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While it is clear that space matters when it comes to explaining crime, there is a lack of research exploring whether such spatial effects remain significant if victim characteristics are introduced into the analysis. This paper addresses this gap by applying risk terrain modeling to predict assaults for victims of different racial backgrounds and local versus non-local residents. The results show spatial risk factors have different impact on the likelihood of victimization for individuals of different racial backgrounds and those who live in the city where the crime occurs versus those who are visiting. The findings suggest that more attention should be given to integrating the victim characteristics with the characteristics of space when predicting violent crime using spatial analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor ozone (O3) is elevated on hot, sunny days when residential air conditioning is used most. We evaluated the impact of direct evaporative coolers (ECs) and vapor-compression air conditioners (ACs) on indoor O3 concentrations in homes (N = 31) in Utah County, Utah, United States of America. Indoor and outdoor O3 concentrations were measured for 24 h at each home using nitrite-impregnated glass-fiber filters. AC homes (n = 16) provided a protective envelope from outdoor O3 pollution. Only one AC home had O3 levels above the limit of detection (LOD). Conversely, EC homes (n = 15) provided minimal protection from outdoor O3. Only one EC home had O3 levels below the LOD. The average indoor O3 concentration in EC homes was 23 ppb (95% CI 20, 25). The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratio for O3 in EC homes was 0.65 (95% CI 0.58, 0.72), while the upper bound for the I/O ratio for AC homes was 0.13 (p < 0.001). Indoor exposure to O3 for residents in EC homes is approximately five times greater than for residents of AC homes. Although ECs offer energy and cost-saving advantages, public health awareness campaigns in O3-prone areas are needed, as well as research into O3 pollution controls for direct ECs such as activated carbon filtration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare justice sensitivity between self-perceived beneficiaries, victims, and observers in a sample of 90 healthcare workers (nurses and physiotherapists) at the Varaždinske Toplice Special Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Croatia. For this purpose we used a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and the Croatian version of the justice sensitivity inventory developed by Schmitt. Regardless of its limitations, our study clearly shows that healthcare professionals at Varaždinske Toplice are most sensitive to injustice from the beneficiary's perspective, that is, as persons who personally benefitted from injustice, although they may not have been instrumental to this effect. They are less sensitive to injustice perceived on the outside (observer's perspective) or to injustice suffered by themselves (victim's perspective). Another important finding is that participants of female gender, rural residence, and nurses (who are all women) are significantly more sensitive to injustice, whereas age and marital status do not seem to contribute to justice sensitivity. Future research should investigate the perception of injustice over a longer timeframe and involve all healthcare workers. It could also address different approaches to management, especially in terms of worker rewards and career advancement. Qualitative research among healthcare workers could provide a broader and clearer idea of social injustice at their workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role that place of birth and place of residence have in variation in cognition in adulthood in the UK. We take advantage of both the large sample size and number of cognitive domains in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of place of birth and place of residence on adulthood cognition using multilevel modeling. We find, consistent with studies in the US, that place effects at both time points contribute modest variation (<3% of the variation) across all measured cognitive domains, suggesting a relative lack of contribution of shared environments in explaining future Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Moreover, the geographical contribution to cognitive function in adulthood was slightly larger for females than for males. This study is among the first to explore the impact of both the independent and joint associations of place of birth and place of residence with different cognitive domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Tanzania, and all over the world, including Tanzania Zanzibar, courts of laws have considered domicile as an important connecting factor in the determination of various disputes brought before the court of laws in cases relating to conflict of laws, especially on issues relating to jurisdiction of the courts and capacity to marry in various marital disputes. In a most cases, the courts attempt to investigate how far and the extent to which domicile may be considered as the connecting factor in settling issues of validity of marriages or determination of divorce cases between disputants. Legal speaking, when a person files a lawsuit in a court of law relating to a conflict of laws, one of the interesting questions the court would wish to test is how the matter in question is connected or linked with the domicile of the disputant. It is on this basis that this research article discusses domicile as a personal connecting factor in conflict of laws disputes in Tanzania, with special attention to the above-stated case law, as decided by the Zanzibar courts. The decision by the Zanzibar courts, as discussed in this article, has laid a basic foundation on the domicile as the connecting factor in conflict of laws. The article further examines the extent to which domicile was considered as connecting factor by the Zanzibar courts in determining above selected case law in conflict of laws.

Autistic children are prone to experience heightened levels of distress and physiological reactivity to a range of sensory, social, and emotional stimuli. In line with this, multiple studies have demonstrated that autistic children have higher acute cortisol stress responses to adverse or threatening stimuli and altered cortisol awakening responses. However, few studies have examined whether this sensitivity may relate to heightened levels of chronic stress and persistently elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The measurement of cortisol accumulation in hair is considered a non-invasive biomarker of chronic stress and has been associated with several childhood diseases. Here, we investigated whether hair cortisol concentration in a large sample of autistic children differed from non-autistic children, and after accounting for a range of child, parental and family-level characteristics. Hair cortisol concentration was measured in 307 autistic children and 282 non-autistic controls aged between 2 and 17 years recruited from four Australian states who participated in providing hair samples and demographic data to the Australian Autism Biobank. Independent samples t -test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine significant differences in the mean hair cortisol concentration (pg/mg) between potential covariates. Primary analysis included multivariable regression modelling of the collapsed sample to identify variables that were significantly associated with hair cortisol concentration after controlling for covariates. We also accounted for the potential interaction of multiple biological (e.g., age, sex, BMI) and psychosocial characteristics at the level of the child, the mother and the father, and the family unit. Our findings suggest that the diagnosis of autism was not a significant predictor of chronic stress, as measured by hair cortisol concentration. However, findings of the multivariable regression analysis showed that key factors such as area of residence (Queensland vs Victorian state of residence) and decrease in child's age were significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration whereas lower family income was significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that socioeconomic factors such as family annual income affect hair cortisol status in autistic children, indicating that the psychosocial environment may be a potential mediator for chronic stress in autistic children just as it has been demonstrated in non-autistic children. • Largest study internationally measuring hair cortisol levels among autistic children. • Diagnosis of autism alone was not a significant predictor of chronic stress. • Child's age, residence and family income were significant risk factors for stress. • Findings suggest autistic children are impacted by family psychosocial stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a deeper understanding of the human–land coupling relationship, this study analyzes the coupling relationships with the spatial distribution of construction land from two perspectives: the residential population and the employment population, exploring the similarities and differences in coupling relationships among different subsystems. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China is selected as the study area, covering the period from 2000 to 2020. An analytical framework is proposed, encompassing three approaches: coupling analysis based on county-level spatial units; mean center position analysis based on construction land grids; and regression fitting and residual analysis based on homogeneous grid units. The analysis results indicate: (1) the coupling between the employment population and construction land shows a significant advantage; (2) the coupling between the residential population and construction land has improved faster in recent years; (3) factors such as location, development level, and strategic opportunities have an important influence on the spatial and temporal changes in the coupling relationship. The study further discusses the trade-off relationship between different subsystems, key measures to enhance coupling degree, and the application pathways of this analytical framework at various stages of planning. Considering the limitations of industry sector differences, spatial unit precision, and construction land development intensity, this paper also outlines future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive function is a current research hotspot, residence may be related to differences in cognitive function, and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research. This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence (city-town-rural) and cognitive function among Chinese older, this is where the innovation of the article comes in. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators. Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program, version 3.5, written by Hayes, to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults. Results: A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study, with a mean age of (84.23 ± 11.57) years. Among them, 2739 (24.8%) lived in the city, 3627 (33.1%) in town, and 4615 (42.1%) in rural areas; their leisure activity score was (5.34 ± 3.77), and their cognitive function score was (24.69 ± 6.65). Place of residence, leisure activities, and cognitive function were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). Using city as a reference, place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function, and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults: town-cognitive function (effect = –0.399; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (–0.685, –0.113)); rural-cognitive function (effect = –0.42; 95% CI = (–0.698, –0.141)). There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity: town- leisure activity - cognitive function (effect = –0.17; 95% CI = (–0.246, –0.1)), rural - leisure activity - cognitive function (effect = –0.199; 95% CI = (–0.272, –0.13)). Conclusion: Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults, and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects, and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities, which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential landscape of western societies in the 20th century was based on a nuclear and monogamous normative representation of the family. This representation contrasts with the representation of the family that some consensually non-monogamous (CNM) parents carry. How did CNM informants combine residence, parenting and multiple relationships within the hetero-mono-normative organizational legacy of society? An extensive set of exploratory and ethnographic data was gathered in francophone countries in Western Europe during 2013–2018. Informants' dwelling configurations were interpreted as the result of their personal life paths interwoven with a web of macrostructural tensions. A comparative approach on residences, combined with life stories gathered within a strategic group of informants, contributed to understanding the various processes leading to specific forms of CNM dwellings with children. The comparison highlights five categories of CNM residential patterns, all resulting from attempts to compromise with the hetero-mono-normative dwelling tradition. The developments of transportation and communication technologies appeared as an important factor in the spatial and temporal organizations of family functions within the CNM configurations observed. These CNM family arrangements also appeared as ephemeral and versatile. These conclusions lead to new avenues of research regarding the social forces contributing to their fragility despite the intent of the actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Tanzania, and all over the world, including Tanzania Zanzibar, courts of laws have considered domicile as an important connecting factor in the determination of various disputes brought before the court of laws in cases relating to conflict of laws, especially on issues relating to jurisdiction of the courts and capacity to marry in various marital disputes. In a most cases, the courts attempt to investigate how far and the extent to which domicile may be considered as the connecting factor in settling issues of validity of marriages or determination of divorce cases between disputants. Legal speaking, when a person files a lawsuit in a court of law relating to a conflict of laws, one of the interesting questions the court would wish to test is how the matter in question is connected or linked with the domicile of the disputant. It is on this basis that this research article discusses domicile as a personal connecting factor in conflict of laws disputes in Tanzania, with special attention to the above-stated case law, as decided by the Zanzibar courts. The decision by the Zanzibar courts, as discussed in this article, has laid a basic foundation on the domicile as the connecting factor in conflict of laws. The article further examines the extent to which domicile was considered as connecting factor by the Zanzibar courts in determining above selected case law in conflict of laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illegal immigration, often known as unlawful or unauthorized migration, is the movement of individuals over national or regional borders without complying with established processes and regulations. This sort of migration violates the target country's legal system, which governs and limits people's admission and residency on its territory. As a result, this phenomenon presents a challenge to receiving nations, influencing immigration policy and placing strain on their legal, social, and economic systems. This research seeks to determine the primary reasons of illegal immigration and how states parties to Protocol against Migrant Smuggling address this issue. Effective efforts to prevent and combat migrant smuggling need an international comprehensive approach that includes improved borders control, information exchange, international cooperation, legal and safe migration pathways, and countering migrant smuggling networks. All while striking a balance between protecting human rights and ensuring national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Despite the advancement in sexual and reproductive healthcare services and several public health measures aimed at controlling fertility rates, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still experience higher adolescent fertility rates than other low-and middle-income countries. This study examined the disparities in adolescent fertility in 39 countries in SSA, focusing on socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Methods This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from 39 recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA. The measures of difference (D), ratio (R), population attributable fraction (PAF), and population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated using the Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT) software version 3.1 developed by the World Health Organization. The measures: D, R, PAF, and PAR were used to examine the inequalities in adolescent fertility across the socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Results Out of the 39 countries included in the study, Guinea (D=27.70), Niger (D=27.50), Nigeria (D=23.90), and Côte d’Ivoire (D=23.60) exhibited the most significant residence-based inequalities in the rate of adolescent fertility, with the higher rate observed among adolescents in rural areas. Rwanda was the sole country that showed a slight inclination towards rural inequality in terms of the rate of adolescent fertility, with a value of D = -0.80. The burden of adolescent fertility was disproportionately higher among young women with low economic status across all the countries, exacerbating wealth-based inequities. The countries with the largest absolute discrepancies were Nigeria (D=44.70), Madagascar (D=41.10), Guinea (D=41.00), and Cameroon (D=40.20). We found significant disparities in educational attainment contributing to unequal inequalities in adolescent fertility, particularly among young women who lack access to formal education. Countries such as Madagascar (D=59.50), Chad (D=55.30), Cameroon (D=54.60), and Zimbabwe (D=50.30) had the most significant absolute disparities. Conclusion This study revealed that young women residing in rural areas, those in households with low economic status and those with limited educational opportunities experience a disproportionately high burden of adolescent fertility across the 39 countries in SSA. The current findings offer valuable information to governmental entities at all levels regarding the need to ensure the provision of equitable, accessible, and dependable sexual and reproductive health services to the populace, particularly for young women. Therefore, the various stakeholders need to enhance the effectiveness of health policies and legislation pertaining to adolescent women living in rural areas, those from economically disadvantaged households, and those with limited or no access to formal education. Such interventions could potentially reduce adolescent fertility rates and mitigate the adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with high adolescent fertility in SSA.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons that deserve deep thought to prepare for the future. The decay pattern of surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the residences of COVID-19 patients is important but still unknown. We collected 2,233 surface samples from 21 categories of objects in 141 residences of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai when attacked by the omicron variant in spring 2022. Several characteristics of the patients and their residences were investigated to identify relevant associations. The decay of contamination was explored to determine the persistence. Approximately 8.7% of the surface samples were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The basin, water tap, and sewer inlet had the highest positive rates, all exceeding 20%. Only time was significantly associated with the level of surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2, showing a negative association. The decrease fit a first-order decay model with a decay rate of 0.77 ± 0.07 day−1, suggesting a 90% reduction in three days. Positive associations between the cumulative number of newly diagnosed patients in the same building and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the public corridor were significant during the three days. Our results, in conjunction with the likely lower infectivity or viability, demonstrate that fomite transmission played a limited role in COVID-19 spread. The time determined SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination, which was reduced by three days. This study is the first to show the decay patterns of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in real residential environments, providing insight into the patterns of transmission, as well as community-based prevention and control of similar threats.

Introduction: Despite the advancement in sexual and reproductive healthcare services and several public health measures aimed at controlling fertility rates, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still experience higher adolescent fertility rates than other low-and middle-income countries. This study examined the disparities in adolescent fertility in 39 countries in SSA, focusing on socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from 39 recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA. The measures of difference (D), ratio (R), population attributable fraction (PAF), and population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated using the Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT) software version 3.1 developed by the World Health Organization. The measures: D, R, PAF, and PAR were used to examine the inequalities in adolescent fertility across the socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Results: Out of the 39 countries included in the study, Guinea (D=27.70), Niger (D=27.50), Nigeria (D=23.90), and Côte d'Ivoire (D=23.60) exhibited the most significant residence-based inequalities in the rate of adolescent fertility, with the higher rate observed among adolescents in rural areas. Rwanda was the sole country that showed a slight inclination towards rural inequality in terms of the rate of adolescent fertility, with a value of D = -0.80. The burden of adolescent fertility was disproportionately higher among young women with low economic status across all the countries, exacerbating wealth-based inequities. The countries with the largest absolute discrepancies were Nigeria (D=44.70), Madagascar (D=41.10), Guinea (D=41.00), and Cameroon (D=40.20). We found significant disparities in educational attainment contributing to unequal inequalities in adolescent fertility, particularly among young women who lack access to formal education. Countries such as Madagascar (D=59.50), Chad (D=55.30), Cameroon (D=54.60), and Zimbabwe (D=50.30) had the most significant absolute disparities. Conclusion: This study revealed that young women residing in rural areas, those in households with low economic status and those with limited educational opportunities experience a disproportionately high burden of adolescent fertility across the 39 countries in SSA. The current findings offer valuable information to governmental entities at all levels regarding the need to ensure the provision of equitable, accessible, and dependable sexual and reproductive health services to the populace, particularly for young women. Therefore, the various stakeholders need to enhance the effectiveness of health policies and legislation pertaining to adolescent women living in rural areas, those from economically disadvantaged households, and those with limited or no access to formal education. Such interventions could potentially reduce adolescent fertility rates and mitigate the adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with high adolescent fertility in SSA. Plain summary: Adolescent fertility is a major health problem for many developing countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although several sexual and reproductive health initiatives have been introduced in these countries, the number of births among adolescents continues to be high. The present study looked at the socioeconomic and geographical differences in adolescent fertility across 39 countries in SSA using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys embedded into the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO HEAT) software. The study found that in countries like Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Côte d'Ivoire, the rates of adolescent fertility varied a lot, with higher rates in rural areas. Generally, poorer young women were more likely to have babies, which made the gap between the rich and the poor even wider. Nigeria, Madagascar, Guinea, and Cameroon had the biggest differences. Education also played a role. In countries like Madagascar, Chad, Cameroon, and Zimbabwe, young women who did not go to school (had no education) were more likely to have children as teenagers. The study showed that in all 39 countries, young women living in rural areas, those who were poorer and those who did not go to school (had no education) faced a bigger problem with adolescent fertility. The study suggests that if people who make health policies pay more attention to teenage girls in the rural areas, those who are poor and do not have much education, they could make a significant difference in reducing adolescent fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond cultural ties and economic demands, considerations of the conditions of the natural environment may play a role in determining which U.S. state to reside within. Every year, millions of people suffer from the effects of natural hazards such as avalanches, blizzards, earthquakes, extreme cold, extreme heat, flooding, hurricanes, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. The recorded actual occurrence and frequency of these natural hazards, in addition to public perception of the danger of individual natural hazards, shapes an idea of relative concern for these natural hazards. In this study we combine actual hazard occurrence data recorded from 2009-2018, with concern values gathered from an online survey of 1,326 individuals to output "vulnerability" scores for each U.S. State. Ultimately, these values help to answer the question: which U.S. States have the highest vulnerability for natural hazards? The results show that Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware, Illinois, and Maryland in this order received the highest vulnerability scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nematodes represent a continuous worldwide challenge with formidable burden on health and economics. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of nematodes parasitosis (NP) among pregnant women and its relation to the pregnancy-associated complications (PACs). Patients and Methods: In the current study 792 pregnant women were clinically evaluated and gave blood samples and three stool specimens per woman for parasitological evaluation. All women attended the follow-up visits and gave labor at the hospital. The frequency of PACs was determined and its relation to NP was examined statistically. Results: Multiple nematode species were detected in 185 specimens with A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and T. trichiura represented 76.2% of the detected parasites in varied combinations, while T. spiralis was the least and was detected using human anti-trichinella spiralis IgG ELISA kit. The incidence of PACs was significantly higher among infected women with anemia was the commonest. The frequency of low hemoglobin concentration (HBC) was significantly higher, the average HBC was significantly lower, and the frequency of moderate and severe anemia was significantly higher among the infected women. The number of women who had instrumentally aided vaginal delivery or operative delivery was significantly higher among infected women. Conclusion: Nematode parasitosis is an ecological problem and is frequent among pregnant women especially those dependent on outdoor food staffs. Multiple-families NP is significant predictor for upcoming PACs. NP in obese pregnant women especially older ones has more deleterious impact on pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Rural Development Studies / Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok is the property of CampInvest Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons that deserve deep thought to prepare for the future. The decay pattern of surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the residences of COVID-19 patients is important but still unknown. We collected 2,233 surface samples from 21 categories of objects in 141 residences of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai when attacked by the omicron variant in spring 2022. Several characteristics of the patients and their residences were investigated to identify relevant associations. The decay of contamination was explored to determine the persistence. Approximately 8.7% of the surface samples were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The basin, water tap, and sewer inlet had the highest positive rates, all exceeding 20%. Only time was significantly associated with the level of surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2, showing a negative association. The decrease fit a first-order decay model with a decay rate of 0.77 ± 0.07 day−1, suggesting a 90% reduction in three days. Positive associations between the cumulative number of newly diagnosed patients in the same building and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the public corridor were significant during the three days. Our results, in conjunction with the likely lower infectivity or viability, demonstrate that fomite transmission played a limited role in COVID-19 spread. The time determined SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination, which was reduced by three days. This study is the first to show the decay patterns of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in real residential environments, providing insight into the patterns of transmission, as well as community-based prevention and control of similar threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rozwój Regionalny & Polityka Regionalna is the property of Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (IH UAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This article uses 2012–2021 UK survey data to explore differences in subjective well-being (i.e. happiness, anxiety, life satisfaction, and having a worthwhile life) between those born in the UK and foreign-born residents who migrated for different reasons to the country (i.e. employment, study, family reunion, and asylum). Previous literature looking at objective indicators such as employment rates and health suggests that migrants’ reasons for migration relate to major differences across groups in these types of well-being indicators. In contrast, our analysis suggests that differences in subjective well-being with the UK-born are relatively similar across those who migrated for different reasons to the country. Moreover, across reasons for migration, there is a clear pattern of convergence to the subjective well-being levels of the UK-born as length of residence in the UK increases. This differs from studies looking at objective well-being indicators, in which some groups (e.g. those who migrated for family or asylum reasons) take longer to converge to the levels of those born in the country.

Abstract Background This study investigated the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and the use of physical examination among older adults receiving informal care, and to further examine whether this relationship varies by gender and urban-rural areas. Methods The data in this study were obtained from the sixth Health Service of Shandong province, China. In total, 8,358 older adults aged 60 years or older who received informal care were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between ADL limitations and the use of physical examination and examine the differences between gender and urban-rural areas. Results The prevalence of limitations in ADL and physical examination utilization rate among older adults receiving informal care in Shandong Province were 14.12% and 72.31%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, ADL limitations were negatively correlated with the utilization of physical examination services among older adults receiving informal care (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.87, P

Kentlerde, kent merkezindeki yapılaşmalar yoğunlaşmış ve merkezde ihtiyaç duyulan sosyal donatılara erişim zorlaşmıştır. Ayrıca ulaşım, otopark, güvenlik gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Orta ve üst sınıflara yönelik üretilen rezidans yapıları ise bahsedilen sorunları çözme vaadi vermektedir. Ancak 6 Şubat Depremleri’ nde depreme dayanıklı olarak nitelendirilen rezidansların büyük hasar aldığı veya yıkıldığı görülmektedir. Bu tezat durum hem kullanıcıların güvenini sarsmış hem de işini doğru yapanlardan bile şüphe duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Sonucunda, Türkiye’de büyük vaatlerle kullanıcıya sunulan rezidans yapılarının vaat ettiği şartları sağlayamadığı, sismik koruma yöntemleri konusunda hukuki yetersizliğin bulunduğu, proje müelliflerinin, yapı uygulayıcılarının ve denetçilerinin meslek etiği hususunda daha çok bilgi sahibi olması gerektiği ve bir mimari projenin sorumlusu olan mimarın deprem ve depremden korunma hakkında asıl bilgi sahibi kişi olması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada rezidanslar özelinde yaşanan büyük yıkımların nedenleri araştırılmış olup, Türkiye’de bundan sonra meydana gelebilecek depremlerde aynı hataların yapılmaması ve can kayıplarının önlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

This article uses 2012–2021 UK survey data to explore differences in subjective well-being (i.e. happiness, anxiety, life satisfaction, and having a worthwhile life) between those born in the UK and foreign-born residents who migrated for different reasons to the country (i.e. employment, study, family reunion, and asylum). Previous literature looking at objective indicators such as employment rates and health suggests that migrants' reasons for migration relate to major differences across groups in these types of well-being indicators. In contrast, our analysis suggests that differences in subjective well-being with the UK-born are relatively similar across those who migrated for different reasons to the country. Moreover, across reasons for migration, there is a clear pattern of convergence to the subjective well-being levels of the UK-born as length of residence in the UK increases. This differs from studies looking at objective well-being indicators, in which some groups (e.g. those who migrated for family or asylum reasons) take longer to converge to the levels of those born in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura is the property of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study investigated the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and the use of physical examination among older adults receiving informal care, and to further examine whether this relationship varies by gender and urban-rural areas. Methods: The data in this study were obtained from the sixth Health Service of Shandong province, China. In total, 8,358 older adults aged 60 years or older who received informal care were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between ADL limitations and the use of physical examination and examine the differences between gender and urban-rural areas. Results: The prevalence of limitations in ADL and physical examination utilization rate among older adults receiving informal care in Shandong Province were 14.12% and 72.31%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, ADL limitations were negatively correlated with the utilization of physical examination services among older adults receiving informal care (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.87, P < 0.001), and there were gender and rural-urban differences. The association between ADL limitations and the use of physical examination was statistically significant in older women receiving informal care (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.80, P < 0.001). And only among urban older adults receiving informal care, those with ADL limitations had lower utilization of physical examination services than participants without ADL limitations (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggested that the relationship between ADL limitations and the use of physical examination among older adults receiving informal care differed by gender and urban-rural areas in Shandong, China. These findings implied that the government should provide more health resources and personalized physical examination service programs, especially to meet the differential needs of women and urban old adults receiving informal care, to contribute to the implementation of healthy aging strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to qualifications, based on practical reality, professionals are directly in contact with daily health work. For the development of this study, we opted for a methodological design characterized as descriptive, of the experience report type. Action research is part of this line, as it associates research with action/practice, to describe the experience of a resident in public health, as well as their performance in a field outside the municipality of Uberlândia. During my experience, in primary care, it was possible to understand the work process and identify how nursing care was being designed. The experience in these fields of practice provided me with a dynamic and pioneering experience, as it gave me an enriching, pleasurable, and stimulating performance. It is essential to build emotional and trusting bonds, as countless life stories, individual, collective, and familiar, are intertwined with our practice, considering the occurrence of those served, seeking out residents not only to treat the problems covered by each specialty but to seek advice, overcome everyday difficulties and invest in health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the influence of Islamic thought on the design of residential spaces, using the examples of Suhaimi's and Sibai's houses. It explores the cultural, religious, environmental, and socio-economic factors that shape architectural practices in Islamic communities. The study highlights the importance of incorporating Islamic principles into residential design, engaging with local communities, promoting sustainability, preserving architectural heritage, and advancing research and education in Islamic architecture. The findings provide valuable insights for architects, designers, policymakers, and researchers working in Islamic communities. [Extracted from the article]

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The purpose of the article is to identify and compare the essential characteristics of migration attitudes among Ukrainian and Polish students, and to outline trends in their development in the future. Methodology. The subjects of the research are students of various courses and specialties of the Lviv National Environmental University and the University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland). To collect empirical information, an online survey was conducted in October 2023, with 187 Ukrainian and 187 Polish students (n=374) participating. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, the results of which will be analysed in this study. The survey results showed that students of both higher education institutions have a rather positive attitude towards international migration processes, both women and men. Possible manifestations of student mobility can be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. Practical implications. The work is a study of young people's attitudes to migration, i.e., it is prospective, not retrospective. Such research can be extremely useful for the development of an effective socio-economic policy of the country. Since the research results reflect the moods of young people, they cannot claim to be highly predictive. However, a vision of what might happen if people's hypothetical aspirations were to become reality can be a powerful argument for politicians and statesmen in developing migration-related policies, both now and in the future. Value/Originality. Survey data from different age groups of students at two universities allow for a better understanding of their attitudes towards migration, immigration, and mobility and a comparison of these indicators in a peaceful country and in times of war. Possible manifestations of student mobility should be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. The problem, however, is that there are currently no effective mechanisms for managing these processes. There are also no mechanisms capable of ensuring the systemic effectiveness of communication links between different actors at the intercultural level, with the possibility of meeting their socio-cultural, professional and material needs in the process of socialisation of modern youth, as well as for the adequate reproduction of the intellectual potential of society as a whole. However, student emigration cannot be viewed exclusively from a negative perspective, as a "brain drain", although it is obvious that if students who study and work abroad do not return, the country loses part of its intellectual potential (Adamic, Dyachuk, 2023; Tokar, 2022). If to consider the return and emigration not as a purely territorial movement of students, but as a movement of intellectual resources, one can identify a positive trend: significant intellectual potential in the form of ideas, technologies and professional knowledge is returning to the country.

Background: Antihyperglycemic drug utilization studies are conducted frequently and describe the uptake of new drug therapies across may jurisdictions. An increasingly important, yet often absent, aspect of these studies is the impact of rurality on drug utilization. Objective(s): The objective of this study was to explore the association between place of residence (rural, urban, metropolitan) and the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) for first treatment intensification of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 1, 2008 to March 31, 2019 of new metformin users. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between place of residence (using postal codes) and likelihood of DPP-4i dispensing. Results: After adjusting for confounders, analysis revealed that rural-dwellers are less likely to have a DPP-4i dispensed, compared with metropolitan-dwellers (aOR:0.64; 95%CI:0.61–0.67) and over-time, the uptake in rural areas was slower. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that rurality can have an impact on drug therapy decisions at first treatment intensification, with respect to the utilization of new therapies.

Introduction: Burn is defined as any injury due to heat or acute trauma, according to the International Society of Burns Injury (ISBI). A neglected aspect of our country is the gender-specific pattern of burn injuries. This study aims to highlight the gender-based disparities of burns injuries and overcome the drastic effects of burns on an individual's life. Method: The data from the burns centre of Dr Ruth.K.M.Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from Jan 1, 2021, to Dec 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed to perform this study. Different variables such as aetiology, circumstances, residence, age, TBSA, degree and occupation were recorded from the patient's files. They were compared by gender to find out any existing correlation. Results: The estimated sample size was 375, 180(48%) females, and 195(52%) were burned males. A significant correlation was found for gender with a degree of burns, aetiology, age, occupation, and residence. Whereas circumstances of burns and TBSA were non-significantly correlated to gender. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study determined that men most commonly suffer from burn injuries. In contrast, thermal injury is the most dominant etiological factor in every age group in both genders. Several risk factors are associated with a specific gender, requiring adaptive prevention and management approaches to culminate this issue.

Abstract Background Cervical cancer stands as one of the most prevalent cancer types among women, despite its preventable nature through early screening and vaccination strategies. The link between being overweight or obese and various adverse health outcomes, including an elevated cancer risk, is well established. Within this study, our central objective was to explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) rates. Moreover, we sought to investigate whether socioeconomic status potentially modulates this relationship. Methods Our analysis encompassed 1791 respondents who participated in the World Health Organization’s STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance carried out in Eswatini in 2014. We assessed the connection between BMI, along with other determinants, and CCS through both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. Results The uptake of CCS was 14.4% and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated at 28.1 and 34.9% respectively. After accounting for other pertinent variables, the likelihood of obtaining CCS was amplified for individuals classified as obese (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–3.12) or overweight (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.05–3.74). Furthermore, factors such as being separated or divorced (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.11–3.72) and engaging in regular physical exercise (aOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.21–6.02) were associated with increased odds of undergoing CCS. Conclusions This study underscores the noteworthy role played by both overweight and obesity, in conjunction with various socioeconomic factors, in shaping CCS patterns among the surveyed women. For Eswatini, targeted interventions aimed at enhancing CCS participation should take into account the multifaceted factors highlighted within this investigation.

Purpose: Wild edible mushrooms are used worldwide and in Bulgaria as well. This inquiry investigation aimed at evaluating some mushroom usage practices by inhabitants in towns and villages in the Region of Varna, Bulgaria. Material/Methods: We carried out a study of 200 adult individuals, 100 males and 100 females, on the territory of the Region of Varna using anonymous inquiry with a set of 12 concrete items about wild edible mushroom usage. Statistical data processing was performed using descriptive and correlation analysis. Results: There was a domination of the negative attitude towards the wild edible mushrooms among the respondents from the towns, the villages and all the respondents as a whole on the territory of the Region of Varna. The inhabitants in the villages used more commonly cooking than those in the towns, and the inhabitants in the towns dried more seldom fresh mushrooms than those in the villages. Freezing was very rarely made use among all the respondents. There were statistically significant correlations between main town residence, on the one hand, and wild edible mushroom traditional usage, including cooking, drying, preservation and freezing, on the other hand. Conclusion: This inquiry investigation revealed some peculiarities of the attitudes towards wild edible mushrooms among the urban and rural population in the Region of Varna and the extent of usage of common mushrooms in dependence on espondents’ main residence.

This study investigates how the quality of family relationships and children's residence arrangements are associated with stepparent-child relationship quality. Prior literature has studied these factors separately, with the role of family relationships often studied only among stepfamilies with co-resident children. Little is known about how the relevance of family relationships varies depending on where children reside. The opportunity structure (e.g., contact frequency) within which various family relationships influence each other can differ across residence arrangements. This study, therefore, investigates the roles of multiple family relationships across children's various residence arrangements - including the more contemporary arrangement of shared residence. Multiple regression analyses with moderation techniques were conducted using the New Families in the Netherlands (NFN) survey, large-scale data collected in 2020 among divorced and separated parents with a minor or (young) adult focal child (N = 1829). We found for each family dyad (between the biological parent and the focal child, between the biological parent and the stepparent, and between the stepparent and the other biological parent of the focal child) that a high relationship quality was associated with higher stepparent-child relationship quality. Their importance, however, varied across residence arrangements. Poor relationship quality of the biological parent-child dyad and the stepparent-other biological parent dyad was associated with a poor stepparent-child relationship, especially when the focal child was nonresident. Whereas, there was a positive association between the stepcouple relationship and stepparent-child relationship quality primarily for children living full-time with the stepfamily. Altogether, the relationship quality of various family dyads spills over to the stepparent-child dyad - though the extent of this spillover differs depending on the opportunity structure determined by children's residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and high body mass index (BMI) are preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases throughout a person's lifespan. The higher prevalence of these risk factors in children from lower socio-economic groups has been generally observed. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of parents' socio-economic conditions on children's consumption of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened drinks, and inactivity, sedentary behaviour, overweight and obesity. This study used data from the sixth cross-sectional survey of the surveillance "OKkio alla Salute" (Italian COSI), involving 2467 schools and 53,275 children in 2019. All the information was collected through four questionnaires addressed to parents, children, teachers and head teachers. The weights and heights of the children were measured with standard techniques and equipment to classify overweight/obesity according to the WOF-IOTF cut-offs. The results showed a high percentage of children who do not adhere to health recommendations and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. In particular, "less healthy" behaviours and higher BMI were more frequent in children from families with a lower socio-economic status and those residing in Southern Italy. These findings highlight the need for effective interventions that address the differences in these health-related behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and associated global warming and energy crisis have become a prominent issue of architecture and considered one of the primary concerns of architects as regards climate-compatible design, especially in terms of residential buildings, the largest constituent of the building stock. Accordingly, the present study sought an answer to how the 21st century residential buildings took form vis-a-vis climatic data and focused on the residential buildings by Norman Foster, a leading architect in the context of sustainability. Therefore, Foster's projects in different countries were analyzed as regards the relationship between climate and design. The results of the study were indicative of the fact that Foster generally gravitated towards clustered forms in his residential designs, and shaped those forms by creating a series of indentations and protrusions on both vertical and lateral surfaces with an aim to control, and even benefit from, the sun and wind, to blur the boundaries between interior and exterior and at the same time attached special importance to balconies to create environments where users could come into contact with natural air, used shading elements in an artistic style in most of his designs, preferred brown, gray, and beige tones, and used a material palette, which could address climatic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with intellectual disability receiving residential support, according to the Swedish Disability Act, need substantial support to cope with everyday life. These children have cognitive and communicative limitations, entailing difficulties for staff in consulting the children regarding their support arrangements. In addition, due to lack of research there are knowledge gaps and uncertainties concerning how staff can provide the children's support. To deliver high qualitative support, research suggests that disability organisations should (1) continuously work with quality improvement, (2) adopt a multi‐dimensional framework that explains human functioning and disability as a basis for understanding individual support needs, and (3) use person‐centred approaches. Based on these principles, this study has applied a realist evaluation to identify enablers and barriers during the implementation of an improvement programme aimed at improving staff's ability to provide support to children living in special residences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: "Locality" is a significant factor in substance initiation, maintenance, and relapse. The pattern of substance dependence among rural and urban populations varies across studies and is scarcely studied, warranting further research. To compare presenting patterns (sociodemographic and drug-related variables), reasons for substance use, and psychiatric comorbidities (prevalence, type, and severity) between rural and urban substance-dependent groups. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytical study in a government de-addiction center, including rural and urban patient groups aged 18-65. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) criteria, and severity of dependence scale were used for diagnosing substance dependence. After detoxification, psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using brief psychiatric rating scale, Young's mania rating scale, and patient health questionnaire -- somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms scale. Post-analysis was performed to assess socioeconomic variables and access to de-addiction services. Results: The final sample was 500 (250 rural and 250 urban). The post-analysis sample size was 386 (211 rural and 175 urban). The mean age was 38.2 ± 12.4 years, mostly males (n = 495, 99%). Substance frequency was opioids (92%)> benzodiazepines (24.8%) > alcohol (22%) > cannabis (1.6%) for rural and opioids (91.2%) > alcohol (29.6%) > benzodiazepines (14.8%) > cannabis (2%) for urban patients. More than half of patients had comorbid nicotine dependence. Rural patients were more benzodiazepine dependent (P = 0.007), and urban were more opioid + alcohol dependent (P = 0.001). Rural patients had higher age (P = 0.012), less education (P < 0.001), positive family history of substance (P = 0.028), daily wagers, and farmers (P < 0.001) than urban patients who were younger, students (P = 0.002), businessmen and government employed (P < 0.001). Urban patients expended more on drugs (P < 0.001), had higher treatment attempts (P = 0.008), and had better availability and accessibility of de-addiction services (P < 0.001). More rural users initiated substances to "enhance performance," whereas urban ones initiated for "stress relief/novelty" (P < 0.001). For treatment seeking, "External pressure" was a more common reason in urban patients (P < 0.001), who also had more psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Significant pattern differences exist between rural and urban substance dependents, warranting emphasis on locality-specific factors for appropriate intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by concurrent undernutrition and overnutrition, is a growing global concern. Families share resources and eating behaviors and programs often target households, yet evidence of the DBM at the family level is scarce. Objectives: This study examined trends and inequality in the intrahousehold DBM in India between 2006 and 2021. Methods: Data were from 3 waves of India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS 2006, 2016, and 2021). We examined 3 types of household member (with children aged <5 y) combinations: mother-child (N = 328,039 across 3 waves), father-child, and parent (mother and father)-child (N = 47,139 for each pair). The DBM was defined as one or more individuals with undernutrition (either wasting or stunting in children or underweight in adults) and one or more overweight individuals within the same household. DBM was examined over time, at national and subnational levels, and by residence and wealth. Results: Nearly all DBM was in the form of an overweight parent and an undernourished weight or stunted child. The prevalence of parent-child DBM increased from 15% in 2006 to 26% in 2021. Father-child pairs experienced the most rapid DBM increase, from 12% in 2006 to 22% in 2021, an 83% increase, driven by increasing overweight among men. In 2021, the DBM was highest in North-Eastern and Southern states, and among relatively rich households from urban areas. The increase in the DBM was faster in rural areas and among poor households compared with that in urban areas and rich households. Urban-rural and rich-poor inequalities in the DBM have decreased over time. Conclusions: The intrahousehold DBM has increased over time, affecting 1 in 4 households in India in 2021. Family-based interventions that can simultaneously address child underweight and parent overweight are required to address India's increasing intrahousehold DBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PRAKSIS is the property of PRAKSIS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Dental anxiety among patients is a significant impediment leading to delayed or incomplete dental treatment. Understanding the determinants of dental anxiety is crucial, given the potential variations in causative factors across different regions due to cultural diversity and past dental experiences. In light of limited available data and cultural heterogeneity, this study aimed to explore the correlation between age, gender, educational level, socio-economic status, and residence with dental anxiety among patients seeking care at a teaching dental hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 375 patients attending a private teaching hospital was conducted, with dental anxiety assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Exclusion criteria involved patients with known anxiety disorders or a history of intellectual disabilities. Results: The findings demonstrated a statistically significant gender-based difference in dental anxiety (p-value: 0.00), with a majority of females exhibiting anxiety levels ranging from moderate to extreme. Additionally, a significant association was observed between socio-economic status and dental anxiety (p-value: 0.03), revealing lower levels of dental anxiety among individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds compared to those from middle and upper socio-economic strata. However, no significant differences were identified in dental anxiety concerning age, educational level, and residence (urban/rural). Conclusion: The study concludes that targeted anxiety reduction protocols should be prioritized for female patients and those belonging to the upper socio-economic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Good food handling practices should be adopted in the home setting, as inadequate practices could lead to the outbreak of foodborne illnesses. The aim of the present study was to investigate knowledge and good food handling practices for products of animal origin by consumers in the home setting and test associations with the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. A questionnaire was answered by a non-probabilistic sample. The questionnaire was available online on free access digital platforms for seven days and was used to collect information on the gender, age, income, and schooling of the respondents as well as safe food handling practices in the home setting. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to compare the frequencies of the answers per category. A total of 666 responses were obtained. Most respondents were women, had a university/college education, were between 30 and 59 years of age, and had an income of more than four times the monthly minimum wage. The majority of respondents reported positive practices and attitudes regarding food handling in the home setting; 99.5% washed their hands prior to handling food, 89% performed the cooking of animal products and 85.6% washed the cutting surface after cutting each food. Associations were found between some attitudes reported by consumers and the categories of gender, age, schooling, and income (p ≤ 0.05). Women had more good food handling practices compared to men. The results suggest that most respondents practiced good food handling practices. Safe practices were related to the level of schooling, monthly income and age of the participants.