of the results obtained, the weight coefficients of each studied factor were calculated for the total sample of respondents, which made it possible to create a methodology for express assessment of the quality of ongoing overhauls based on Harrington's verbal-numerical scales.

Plurilingualism as a Sociolinguistic Phenomenon in the Modern Globalized World: A Review of Pavlo Levchuk’s Monograph “Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2020, ss. 299) The reviewed monograph is the first scientific work in Poland addressing the issue of Ukrainian–Russian–Polish trilingualism, a widespread phenomenon among Ukrainians of non-Polish descent living in both Ukraine and Poland. The research was conducted from the sociolinguistic perspective and involves an analysis of the linguistic situation caused by the spread of the three languages in the area, the determination of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this trilingualism, and an assessment of official language policy, which purports to strengthen the position of Polish in relation to the other two languages under study. Polilingwizm jako zjawisko socjolingwistyczne we współczesnym zglobalizowanym świecie. Recenzja monografii Pawła Lewczuka „Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2020, 299 s.) Recenzowana monografia jest pierwszą w Polsce pracą naukową podejmującą problematykę trójjęzyczności ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polskiej – powszechnego zjawiska wśród Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia, zamieszkałych zarówno na Ukrainie, jak i w Polsce. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z perspektywy socjolingwistycznej i obejmują analizę sytuacji językowej spowodowanej rozprzestrzenianiem się trzech języków na danym obszarze, określenie ilościowych i jakościowych wskaźników tej trójjęzyczności oraz ocenę oficjalnej polityki językowej, która zmierza do wzmocnienia pozycji języka polskiego w stosunku do dwóch pozostałych badanych języków.

Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of various economic and demographic factors (income, gender, educational background & occupation) on the awareness and purchase of organic food products (F&V, Dairy Foods, Groceries) in Meerut City (U.P.). It has also highlighted the perception of high prices with importance of marketing and promotional strategies for organic foods in Meerut City. Design/Methodology/Approach- The paper employs exploratory research design with quantitative approach. The primary data has been collected from 360 people (valid responses 300) of Meerut City through the questionnaire (Google Form). Data thus collected has been refined edited, coded, classified and finally subjected to tabular & graphical representation and descriptive & inferential statistics (ANOVA, Independent Sample T test) through SPSS Version 20. Inferential statistics has been demonstrated widely as a part of this research paper. Findings-The findings exhibits that there is a significant difference in the awareness level of people regarding the availability, nutritional value, overall quality and overall benefits of organic foods in Meerut city across their 'Income', 'Occupation' and 'Educational Qualification'. However no significant difference has been observed for the same across their 'Gender'. Organic foods are priced comparatively 'Higher' and 'Marketing & Promotional Strategies' are highly important for Organic Foods related to Meerut City. Practical Implication- Meerut City in western UP is one the economic, industrial and educational hub in north India with overall expected growth in 10% in GDP and city population of 23 lakhs (2020) approximately. Meerut City is a part of NCR (National Capital Region) and the penetration of all consumer products, goods and services are very high. Therefore the study of organic foods has been practically viable for Meerut City. Originality/Value-This paper is original as it is the primary study regarding the awareness and purchase of organic foods in 'Meerut City' and it adds value for the further study of consumption patterns, purchase intentions, consumer awareness, products attributes and qualities, estimating market share and growth etc regarding organic foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article according to the material of the informal interview texts, the respondents’ reacting utterances are analyzed, which are formulated in such a way that the final lexical segments differ significantly from the rest of the utterance content in terms of stylistic coloring and the emotionality of communication. In this case there is a so-called code-switching: for reproducing the humorous effect the reacting subject uses various versions of the language, in particular shifts the focus of the interviewer’s attention from the standard (literary) English to a particular regional or social dialect. Code-switching consists of the use of a specific lexical unit or expression that is markedly different from the rest of the lexical units (expressions) in the same utterance. The choice to use the mechanism of code-switching is determined in an informal interview by such pragmatic factors as the context and the topic of discussion, the interlocutors’ attempt to create a positive emotional mood of communication. Code-switching generates a humorous effect in the informal interview text, which subsequently determines the coverage of additional information interesting for the readership, the reimplementation of the code-switching mechanism, which creates a positive emotional atmosphere of the relaxed communication. The activation of this mechanism is based on the use of tokens with pronounced negative connotations in a strong position of the respondent’s reacting utterances.

Objective: In most resource-poor settings, there is a paucity of data on self-medication and possible factors that influence this practice. The current study assesses self-medication among the people of Akuse, a rural setting in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in Akuse from 4th January 2016 to 27th February 2016. Using a questionnaire, interviews were conducted to assess self-medication: class of drugs taken, sources of drugs, knowledge of potential adverse effects, among others. Results: Of the 363 participants enrolled, 361 completed questionnaires administered. Of the 361 respondents, 58.4% were female. A majority of the respondents were within the ages of 30 and 45 years. Respondents were mainly farmers (40.2%), and a majority (44.6%) had primary level as the highest education. One major reason for self-medication was influence from family and friends (32.7%). Antibiotics (32.1%) and analgesics (21.0%) were the most common self-medicated drugs, and these drugs were mostly obtained from licenced chemical sellers (32.5%). A little more than a third (39.9%) of the respondents said that their condition did not change after self-medication. A greater number of the respondents (81.7%) did not have knowledge of potential adverse reactions associated with self-medicated drugs. However, respondents with high educational level had the most knowledge of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: The study found self-medication as a common practice among a number of residents of Akuse. Findings from this study provide data that could be used for targeted education and sensitisation of self-medication and its demerits in similar resource-poor rural settings.

Indigenous leafy vegetables such as the spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) can play an important role in alleviating malnutrition and providing a source of income to smallholder growers. In South Africa, the spider plant is often harvested from the wild. There is lack of information regarding the perceptions of end-users about this indigenous leafy vegetable in many regions of South Africa. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the perceptions of local communities about the spider plant in Limpopo Province (South Africa). This information on the perception of spider plant by end-users will serve as a pre-requisite to establish a breeding programme, strategies to conserve the vegetable and to establish commercial production of this vegetable. Questionnaires were administered to households in each of the five districts in Limpopo Province targeting a wide range of end-users. Their consumption patterns, availability and level of knowledge of spider plant was assessed. Chi-square tests were used to assess the differences in perceptions and consumption patterns. The results showed that some of the communities relied on harvesting the vegetable spider plant from the homestead for consumption. There was no commercial seed production of this vegetable in these communities. The highest consumption (> 50%) of the vegetable was observed in Waterberg and Sekhukhune districts. The results also showed that the age of consumers influenced dietary preferences with the old people preferring this leafy vegetable more than the young people. The bitter taste of the vegetable appeared to deter some potential end-users. These results showed that there is potential to cultivate the spider plant as a crop and to improve the taste of the vegetable. In addition, good quality seed could improve the production of the vegetable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reviewed monograph is the first scientific work in Poland addressing the issue of Ukrainian-Russian-Polish trilingualism, a widespread phenomenon among Ukrainians of non-Polish descent living in both Ukraine and Poland. The research was conducted from the sociolinguistic perspective and involves an analysis of the linguistic situation caused by the spread of the three languages in the area, the determination of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this trilingualism, and an assessment of official language policy, which purports to strengthen the position of Polish in relation to the other two languages under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]