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The main concern of this article is to deal with the thermoelastic interaction in a functionally graded thermoelastic rod being enlightened by the memory-dependent derivative. This article investigates the transient phenomena due to the influence of an induced magnetic field of constant intensity and due to the presence of a moving heat source of constant velocity in the context of three-phase lag model of generalized thermoelasticity. Employing the Laplace and the Fourier transforms as tool, the problem has been constructed in the transformed domain. The inversions of the Fourier transform have been carried out using residual calculus whereas the numerical inversions of the Laplace transform have been performed employing the Riemann sum approximation method. Numerical computations for stress, displacement, and temperature within the rod are carried out and have been demonstrated graphically. The results also demonstrate how the nonhomogeneity parameter and the speed of the moving heat source influence the thermophysical quantities. It is observed that the temperature, thermally induced displacement, and stress of the rod are found to decrease at large source speed. Also, significant differences on the thermophysical quantities are revealed due to the influence of magnetic field, nonhomogeneity, and memory effect also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give new methods to obtain certain transformation formulas of q-hypergeometric series. Our approach uses residue calculus. We apply this method to two categories: hyperbolic and elliptic. We also apply a similar technique to evaluate explicitly a large class of q-integrals, some of which are related to the work of Gasper (2004) and Ismail and Masson (1994). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residual calculus exists not only on teeth treated by scaling alone but also on teeth treated by flap surgery. Periodontal microsurgery enables more definite removal of calculus, atraumatic handling of tissues through optical magnification. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of microsurgery with conventional open flap debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Thirteen chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned for test (microsurgical) and control (conventional) open flap debridement in a split mouth design. At baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months the following clinical parameters were recorded: Probing pocket depth, relative attachment level, gingival recession, gingival bleeding index. Postoperative healing at 1-week by early healing index and pain scale for 7 days were assessed. Results: Paired t-test was used to compare means within the groups, and unpaired t-test was applied to compare the means of the two groups. At 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively there was a significant reduction in gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, relative attachment level within both the groups and there was no significant difference between both the groups. Gingival margin level and gingival recession increased in both the groups, but it was not statistically significant. Early healing Index score of 1 was found in 85% of test sites and 28% of control sites. The mean pain scale was 0 in test site and 1.07 ± 0.75 in control site. Conclusions: In open flap debridement procedure, a microsurgical approach can substantially improve the early healing index and induce less postoperative pain compared with applying a conventional macroscopic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Endoscopic technology has been developed to facilitate imagery for use during diagnostic and therapeutic phases of periodontal care. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of subgingival calculus detection using a periodontal endoscope with that of conventional tactile explorer in periodontitis subjects. Methods: A convenience sample of 26 subjects with moderate periodontitis in at least 2 quadrants was recruited from the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry to undergo quadrant scaling and root planing. One quadrant from each subject was randomized for tactile calculus detection alone and the other quadrant for tactile detection plus the Perioscope ™ (Perioscopy Inc., Oakland, Cali). A calculus index on a 0 to 3 score was performed at baseline and at 2 post-scaling and root planing visits. Sites where calculus was detected at visit 1 were retreated. T-tests were used to determine within-subject differences between Perioscope™ and tactile measures, and changes in measures between visits. Results: Significantly more calculus was detected using the Perioscope ™ vs. tactile explorer for all 3 subject visits (p<0.005). Mean changes (reduction) in calculus detection from baseline to visit 1 were statistically significant for both the Perioscope™ and tactile quadrants (p<0.0001). However, further reductions in calculus detection from visit 1 to visit 2 was only significant for the Perioscope ™ quadrant (p<0.025), indicating that this methodology was able to more precisely detect calculus at this visit. Conclusion: It was concluded that the addition of a visual component to calculus detection via the Perioscope™ was most helpful in the re-evaluation phase of periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We recently introduced an experimental surface detection system based on a conventional dental ultrasonic scaler. This device automatically discriminates cementum and dental calculus, which is the prerequisite for complete and thorough calculus removal. In the present study, the detection limits of this device were tested in vitro. Material and Methods: From 50 extracted teeth, subgingival calculus was gradually removed using a Gracey curette. During this stepwise procedure, detection properties of the surface detection system were continuously monitored and systematically verified until the system stopped discriminating calculus from the root surface. By measuring the diameter, circumference and area of the smallest, yet recognizable deposit, and of the no longer recognizable deposit, the cut-off point of the discriminative capability of the detection device was determined. Results: The cut-off points for the correct classification of residual deposits averaged on a diameter of 219 μm, an area of 21,600 μm2, and a circumference of 748 μm. This means a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 80% in this critical area. Conclusions: This calculus detection system was able to detect small deposits. In clinical practice, this device may support dentists in deciding whether to stop or to continue the debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Residual calculus exists not only on teeth treated by scaling alone but also on teeth treated by flap surgery. Periodontal microsurgery enables more definite removal of calculus, atraumatic handling of tissues through optical magnification. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of microsurgery with conventional open flap debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis., Materials and Methods: Thirteen chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned for test (microsurgical) and control (conventional) open flap debridement in a split mouth design. At baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months the following clinical parameters were recorded: Probing pocket depth, relative attachment level, gingival recession, gingival bleeding index. Postoperative healing at 1-week by early healing index and pain scale for 7 days were assessed., Results: Paired t-test was used to compare means within the groups, and unpaired t-test was applied to compare the means of the two groups. At 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively there was a significant reduction in gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, relative attachment level within both the groups and there was no significant difference between both the groups. Gingival margin level and gingival recession increased in both the groups, but it was not statistically significant. Early healing Index score of 1 was found in 85% of test sites and 28% of control sites. The mean pain scale was 0 in test site and 1.07 ± 0.75 in control site., Conclusions: In open flap debridement procedure, a microsurgical approach can substantially improve the early healing index and induce less postoperative pain compared with applying a conventional macroscopic approach.