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Objective Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)–World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG) One World Exchange (OWE), a clinical exchange program held in France in October 2023, as a case‐study.This was a cross‐sectional study. A 31‐item structured questionnaire designed with Google Forms was electronically distributed to the 51 obgyn postgraduate trainees (OWE fellows) who participated in the OWE, to collect information about the exchange. Collected data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics for Windows.The survey response rate was 68.6%. The mean age of the respondents was 33.0 ± 4.0 years. Majority of the them were females (26, 74.3%), married (19, 54.3%), at least in their third year of training (30, 85.7%) and from Africa (11, 31.4%). During the period of the exchange program, fellows observed various obstetric and gynecologic procedures, including open and minimal access procedures, with more than one‐fifth (8, 22.9%) of them reporting that they were allowed to assist in some of these procedures. The fellows noted salient differences in practice between their exchange hospitals and their home countries. An overwhelming majority (30, 85.7%) of the fellows believed the OWE was beneficial and would positively impact their clinical practices back in their home countries.Clinical exchange programs like the OWE provide valuable benefits in improving the clinical knowledge and skills of postgraduate obgyn trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Residency training may lead to the development of depressive conditions with possible academic and professional consequences. We determined the levels of depression in resident medical doctors (RMDs) and assess the factors influencing depression. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on RMDs working in tertiary research hospital in İstanbul. Participation in the study was voluntary. A questionnaire was distributed to the RMDs participating in the study, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to measure depression levels. This study was presented as a paper at the 5th Eurasian Congress on Emergency Medicine and 12th Turkish Emergency Medicine Congress, November 10-13, 2016 (Antalya, Turkey). Results: A total of 161 RMDs were included in the study (participation rate: 68.8%). Of the RMDs, 65 (40.4%) had depressive symptoms (BDI-II >13). An exploratory analysis of possible risk factors showed that working night shifts, length of residency, and department in which the resident worked were factors for the development of depressive symptoms. There was no association between BDI-II scores and age, gender, marital status, number of children, living alone, recent loss of a loved one, presence of chronic illness, diagnosis of depression, or use of antidepressant medication. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among RMDs, especially night workers, who have less experience in their residency. Active assessment of these RMDs to evaluate their depressive symptoms is important. Preventive measures and educational programmes to improve working conditions need to be reviewed.

Healthcare systems in Europe are facing increasingly complex challenges that demand innovative solutions. Furthermore, public health is increasingly recognised as a productive factor which impacts the healthcare sector’s contribution to national economies. The out-migration of healthcare practitioners from Latvia is one of the most pressing problems in the health sector, which, in turn, negatively impacts the country’s economy. The outflow of healthcare practitioners to other EU countries has increased since 2004, the year which saw Latvia’s accession to the EU. This trend is a consequence of labour accumulation efficiency in the single market, and this article aims at conducting analyses of the main push factors governing healthcare practitioners’ emigration from Latvia and the impact of these factors on the healthcare sector. The complexity of this migration determines the use of an interdisciplinary as a methodological approach in the analysis of the main trends in the healthcare labour market. This approach can assist one in carrying out an assessment of the healthcare system’s losses as a result of the out-migration which has occurred thus far. Particular attention is paid to the training of resident doctors as a perspective trend in keeping healthcare professionals in the country. The legal mechanism for recovering public funding dedicated to residency programs has also been assessed. In conclusion, the article states that the mass emigration of healthcare practitioners from Latvia may jeopardise the efficient functioning of the country’s healthcare system.

Introduction: Residency training may lead to the development of depressive conditions with possible academic and professional consequences. We determined the levels of depression in resident medical doctors (RMDs) and assess the factors influencing depression. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on RMDs working in tertiary research hospital in İstanbul. Participation in the study was voluntary. A questionnaire was distributed to the RMDs participating in the study, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to measure depression levels. This study was presented as a paper at the 5th Eurasian Congress on Emergency Medicine and 12th Turkish Emergency Medicine Congress, November 10-13, 2016 (Antalya, Turkey). Results: A total of 161 RMDs were included in the study (participation rate: 68.8%). Of the RMDs, 65 (40.4%) had depressive symptoms (BDI-II >13). An exploratory analysis of possible risk factors showed that working night shifts, length of residency, and department in which the resident worked were factors for the development of depressive symptoms. There was no association between BDI-II scores and age, gender, marital status, number of children, living alone, recent loss of a loved one, presence of chronic illness, diagnosis of depression, or use of antidepressant medication. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among RMDs, especially night workers, who have less experience in their residency. Active assessment of these RMDs to evaluate their depressive symptoms is important. Preventive measures and educational programmes to improve working conditions need to be reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Starting from 2011, the year that the war in Syria began, the health situation and medical education in Syria have deteriorated, including the training of doctors attending dermatology programs. Moreover, the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has worsened the health situation and negatively impacted the training of resident doctors in Syria, including dermatology residents (DRs). Aim and objective: This part of the study aims to assess the quality of dermatology training and identify the economic difficulties and challenges that residents faced during their residency period in the absence of necessary tools and expertise. Materials and methods: Similar to the second part of the study, a web-based questionnaire was created in May 2023 and distributed electronically to dermatologists and doctors who joined the residency program (RP) in Syria at any time period from 2011 to 2023. Then, the participants' data were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 192 doctors (female, 167; male, 25), whose average age was 27.63, volunteered to participate in the study from 10 governorates in Syria. This part of the study indicated that there is no standardized dermatology training program for all institutions, which are also not equipped with the necessary tools and teaching methods. In addition, it shows that DRs are negatively affected by the deteriorated economic situation. Conclusion: The dermatological residency programs in Syria must be developed to include all the necessary teaching tools and resources to improve the status of DRs and to familiarize them academically with the means of diagnosing and managing cutaneous disorders. Alternative educational curricula for DRs should also be developed, such as telemedicine, in case of the onset of unforeseen crises or outbreaks in order not to negatively affect their education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare systems in Europe are facing increasingly complex challenges that demand innovative solutions. Furthermore, public health is increasingly recognised as a productive factor which impacts the healthcare sector's contribution to national economies. The outmigration of healthcare practitioners from Latvia is one of the most pressing problems in the health sector, which, in turn, negatively impacts the country's economy. The outflow of healthcare practitioners to other EU countries has increased since 2004, the year which saw Latvia's accession to the EU. This trend is a consequence of labour accumulation efficiency in the single market, and this article aims at conducting analyses of the main push factors governing healthcare practitioners' emigration from Latvia and the impact of these factors on the healthcare sector. The complexity of this migration determines the use of an interdisciplinary as a methodological approach in the analysis of the main trends in the healthcare labour market. This approach can assist one in carrying out an assessment of the healthcare system's losses as a result of the out-migration which has occurred thus far. Particular attention is paid to the training of resident doctors as a perspective trend in keeping healthcare professionals in the country. The legal mechanism for recovering public funding dedicated to residency programs has also been assessed. In conclusion, the article states that the mass emigration of healthcare practitioners from Latvia may jeopardise the efficient functioning of the country's healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Han-Wen Zhang,1,* Hong-Ping Tan,1,* Qiu-Xia Feng2 1Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Outpatient Department, Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiu-Xia Feng, Outpatient Department, Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-(0817) 8010120, Email fengqiuxia@hotmail.comBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent occupational disease with high morbidity among healthcare workers. Since the implementation of standardized residency training in China in 2015, the training intensity has significantly increased, which may lead to a higher incidence of LBP. However, epidemiological studies on LBP among resident doctors with standardized training remain scarce.Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among resident doctors with standardized training in a tertiary hospital in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires to collect information on demographics, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and LBP from 345 resident doctors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence of LBP. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with LBP.Results: Among 345 participants, the 1-year prevalence of LBP was 75.9%. Multivariable analysis revealed that physical exercise, weekly working hours, and prolonged sitting were independent risk factors for LBP.Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among resident doctors was high. Promoting physical exercise, controlling working hours, and improving sitting posture may help prevent LBP. The study was limited by its cross-sectional design and self-reported data. Future studies should use longitudinal designs, objective measures, and larger and more representative samples to further explore the epidemiology and etiology of LBP among resident doctors with standardized training.Keywords: low back pain, prevalence, standardized training, resident doctors

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in inducting trainee resident doctors (RDs) in the care of COVID-19 patients. Limited research has been conducted to understand the impact of domains other than physical and emotional health on their lives. The focus has been to understand the negative consequences of COVID-19 duties, disregarding the possibility of any positive impact that could have emerged. Aim: This mixed-methods study (qualitative and quantitative) aims to explore the holistic and comprehensive impacts of COVID-19 duties on RD’s lives. Materials and Methods: This is a mixed-methods convergent design study conducted in a 1400-bed multispecialty teaching hospital in a metropolitan city in India. A phenomenological approach was used for the qualitative part of the study, and the data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs). For quantitative purposes, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was administered. Results: Qualitative findings show themes of negative impact covering domains of physical, emotional, social, and professional life. Themes that reveal a positive impact have emerged in the social, professional, and personal domains of the RDs’ lives. Quantitative and qualitative results were in agreement with all the questions covered in the WHOQOL-BREF scale; however, the qualitative data findings extend far beyond. Conclusion: In the course of the COVID-19 duties, the RD has suffered in multiple domains, yet it has allowed them to self‑reflect and change. As a consequence, they have grown as individuals in many areas of their lives. Working in COVID-19 wards has had a holistic impact on the RDs and has transformed them into better doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 has led to an increase in burden on health-care workers. Postgraduate residents are at the forefront of the pandemic. Understanding its impact and the perspectives of postgraduate residents could provide better solutions to their problems. Objectives: 1. To assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate doctors. 2. To assess the perception of postgraduate doctors regarding the medical profession and its association to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This cross-sectional study recruited 65 postgraduate medical resident doctors working in teaching hospitals involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. They were requested to complete the questionnaire consisting of qualitative as well as quantitative questions. For an objective assessment of anxiety, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used. Relevant statistical methods were employed and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 20.0. Results: The qualitative data showed themes of concern regarding social awareness about COVID-19 (hygiene, masks, and social distancing), working conditions of doctors, and increased stress and burnout. 47.54% (n = 29) of respondents said that they would reconsider their profession/specialty, out of which 21 said that they would switch to another profession. The resident doctors who would reconsider their choice of profession/specialty had significantly higher (P < 0.05) scores for anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusion: Owing to the significant association between anxiety and desire to change their profession altogether, greater psychological support for doctors appears to be a pressing need. It is important that the concerns of the postgraduate residents are addressed promptly and holistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) promotes the integration of updated– best evidence with patient preferences and medical expertise for clinical decision-making. Despite the availability of high-quality evidence such as systematic review and meta-analysis, some clinicians manage their patients based on past experiences and expert opinion. Thus, this study was proposed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM among resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital in India. Participants and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among senior residents and final-year postgraduates (PGs) who were independently involved in clinical decision-making. By convenience sampling method, the participants were recruited, and the validated EBM Questionnaire (EBMQ) was distributed online for assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM. Descriptive statistics were represented as frequency and proportions. Results: A total of 102 resident doctors participated with male preponderance (74.5%). Nearly, 96 (94.1%) participants were already practicing EBM and 21.6% had undergone EBM training. Textbooks (50%) were the most often referred sources for EBM information. Specific EBM databases such as MEDLINE and Cochrane were also utilized by 37.3% of participants. More than 70% of participants understood the terms such as a randomized controlled trial, case–control study, and P value. A higher proportion (80.4%) of participants showed a positive attitude about patient care improved by EBM. Conclusions: The majority of the resident doctors exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude toward applying EBM in clinical decision-making. Periodic training through workshops or courses and integration of EBM with the PG curriculum would potentially enhance the EBM practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 pandemic can lead to burnout among health workers. The study aimed to know the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and its relation to resilience. Methodology: An online anonymous cross-sectional study was done at the sole COVID nodal center of Telangana, India, using a three-part questionnaire E-mailed to all the resident doctors. It included a consent form, sociodemographic data, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to measure burnout, and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale to measure resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 22.0 (IBM). P value was considered statistically significant below 0.05 and all tests were two-tailed. Results: Personal burnout (53.6%) was highest followed by work-related burnout (46.4%) and client-related burnout (40.8%). All three domains of burnout showed a significant negative correlation with scores of resilience (personal burnout [r = −0.240), work burnout (r = −0.203), and client burnout [r = −0.212]; P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Client-related burnout has increased when compared to nonpandemic times. Burnout was inversely associated with resilience, suggesting a role for resilience as a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resident doctors are working in a stressful environment continuously for prolonged period, which can lead to burnout syndrome. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and to determine factors that are associated with burnout. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 200 resident doctors working in different specialties of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout. A specially designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic details and other related factors. Results: In the present study, 52.5% of resident doctors had work-related burnout, 43% had personal burnout, and 36.5% had client-related burnout. Significantly higher burnout was seen in residents of younger age, 3rd-year residency, prolonged hours of continuous work, less hours of sleep, and clinical branches such as obstetrics and gynecology, medicine, and orthopedic. However, the study did not show any significant association of burnout with gender, marital status, and living with spouse/family. Conclusion: Resident doctors were found to have high rates of burnout. Age, year of residency, type of specialty, daily working hours, and sleeping hours were found to be associated with burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) promotes the integration of updated– best evidence with patient preferences and medical expertise for clinical decision-making. Despite the availability of high-quality evidence such as systematic review and meta-analysis, some clinicians manage their patients based on past experiences and expert opinion. Thus, this study was proposed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM among resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital in India. Participants and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among senior residents and final-year postgraduates (PGs) who were independently involved in clinical decision-making. By convenience sampling method, the participants were recruited, and the validated EBM Questionnaire (EBMQ) was distributed online for assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBM. Descriptive statistics were represented as frequency and proportions. Results: A total of 102 resident doctors participated with male preponderance (74.5%). Nearly, 96 (94.1%) participants were already practicing EBM and 21.6% had undergone EBM training. Textbooks (50%) were the most often referred sources for EBM information. Specific EBM databases such as MEDLINE and Cochrane were also utilized by 37.3% of participants. More than 70% of participants understood the terms such as a randomized controlled trial, case–control study, and P value. A higher proportion (80.4%) of participants showed a positive attitude about patient care improved by EBM. Conclusions: The majority of the resident doctors exhibited good knowledge and a positive attitude toward applying EBM in clinical decision-making. Periodic training through workshops or courses and integration of EBM with the PG curriculum would potentially enhance the EBM practice.

Background: Resident doctors are working in a stressful environment continuously for prolonged period, which can lead to burnout syndrome. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and to determine factors that are associated with burnout. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 200 resident doctors working in different specialties of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout. A specially designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic details and other related factors. Results: In the present study, 52.5% of resident doctors had work-related burnout, 43% had personal burnout, and 36.5% had client-related burnout. Significantly higher burnout was seen in residents of younger age, 3rd-year residency, prolonged hours of continuous work, less hours of sleep, and clinical branches such as obstetrics and gynecology, medicine, and orthopedic. However, the study did not show any significant association of burnout with gender, marital status, and living with spouse/family. Conclusion: Resident doctors were found to have high rates of burnout. Age, year of residency, type of specialty, daily working hours, and sleeping hours were found to be associated with burnout.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in inducting trainee resident doctors (RDs) in the care of COVID-19 patients. Limited research has been conducted to understand the impact of domains other than physical and emotional health on their lives. The focus has been to understand the negative consequences of COVID-19 duties, disregarding the possibility of any positive impact that could have emerged. Aim: This mixed-methods study (qualitative and quantitative) aims to explore the holistic and comprehensive impacts of COVID-19 duties on RD's lives. Materials and Methods: This is a mixed-methods convergent design study conducted in a 1400-bed multispecialty teaching hospital in a metropolitan city in India. A phenomenological approach was used for the qualitative part of the study, and the data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs). For quantitative purposes, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was administered. Results: Qualitative findings show themes of negative impact covering domains of physical, emotional, social, and professional life. Themes that reveal a positive impact have emerged in the social, professional, and personal domains of the RDs' lives. Quantitative and qualitative results were in agreement with all the questions covered in the WHOQOL-BREF scale; however, the qualitative data findings extend far beyond. Conclusion: In the course of the COVID-19 duties, the RD has suffered in multiple domains, yet it has allowed them to self-reflect and change. As a consequence, they have grown as individuals in many areas of their lives. Working in COVID-19 wards has had a holistic impact on the RDs and has transformed them into better doctors.

Introduction: COVID-19 has led to an increase in burden on health-care workers. Postgraduate residents are at the forefront of the pandemic. Understanding its impact and the perspectives of postgraduate residents could provide better solutions to their problems. Objectives: 1. To assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate doctors. 2. To assess the perception of postgraduate doctors regarding the medical profession and its association to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This cross-sectional study recruited 65 postgraduate medical resident doctors working in teaching hospitals involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. They were requested to complete the questionnaire consisting of qualitative as well as quantitative questions. For an objective assessment of anxiety, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used. Relevant statistical methods were employed and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 20.0. Results: The qualitative data showed themes of concern regarding social awareness about COVID-19 (hygiene, masks, and social distancing), working conditions of doctors, and increased stress and burnout. 47.54% (n = 29) of respondents said that they would reconsider their profession/specialty, out of which 21 said that they would switch to another profession. The resident doctors who would reconsider their choice of profession/specialty had significantly higher (P < 0.05) scores for anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusion: Owing to the significant association between anxiety and desire to change their profession altogether, greater psychological support for doctors appears to be a pressing need. It is important that the concerns of the postgraduate residents are addressed promptly and holistically.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic can lead to burnout among health workers. The study aimed to know the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and its relation to resilience. Methodology: An online anonymous cross-sectional study was done at the sole COVID nodal center of Telangana, India, using a three-part questionnaire E-mailed to all the resident doctors. It included a consent form, sociodemographic data, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to measure burnout, and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale to measure resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 22.0 (IBM). P value was considered statistically significant below 0.05 and all tests were two-tailed. Results: Personal burnout (53.6%) was highest followed by work-related burnout (46.4%) and client-related burnout (40.8%). All three domains of burnout showed a significant negative correlation with scores of resilience (personal burnout [r = −0.240), work burnout (r = −0.203), and client burnout [r = −0.212]; P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Client-related burnout has increased when compared to nonpandemic times. Burnout was inversely associated with resilience, suggesting a role for resilience as a protective factor.

Objectives: The current study aimed to detect the BOS prevalence and determinants among residents working during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in an Egyptian tertiary university referral hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluating the working period from June to November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic second wave, through a five sections questionnaire evaluating: 1 − sociodemographic characteristics, 2 − job characteristics, 3 − negative thoughts related to their job, 4 − resident's health problems, and 5 − evaluating BOS through Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale (including emotional exhaustion [EE], depersonalization [DP], and personal accomplishment [PA] as subscales). Results: We included 230 residents with a median age of 27 years. The median MBI sub-scales (IQ Range) values were 30.0 (20, 39), 21.0 (15, 30), and 29.5 (22, 36) for EE, DP, and PA, respectively. About 51.0% and 83.0% of the residents were high in EE and DP, while 8.7% were low in PA. The median EE and DP were higher in younger age (⩽27 years; p =.002 and.024), males (p =.001 and <.001), working >90 hours weekly (p =.016 and <.001), exposure to harassment (p <.001), and having COVID-19 infection (p =.002 and.001). Residents working in surgical departments reported higher DP scores than those in non-surgical departments (p =.03). There was a mild positive correlation between working hours per week and the total scores in EE and DP, r =.24 (p <.001) and r =.23 (p =.001) respectively, while it was found to have a negative correlation with the PA (r = −.133 and p =.044). Conclusions: The BOS is evident and considerably high among the residents working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Younger age, males, working in surgical departments, and those who got COVID-19 infection were most vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from exposure to chronic work-related stress. There are, however, a few works of literature on burnout among trainee doctors in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the prevalence of burnout and its predictors among resident doctors across 16 medical specialties and/or subspecialties. Setting: The University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 resident doctors between October 2020 and January 2021. The survey included the Proforma and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS MP). Results: The mean age of participants was 35.10 (SD 4.07) years. The prevalence of burnout was 21.6% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 13.6% for high depersonalization (DP), and 30.7% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Being a younger resident doctor aged 31–35 (OR = 3.715, 95% CI [1.270 – 10.871]) was the only significant predictor for the EE. Predictors of DP included the age group 31–35 years (OR = 7.143, 95% CI [2.297 – 22.216]), duty hours 50 hours per week (OR = 2.984, 95% CI [1.203 – 7.401]), and presence of work-related stress (OR = 3.701, 95% CI [1.315 – 10.421]). A good relationship with colleagues negatively predicted low PA (OR = 0.221, 95% CI [0.086 – 0.572]). Conclusion: High levels of burnout are prevalent among resident doctors, comparable to international studies. Therefore, the government and other relevant stakeholders must drive legislation and formulate policies toward addressing the work-related factors associated with burnout in the Nigerian healthcare industry. Contribution: This study highlighted the determinants of burnout among Nigerian resident doctors, which necessitates targeted interventions to address them.

summary: Background: We assess the efficacy of orientation programmes for doctors of proper donning, doffing techniques for personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe practices inside the COVID-19 hospital in reducing the COVID-19 infection rate among doctors. Methods: A total of 767 resident doctors and 197 faculty visits on weekly rotation were recorded over a six month period. Doctors were guided through orientation sessions before their entry into the COVID-19 hospital from 1 August 2020. The infection rate among doctors was used to study the efficacy of the programme. McNemars Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rate in the two groups before and after orientation sessions were commenced. Discussion: A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection was seen among resident doctors after orientation programmes and infrastructure modification (3% vs 7.4%, P=0.03). Twenty-eight of 32 (87.5%) doctors who tested positive developed asymptomatic to mild infection. The infection rate was 3.65% and 2.1% among residents and faculty respectively. There was no mortality recorded. Conclusion: Orientation programme for healthcare workers for PPE donning and doffing protocols with practical demonstration and trial of PPE usage can significantly reduce COVID-19 infection. Such sessions should be mandatory for all workers on deputation in designated area for Infectious Diseases and in pandemic situations.

Background: There is a dearth of longitudinal research that measures the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of resident doctors. Aim: This study aimed to estimate depression, anxiety, stress, burnout, and sleep disturbances (insomnia and nightmares) among resident doctors after COVID-19 duty. The study was a prospective longitudinal study among resident doctors posted in COVID-19 wards in a tertiary hospital in North India. Methods: The participants were assessed at two points of time, two months apart, on a semistructured questionnaire and self-rated scales for depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, sleep quality, nightmare experience, and burnout. Results: A significant proportion of resident doctors working in a COVID hospital had symptoms of depression (29.6%), anxiety (28.6%), stress (18.1%), insomnia (22%), and burnout (32.4%), even after two months of being off COVID duty. It was seen that these psychological outcomes had a strong positive correlation with each other. Compromised sleep quality and burnout significantly predicted depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. Conclusion: The current study has added to the psychiatric aspects of COVID-19 among resident doctors and the changes in these symptoms with time and highlights the need for targeted interventions to decrease these adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from exposure to chronic workrelated stress. There are, however, a few works of literature on burnout among trainee doctors in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the prevalence of burnout and its predictors among resident doctors across 16 medical specialties and/or subspecialties. Setting: The University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 resident doctors between October 2020 and January 2021. The survey included the Proforma and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS MP). Results: The mean age of participants was 35.10 (SD 4.07) years. The prevalence of burnout was 21.6% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 13.6% for high depersonalization (DP), and 30.7% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Being a younger resident doctor aged 31-35 (OR = 3.715, 95% CI [1.270 - 10.871]) was the only significant predictor for the EE. Predictors of DP included the age group 31-35 years (OR = 7.143, 95% CI [2.297 - 22.216]), duty hours >50 hours per week (OR = 2.984, 95% CI [1.203 - 7.401]), and presence of work-related stress (OR = 3.701, 95% CI [1.315 - 10.421]). A good relationship with colleagues negatively predicted low PA (OR = 0.221, 95% CI [0.086 - 0.572]). Conclusion: High levels of burnout are prevalent among resident doctors, comparable to international studies. Therefore, the government and other relevant stakeholders must drive legislation and formulate policies toward addressing the work-related factors associated with burnout in the Nigerian healthcare industry. Contribution: This study highlighted the determinants of burnout among Nigerian resident doctors, which necessitates targeted interventions to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Copyrighted Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is perhaps the most widely used and validated tool in assessing burnout among different occupations and health care professionals compared to the free to use Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of these tools in comparison with MBI among a subset of Nigerian resident doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with reliability of the burnout scales calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed by principal component analysis and correlating dimensions within each burnout tool with one another using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The criterion validity of each dimension was assessed for the ability of independent variables to predict their scores using multiple linear regression. Results: Copenhagen Personal Burnout dimension had the highest Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.91. MBI-Emotional Exhaustion had the highest correlations with Copenhagen Work-related, Copenhagen Personal-related, and Oldenburg Exhaustion burnout dimensions. Only the multiple regression models for Copenhagen personal (p = 0.04) and work-related (p = 0.02) burnout dimensions were significant, with the specialty of the residents being the significant independent variable in both models. Conclusion: CBI and OLBI have high internal consistency and reliability among the subset of resident doctors recruited into this study, CBI dimensions had the best predictive and construct validity and can be used as valid alternative to MBI.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care workers is increasing. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of resident doctors and interns of a tertiary care hospital who experienced WPV, to find out the perpetrators of WPV, and to ascertain any association between WPV and work-related stress. Materials and Methods: This observational, institution-based, cross-sectional study included resident doctors and interns working in six different departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapted and validated from the "WPV in the health sector survey questionnaire" from WHO along with "Perceived occupational stress scale." Results: Out of 323 participants, 247 (76.47%) experienced some form of WPV, 138 (42.72%) experienced physical violence and 203 (62.85%) experienced psychological violence. Patient relatives were reported as the only perpetrators of physical violence, while seniors of the study subjects were reported as main perpetrators of psychological violence. One hundred and thirty-four (42%) individuals reported work-related stress. On multivariate analysis, psychological violence was significantly associated with work-related stress. Conclusion: WPV was experienced by a high proportion of study subjects. Psychological violence was more frequently experienced, and senior colleagues were deemed responsible in most cases. WPV may be associated with work-related stress.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the awareness of medical research (MR) among resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted for 30 days among the residents of paraclinical, surgical, and nonsurgical specialties, based on a customized self-prepared questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done. Undergraduates, interns, and faculty members were excluded from the study. Scoring was given from 1 to 10 based on their responses to the ten knowledge-based questions in the questionnaire. Data regarding the publication of research articles if any, obstacles in conducting research, and suggestions to improve the research awareness were recorded. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Based on the scoring, they were divided into three groups: below average if the score is

Purpose/Aims: This research aimed to study the profile, perceptions, barriers, and predictors of Nigerian resident doctors' level of engagement in scientific research. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey of 438 resident doctors in Nigeria. This study forms a part of the big CHARTING Study, the protocol of which was published in “Nigeria Journal of Medicine 2019;28:198-205.” Results: Three hundred and eighteen (72.8%) respondents were male and 119 (27.2%) were female. There were 229 (52.4%) registrars and 208 (47.6%) senior registrars, while residents in surgical versus nonsurgical specialties were 190 (44.5%) and 237 (55.5%), respectively. Three hundred and sixty-eight (85%) respondents had participated previously in research; 67 (15.6%) and 72 (16.6%) had their papers published in local or international journals, respectively; and only 46 (10.6%) had held first authorship positions in peer-reviewed journal publications. The significant barriers to research identified among them included lack of funding, lack of free time, inadequate training/knowledge on research methodology, and the onerous nature of clinical research. The independent predictor of previous engagement with research was years on current job (P = 0.007). This was similar to finding for the first authorship of a peer-reviewed article among the respondents (0.017). Conclusion: This study concludes that publication and grantsmanship rates were very low among the surveyed resident doctors, despite their high rate of engagement in research projects. There is a need for increased research capacity building among resident doctors in Nigeria.

CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychological status of frontline medical professionals who constantly work under stressful situations. The role of social support and resilience in safeguarding the mental health of resident doctors, is an area, which has not received due attention. AIMS: To assess the psychological status (depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19) and its association with resilience and perceived social support in resident doctors during COVID-19 pandemic. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the resident doctors in a tertiary hospital in Kochi, Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey created using Google forms was sent via social media groups to the resident doctors of a teaching hospital in Kochi between August to September 2020. Two hundred completed responses were obtained. Study tools included a sociodemographic proforma, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7, Fear of COVID-19 scale, Brief Resilience Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Psychological status (depression, anxiety, fear of COVID-19) was expressed using descriptive statistics; its association with sociodemographic variables using Chi-square test and its correlation with resilience and social support using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Depression and anxiety were reported in 69% and 59.5% of the respondents, respectively. The mean fear of COVID-19 score was 24.06 (3.220). Resilience and overall social support index showed a significant negative correlation with depression and anxiety scores (P = 0.000). Emotional social support and affectionate social support showed a significant negative correlation with fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.040; P = 0.045, respectively). Conclusion: A large proportion of resident doctors were noted to have depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19. Individuals with higher levels of resilience and perceived social support had lesser levels of depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19.

Background: Early Career Doctors (ECDs) are medical doctors who are in their internship, postgraduate specialist training and medical/dental officers below the rank of principal medical/dental officers. The long hours of work, staff-shortage and various expectations at this formative stage expose ECDs to potential negative outcomes including poor work-life balance. Methods: This systematic review included all available original articles on the work-life balance among ECDs world-wide between 2006 and 2020. PubMED, Google Scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL) databases were searched, and the review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: The literature search yielded 145 articles, and after screening 33 articles were included in this review. Twenty (87.9%) of the studies were cross sectional studies, 5 (15.2%) were prospective cohort studies and 1 (3%) was an interventional study, sample size ranged from 21 to 4,581 ECDs with a mean age range 24-35±7yrs. Positive work-life balance was reported among ECDs in 4.7% Karachi, 21% Ireland, 23% USA, 27% Australia; major determining factors include work-load and burn-out, female gender, specialty and location of practice, flexibility of work schedule; and the impacts are burn-out and reduced career satisfaction. Interpretation: Work-life balance among ECDs is poor worldwide, and is worse amongst the more junior cadre and female gender. It is recommended that reduction in work hours, improved wages, social and organizational support could improve the quality of work-life balance among ECDs.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the awareness of medical research (MR) among resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted for 30 days among the residents of paraclinical, surgical, and nonsurgical specialties, based on a customized self-prepared questionnaire. Convenience sampling was done. Undergraduates, interns, and faculty members were excluded from the study. Scoring was given from 1 to 10 based on their responses to the ten knowledge-based questions in the questionnaire. Data regarding the publication of research articles if any, obstacles in conducting research, and suggestions to improve the research awareness were recorded. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Based on the scoring, they were divided into three groups: below average if the score is <5, average if the score is 5–7, and above average if the score is 8–10. Results: A total of 364 resident doctors were included in the study. They were divided into three groups which include paraclinical (n = 56, 15%), surgical (n = 132, 36%), and nonsurgical branches (n = 176, 48%). Scores for the three levels, i.e., below average, average, and above average were 0, 39% (n = 140), and 61% (n = 224), respectively. Forty-eight percent of participants had a publication. Obstacles for conducting the research included lack of time (55%), lack of interest (29%), lack of guidance (35%), and lack of material and teaching (45%). The majority (n = 300, 82%) suggested that conducting more interactive sessions or teaching programs may help in improving the awareness on research. Conclusions: Most of the resident doctors had a fair knowledge of MR but its application into practice was limited. Including research as a part of the medical curriculum, conducting educational programs or conferences oriented on research may improve the awareness about research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emigration of doctors from Nigeria has been on the increase in recent years, with no obvious efforts to manage or mitigate the negative impacts of this growing trend on the already weak health system. This study assessed the emigration intentions of doctors undergoing residency training at the premier tertiary healthcare center in Nigeria and the factors that influence these intentions. This mixed-method study was cross-sectional in design. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to identify the factors that influence the emigration intentions of resident doctors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were also conducted to further explore the push and pull factors identified from the survey and their migration preferences. A total of 244 resident doctors completed the questionnaires and 10 participated in the IDIs. Overall, 57.4% of the respondents had emigration intentions and 34.8% had made various attempts at emigrating. Major factors that encouraged resident doctors to emigrate to developed countries included better working and living conditions, good salary and the opportunity for career advancement in destination countries. Family ties was the single most important factor that deterred resident doctors from emigrating. The UK was found to be the top preferred destination. Strategic approaches and multisectoral collaborations will be required to address doctors' emigration from Nigeria. These efforts should be targeted at not just the health sector but should also include the social and economic aspects of the lives of resident doctors, to improve their living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Clare Bostock was part of the organising committee for the Edinburgh International Course on Medicine for the Older Adult 2024.

Background: Doctors' job satisfaction is crucial to the health service to ensure commitment, effective training, service provision, and retention. Job satisfaction matters to doctors for their happiness, fulfilment, service to patients, and duty to employers. The quality of performance in the health sector to a large extent depends on whether healthcare providers are job-satisfied or dissatisfied. Objectives: This study assessed the level and factors determining job satisfaction among resident doctors in a federal tertiary institution. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the resident doctors of a government tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 49 items under seven domains of job satisfaction, where higher values indicated a higher level of satisfaction. The average scores of items were computed to construct factor scores for each individual. A Chi-square test was applied. Results: The proportion of job satisfaction among resident doctors was found to be 80.9%. On adjustment, the odds of being satisfied were found to be higher in the older age groups, among males, and doctors posted in clinical departments. Conclusion: Most respondents in this study were satisfied with their jobs with minorities satisfied with their monetary and infrastructure facilities. There is a need to address these issues to enhance healthcare quality, especially in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on mental health and subjective psychological wellbeing. One of the most affected population is medical students, reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and overall poorer wellbeing. However, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, and subjective psychological wellbeing has not been extensively researched in medical students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, and subjective psychological wellbeing. Methods: In total, 524 medical students and resident doctors (78.6% female, mean age 24 ± 3 years old) participated in an online survey between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed the WHO—Five Wellbeing Index Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female participants' worse subjective psychological wellbeing was associated with sleep difficulties [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.37–4.18, p = 0.002], higher depression (OR = 6.13, 95% CI = 3.46–10.88, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.66–5.22, p < 0.001). In male participants, analysis revealed an association between worse subjective psychological wellbeing and higher depression scores (OR = 9.94, 95% CI = 3.29–30.03, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sex differences are an important factor to consider when evaluating subjective psychological wellbeing. Clinicians should be aware of significant contributors, such as sleep patterns anxiety, and depression, to subjective psychological wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the protests of resident doctors in Poland, with a particular focus on their hunger protest in October 2017. We use a theoretical framework of three types of groups – epistemic communities, communities of practice and interest groups – to show their strategies used for gaining influence upon healthcare. We show the dynamics of the protest, with a shift from self-centred to public-oriented demands. We present how a professional group managed to shape the public discourse on healthcare, introducing their key demands, which became not only media catchphrases, but also the axis of the media discourse on any future healthcare reforms. We also reconstruct how the resident doctors defined and identified themselves as an epistemic community, with an elaborate and well-planned strategy employed to gain public visibility, media attention and public support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Aims: This research aimed to study the profile, perceptions, barriers, and predictors of Nigerian resident doctors' level of engagement in scientific research. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey of 438 resident doctors in Nigeria. This study forms a part of the big CHARTING Study, the protocol of which was published in "Nigeria Journal of Medicine 2019;28:198-205." Results: Three hundred and eighteen (72.8%) respondents were male and 119 (27.2%) were female. There were 229 (52.4%) registrars and 208 (47.6%) senior registrars, while residents in surgical versus nonsurgical specialties were 190 (44.5%) and 237 (55.5%), respectively. Three hundred and sixty-eight (85%) respondents had participated previously in research; 67 (15.6%) and 72 (16.6%) had their papers published in local or international journals, respectively; and only 46 (10.6%) had held first authorship positions in peer-reviewed journal publications. The significant barriers to research identified among them included lack of funding, lack of free time, inadequate training/knowledge on research methodology, and the onerous nature of clinical research. The independent predictor of previous engagement with research was years on current job (P = 0.007). This was similar to finding for the first authorship of a peer-reviewed article among the respondents (0.017). Conclusion: This study concludes that publication and grantsmanship rates were very low among the surveyed resident doctors, despite their high rate of engagement in research projects. There is a need for increased research capacity building among resident doctors in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers is a common and daily problem in hospitals worldwide. Studies in different countries indicated that exposure to WPV potentially impacts the psychological status of healthcare workers. However, there is a paucity of studies approaching this issue in the Syrian healthcare system. Objectives This study had three objectives: (1) to estimate the prevalence of violence against resident doctors in Syria, (2) to examine the association between WPV and resident doctors’ psychological stress, sleep quality, depression, and general health and (3) to suggest approaches to tackle this problem from the resident doctors' perspectives. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 out of 14 provinces, and covered 17 out of 56 accessible functioning hospitals in Syria. Data were collected using anonymous, self-administered questionnaires during February 2020. A total of 1226 resident doctors volunteered to participate in the study. Finally, 1127 valid questionnaires were used in the final data analysis. The overall response rate was 91.92%. Results A total of 955 participants (84.74%) reported exposure to WPV in the 12 months prior to the study. In specific, 84.74% exposed to verbal violence and 19.08% to physical violence. Patients’ associates were the predominant aggressors in both verbal and physical violence (n = 856; 89.63%, n = 178; 82.79%, respectively). Most resident doctors (87.31%) suggested enacting more legislation to protect doctors as the best solution to reduce WPV. Verbal and physical violence showed a significant positive correlation with each item of depression and stress, and a significant negative correlation with both subjective sleep quality and subjective health. Conclusion Workplace violence against resident doctors in Syria is highly common. Therefore, policymakers, hospital managers, and supervisors should work collaboratively in order to minimize WPV and ensure resident doctors’ safety and psychophysical stability.

Introduction: Organ donation provides a life-saving opportunity for those individuals with organ failure who have no other options. The knowledge, attitude, and practices of medical professionals play a vital role in promoting the positive impact of organ donation. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and assess the knowledge and attitude about cadaveric organ donation among the medical health professionals. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health-care professionals toward cadaveric organ donation and to know their awareness regarding legislations pertaining to cadaveric organ donation. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was filled out by consenting consultants, resident doctors, and nurses working at a tertiary health-care setting, to evaluate their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding cadaveric organ donation. Data were analyzed and summarized as frequencies and proportions. Results: Majority (74%) of the participants were females and most (67.8%) of them below 40 years of age. Hindus comprised 55.2% and Christians 41% of the study population. All consultants, 99.1% of resident doctors and 83.1% of nurses were familiar with the concept of cadaveric organ donation. Although willingness to donate organs was expressed by a majority of the health-care professionals, only a few have actually taken the initiative and pledged to donate their organs. Conclusion: The knowledge of the health-care professionals pertaining to cadaveric organ donation was found to be relatively good, whereas their attitude was found to be favorable. As far as practices were concerned, they were found to be unsatisfactory. Awareness level regarding legislations pertaining to organ donation was relatively high.

Background: Obtaining feedback from trainees is important in the evaluation and evolution of Postgraduate Medical Education (PME), and policies made based on their felt needs would go a long way in making residency training a worthwhile experience. This pilot study aimed to assess resident doctors' perception of the training content, atmosphere, and organization using the Scan of Postgraduate Educational Environment Domains (SPEED) tool. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst resident doctors at Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) in Nigeria, between May and August 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic data, their perception of PME in their respective departments, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the training programmes. Validity and reliability indices were assessed, and descriptive, inferential, and correlational analyses were run where appropriate. Results: The mean score for the resident doctors' perception of training content, atmosphere, and organization was 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.2 ± 0.5 and 3.69 ± 0.60 respectively, out of a maximum of 5, indicating a positive perception of training in BUTH. The major strengths perceived by most residents were good inter-personal relations between residents and their trainers, as well as conducive learning and work environment; while the weaknesses include poor remuneration and limited staffing which hampers rotations. Conclusion: Resident doctors in BUTH mostly had a positive outlook on their training. This study serves as a reference point for local policy change (in BUTH), and a framework from which future studies on PME can emerge.

Background: Residency training develops trainees to practice evidence-based medicine using knowledge acquired through researches. Resident doctors are not just expected to be consumers of good researches but are also expected to build their competencies in conducting researches in their fields of specialization. They are expected to engage in journal clubs as well as scientific paper presentations in local and international conferences under the mentorship and guidance of their trainers. In addition, trainers in residency training supervise the compulsory dissertation of senior residents under them. Objectives: We aimed to assess research engagement of resident doctors in training and pattern of submission and approval of their dissertation proposal. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive study involving resident doctors in accredited hospitals in Northwestern Nigeria. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to respondents via their verified electronic media contacts. Data were collected within a period of 1 month from July 10 to August 6, 2020. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, simple tables as well as Z-test and Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for decision purposes. Results: A total of 120 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of respondents was 38.0 ± 3.8 years, with majority being males 88 (83.3%), and 107 (89.2%) being married. Only 12 (10%) and 44 (36.7%) respondents had published manuscript before and since commencement of residency training, respectively. There was a significant difference between manuscript publication before and since commencement of residency training (P = 0.012). Only 32% of the respondents who submitted their dissertation proposal to the colleges did so within 12 months of success in their Part 1 fellowship examination. There was no association between the publication of manuscript during residency training and submission of dissertation to either National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (P = 0.190), West African College of Surgeons (P = 0.686), or West African College of Physicians (P = 0.317). Conclusion: Research engagement by resident doctors from this study was not satisfactory. Publication of manuscript by resident doctors was associated with prior publication before commencement of residency training and type of training hospital.

Introduction: Job satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) are critical issues among early-career doctors (ECDs) in Nigeria; however, there is a paucity of data on these two issues. This study explored job satisfaction and QOL among ECDs in Nigeria. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic and job satisfaction parameters from 667 ECDs in seven Nigerian tertiary hospitals. The World Health Organisation QOL-BREF tool was used to assess their QoL. Results: Results showed that the ECDs were satisfied with their career choice; however, they were not satisfied in the areas of remuneration, workload, and work environment. Furthermore, QOL was fairly above average, with the lowest scores reported in the environmental domain and only a slight male-to-female difference in the physical domain. Conclusion: Clinical practice dissatisfaction among ECDs could negatively impact healthcare service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended that the quality of the workplace environment and infrastructure in society at large should be improved upon by various stakeholders. This will positively impact the QoL of ECDs and enhance optimal healthcare delivery to the nation's teeming population.

Reflective practice has evolved over the years from being an informal subconscious process to a deliberate and formal one. Residency training programs are avenues for preparing residents for a lifetime of specialist practice, and reflective practice is being incorporated into the curriculum of the program in many parts of the world. There is no universal template for carrying out reflective practice; however, there appear to be accruable benefits to residents who can surmount the barriers and undergo some form of reflection using any of the available models. This article seeks to appraise reflective practice and the inherent benefits to the resident doctor and his practice. Thus, it makes a case for incorporating reflection into the curriculum of residency training programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also demonstrates the need to ensure standardized, reproducible methods of reflection globally.

Background: Health-care workers around the world are extending support to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented situation has put the health-care system under tremendous pressure. One of the underrepresented and under addressed area is that of psychological stress experienced by doctors in this time of crisis. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate for the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among resident doctors working at a COVID-19 tertiary care center and the factors associated with their mental health status. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of resident doctors was conducted over a 10-day period from June 1 to 10, 2020, through e-mail using a 2-part questionnaire – 1st part included information about sociodemographic profile and factors affecting the mental status and the 2nd included questions from the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The scoring cutoffs for the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were >9, 7, and 14, respectively. The responses were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM) with P value as significant below 0.05 and all tests were two tailed. Results: Four hundred and thirty six out of 620 residents completed the survey yielding a response rate of 70.3%. A considerable proportion had symptoms of depression 132 (30.3%), anxiety 179 (41.1%), and stress 102 (23.4%). Females, first-line workers, those with a past history, and family history of mental illness had statistically significant higher scores on all three subscales of DASS-21. The number of working hours showed a significant positive correlation with symptoms of anxiety (r = 0.138, P = 0.004) and stress (r = 0.108, P = 0.024). Conclusion: One-third of respondents reported experiencing negative emotional states currently, indicating pandemic's psychological impact on frontline health workers. There is a need for mental health interventions targeting frontline health workers who are a crucial workforce in lower middle economy like India and promote their overall mental well-being.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency. Many changes have occurred in social and professional scenario, including medical education system, especially among resident doctors. Aim of this study is to investigate the predictive factors of COVID-19 infection in resident doctors at a specialized isolation center for COVID-19 hospital. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design with sampling method which was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021. A total of 287 out of the 434 resident doctors were included in the study. Competency level, period of work, working duration, place of assignment, level of PPE kit was compared with rRT-PCR result. Significant variables were entered, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict factors that can affect the infection. A p-values <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Among the total participants, 164 (57.1%) had junior level competency; 156 (54.4%) were assigned for more than 4 weeks; 133 (46.3%) worked in isolation ward; 277 (96.5%) used PPE level 3 and 30 (10.5%) had positive rRT-PCR result. Bivariate analysis showed that individuals working at laboratory (p=0.013), level of PPE (p=0.013), enrollment in certain months {(August (p=0.001), September (p=0.011), and November (p=0.005)} were related to a positive rRT-PCR result. Conclusion: There was an association between COVID-19 infection in resident doctors with level of PPE kit, place of assignment and enrollment in certain months (August and November 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychological status of frontline medical professionals who constantly work under stressful situations. The role of social support and resilience in safeguarding the mental health of resident doctors, is an area, which has not received due attention. AIMS: To assess the psychological status (depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19) and its association with resilience and perceived social support in resident doctors during COVID-19 pandemic. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the resident doctors in a tertiary hospital in Kochi, Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey created using Google forms was sent via social media groups to the resident doctors of a teaching hospital in Kochi between August to September 2020. Two hundred completed responses were obtained. Study tools included a sociodemographic proforma, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7, Fear of COVID-19 scale, Brief Resilience Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Psychological status (depression, anxiety, fear of COVID-19) was expressed using descriptive statistics; its association with sociodemographic variables using Chi-square test and its correlation with resilience and social support using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Depression and anxiety were reported in 69% and 59.5% of the respondents, respectively. The mean fear of COVID-19 score was 24.06 (3.220). Resilience and overall social support index showed a significant negative correlation with depression and anxiety scores (P = 0.000). Emotional social support and affectionate social support showed a significant negative correlation with fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.040; P = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSION: A large proportion of resident doctors were noted to have depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19. Individuals with higher levels of resilience and perceived social support had lesser levels of depression, anxiety, and fear of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dissertation is now a necessary part of the fellowship examinations of both the West African college of surgeons and physicians and the national postgraduate medical college of Nigeria. Many resident doctors are confused about how to get on with their proposals and the dissertations. This confusion often leads to frustrations, and in extreme cases to unnecessary delay in attempting the examinations when due. Aim: This study aims to identify the common errors made by resident doctors in the proposal and dissertations and to recommend the solutions to such problems. Methods: This survey is based on a direct interview with experienced examiners in both colleges. The examiners were asked to list what they observed as the common problems they identified concerning the proposal and dissertation of residents. The answers were collated and categorized according to the frequencies of problems identified. Based on the response of the examiners, a questionnaire was designed and administered to the senior residents who are at various stages of writing their dissertations. Results: Some of the findings include starting the proposal too late, difficulty in choosing a topic, mediocre and tedious literature search, difficulty in finding appropriate supervisors, poor appreciation of basic research design and necessary statistical tests, improper presentation of results and wrong referencing. Others are editorial mistakes, pagination errors, and the lack of knowledge on proper attitude and skill during the defense. Conclusion: Starting too late is the most common error made by the resident doctor in the dissertation. Residents should choose a topic within 6 months of passing the membership examination.

Background: Early career doctors (ECDs) are a dynamic and highly mobile group of medical and dental practitioners who form a significant proportion of the health workforce in Nigeria. The challenges of residency training and ECDs in Nigeria CHARTING Phase I study explored limited challenges affecting ECDs under the broad themes of demography, workplace issues, and psychosocial issues. The CHARTING II was expanded to provide wider insight into the challenges of ECDs in Nigeria. Objective: This protocol aims to provide clear objectives including description of objectives, design, and rationale for the conduct of the proposed CHARTING II study which seeks to explore other components under the various themes of demographic, workplace, psychosocial issues affecting the ECDs in Nigeria, and which were not explored under CHARTING I. Methodology: This shall be a mixed study design that will combine qualitative and quantitative methods, to investigate 27 subthemes among 2000 ECDs spread across 31 centers, accredited by the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors. Participants shall be selected using the multistage sampling method. The primary data will be generated using structured proforma and validated questionnaires, while administrative sources would serve as a source of secondary data. Data will be entered and analyzed using appropriate statistical software. Conclusion: CHARTING II study would provide more robust data and insight into the problems encountered by ECDs in Nigeria. This would in turn build a platform for institutional engagement and advocacy in order to drive relevant policies to mitigate these challenges.