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The article provides additional information that emphasizes the growing international interest in the impact of climate (temperature, humidity, precipitation, solar activity) on grape yields and the quality of terroir wine. The study deals with the climate gradient of the terroir of the Derbent region of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia), located on the terraced accumulative-coastal plain of the Caspian lowland, stretching for 160 km from north to south in a narrow strip between the coast of the Caspian Sea and the foothills. The influence of soil and climatic conditions on the biochemical characteristics of red dry wines ‘Kara-Koysu’ from Cabernet Sauvignon wingrapes of the 2019–2021 harvest was studied. The growing season occurred in dry, moderately humid conditions in 2019; hot, with a lot of precipitation in 2020 and more extreme conditions in 2021. The conditions of recent years have contributed to the change of almost all the studied indicators of tested wines. Studies have found that the climatic conditions of 2020–2021 were more favorable for obtaining a rich harvest, high-quality wines due to more UV light exposure and precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epizootiological survey of livestock farms of Dagestan was conducted, the main infectious diseases common in the region were considered, and measures taken to protect against them were described. At present, the Veterinary Service is undertaking systematic efforts to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases such as brucellosis, leukosis, rabies, pasteurellosis, blackleg, bradsot and enterotoxemia in the Republic. Among the above-mentioned diseases reported in 2023, brucellosis and leukosis are responsible for the vast majority of outbreaks and diseased animals detected in them. In particular, the following diseases have the largest share in the nosological profile of quarantinable infectious diseases based on the number of detected infected localities during the period under study: brucellosis (52.63%), bovine leukosis (30.70%), rabies (8.77%), enterotoxemia (3.51%), pasteurellosis (1.75%), bradsot (1.75%) and blackleg (0.88%). In total, 1,812 animals were affected with quarantinable infections and 35 animals died in 114 infected localities. Most often over the past year, quarantinable infections were reported in cattle (69.59% of cases) and small ruminants (29.36%); in 1.05% of cases, the diseases affected horses, cats, wild animals and birds. In order to maintain animal disease freedom and sustainable growth of livestock production, the Veterinary Committee of the Republic of Dagestan annually implements measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of 75 diseases of animals and birds, including 10 highly dangerous ones. Anti-epizootic measures taken in the past year included a total of 93.8 million vaccinations and 6.2 million tests performed in the diagnostic institutions. Plans for the prevention of highly dangerous and other contagious diseases of animals and birds were fully implemented.

Retrospective analysis of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) data received by the Republic of Dagestan Veterinary Laboratory and Veterinary Department of the Republic of Dagestan was made. From 1988 to 2022, the Republican veterinary laboratories serologically tested3,205,118 animal sera for the antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) antigen, and 76,133 (2.4%) of them were positive. High BLV infection levels were detected in 1988 (32.2%), 1989 (21.3%), 1991 (23.3%), 1993 (23.0%), 2005 (24.2%), 2010 (23.0%), and the lowest ones were reported in the recent years: 2020 – 1.0%, 2021 – 1.0%, 2022 – 0.5%. In2022, diagnostic testing of 875,312 serum samples was carried out, which included 476,493 sera collected from bovines in high-altitude and mountainous areas of Dagestan. In the plain areas, 255,312 bovine animals were tested for leucosis, and 122,967 animals were tested in the sub-mountain areas. The animal infection with BLV in these natural and climatic conditions was reported as follows: high-altitude and mountainous areas– 0.5% (2,313 animals), plain areas– 0.8% (1,925 animals), sub-mountain areas– 0.1% (109 animals). Additional 20,540 serum samples were tested in the laboratories at the transhumance pasture veterinary units, and 170 BLV seropositive animals (0.83%) were detected. No EBL was diagnosed in the laboratories of the Derbent, Kochubeysk, Ulankholsk, Bakressk veterinary units, but other four laboratories detected high level of BLV seropositive animals (Kizlyarsk– 14.6%, Babayurt – 3.6%, Tarumovsk– 3.0%, Kyzylyurt– 1.06%). Thus, EBL is widespread in animals, especially in the plain areas of the Republic of Dagestan.

Aim: The analysis of the incidence of hepatitis B in the Republic of Dagestan (RD) and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HBV/HDV coinfection in the region.Materials and Methods. The dynamics of the hepatitis B incidence rates and the coverage of vaccination against this infection in the RD in 2008-2022 were analyzed based on the data from of the statistical forms of Rospotrebnadzor. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of delta hepatitis were analyzed in 371 patients under dispensary observation at the Republican Center for Infectious Diseases named after S.-А.М. Magomedov.Results. Over the past 10 years, the incidence of CHB in the RD has increased more than 4.5 times, from 1.4 per 100 thousand population in 2008 to 6.7 per 100 thousand population in 2022. A decrease in the rates of hepatitis B child immunization in the RD is observed since 2009. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage rates in adult population fell sharply after 2010, both in the RD and in the Russian Federation on average. The frequency of HDV co-infection in persons infected with HBV in the RD is 13.8%, but reaches 15% in some regions of the republic, indicating the moderate level of endemicity. Patients with HBV/HDV coinfection are predominantly males aged 25–45 years with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. All cases of HDV infection in the RD are caused by viral genotype 1.Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the significance of the problem of hepatitis B and delta in the RD. The number of identified patients and, accordingly, the rate of co-infection, apparently, will increase with the expansion of screening for markers of HDV infection, when patients who were registered as HBsAg carriers will be examined according to the patient routing guidelines. The late diagnosis of delta hepatitis in RD and the limited possibilities of antiviral therapy are another significant issues.

Results of diagnostic tests for bovine leukosis carried out in the Dagestan Republic in 2022 (as of October 1, 2022) showing bovine leukemia virus (BLV) occurrence are presented in the paper for the whole Republic and for each municipality separately. In total, 632,454 susceptible animals were serologically tested with immunodiffusion assay; 3,573 reactor animals (0.6% of tested animals) were detected. Proportion of infected animals was as follows: 0.5% – in administrative raions, 1.6% – in urban districts and 1.1% – in distant pasture zones. Percentage of infected cattle varied from 0.01 to 4.9%. No hematological examinations for bovine leukosis were carried out because seropositive animals were timely culled. In the breeding sector, the proportion of bovine leukemia virus carriers was averagely 2.8%. Ninety-five bovine leukosis-affected localities were reported in the region as of 1 January 2022. Eighty-one new BLV-infected localities had been identified and bovine leukosis had been eliminated in 18 localities for 9 months of 2022. Totally, 158 localities were officially declared affected in 2022 (as of October 1, 2022): 36 agricultural holdings (including 5 breeding holdings), 18 small-scale farms and 104 backyard farms. The largest number of bovine leukosis-affected localities was registered in the Kizlyarsky (18), Tarumovsky (17), Babayurtovsky (16), Gunibsky (15), Tlyaratinsky (10) Raions and in the city of Makhachkala (9). One disease-affected locality was reported in each of the Bezhtinsky, Buynaksky, Derbentsky, Kazbekovsky, Kayakentsky, Kizilyurtovsky, Khasavyurtovsky Raions and towns of Khasavyurt and Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk. Two disease-affected localities were reported in each of the Rutulsky, Untsukulsky Raions, three disease-affected localities were reported in each of the Gergebilsky, Laksky, Novolaksky, Tsumadinsky Raions. Four disease-affected localities were reported in the Sergokalinsky Raion, five disease-affected localities were reported in the Charodinsky Raion, six disease-affected localities were reported in each of the Akhvakhsky, Dakhadaevsky, Karabudakhkentsky Raions, seven disease-affected localities were reported in each of the Botlikhsky, Kumtorkalinsky and Shamilsky Raions. Comparative analysis of serological and molecular genetic methods used for bovine leukosis diagnosis demonstrated the advantage of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction as compared to immunodiffusion assay used in veterinary practice.

A list of 87 species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) which are newly recorded from the Republic of Dagestan is provided. The number of species known from the region is increased to 141, i. e., more than two and a half times. Four species, Orfelia georgica Kurina and Jürgenstein, 2013, Phthinia hyrcanica Zaitzev, 1984, Exechiopsis (Exechiopsis) intersecta (Meigen, 1818), and Lusitanoneura chandleri (Caspers, 1991), are recorded for the first time from Russia, the latter also being the first record of the genus from Russia. New data on species previously recorded from the region are reported. For a number of more interesting species illustrations of male terminalia are given.

Aim. Formulate proposals to improve the state policy of entrepreneurship development and investment climate in the Republic of Dagestan.Tasks. To study the current state of the investment climate and entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Dagestan. Consider international experience of interaction between business and public authorities. Determine the main direction in the activities of state and municipal authorities, civil society institutions and the business community of the Republic of Dagestan to create a favorable investment climate in the republic.Methods. The work uses the methods of social constructivism, institutional, structural-functional and comparative analysis, statistical, as well as formal-logical research methods.Results. According to the data obtained, the investment sector of the region’s economy needs some improvement. There is a negative dynamics of investments in the fixed capital of the republic, as well as a decrease in the volume of investments per capita in recent years. Data for 20 19–2021 show an increase in the volume of public investment, while the volume of private investment in the fixed capital of the republic is significantly decreasing.Conclusions. The authors suggest that the authorities authorized in the field of entrepreneurship and investment focus on the information technology direction of investment activity development. It is recommended to improve and actively promote the recently created investment map of the Republic of Dagestan, to ensure the creation of mechanisms for updating it and filling it with new content, which will significantly modernize investment activities and bring it to a qualitatively new level. The largest capital in the stock market is made during periods of recession, thanks to the investment and navigation map. It’s just that people don’t notice it in a crisis.

Aim: Creation of a patient registry in the Republic of Dagestan to study various aspects of the course and outcomes of IBD, depending on the age and gender of patients.Materials and methods. We have created a register of IBD patients in the Republic of Dagestan. It included 168 IBD patients aged 17 to 70 years, 69 males and 99 females, the average age of patients with IBD was 38.1 ± 2.5 years with an average duration of illness of 6.19 ± 0.71 years. The diagnosis of IBD was established on the basis of the characteristic clinical picture of the disease, objective status, results of laboratory, endoscopic, X-ray and morphological research in accordance with Russian Clinical GuidelinesResults. The prevalence of IBD in the Republic of Dagestan is 5.41 cases per 100,000 population. The progression of IBD is more often observed in women, aged 30 to 39 years, residents of rural areas. Anemia (mainly chronic iron deficiency) was registered in 66.1 %, more often in women, its maximum frequency was noted in patients aged 20–29 years (80 %). Disability due to IBD was registered in 55.4 % of patients.Conclusions. The creation of a register of IBD patients in the Republic of Dagestan is aimed at monitoring the state of health, timely monitoring of the effectiveness of therapy and improving the quality of medical care.

Results of epizootological analysis of data on bovine leucosis (BL) incidence in the Republic of Dagestan in 2021 are reported. Bovine blood was diagnostically tested for leukosis in 32 veterinary laboratories and diagnostic offices including SBI RD Republican Veterinary Laboratory. 720,489 sera were serologically tested and 7,188 (1.0%) samples were serologically positive for bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Among the infected animals, 527 ones were subjected to haematologic testing. Persistent leukocytosis was reported in 153 (29.03%) blood samples of haematologically tested BL diseased cattle. Statistical analysis of BLV prevalence in the republic was performed for 41 Raions and 8 municipalities. High percentage of BLV infection in the animal population was reported in fourteen Raions: Kumtorkalinsky (5.8%), Gunibsky (5.3%), Tarumovsky (3.3%), Karabudakhentsky (2.9%), Akhvakhsky (2.0%), Kizlyarsky (1.8%), Charodinsky (1.7%), Kazbekovsky (1.6%), Babayurtovsky (1.5%), Tlyaratinsky (1.1%), Dakhadayevsky (1.04%), Sergokalinsky (1.02%), Novolaksky (1.0%), Shamilsky (1.0%), and in four municipalities: Makhachkala (2.0%), Izberbash (1.14%), Khasavyurt (1,1%) and Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk (1.0%). In 21 Raions and two municipalities, BLV seropositivity was below 1.0%. No BLV infected animals were detected in the Agulsky, Akhtynsky, Dokuzparinsky, Magaramkentsky, Khivsky, Suleiman-Stalsky Raions and in Derbent and Dagestanskiye Ogni municipalities. Studies of BLV prevalence in 2015–2021 demonstrated that the highest level of the animal infection was reported in 2015 (13.9%) and the lowest – in 2021 (1.0%). However, the number of animals serologically tested in 2021 exceeded the number of animals tested over the whole study period. Therefore, the Republic of Dagestan remains BL infected region.

Aim. Features of the geological structure of the region determine the diversity of the chemical composition of groundwater, represented by springs in the mountainous part of the Republic of Dagestan and artesian waters in the plains. The content of some contaminants in drinking water can affect public health and have negative consequences. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the regional characteristics of groundwater and substantiate their compliance with hygienic standards for the quality of drinking water. Materials and methods. More than 500 samples of drinking water were taken on the territory of the republic and analysed in the analytical laboratories of the Institute for Problems of Geothermy and Renewable Energy, a branch of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Geology of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Assessment of carcinogenic risks to public health was carried out in accordance with Guideline 2.1.10.1920‐04.Results. In some mountainous settlements increased values of hardness (up to 14) were revealed, as well as iodide deficiency almost everywhere. In the underground waters of lowland settlements, an increased content of phenols, cadmium and arsenic was revealed.Conclusion. The use of groundwater by the population for drinking purposes in mountainous areas is possible with the preliminary implementation of appropriate water softening measures and preventive measures among the population related to the replenishment of iodine deficiency. The underground waters of the lowland areas do not meet the hygienic requirements for content of arsenic, cadmium and phenols and the carcinogenic risks for the population are at a level unacceptable for the population.

The purpose of the research is studying therapeutic properties of Butakur against spontaneous bovine theileriosis.Materials and methods. Butakur was used on the Yalgin Farm and at the Umarov Agricultural Enterprise in the Karabudakhkentskiy District to treat 30 animals in the early stage of the disease at a body temperature of 40.4–41.7 0C and a parasitic reaction of 30.2%. Piroplasmids were differentiated by microscopy of smears, imprints of lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and by detected purple bodies and parasites in them, excluding mixed infection. Two groups of animals were formed on the principle of analogs. In the test group (n = 15), Butakur was used as a specific therapy at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg for the active substance at a rate of 1 ml/20 kg of body weight, and the antimalarial drug Delagil (chloroquine) was used in the control group at a dose of 15 mg/kg within 4–5 days. A different combination of chemotherapy drugs with symptom-directed and pathogenetic drugs was used simultaneously.Results and discussion. Butakur was the most effective when used in the early period of the disease development from the moment the body temperature rose and until a slight parasitemia in erythrocytes was observed with the simultaneous use of symptom-directed and pathogenetic drugs. Out of 15 animals that received Butakur at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg (2.5 mg/kg for the active substance), 13 animals recovered, and the efficacy was 86.6%.

Cases of colonization of the narrow-leaved oleaster Elaeagnus angustifolia L., lacking external signs of being weakened, by bark beetles of the genus Scolytus and development of the beetles' offspring are described. The biological specificities of an aggressive xylophage, Scolytus jaroschewskii, and its association with the microorganisms in the foci of forest dieback are also characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the bovine leukemia virus impedes the development of livestock production and causes considerable losses. Despite the measures implemented, the problem of bovine leukosis eradication remains relevant in different regions of Russia. The article presents data on distribution of enzootic bovine leukosis in the Republic of Dagestan. Over the past five years, the lowest level (1.02%) of leukemia virus infection in cattle in the Republic was recorded in 2020. Laboratory tests for bovine leukosis were carried out in 41 raions and 7 municipal districts: no disease was diagnosed in 12 raions and 4 municipal districts, and the animal seropositivity index in the rest of areas was less than 1%. A high level of animal infection with the leukemia virus was recorded in the following raions: Dakhadaevsky (10.3%), Shamilsky (7.9%), Tarumovsky (3.1%), Kizlyarsky (2.3%), Babayurtovsky (2.2%), as well as in the town of Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk (3.8%). In other districts, the parameter’s values ranged from 1 to 2%. In total, 524,930 animal sera samples were serologically tested using the immunodiffusion method, out of which 5,362 samples were seropositive in 2020. 1,265 sera samples from animals infected with the leukemia virus were tested using the hematological method, 251 animals (19.8%) with persistent leukocytosis were identified, which is the average for the past years. Comparative analysis of the morbidity rate for bovine leukemia virus in farms of different categories showed that in public farms of the republic the percentage of infection level was higher (3.3%) than in the individual sector (0.7%). Thus, bovine leukemia infection level in the republic tends to decrease. Nevertheless, the infection and morbidity rates in cattle remain high in some raions and municipal districts, in particular, in the public sector.

Introduction. This paper shows the results of a study of the frequency of maintenance of passenger cars in various operating conditions, and provides recommendations for replacing the engine oil of gasoline engines (category SN classification according to API) according to the actual engine operating time (moto-hours). The service book of passenger cars contains the regulations for car maintenance with a list of operations that must be performed. The oil change intervals specified in the Regulations on Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Stock of motor Transport and the factory instructions do not take into account the specifics of the operation of vehicles. Depending on the road and climatic conditions and the operating mode, the standard maintenance schedule can be adjusted, in particular, the frequency of engine oil changes. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the intervals of car maintenance for specific operating conditions.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and foreign car maintenance systems, in particular, the oil change intervals of gasoline engines in European countries, the United States and Japan.The results of operational and resource tests of motor oils of gasoline engines carried out by methods of measuring their physical and chemical properties are presented.Results. In this paper, based on the analysis of the problem, recommendations for changing oil in gasoline engines by motorcycle hours for the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan (RD) are developed.The use of external and built-in technical means for calculating the motor hours allows you to determine the recommended oil change interval.Discussion and conclusion. In this paper, on the basis of research on a certain number of vehicles operating in various (including difficult) conditions, recommendations are developed that allow you to determine the rules of car maintenance for various operating conditions.

In Russia, Myotis nattereri was considered as a monotypic species, of which its range is divided into two parts.. One of them is the northern fragment consisting of Central Russia and the Urals, while the southern part of its range includes the Caucasus and Crimea. On the basis of morphological and molecular-genetic data, the taxonomic status of its Caucasian forms is discussed. In the Eastern Caucasus (Republic of Dagestan, Russia), we caught Myotis animals related to the group of «Myotis nattereri» species, similar to specimens of the West Asian Myotis cf. tschuliensis on the basis of skull size measurements. A comparison analysis showed that, outwardly, M. cf. tschuliensis 2 individuals are highly similar to specimens from Central Russia. However, these animals have some differences in the ear structure, os penis, attachment of the posterior edge of the wing membrane to the foot, and in the ratio of cilia lengths to bristles on the free edge of the tail membrane. The more reliable differences between M. cf. tschuliensis 2 animals and M. nattereri s.str. specimens were revealed on the basis of craniometric studies, but the complete confirmation of the species' independence of Caucasian specimens was obtained using the analysis of mtDNA sequences. According to phylogenetic constructions, Dagestan specimens designated by us as M. cf. tschuliensis 2, formed a well separated sister line in relation to the clade of Caucasian forms: M. schaubi and M. cf. tschuliensis 1 (p-distance: 7.4–7.0%). There are no reliable morphological differences between M. cf. tschuliensis 2 and M. cf. tschuliensis 1. Prior to genetic studies of M. tschuliensis specimens, we suggest using an open nomenclature for the East Caucasian form. If specimens designated as M. cf. tschuliensis 1, originated from the Near East, are genetically identical to the M. cf. tschuliensis specimens from its type location in Turkmenistan, then Dagestan bats designated as M. cf. tschuliensis 2 should be considered as a new, undescribed species.

The purpose of the research is studying the duration of the chemoprophylactic effect of prolonged solutions of DAC (diminazene aceturate) in combination with a solution of glycerin in bovine pyroplasmidoses.Materials and methods. 300 cattle were examined at the farms of the Kizilyurt and Kumtorkalinsky Districts of the Republic of Dagestan for tick infection. 45 blood smears were examined. Three groups of animals of 15 animals each were formed according to the principle of analogues. The first control group was administered DAC without glycerol, and the experimental groups were given prolonged solutions of DAC in combination with glycerin 10–12 days after the animals were sent to the pasture with rare solutions of acaricides during the mass tick infection period. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 4–5 ml per 100 kg of body weight. Animals were observed during the season; in case of any change in general condition, thermometry was performed, and blood smears were examined.Results and discussion. 5% aqueous solution of DAC in combination with a solution of glycerol provides prophylaxis of pyroplasmidoses in cattle. The chemoprophylactic effect of 5 % aqueous glycerol solution of DAC is kept in the animal body for 25 days. Its 6 times' use ensures the well-being of animals during the season (from April to September).

The paper assesses the studied fauna of bats in Dagestan. To date, a total of 26 species from 256 localities have been established in Dagestan. It is shown that the greatest efforts in studying bat fauna of the last two decades have been directed to the specially protected natural territories. Here at different sites, 12 to 45 sites have been surveyed. Until now several intra-mountainous areas in the west remain unexplored, there are many "white spots" in the central, northern and southern Dagestan. It is concluded that the species diversity of bats in different areas depends not only on the degree of their study, but also on their biotopic features. In the past few years, five new species have been discovered and four more have been confirmed. For some species, distribution peculiarities have been revealed and their taxonomic status has been clarified.

Aim. To analyze socio-political and religious aspects of transformation of the conflict in Dagestan after 1999 and the reaction of the Dagestani population to it.Methodology. In order to examine the peculiarities of the conflict transformation the author uses historical comparative method, sociological approach, and subject analysis of local mass media materials.Results demonstrate the necessity of wider consolidation of the Dagestani society for resolving the conflict, the consequences of which are still seen nowadays in a form of the clash of numerous interests and the extremism threat.Research implications It is concluded that in order to overcome the current conflict situation in the republic, a commensurate response is needed, coming from the very depths of public consciousness and the historical memory of the Dagestan peoples, which the bureaucratic apparatus is not capable of generating. The results of the study show that only the Dagestani society itself should and is capable of preparing such a response to the challenges emanating from the radical camp.

Background. The territorial study of the bat population of Dagestan remains insufficient. There are practically no data from remote and hard-to-reach mountain areas, and data on the flat part are modest. There are species, which findings are known only from the first half of the last century. The distribution features are unknown for many species. There is no accurate information about migrations of migratory species and the nature of their seasonal location. The aim of the work is to provide new information about bats of the flat part of Dagestan and adjacent foothill territories, as well as to give a brief analysis of the peculiarities of their distribution. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out from 14 to 28 of May and from 31 August to 12 September 2019. Bats were caught with spider nets at night and in the daytime they were searched in shelters. For remote detection of flying animals, ultrasonic detectors D-240 x and BATTLOGGER M were used. The initial signal processing was carried out in Betexplorer 2.1, and the final analysis-BatSound 3.31. Results. During the work 23 points were examined and 215 individuals of 19 species were found, 2 more species (Pl. auritus and N. lasiopterus) were registered only using echolocation signals. Conclusion. It was found that many species have a wider distribution than previously known (R. hipposideros, R. ferrumequinum, M. bechsteinii, M. mystacinus, M. davidii, N. leisleri). The habitat of M. blythii covers various landscapes from the lower reaches of the Terek river to the southern borders of the Republic. N. lasiopterus, N. leisleri, P. pygmaeus, H. savii, B. barbastellus and B. caspica habitat in the region is confirmed. A sporadic distribution has been noted for M. daubentoni. P. pipistrellus, P. kuhlii, P. nathusii, N. noctula and E. serotinus should be considered the most common in the flat part, and in some areas are massive. For pairs of cryptic species (M. mystacinus and M. davidii, P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) places of their joint habitat are established. The species status of M. nattereri s.l. living in the Sarykum region has been revised. Based on the results of genetic analysis specimens from this part of the region should be classified as M. cf. tschuliensis. Data on migratory species show that the flat part of the territory serves as a place of mass summer stay of males of N. noctula and P. nathusii. At the same time, the findings of pregnant females prove that part of their populations in the Dagestan is settled and uses the floodplain forests of the plain as a place for reproduction.

Abstract. Aim. The aim of the study is to show the possibility and efficiency of large-scale industrial production of microalgae in the Republic of Dagestan for the development of agriculture (feed for animals and poultry) and other technological applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries for the production of algalin flour (eco bread), polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6) physiologically necessary for humans, biologically active substances (astaxanthin, phycocyanin), new-generation antibiotics, biofuels and other high added value biotechnological products. The problems of using microalgae for bioremediation of the environment, in particular, purification of geothermal waters from phenols before discharging into the sewage system are considered. Methods. Microalgae are grown in closed and open type plants. Valuable algae components can be extracted using supercritical fluid technology of continuous action. Results. We give a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of using microalgae as a biological raw material in comparison with traditionally used oilseeds. Conclusion. For Dagestan, located on the shore of the Caspian Sea, with its warm climate and an abundance of solar and geothermal energy, the development of this technology is a task of great economic importance. The advantages of microalgae technologies are the basis for the creation of large-scale production of microalgae in southern Russia. Biotechnology in Dagestan can become not only profitable, but also a high-tech and innovative industry.

To study the molecular genetic structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) D4 isolates first identified in the Russian Federation. Blood plasma samples of patients from the Republic of Dagestan with previously identified HBV subgenotype D4 were used in the work. For amplification and sequencing reaction, overlapping pairs of specific primers, jointly flanking the entire HBV genome, were used. HBV subgenotype D4 isolates were first detected in the Russian Federation. All 3 isolates were of the ayw2 serotype. Pharmacoresistance mutations L80V and M204I were found in the HIV-infected patient with HBsAg-negative occult HBV. A high frequency of natural polymorphic variants of the Pol gene was shown in all three isolates. In the Precore/Core region, Precore mutations A1846T, C1858T and Core mutations E40D, N74T, N87S, I97F were detected in all 3 isolates. In the X region, all 3 isolates had V5L and P38S mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length HBV genome showed that the isolates were grouped together with the subgenotype D4 isolate from South Africa. The origin of all three patients with the above isolates from the same geographic region, the phylogenetic proximity of the nucleotide sequences of the complete virus genomes, and a number of identical mutations and polymorphic variants in different genes in all three isolates indicate an independent single import of the virus with the subsequent spread. The routes of distribution, as well as the frequency of HBV D4 occurrence in the Republic of Dagestan, remain unknown and require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution of intestinal helminthosis in sheep in plain and foothill areas of Dagestan has been studied. Materials and methods By the method of helminthological post mortem examination of intestinal tract a high infection rate of cestodes and nematodes in sheep was determined. Results and discussion The infection of young sheep up to 14 months of age with Moniezia spp. was 68,7 %, Thysaniezia giardi - 12,5 % at intensity of infection 6,7±0,7 expl./head; 2,7±0,3; 2,0±0,3; 106,9±6,7 and 68,3±7,3 expl./head respectively. In addition, a mono-infection was observed in 53,1 % of sheep, 12,5 % - were infected with two types of helminths, 9,4 % - with three, 9,4 % with four helminth types. The infestation of sheep more than two years of age was: with Moniezia spp. 17,9 %, Th. giardia - 12,8, A. centripunctata - 10,2, Nematodirus spp. -17,9 and Bunostomum spp. - 12,8 % at II (intensity of infection) 5,3±0,5 expl./head; 5,4±0,6; 4,2±0,4; 171,8±9,3 and 67,2±6,8 expl./ head respectively. The mono-infection was found in 23,0 % of sheep , in 15,4 % - the infestation with two helminth types, in 2,5 % - with three and in 2,5 % – with four helminth types. At mixed infection the intensity of infection with particular helminth types decreases in comparison with the mono infection. The pathogenic effect of helminths increases at infestation with several helminth types.

Aim. The paper presents the analysis of the political and socio-economic situation in the Republic of Dagestan, North-Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation for the period from 2006 to 2010.Discussion. We discuss the interrelation of the political situation and socio - economic stability at the national level. We also identified the basic problems of socio-economic and political stability in relation to the Republic of Dagestan; mechanisms to ensure the socio-economic recovery, political modernization, the creation of modern political institutions, formation of civil society and the rule of law to ensure the rights and freedoms of the individual. We discussed the questions of efficiency of public administration in the territory of Dagestan, economic leverage to market relations in order to reduce the dependence of the national budget on subsidies; administrative reform to reduce administrative barriers to minimize undue interference by public authorities in the activities of economic entities.Conclusion. It was indicated that the goal of economic modernization has been the elimination of socio-economic backwardness of Dagestan from other regions of Russia, changing the structure of the economy, the revival of the industry based on new technology, enhancing its competitiveness, ensuring the normal functioning of market institutions, the creation of modern jobs. To do this, we have changed approaches to taxation, fiscal - financial, scientific and technical policy in the region, the work of local governments.

Aim. Analysis of the status of the areas with the use of geoinformation technologies for environmental assessment to ensure sustainable development of natural-anthropogenic systems. Methods. Researches in field conditions and methods of chemical analyses of samples are conducted. Laboratory and analytical researches are executed with use of the standard techniques on the nuclear and absorbing spectrophotometer. The obtained data were analyzed by mathematical and statistical methods. Ecological maps are constructed with application of GIS-technologies. Results. Laid the basis for integrated environmental assessments of urban areas using geographic information systems. Conducted research to identify pollution of soil, air, and vegetation. Created digital environmental databases. Main conclusions. The developed techniques and algorithms of creation of a database and thematic digital vector maps and use of geoinformation technologies in ecological researches can be recommended as basic at similar researches both in territories of the cities of the Republic of Dagestan, and after the corresponding adjustment and completion when studying natural landscapes

Abstract. Aim. Study of this issue is relevant and importantin theoretical andclinical medicine. Low content of iodine in water and food is a cause an iodine deficiency in children and adolescents in the Republic of Dagestan. These data are great importance in medical practice. This article covers one of the pressing issues concerning vitamin and micronutrient deficiency, which affects half of children and teenagers in different areas of the Republic of Dagestan and Russian Federation.Methods. Children and adolescents of the Republic of Dagestan were objects of study. The iodine content in samples of drinking water and food were examined for the 44 administrative districts of the Republic of Dagestan. Data processing programs were carried out in the AU "SGM" and the Excel.Results. Full and proper nutrition is the most important condition for maintaining health, high performance and endurance of man and the nation’s gene. It is established that the Republic of Dagestan is a region with iodine deficiency in water and food, which leads to the development of thyroid diseases.Main conclusions. It is obvious that without appropriate measures for the prevention of iodine deficiency and treatment of diseases associated with it isn't possible to change the situation for the better health of future generations. This problem requires a comprehensive solution that provides replenishment of iodine deficiency in the population (mainly children), including iodization of food and bottled water with affordable and effective technologies.