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Context: The aim of this study was to analyze the muscle activity of the hamstring muscles and the lateral gastrocnemius during different variants of the single-leg bridge (SLB) in futsal players. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-two futsal players (age = 24.8 [3.9] y) volunteered to participate in this study. The participants performed 3 variations of the SLB with the knee flexed at 45°. The first position was performed with the ankle in plantar position with flat support, the second with the ankle in dorsiflexion (DF) with heel support, and the third with the ankle in DF and external rotation (ER) with heel support. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test assessed the difference between variables for samples with the rank-biserial correlation effect size. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations of the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction for each muscle with peak force and rate of force development with 3 different variances of the SLB. Results: The variation of ankle DF and ER with heel support generated higher muscle activity in BF in concentric (P<.01, effect size [ES] = -0.613); isometric (P<.042, ES = -0.494); and eccentric (P<.005, ES = -0.668) contraction than ankle DF with heel support. In contrast, the variation of ankle DF and ER with heel support generated fewer muscle activity in lateral gastrocnemius in concentric (P < .001, ES = 0.779); isometric (P < .003, ES = 0.708); and eccentric (P < .014, ES = 0.589) contraction than ankle DF with heel support. Conclusions: The position of DF and ER was the best position in SLB to train the BF. It could be convenient to start rehabilitation of the BF with flat foot postition or ankle in DF with heel support and progress with the position of the ankle in DF and ER with heel support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise-based rehabilitation programs have proven to be effective in enhancing the quality of life and reducing mortality and rehospitalization rates. AI-driven virtual rehabilitation, which allows patients to independently complete exercises at home, utilizes AI algorithms to analyze exercise data, providing feedback to patients and updating clinicians on their progress. These programs commonly prescribe a variety of exercise types, leading to a distinct challenge in rehabilitation exercise assessment datasets: while abundant in overall training samples, these datasets often have a limited number of samples for each individual exercise type. This disparity hampers the ability of existing approaches to train generalizable models with such a small sample size per exercise type. Addressing this issue, this paper introduces a novel supervised contrastive learning framework with hard and soft negative samples that effectively utilizes the entire dataset to train a single model applicable to all exercise types. This model, with a Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) architecture, demonstrated enhanced generalizability across exercises and a decrease in overall complexity. Through extensive experiments on three publicly available rehabilitation exercise assessment datasets, UI-PRMD, IRDS, and KIMORE, our method has proven to surpass existing methods, setting a new benchmark in rehabilitation exercise quality assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Clinically, chronic ankle instability has symptoms such as muscle weakness, loss of control and repeated sprains. These symptoms can be effectively improved by means of exercise intervention. Here, we conducted a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the effects of exercise intervention on chronic ankle instability at home and abroad through Meta-analysis, and examined the moderating effects of different exercise interventions on chronic ankle instability in terms of effect size and exercise dose. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, Web of Science, EBSCO-SPORTD and PubMed were searched and screened for relevant literature regarding randomized controlled trials of an exercise intervention program against chronic ankle instability. Included literature was analyzed by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata-SE 15. RESULTS: A total of 52 documents were included with 1 880 patients with chronic ankle instability. Meta-analysis showed that exercise intervention could improve the functional score of patients with chronic ankle instability to a large amount. Neuromuscular control training, a 12-week intervention cycle, and two weekly interventions of > 60 minutes are the best protocol for improving instability symptoms in patients with chronic ankle instability. Exercise intervention could improve the dynamic balance of patients with chronic ankle instability to reach the medium equivalent stress. The best exercise program to improve the dynamic balance ability is a combination of neuromuscular control training and hip strength training, with an exercise dose of 30-60 minutes, two or three times per week, for 8 weeks in total. CONCLUSION: Different exercise forms have a good effect on improving the unstable symptoms and dynamic balance ability of patients with chronic ankle instability, among which neuromuscular control training has a more comprehensive effect on improving chronic ankle instability. It is recommended that a multifunctional combination of training forms be used as a means of rehabilitation rather than a single form of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) helps treat coronary artery disease but only provides short-term relief and doesn't stop disease progression. Exercise rehabilitation can improve outcomes for patients after PCI and lower the risk of death and new heart problems, but many patients struggle to stick with their exercise routines. Spouses play a crucial role in supporting patients and helping them stay committed to their rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a couple-based exercise program in improving exercise adherence among post-PCI patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design, 70 dyads were recruited for a 12-week investigation. Participants were divided into an intervention group to receive the Couple-Based exercise program and a control ensemble for conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. The primary parameter under examination was exercise adherence. Secondary endpoints encompass exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Data were harvested at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). Result: Following a three-month monitoring period, noticeable differences were observed in the Couples exercise group compared to the control group in the realms of exercise adherence, exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, and anxiety-depression indices (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A couple-based exercise program developed based on a developmental-contextual framework improves exercise adherence and exercise self-efficacy, enhances cardiac function and exercise capacity, and improves anxiety and depression in post-coronary arteriography patients. This approach is likely to be an effective way to improve rehabilitation outcomes, leading to the broader goal of improving patient prognosis and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Trial registration: The study's registration was recorded with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (12/04/2022, registration number ChiCTR2200058600). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) helps treat coronary artery disease but only provides short-term relief and doesn’t stop disease progression. Exercise rehabilitation can improve outcomes for patients after PCI and lower the risk of death and new heart problems, but many patients struggle to stick with their exercise routines. Spouses play a crucial role in supporting patients and helping them stay committed to their rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a couple-based exercise program in improving exercise adherence among post-PCI patients. Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design, 70 dyads were recruited for a 12-week investigation. Participants were divided into an intervention group to receive the Couple-Based exercise program and a control ensemble for conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. The primary parameter under examination was exercise adherence. Secondary endpoints encompass exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Data were harvested at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). Result Following a three-month monitoring period, noticeable differences were observed in the Couples exercise group compared to the control group in the realms of exercise adherence, exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, and anxiety-depression indices (P

This paper summarize the nursing experience of a patient with facial neuritis treated with press-needle combined with muscle-fascia rehabilitation exercise. Nurses had formulated an individualized nursing plan based on the theory of Traditional Chinese medicine constitution, and carried out press-needle treatment on the corresponding acupoints on the face. Patient was taught to practice muscle fascia s rehabilitation exercise. In addition, diet guidance and emotional regulation measures were carried out during the treatment. After careful treatment and nursing, the symptoms of facial neuritis and the facial muscle function of the patient have been significantly improved. (本文总结应用揿针联合肌肉筋膜分离运动康复操治疗1例面神经炎患者的护理经验。基于中医体质理论制定个体化护理方案, 采用面部揿针治疗联合肌肉筋膜分离运动康复操进行治疗, 并配合饮食调护、情志护理, 有效改善患者面神经炎症状, 促进面肌功能恢复。)

Abstract Background The incidence of femoral neck fractures in older adults is increasing each year. Active and reasonable postoperative rehabilitation exercises can restore the activity of geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures to a great extent, while also avoiding bedridden complications and re-fractures. This study explores the perspectives, experiences, and recommendations of medical staff regarding the implementation status, existing problems, promoting factors, and hindering factors of post-surgical rehabilitation exercises for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. The ultimate goal is to further optimize rehabilitation exercise programs and to expedite this process for patients. Methods A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A total of 21 clinical medical staff were selected using the purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method was used to collate and analyze the collected interview data. Results A total of 2 themes and 6 sub-themes were defined. The themes consisted of multiple obstacles occurring during the implementation of rehabilitation exercises and the scientific cognition of medical staff on these exercises. Respondents found that patient initiative during rehabilitation exercises was insufficient, that the comprehensiveness and continuity of exercises could not be guaranteed, and that unification between textbook theory and clinical practice was incomplete. Moreover, respondents believed that their professional quality should be excellent, but that staffing and organizational management required optimization, and that support was required for the implementation of rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion This study investigated the opinions and experiences of medical staff during postoperative rehabilitation exercises in geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. Collaborative efforts should fully engage hospitals, communities, and families, enhance the alignment of health education with patient needs, advance the scientific development of an integrated medical model by refining the curriculum and teaching system, and significantly elevate the level of medical science and technology. This study will serve as a valuable reference for the establishment of future professional, and personalized rehabilitation programs tailored for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures.

Background: Weakness of gluteus medius (Gmed) is related with musculoskeletal disorders. Individuals who experience weakness in the Gmed may activate the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) as a compensatory mechanism. Application of isometric hip extension (IHE) with Thera-band may affect the activities of the Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and TFL, and the activity ratio of Gmed/TFL during side-lying hip abduction (SHA). Objects: To determine the influences of IHE during SHA on Gmed, Gmax, and TFL activities in participants with Gmed weakness. Methods: Three types of SHA exercises were performed: 1) traditional SHA in the frontal plane (SHA-T), 2) SHA with IHE applying Thera-band in the frontal plane (SHA-IHE), 3) and SHA with isometric hip flexion (IHF) applying Thera-band in the frontal plane (SHA-IHF). Results: SHA-IHE significantly showed higher Gmed and Gmax activities than SHA-T and SHA-IHF. SHA-IHF significantly showed higher activity of TFL than SHA-T or SHA-IHE. The ac-tivity ratio of Gmed/TFL was significantly higher in the SHA-IHE, SHA-T, and SHA-IHF, in that order. Conclusion: The SHA-IHE resulted in higher activities of Gmed, Gmax and a higher muscle ratio of Gmed/TFL.

Background: The incidence of femoral neck fractures in older adults is increasing each year. Active and reasonable postoperative rehabilitation exercises can restore the activity of geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures to a great extent, while also avoiding bedridden complications and re-fractures. This study explores the perspectives, experiences, and recommendations of medical staff regarding the implementation status, existing problems, promoting factors, and hindering factors of post-surgical rehabilitation exercises for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. The ultimate goal is to further optimize rehabilitation exercise programs and to expedite this process for patients. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A total of 21 clinical medical staff were selected using the purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method was used to collate and analyze the collected interview data. Results: A total of 2 themes and 6 sub-themes were defined. The themes consisted of multiple obstacles occurring during the implementation of rehabilitation exercises and the scientific cognition of medical staff on these exercises. Respondents found that patient initiative during rehabilitation exercises was insufficient, that the comprehensiveness and continuity of exercises could not be guaranteed, and that unification between textbook theory and clinical practice was incomplete. Moreover, respondents believed that their professional quality should be excellent, but that staffing and organizational management required optimization, and that support was required for the implementation of rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion: This study investigated the opinions and experiences of medical staff during postoperative rehabilitation exercises in geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. Collaborative efforts should fully engage hospitals, communities, and families, enhance the alignment of health education with patient needs, advance the scientific development of an integrated medical model by refining the curriculum and teaching system, and significantly elevate the level of medical science and technology. This study will serve as a valuable reference for the establishment of future professional, and personalized rehabilitation programs tailored for geriatric patients with femoral neck fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation exercise is a crucial non-pharmacological intervention for the secondary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, effectively ameliorating cardiac remodeling in patients. Exercise training can mitigate cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis, promote angiogenesis, and regulate inflammatory response to improve cardiac remodeling. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent research progress, summarizing the pivotal role and underlying mechanism of rehabilitation exercise in improving cardiac remodeling and providing valuable insights for devising effective rehabilitation treatment programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Telerehabilitation based on digital medical care can efficiently improve the health status of patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. However, the current participation rate in telerehabilitation is low. Objective To analyse the reasons for refusal of exercise rehabilitation in patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in the context digital medical care based on the theory of leisure constraints. Methods Patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in the inpatient department or outpatient clinic of Department of Cardiology, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects by using the purposive sampling method. The phenomenological approach was adopted to collect data from patients who refused exercise telerehabilitation after radiofrequency ablation through semi-structured interviews, and Colaizzi analysis was used to summarize the reasons. Results A total of 14 patients were finally included in this study. Three themes including self-limiting factors, interpersonal limiting factors, and structural limiting factors, and twelve sub-themes were extracted, namely, low level of digital literacy, negative illness perception, psychological distress caused by disease, digital medical trust crisis, deep-rooted personal exercise habits, alienation sense from rehabilitation team, insufficient social network establishment, economic burden related to equipment acquisition, harsh climate, low rehabilitation service capacity in primary care, constraints of available time by role pressure, and poor applicability of wearable devices. Conclusion The reasons for refusal to exercise telerehabilitation include lack of literacy and trust in digital medical care, high level of illness perception and psychological distress, poor exercise habits, rehabilitation team and peer alienation, economic burden, harsh climate, lack of capacity and personal time for rehabilitation service capacity in primary care, and inadequate applicability of existing wearable devices.

The adherence of rehabilitation exercise of rotator cuff repair patients is very important for the recovery of shoulder joint function, but the situation is not ideal. By searching the literature of domestic and foreign databases, this paper reviewed the status quo of rehabilitation exercise compliance of patients with rotator cuff repair, analyzed the influence of physiological and psychological factors, rehabilitation exercise load, social support and medical support on rehabilitation exercise adherence of patients with rotator cuff repair, and explained relevant nursing intervention modes, aiming at providing reference for improving rehabilitation exercise adherence of patients with rotator cuff repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* OBJECTIVE: To determine if adding lumbar neuromuscular control retraining exercises to a 12-week program of strengthening exercises had greater effect for improving disability than 12 weeks of strengthening exercises alone in people with chronic low back pain (LBP). * DESIGN: Single-center, participant- and assessor-blinded, comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. tMETHODS: Sixty-nine participants (31 females; 29 males; mean age: 46.5 years) with nonspecific chronic LBP were recruited for a 12-week program involving lumbar extension neuromuscular retraining in addition to resistance exercises (intervention) or 12 weeks of resistance exercises alone (control). The primary outcome measure was the Oswestry Disability Index. Secondary outcome measures included the Numeric Rating Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. * RESULTS: Forty-three participants (22 control, 21 intervention) completed all outcome measures at 6 and 12 weeks. Fourteen participants were lost to follow-up, and 12 participants discontinued due to COVID-19 restrictions. Both groups demonstrated clinically important changes in disability, pain intensity, and kinesiophobia. The difference between groups with respect to disability was imprecise and not clinically meaningful (mean difference, -4.4; 95% CI: -10.2, 1.4) at 12 weeks. Differences in secondary outcomes at 6 or 12 weeks were also small with wide confidence intervals. * CONCLUSIONS: Adding lumbar neuromuscular control retraining to a series of resistance exercises offered no additional benefit over resistance exercises alone over a 12-week period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence is being used for rehabilitation, including monitoring exercise compliance through sensor technology. AI classification of shoulder exercise wearing an IMU sensor has only been reported in normal (i.e. painless) subjects. To prove the feasibility of monitoring exercise compliance, we aimed to classify 11 types of shoulder rehabilitation exercises using an AI (artificial intelligence) algorithm in patients with shoulder pain. We had the patients wear an IMU-based sensor, collected data during exercise, and determined the accuracy of exercise classification. Methods Data were collected from 58 patients (27 males, 31 females, age range 37–82 years) diagnosed with shoulder diseases such as adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff disease. 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercise programs were developed and repeated each exercise ten times per session while wearing an IMU sensor. The study applied the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) and the SoftMax as the activation function for hidden layers, the output layer. Results The acquired data was used to train a DNN model using the multilayer perceptron algorithm. The trained model was used to classify 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises. The training accuracy was 0.975 and the test accuracy was 0.925. Conclusion The study demonstrates that IMU sensor data can effectively classify shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises, providing more appropriate feedback for patients. The model can be utilized to establish a system for remotely monitoring patients’ exercise performance. The use of deep learning in patient monitoring and rehabilitation has significant potential to bring innovative changes to healthcare service delivery.

Swallowing dysfunction in elderly stroke patients is a common and significant clinical problem that has a considerable impact on their health and quality of life. Studies have indicated that impaired swallowing function in elderly stroke patients is associated with multiple factors, including the location and extent of the stroke, the degree of damage to the neural pathways, and related inflammatory responses. Interventions for swallowing dysfunction in elderly stroke patients have gradually become more diverse and individualized. This paper reviewed the studies on dysphagia in elderly stroke patients, summarized etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms, assessment tools, and treatment of dysphagia, and provided reference for diversifying clinical research and treatment. (吞咽功能障碍是老年脑卒中患者常见并发症, 严重影响患者预后和生活质量。老年脑卒中患者的吞咽功能受损与中风部位和范围、神经通路的受损程度以及相关的炎症反应等因素有关。随着脑卒中相关研究的深入开展, 老年脑卒中患者吞咽功能障碍的干预措施逐渐多样化和个体化。本研究主要回顾和总结老年脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的研究进展, 包括病因和病理生理机制、评估工具以及治疗方法等方面, 以期为临床研究以及治疗的多元化提供参考。)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, and quality of life of COPD patients can be severely impaired with increasing severity of disease. As a kind of exercise in Traditional medicine, Baduanjin Qigong is an aerobic exercise which is suitable for elderly patients. It can improve the cardiopulmonary function of patients and is conducive to the rehabilitation of COPD. This article summarized the effective intervention of Baduanjin Qigong exercise therapy on elderly patients with COPD in stable stage, and provided reference for modify the exercise prescription for elderly patients with CODP. (慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是临床老年患者常见呼吸系统疾病, 严重影响老年患者的生活质量。八段锦动作柔和缓慢, 属于有氧运动, 且不受场地限制, 适用于老年患者, 可改善其心肺功能, 有利于COPD的康复。本研究从老年COPD稳定期患者开展八段锦运动锻炼的效果、作用机制及运动方案进行综述, 以期为老年COPD患者运动处方的修订提供参考。)

In absence of existing studies, to describe changes in balance and mobility, following specific task-oriented training (TOT), its combination with talocrural manual therapy (MT-TOT) or no intervention, in chronic stroke patients. To explore the feasibility of a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on criteria of recruitment, retention and adherence rates, adverse events, falls and acceptability of the intervention. Using an assessor-blinded pilot RCT, 36 stroke patients were allocated to either MT-TOT, TOT, or controls. Supervised interventions were performed 45 min, 2×/weekly, for 4 weeks, and home-based practice 20 min, 4x/weekly for 4 weeks. Qualitative interviews evaluated intervention acceptability. Outcomes of balance, mobility, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), falls and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up. Preliminary efficacy of MT-TOT and TOT was shown in improving balance (effect size 0.714), walking speed (0.683), mobility (0.265), dual-tasking mobility (0.595), falls (0.037), active and passive talocrural ROM (0.603; 0.751) and activities and social participation related HRQoL domains (0.332–0.784) in stroke patients. The feasibility of a larger RCT was confirmed. Specific MT-TOT and TOT appeared effective and are feasible in stroke patients. A larger RCT is needed to validate the results.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023068. Registered on 21.09.2020, A specific goal- and task-oriented training involving timed mobility and dynamic balance activities based on the demands of daily life, of high intensity and progressed in difficulty according to predefined criteria is feasible in patients after stroke. In this mixed methods pilot study patients indicated high acceptability of task-oriented training with and without ankle mobilisations, with their descriptions being in line with the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Specific task-oriented training and its combination with talocrural joint manual therapy improved balance, mobility, talocrural dorsiflexion range of motion and some domains of health-related quality of life in people after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence is being used for rehabilitation, including monitoring exercise compliance through sensor technology. AI classification of shoulder exercise wearing an IMU sensor has only been reported in normal (i.e. painless) subjects. To prove the feasibility of monitoring exercise compliance, we aimed to classify 11 types of shoulder rehabilitation exercises using an AI (artificial intelligence) algorithm in patients with shoulder pain. We had the patients wear an IMU-based sensor, collected data during exercise, and determined the accuracy of exercise classification. Methods: Data were collected from 58 patients (27 males, 31 females, age range 37–82 years) diagnosed with shoulder diseases such as adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff disease. 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercise programs were developed and repeated each exercise ten times per session while wearing an IMU sensor. The study applied the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) and the SoftMax as the activation function for hidden layers, the output layer. Results: The acquired data was used to train a DNN model using the multilayer perceptron algorithm. The trained model was used to classify 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises. The training accuracy was 0.975 and the test accuracy was 0.925. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that IMU sensor data can effectively classify shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises, providing more appropriate feedback for patients. The model can be utilized to establish a system for remotely monitoring patients' exercise performance. The use of deep learning in patient monitoring and rehabilitation has significant potential to bring innovative changes to healthcare service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With improving living standards, the incidence of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has become increasingly high. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the effect of diversified health-promoting models on rehabilitation exercises in patients with CSM after an operation. METHOD: This was a randomized controlled trial, wherein 107 patients with CSM treated by neurosurgery were selected as the subjects. Of those, 52 patients in the control group adopted the conventional health-promoting model, while the remaining 55 patients in the intervention group adopted diversified health-promoting models. The effect of rehabilitation exercises in the two groups was evaluated according to the self-efficacy rehabilitation outcome scale, grip strength measurement of the affected limb, and Barthel index. RESULTS: At Day 3 post-operation and before discharge, the self-efficacy management of rehabilitation exercises in the intervention group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The grip strength measurement of the affected limb, Japanese Orthopedic Association score of the cervical vertebra, and Barthel index of the two groups at Day 3 post-operation were lower than before the intervention and were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, these three items before discharge were improved when compared with those of before intervention and were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative rehabilitation exercises guided by the diversified health-promoting models for patients with CSM can improve the patients' self-efficacy management ability in rehabilitation exercises, help improve grip strength, and promote the recovery of cervical vertebra function, thereby improving the patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disease, mainly manifested as muscle weakness and fatigue. Nursing is an important part of the treatment of myasthenia gravis and has an important impact on the rehabilitation of the disease. This paper mainly discusses the effect of clinical nursing on the rehabilitation of myasthenia gravis, and summarizes the advanced experience of nursing at home and abroad for clinical nursing reference. (重症肌无力是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病, 主要表现为肌肉无力和疲劳。护理干预在症肌无力患者的病情康复中有着重要作用。本文对症肌无力临床护理研究进展进行综述, 旨在为制定更优质的症肌无力护理方案提供参考。)

Abstract Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is used to describe the clinical manifestations of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, effective treatment and prevention strategies are lacking. Increasing evidence has shown that rehabilitation training could prevent cognitive decline, enhance brain plasticity, and effectively improve neurological function in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in the effects of rehabilitation exercise therapy on the prognosis of CTE are worth exploring. The aim of this article is to review the pathogenesis of CTE and provide a potential clinical intervention strategy for CTE.

In recent years, autonomous rehabilitation training systems with no or reduced supervision have attracted much research attentions. It is essential to automatically record and recognize motions so as to realize autonomous rehabilitation training. In this paper, we propose a motion recognition model of upper-limb rehabilitation exercise (MRURE) for post-strokes. Wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used to collect motion data including tri-axial acceleration and angular velocity. A Mahalanobis distance-based dynamic time warping (MDDTW) technique and an improved metric learning algorithm Nearest Neighbors Constraint (NNC) are built to measure the similarity between motions. Then, the kNN classifier is adopted to classify motions based on Mahalanobis distance. In order to verify and validate the proposed motion recognition model, we conduct extensive experiments by motion samples collected from healthy participants. The overall recognition accuracy for five motions achieves 99.34%, which demonstrates that MRURE is effective for motion recognition of upper-limb exercises. The performance of MRURE is also compared with kNN based on Euclidean and Manhattan distance and the state-of-the-art motion recognition methods. Experiment results show that the accuracy of kNN based on Mahalanobis distance is better than that of Euclidean and Manhattan distance, and MRURE outperforms methods based on feature extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a set of assessment tools for health professionals to evaluate the physical functions, mental functions, and social abilities of people with stroke (PWS) from 6 months to 3 years after stroke onset, to design a tailored "Rehabilitation Exercise and Sports" (RES) program, which the South Korean government was required to provide by the Act on Guarantee of Right to Health and Access to Health Services for people with disabilities. Since previous studies mainly dealt with the chronic stage of PWS, it would not be appropriate to apply assessment tools used in previous studies, as they are not compatible with the time window (6 months to 3 years) used to define the target population of the RES program. We reviewed the literature to identify evaluation factors and assessment tools applied in previous studies, and developed a Delphi questionnaire with closed-ended questions based on the literature review's results and supplementary open-ended questions. A 20-expert panel conducted four rounds of the Delphi survey, including two rounds to determine evaluation factors and two rounds to determine assessment tools. The Delphi survey revealed that 22 evaluation factors and 24 corresponding assessment tools reached consensus among the experts. However, no assessment tools reached consensus for three evaluation factors: muscle endurance, flexibility, and dynamic balance. A comprehensive set of assessment tools would be useful for health professionals to understand the health status of PWS from 6 months to 3 years after stroke onset, and help the design of tailored RES programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaifei Wang, Ye Hu, Zhimei Duan, Han Fu, Xingshuo Hu, Ying Zhao, Ruoxuan Wen, Lina Li, Fei Xie College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fei Xie, College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15001028681, Email xielx301@sina.comBackground: Staphylococcus aureus has been well recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with non-specific characteristics and poor prognosis. In severe CAP (SCAP) guidelines, β-lactam combined with macrolides or fluoroquinolones therapy was recommended, but the efficacy is not satisfactory due to the continued spread of antimicrobial resistance. Contezolid is a new representative of oxazolidinones in clinical development, but no relevant reports have been reported for the treatment of SCAP. This was the first report of a patient with Staphylococcus aureus SCAP who was successfully treated with contezolid combined with other antibiotics and rehabilitation exercise.Case Presentation: A 44-year-old woman with high blood pressure and diabetes was admitted to our hospital owing to cough, sputum, wheezing for 2 weeks, and aggravation for 2 days. The bronchoscopic alveolar lavage and microorganism-Rapid On Site Evaluation (BAL-mROSE) was used to get pathological data, which were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, in line with blood cultures. During hospitalization, the patient received endotracheal intubation for assisted breathing and anti-infective therapy, including meropenem, linezolid, teicoplanin and tazocin successively. Finally, contezolid obtained excellent result, with platelet recovery to normal levels and significant improvement in pulmonary imaging. Meanwhile, the patient’s swallowing disorder improved after continuous rehabilitation exercise. After discharge, she received contezolid consolidation therapy for 1 week and was free of complaints during the 30-day follow-up without any special treatment for SCAP.Discussion: Treatment with contezolid combined with other antibiotics and rehabilitation exercise for SCAP has shown remarkable efficacy and good safety; hence, this regimen is a promising treatment strategy for this fatal disease.Keywords: severe community-acquired pneumonia, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic therapy, contezolid, rehabilitation exercise

This paper summarized the postoperative nursing management of a child with spastic cerebral palsy. The child received selective posterior rhizotomy followed by preoperative examination and preparation. In addition to the interventions on postoperative pain, constipation and infection, a rehabilitation exercise program was carried out to improve the comprehensive recovery of the child after surgery. (本文总结1例痉挛型脑瘫患儿的术后护理体会。患儿入院后完善相关检查和术前准备, 采用选择性脊神经后根切断术治疗, 术后做好疼痛、便秘、感染等护理干预, 根据恢复期制定康复方案, 指导患儿及家属进行康复锻炼, 促使其全面康复。)

Therapeutic exercise in combination with electrical stimulation has become an important method to help improve movement and raise functional efficiency in elderly paraplegics. Therefore, this research focused on designing a rehabilitation program with electrical stimulation to raise the functional efficiency of the elderly with paraplegia and to know its effect on the muscle tone of the muscles of the upper and lower extremities of the affected part. In this paper, the researcher used the experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research, using the intentional method in selecting a sample of 8 patients with simple and medium degrees. The results showed the positive effect of rehabilitative exercises with electrical stimulation used in a sample in improving muscle tone and reducing the effects of spasms in it, as well as a positive effect of the rehabilitative exercise program with electrical stimulation in increasing and improving the range of motion, and an improvement was also found in the angles of the joints of the affected limbs as a result of continuous movement and continuation in the performance of the proposed rehabilitation exercises in a sample with the ability of the injured individuals to perform strength training and improve the movement level. In conclusion, the researcher recommends being guided by the therapeutic program in rehabilitation and paying attention to flexibility and orthotics together as two sides of the same coin to get rid of muscle spasm in particular and improve muscle tone in general, and to pay attention to the development of muscle strength, balance, flexibility and views of the affected muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To determine the effective exercise methods for different complications of breast cancer patients after surgery. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods A comprehensive electronic search was carried out with no time limit until May 2020. Studies must have been randomized controlled trials of patients after breast cancer surgery, without limit to the way of exercise. Literature quality was evaluated by the modified Jadad scale. The meta‐analysis was conducted with CMA2.0 software. Results Aerobic exercise reduced the intensity of the pain (MD = −1.043), improved shoulder flexion (MD = 3.398) and internal rotation range (MD = 3.868), lessened upper limb dysfunction (MD = −5.231) and improved muscle strength during flexion (MD = 1.076) and abduction (MD = 0.991). Shoulder elbow movement improved the range of shoulder external rotation (MD = 2.691) and reduced the incidence of arm lymphedema (RR = 0.343). Anti‐resistance exercise also lessened upper limb dysfunction (MD = − 4.094).

Bedridden patients risk presenting several problems caused by prolonged immobility, leading to a long recovery process. There is thus a need to develop solutions that ensure the implementation of physical rehabilitation programs in a controlled and interactive way. In this context, the ABLEFIT project aims to develop a medical device to physically rehabilitate bedridden patients with prolonged immobility. A partnership was established between the school of nursing, business enterprises and an engineering institute to develop a prototype. After creating the prototype, a pre-clinical experimental usability study was created using the user-centred multi-method approach (User and Human-Centered Design) to assess the device’s functionality, ergonomics and safety. The pre-clinical stage was initiated with a sample of 12 health professionals (that manipulated the device’s functionalities) and 10 end-users (who used the device). During the pre-clinical stage, the need to incorporate in the final version joint stabilizers was observed. Another important finding was the importance of the continuous monitorization of vital signs on Ablefit, namely, heart rate and SPO2. Therefore, the development of the Ablefit system allows the monitoring of a set of variables and conditions inherent to immobility. At the same time, this device will be a dynamic solution (using gamification and simulation technologies) by generating personalized rehabilitation plans.

Background: Scientific and technological development has constituted a reality in the lives of populations, making it unimaginable to live without specific incentives that development has allowed. That said, given the increase in the longevity of people, it will be helpful to implement these resources in promoting health and disease prevention in the elderly. The objective of this study is to identify, in the scientific evidence, the effects of Wii games on the physical training of the elderly. Methods: A systematic review will be carried out according to the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant databases will be used for the research, where the words will be used: rehabilitation, exercise, physical activity, rehabilitation exercise; movement; therapeutic exercise; engine activity; rehabilitation, geriatric, gerontologic care, and aged. Results: This systematic review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies, including randomised studies with and without a control group, pre- and post-assessment. Conclusions: To promote the autonomy of the elderly and consequently healthy and prosperous ageing, it is crucial to implement all available measures and resources. For this purpose, exergames have been shown to be effective, and it is necessary to know which ones are suitable for the physical training of the elderly. This one protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework.

Background: The presence of the lumbopelvic-hip neuromuscular chain is essential for dy-namic spinal stabilization; its therapeutic effects on dynamic movements of the distal extrem-ity segment and underpinning motor mechanism remain unknown and warrant further study on participants with low back pain (LBP).Objects: We aim to compare the effects of the broken chain exercise (BCE) and connected chain exercise (CCE) on electromyography (EMG) amplitude and onset time in participants with and without LBP. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial. A convenience sample of 40 nonathletic par-ticipants (mean age: 24.78 ± 1.70) with and without LBP participated in this study. All par-ticipants underwent CCE for 30 minutes, 30-minute daily. We measured EMG amplitude and onset times on bilateral erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), trans-verse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) during the prone hip extension (PHE) test before and after the BCE and CCE. We used multivariate analysis of vari-ance (MANOVA) to analyze the amplitude and onset time difference between exercises (BCE and CCE) and Pearson’s correlations to determine any synergistic relationship among the HAM, GM, bilateral TrA/IO, and ES muscles. The statistical analyses were used at p < 0.05.Results: MANOVA showed that CCE was more decreased on EMG amplitude in HAM and bilateral ES, while increased GM and contralateral TrA/IO than BCE (p < 0.05). MANOVA EMG onset time data analyses revealed that the main effect of the conditions was significant for all HAM, GM, and bilateral ES muscles, whereas the main effect for the group was significant only for GM and contralateral ES in healthy and LBP groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between BCE and CCE on dependent variables. In most of the muscles, there was a strong, positive correlation between the two variables, and there was a significant relationship (p < 0.001).Conclusion: CCE produced more effective and coordinated core stabilization and motor control mechanism in the lumbopelvic-hip muscles in participants with and without LBP dur-ing PHE than BCE.

Many stroke survivors' quality of life is impaired. Few studies of factors influencing their quality of life have been based on the factors tested by the short form 36 instrument. This study did so with 308 physically disabled stroke survivors in rural China. Principal components analysis was applied to refine the dimension structure of the short form 36 assessment, followed by backward multiple linear regression analysis to determine the independent factors influencing quality of life. The structure revealed differed from the generic structure in showing that the mental health and vitality dimensions are not unidimensional. Subjects who reported access to the outdoors as convenient demonstrated better quality of life in all dimensions. Those who exercised regularly achieved better social functioning and negative mental health scores. Other factors influencing a better quality of life in terms of physical functioning were younger age and not being married. Being older and better educated predicted better role-emotion scores. Being female correlated with better social functioning scores, while men scored better on bodily pain. Being less educated predicted higher negative mental health, while being less disabled predicted better physical and social functioning. The results suggest that the SF-36's dimension structure should be re-evaluated before using it to assess stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effective exercise methods for different complications of breast cancer patients after surgery. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was carried out with no time limit until May 2020. Studies must have been randomized controlled trials of patients after breast cancer surgery, without limit to the way of exercise. Literature quality was evaluated by the modified Jadad scale. The meta‐analysis was conducted with CMA2.0 software. Results: Aerobic exercise reduced the intensity of the pain (MD = −1.043), improved shoulder flexion (MD = 3.398) and internal rotation range (MD = 3.868), lessened upper limb dysfunction (MD = −5.231) and improved muscle strength during flexion (MD = 1.076) and abduction (MD = 0.991). Shoulder elbow movement improved the range of shoulder external rotation (MD = 2.691) and reduced the incidence of arm lymphedema (RR = 0.343). Anti‐resistance exercise also lessened upper limb dysfunction (MD = − 4.094). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study compared the effects of exercise program and a rehabilitation exercise program (REP) with electro muscle stimulation (EMS) on participants who had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The control group (CONG, n = 12) and the electro muscle stimulation group (EMSG, n = 12) were equally assigned among the 24 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. For 12 weeks, CONG executed the REP, and EMSG executed of added EMS into the REP. Every participant in the rehabilitative exercise program completed two 60 min sessions each week for a total of 12 weeks. Both a pre- and post-evaluation were completed before and after the workout session. IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) score, Lysholm score, thigh circumference, muscular activity, and isokinetic muscle function were the variables examined. The EMSG exposed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Lysholm score, muscle circumference, muscle activity of vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RM), and vastus lateralis (VL), and isokinetic function (peak torque, total work). However, CONG only showed a significant increase in IKDC score (p < 0.05). This study proved that the REP employing EMS following ACL reconstruction enhanced muscular activation during muscle contraction when compared to REP, and it showed that using EMS in rehabilitation exercise is an effective rehabilitation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bedridden patients risk presenting several problems caused by prolonged immobility, leading to a long recovery process. There is thus a need to develop solutions that ensure the implementation of physical rehabilitation programs in a controlled and interactive way. In this context, the ABLEFIT project aims to develop a medical device to physically rehabilitate bedridden patients with prolonged immobility. A partnership was established between the school of nursing, business enterprises and an engineering institute to develop a prototype. After creating the prototype, a pre-clinical experimental usability study was created using the user-centred multi-method approach (User and Human-Centered Design) to assess the device's functionality, ergonomics and safety. The pre-clinical stage was initiated with a sample of 12 health professionals (that manipulated the device's functionalities) and 10 end-users (who used the device). During the pre-clinical stage, the need to incorporate in the final version joint stabilizers was observed. Another important finding was the importance of the continuous monitorization of vital signs on Ablefit, namely, heart rate and SPO2. Therefore, the development of the Ablefit system allows the monitoring of a set of variables and conditions inherent to immobility. At the same time, this device will be a dynamic solution (using gamification and simulation technologies) by generating personalized rehabilitation plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scientific and technological development has constituted a reality in the lives of populations, making it unimaginable to live without specific incentives that development has allowed. That said, given the increase in the longevity of people, it will be helpful to implement these resources in promoting health and disease prevention in the elderly. The objective of this study is to identify, in the scientific evidence, the effects of Wii games on the physical training of the elderly. Methods: A systematic review will be carried out according to the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant databases will be used for the research, where the words will be used: rehabilitation, exercise, physical activity, rehabilitation exercise; movement; therapeutic exercise; engine activity; rehabilitation, geriatric, gerontologic care, and aged. Results: This systematic review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies, including randomised studies with and without a control group, pre- and post-assessment. Conclusions: To promote the autonomy of the elderly and consequently healthy and prosperous ageing, it is crucial to implement all available measures and resources. For this purpose, exergames have been shown to be effective, and it is necessary to know which ones are suitable for the physical training of the elderly. This one protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exercise has multiple proposed treatment targets. Few RCTs match their outcomes to these targets. • These analyses suggest that outcomes matched to exercise treatment targets may produce greater SMDs than outcomes that are not matched to exercise treatment targets. • Composite outcomes may generate greater SMDs and less uncertain estimates. To explore whether using a single matched or composite outcome might affect the results of previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing exercise for non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The first objective was to explore whether a single matched outcome generated greater standardized mean differences (SMDs) when compared with the original unmatched primary outcome SMD. The second objective was to explore whether a composite measure, composed of matched outcomes, generated a greater SMD when compared with the original primary outcome SMD. We conducted exploratory secondary analyses of data. Seven RCTs were included, of which 2 were based in the USA (University research clinic, Veterans Affairs medical center) and the UK (primary care clinics, nonmedical centers). One each were based in Norway (clinics), Brazil (primary care), and Japan (outpatient clinics). The first analysis comprised 1) 5 RCTs (n=1033) that used an unmatched primary outcome but included (some) matched outcomes as secondary outcomes, and the second analysis comprised 2) 4 RCTs (n=864) that included multiple matched outcomes by developing composite outcomes (N=1897). Exercise compared with no exercise. The composite consisted of standardized averaged matched outcomes. All analyses replicated the RCTs' primary outcome analyses. Of 5 RCTs, 3 had greater SMDs with matched outcomes (pooled effect SMD 0.30 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.04, 0.56], P =.02) compared with an unmatched primary outcome (pooled effect SMD 0.19 [95% CI -0.03, 0.40] P =.09). Of 4 composite outcome analyses, 3 RCTs had greater SMDs in the composite outcome (pooled effect SMD 0.28 [95% CI 0.05, 0.51] P =.02) compared with the primary outcome (pooled effect SMD 0.24 [95% CI -0.04, 0.53] P =.10). These exploratory analyses suggest that using an outcome matched to exercise treatment targets in NSLBP RCTs may produce greater SMDs than an unmatched primary outcome. Composite outcomes could offer a meaningful way of investigating superiority of exercise than single domain outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Insightful feedback generation for daily home-based stroke rehabilitation is currently unavailable due to the inefficiency of exercise inspection done by therapists. We aim to produce a compact anomaly representation that allows a therapist to pay attention to only a few specific sections in a long exercise session record and boost their efficiency in feedback generation. Methods This study proposes a data-driven technique to model a repetitive exercise using unsupervised phase learning on an artificial neural network and statistical learning on principal component analysis (PCA). After a model is built on a set of normal healthy movements, the model can be used to extract a sequence of anomaly scores from a movement of the same prescription. Results The method not only works on a standard marker-based motion capture system but also performs well on a more compact and affordable motion capture system based-on Kinect V2 and wrist-worn inertial measurement units that can be used at home. An evaluation of four different exercises shows its potential in separating anomalous movements from normal ones with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9872 even on the compact motion capture system. Conclusions The proposed processing technique has the potential to help clinicians in providing high-quality feedback for telerehabilitation in a more scalable way.

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The present study examined the effects of a rehabilitation exercise program with blood flow restriction (BFR) vs. a general rehabilitation exercise program in patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Among a total of 24 patients, the general rehabilitation exercise group (GRE, n = 12) and blood flow restriction group (BFR, n = 12) were assigned the same. The GRE group conducted a general rehabilitation exercise, and the BFR group conducted a BFR exercise along with the general rehabilitation exercise. All participants performed the rehabilitation exercise program session for 60 min three times a week for 12 weeks under supervision. All dependent parameters (Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, muscle activity, isokinetic muscular function, Y-balance test) were evaluated before and after the rehabilitation exercise program. GRE improved the Lysholm score, IKDC subjective score and Y balance test (posterior-medial, posterior-lateral) (p < 0.05). Moreover, BFR was effective in improving the Lysholm score and IKDC subjective score and muscle activity (e.g., vastus medialis oblique during isokinetic contraction and rectus femoris during isometric contraction), isokinetic function (e.g., peak torque and total work) and Y-balance test (e.g., anterior, posterior medial, posterior lateral) (p < 0.05). Our study confirmed that a rehabilitation exercise program with BFR after ACL reconstruction is a more effective rehabilitation modality for improving muscle activity during muscle contraction and muscle function compared with GRE. Therefore, it is recommended to use BFR as an effective rehabilitation program for rapid recovery after ACL reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Simultaneous effects of exercise rehabilitation, arbutin, and glibenclamide are a novelty. • Significant effect of arbutin and its interaction with aerobic training. • The use of aerobic training and arbutin as a way to improve diabetes. • The effect of glibenclamide consumption was more remarkable compared to arbutin. Leptin and adiponectin are cytokines produced excessively by adipocytes, which are related to metabolic disorders. This study aimed to compare the effect of aerobic training (AT) and arbutin on leptin and adiponectin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups including: (1) healthy control, (2) diabetic control, (3) healthy + arbutin, (4) diabetic + arbutin, (5) healthy + AT, (6) healthy + arbutin + AT, (7) diabetic + arbutin + AT, (8) diabetic + glibenclamide, (9) diabetic + AT, and (10) diabetic + glibenclamide + AT. Diabetes was induced in rats through the injection of 90 mg/kg saline-diluted alloxan. The AT was performed by swimming fosix weeks (five days a week). Arbutin was injected at 50 mg/kg, and glibenclamide was gavaged at 0.5 mg/kg per meal. Improvements of leptin, glucose, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio were different (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the significant effect of arbutin and its interaction with AT, in all cases, the effect of glibenclamide consumption was greater compared to arbutin (P = 0.001). Interaction of AT with glibenclamide also increased this effect (P = 0.001). Rehabilitation exercise and arbutin may offer a solution for the treatment of diabetes. However, the effect of this treatment is less than compared to glibenclamide, which may be further improved through changing the dose of arbutin or AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviewed the effect observation and nursing measures of Tongbi exercise in relief of rheumatoid arthritis pain in a patient. The Tongbi exercise was carried out under the guidance of basic theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its procedure and precautions were highlighted. Other nursing interventions included guidance for daily living, TCM diet therapy, emotional care. Tongbi exercise is potentially effective to promote blood circulation, dredge collaterals, relieve pain and improving joint function. (本文总结1例类风湿关节炎(RA)患者行通痹操缓解关节疼痛的效果及护理措施, 包括通痹操功能锻炼的操作步骤、注意事项以及生活指导、中医食疗、情志护理等常规护理方法。通痹操具有舒经活血、通络止痛、改善关节功能的作用, 能有效减轻患者关节疼痛, 提高患者日常生活能力。)

Skeletal muscles require fitness and rehsabilitation exercises to develop. This paper presents a method to observe and evaluate the conditions of muscle extension. Based on theories about the muscles and factors that affect them during leg contraction, an electromyography (EMG) sensor was used to capture EMG signals. The signals were applied by signal processing with the wavelet packet entropy method. Not only did the experiment follow fitness rules to obtain correct EMG signal of leg extension, but the combination of inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor also verified the muscle state to distinguish the muscle between non-fatigue and fatigue. The results show the EMG changing in the non-fatigue, fatigue, and calf muscle conditions. Additionally, we created algorithms that can successfully sense a user's muscle conditions during exercise in a leg extension machine, and an evaluation of condition sensing was also conducted. This study provides proof of concept that EMG signals for the sensing of muscle fatigue. Therefore, muscle conditions can be further monitored in exercise or rehabilitation exercise. With these results and experiences, the sensing methods can be extended to other smart exercise machines in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Higher muscle echo intensity (EI) reflects higher content of fat and/or connective tissue within skeletal muscle, eventually inducing lower muscle strength, physical dysfunction, and metabolic impairment. Continuous exercise decreases muscle EI in older individuals; however, it is not well understood how several months’ rehabilitation exercise affects gradation-based EI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 months of rehabilitation exercise on gradation-based higher and lower EI in older men and women. Methods Twenty-seven men and women (7 men, 20 women; age, 75.6 ± 6.4 years; height, 154.3 ± 8.5 cm; weight, 55.8 ± 9.7 kg) participated in this study. This study was a one-group before-and-after trial. They needed long-term care for activities of daily living. They performed rehabilitation exercises consisting of resistance exercises using a hydraulic resistance machine, stretching, and aerobic exercises using a recumbent bicycle once or twice a week for 6 months. B-mode ultrasonographic transverse image was taken from thigh muscles, e.g., rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris. We calculated gradation-based cross-sectional area (CSA) from thigh muscles by dividing 256 greyscale level to 10 different components levels (e.g., 0–24, 25–49, 50–74, …, 200–224 and 225–249 a.u.). Results Lowest EI (e.g., 0–24 a.u.) CSA of thigh muscle was significantly increased after the exercise (0.3 ± 0.3 to 1.0 ± 0.8 cm2; P

Objective To explore the effect of exercise intervention for arthralgia in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Totally 80 patients with knee osteoarthritis recruited were selected as the research objects. Patients were divided into observation group (n=29) and control group(n=51). The control group was given oral administration of Glucosamine Sulfate, Jintiage Capsules and external application of diclofenac diethylamine emulsion. In the observation group, on the basis of the control group, the bone arthritis exercise was used for intervention. The disease awareness, Body Mass Index (BMI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, WOMAC score and clinical syndrome quantitative score of the two groups were observed and recorded. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, the cognitive function scores of 2 groups were significantly increased, and cognitive function score in observation group were higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 05). The VAS score, WOMAC score and clinical syndrome quantification score in two groups were significantly decreased, and lower outcomes of VAS, WOMAC and clinical syndrome quantification were found in the observation group compared with those in the control group(P＜0. 01). The overall effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). Conclusion The application of exercise intervention for arthralgia is potentially effective to increase patient’s awareness, relieve the knee pain, improve the function of the knee joint and relieve the clinical symptoms of patients. (目的 探讨“骨痹操”锻炼在膝骨关节炎患者中的应用效果。方法 选取80例膝骨关节炎患者为研究对象, 分为观察组29例和对照组51例。对照组给予口服硫酸氨基葡萄糖和金天格胶囊、外用双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂; 观察组在对照组的基础上采用“骨痹操”锻炼进行干预。观察并记录2组患者的认知度、BMI值、VAS评分、西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分及临床证候量化评分。结果 治疗12周后, 2组患者认知功能评分均增加, 且观察组的认知状况评分明显高于对照组(P＜0. 05)。2组患者VAS评分、WOMAC评分及临床证候量化评分均降低, 且观察组VAS评分、WOMAC评分和临床证候量化评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组总有效率高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 运用“骨痹操”锻炼对膝骨关节炎患者进行干预, 能明显提高患者认知度, 减轻患膝疼痛, 改善膝关节功能, 缓解患者临床症状。)