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Background: There exist multiple regulatory layers for point-of-care (POC) testing to be implemented within Australia. This qualitative analysis sought to understand the pre-market barriers and facilitators to scale-up infectious diseases POC testing in primary care settings at the national level. Methods: Key informant interviews were undertaken with people (n = 30) working in high- level positions relevant to infectious diseases POC testing in Australia. Participants were recruited from federal and state health departments, industry, and nongovernment national peak bodies. The Unitaid scalability framework informed this analysis to understand barriers and enablers to creating access conditions and establishing country readiness for market access of POC tests. Results: Participants identified regulatory frameworks as significant barriers to market access. National strategies and advocacy were viewed as potential enablers to establishing country readiness. It was recommended that the national system for universal health care should fund infectious disease POC tests to ensure financial sustainability, though the existing pathology infrastructure was regarded as a likely inhibitor. Conclusions: Current regulatory frameworks inhibit market access for infectious disease POC testing devices for use in the primary care setting. National advocacy is urgently needed to gain government support and align national policies with regulatory frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how machine learning can optimize financial risk management for non-profit organizations by evaluating various algorithms aimed at mitigating loan default risks. The findings indicate that ensemble learning models, such as random forest and LightGBM, significantly improve prediction accuracy, thereby enabling non-profits to better manage financial risk. In the context of the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis, which underscored the volatility of financial markets, this research assesses a range of risks—credit, operational, liquidity, and market risks—while exploring both traditional machine learning and advanced ensemble techniques, with a particular focus on stacking fusion to enhance model performance. Emphasizing the importance of privacy and adaptive methods, this study advocates for interdisciplinary approaches to overcome limitations such as stress testing, data analysis rule formulation, and regulatory collaboration. The research underscores machine learning's crucial role in financial risk control and calls on regulatory authorities to reassess existing frameworks to accommodate evolving risks. Additionally, it highlights the need for accurate data type identification and the potential for machine learning to strengthen financial risk management amid uncertainty, promoting interdisciplinary efforts that address broader issues like environmental sustainability and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular imaging has revolutionized the field, offering significant advancements in diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficiency. However, the complexity and opacity of AI models, particularly those involving machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), raise critical legal and ethical concerns due to their "black box" nature. This manuscript addresses these concerns by providing a comprehensive review of AI technologies in cardiovascular imaging, focusing on the challenges and implications of the black box phenomenon. We begin by outlining the foundational concepts of AI, including ML and DL, and their applications in cardiovascular imaging. The manuscript delves into the "black box" issue, highlighting the difficulty in understanding and explaining AI decision-making processes. This lack of transparency poses significant challenges for clinical acceptance and ethical deployment. The discussion then extends to the legal and ethical implications of AI's opacity. The need for explicable AI systems is underscored, with an emphasis on the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. The manuscript explores potential solutions such as explainable AI (XAI) techniques, which aim to provide insights into AI decision-making without sacrificing performance. Moreover, the impact of AI explainability on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes is examined. The manuscript argues for the development of hybrid models that combine interpretability with the advanced capabilities of black box systems. It also advocates for enhanced education and training programs for healthcare professionals to equip them with the necessary skills to utilize AI effectively. Patient involvement and informed consent are identified as critical components for the ethical deployment of AI in healthcare. Strategies for improving patient understanding and engagement with AI technologies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and education. Finally, the manuscript calls for the establishment of standardized regulatory frameworks and policies to address the unique challenges posed by AI in healthcare. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous monitoring, the medical community can ensure the responsible integration of AI into cardiovascular imaging, ultimately enhancing patient care and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive approach is essential in India's ongoing battle against air pollution, combining technological advancements, regulatory reinforcement, and widespread societal engagement. Bridging technological gaps involves deploying sophisticated pollution control technologies and addressing the rural–urban disparity through innovative solutions. The review found that integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) in air quality forecasting demonstrates promising results with a remarkable model efficiency. In this study, initially, we compute the PM2.5 concentration over India using a surface mass concentration of 5 key aerosols such as black carbon (BC), dust (DU), organic carbon (OC), sea salt (SS) and sulphates (SU), respectively. The study identifies several regions highly vulnerable to PM2.5 pollution due to specific sources. The Indo-Gangetic Plains are notably impacted by high concentrations of BC, OC, and SU resulting from anthropogenic activities. Western India experiences higher DU concentrations due to its proximity to the Sahara Desert. Additionally, certain areas in northeast India show significant contributions of OC from biogenic activities. Moreover, an AI&ML model based on convolutional autoencoder architecture underwent rigorous training, testing, and validation to forecast PM2.5 concentrations across India. The results reveal its exceptional precision in PM2.5 prediction, as demonstrated by model evaluation metrics, including a Structural Similarity Index exceeding 0.60, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio ranging from 28–30 dB and Mean Square Error below 10 μg/m3. However, regulatory challenges persist, necessitating robust frameworks and consistent enforcement mechanisms, as evidenced by the complexities in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Implementing tailored regional pollution control strategies, integrating AI&ML technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting sustainable practices, and encouraging international collaboration are essential policy measures to mitigate air pollution in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-evolving landscape of e-commerce has ushered in a paradigm shift, redefining business operations and consumer interactions. Amidst this transformation, the concept of network-neutral help behavior has emerged as a pivotal and contentious element, sparking global debates among legal scholars, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. Rooted in historical criminal law systems and resonating in innovative economies, network-neutral help behavior blurs the line between facilitation and active participation in cybercrimes. This paper delves into the multifaceted realm of network-neutral help behavior within the context of e-commerce transactions, with a specific focus on its implications in the era of Beyond-5G networks. By employing typological thinking and the Theory of Legal Interest Measurement, the study proposes a balanced approach to criminal responsibility, taking into account qualitative and quantitative changes in harm caused by cybercrimes. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, legal experts, law enforcement agencies, and technology developers, illuminating the path towards a secure and innovation-driven digital ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving field of quantum communication, the regulatory framework plays a crucial role in ensuring security, standardization, and international cooperation. This article examines various approaches employed by countries to regulate quantum communication. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively analyze and compare different international approaches to the regulation of quantum communication to identify key features characteristic of the current stage of development and regulation of quantum communication, as well as to develop recommendations for optimizing and improving regulatory governance in this area. The methodological basis of the study consisted of general scientific and special methods. A detailed study of various legal documents, strategies, and standards related to quantum communication was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, and system analysis. Among the special legal methods used was the comparative legal method, which made it possible to identify general trends, differences, and unique approaches in the regulation of quantum communication, as well as the formal-legal method for studying legal categories and legislative techniques used in various acts in the studied area. The study systematically examines legislative measures, government policies, and industry standards to determine the relationship between technological innovation and regulatory governance in the field of quantum communication. The research revealed that the regulation of quantum communication is primarily carried out at the level of strategic documents, such as national roadmaps, which contain recommendations and guidelines for regulating quantum communication. It was found that technical standards play a vital role in the development of quantum communication, with this development occurring at both national and international levels. Special groups and centers have been established for the effective implementation, development, and regulation of quantum communication, which allows for the identification of social, legal, political, and ethical issues. The main conclusions include the need to monitor administrative barriers, identify priority sectors for the implementation of quantum communication, and recognize quantum communication as a dual-use technology. It is recommended that an international certification and tracking system be created for quantum communication devices for export and import control purposes.

Abstract A comprehensive approach is essential in India's ongoing battle against air pollution, combining technological advancements, regulatory reinforcement, and widespread societal engagement. Bridging technological gaps involves deploying sophisticated pollution control technologies and addressing the rural–urban disparity through innovative solutions. The review found that integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) in air quality forecasting demonstrates promising results with a remarkable model efficiency. In this study, initially, we compute the PM2.5 concentration over India using a surface mass concentration of 5 key aerosols such as black carbon (BC), dust (DU), organic carbon (OC), sea salt (SS) and sulphates (SU), respectively. The study identifies several regions highly vulnerable to PM2.5 pollution due to specific sources. The Indo-Gangetic Plains are notably impacted by high concentrations of BC, OC, and SU resulting from anthropogenic activities. Western India experiences higher DU concentrations due to its proximity to the Sahara Desert. Additionally, certain areas in northeast India show significant contributions of OC from biogenic activities. Moreover, an AI&ML model based on convolutional autoencoder architecture underwent rigorous training, testing, and validation to forecast PM2.5 concentrations across India. The results reveal its exceptional precision in PM2.5 prediction, as demonstrated by model evaluation metrics, including a Structural Similarity Index exceeding 0.60, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio ranging from 28–30 dB and Mean Square Error below 10 μg/m3. However, regulatory challenges persist, necessitating robust frameworks and consistent enforcement mechanisms, as evidenced by the complexities in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. Implementing tailored regional pollution control strategies, integrating AI&ML technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting sustainable practices, and encouraging international collaboration are essential policy measures to mitigate air pollution in India.

Genome editing, mainly CRISPR/Cas9, has been revolutionizing agricultural biotechnology through precise modifications to plant and animal genomes. This review highlights advancements in research and regulatory development of genome editing across Latin America. The region has seen substantial progress in building a regulatory framework to adopt genome editing technologies that enhance crop yield, nutritional content, and resistance to pests and diseases, as well as address critical challenges such as food insecurity and climate change. The article discusses the evolution of regulatory frameworks in various Latin American countries and their trends toward using foreign genetic material to determine regulatory oversight. Argentina pioneered this approach, followed by Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Honduras, and Guatemala. Recent updates from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Colombia reflect a similar rationale to balance innovation with safety and compliance with international standards. Regional examples of genome editing demonstrate the potential to improve crop quality and sustainability of coffee, rice, cacao, beans, and potatoes. Public perception and acceptance of genome editing are also explored, with surveys indicating strong support for regulatory measures in Costa Rica. The article further explores public perception and acceptance of genome editing indicating strong support for regulation in Costa Rica. The review underscores the importance of continued research, public engagement, and international cooperation that foster responsible development of genome-editing technologies in Latin America. Key message: Genome editing advances in Latin America showcase regulatory progress and public support, empowering agricultural innovation to boost crop resilience, yield, and sustainability, while addressing food security and climate challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper scrutinises the evolving digital security landscape, encompassing technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and industry-specific challenges. It explores the influence of technologies like AI, quantum computing, and blockchain on security paradigms whilst identifying emergent threats. The study analyses the interplay between digital security and legislative policies, underlining their impact on industry practices and individual behaviours. Sector-specific examinations are conducted, pinpointing unique security concerns in sectors such as healthcare and finance and advocating bespoke solutions. The study highlights discrepancies between security intentions and actions, proposing strategies to bridge this divide. Projecting into the future, we anticipate shifts in technology and regulation, culminating in pragmatic recommendations for stakeholders. This article offers an informed perspective on digital security, laying the groundwork for proactive approaches in a dynamic digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of adopting IFRS on economic growth and further development in the Arab Gulf countries, with a particular focus on Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain. It, therefore, answers the research question of how IFRS adoption affects financial transparency, regulatory frameworks, and economic stability in general in oil-dependent economies. Using data from 2010 to 2020, the research uses regression models to test the influence of IFRS adoption on several key economic indicators. The results, thus, indicate that the adoption of IFRS considerably increases the level of transparency and, hence, enables the inflow of FDI as well, therefore ensuring economic growth. This result also sheds light on the critical roles that regulatory solid frameworks and political stability play in amplifying the benefits of IFRS adoption. However, family-based and state-owned enterprises' resistance to increased demands for transparency is an issue that would provide a challenge. Implications for policy will be such that comprehensive reforms will be required with the countries' regulatory frameworks, including more transparency and fitting the IFRS guidelines into local business practice and the cultural context. Future studies should also underscore sector-wise impact and go deeper into how cultural and institutional factors impact the effectiveness of implementing IFRS in the Arab Gulf region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumption of commercial probiotics for health improvement and disease treatment has increased in popularity among the public in recent years. The local shops and pharmacies are brimming with various probiotic products such as probiotic food, dietary supplement and pharmaceuticals that herald a range of health benefits, from nutraceutical benefits to pharmaceutical effects. However, although the probiotic market is expanding rapidly, there is increasing evidence challenging it. Emerging insights from microbiome research and public health demonstrate several potential limitations of the natural properties, regulatory frameworks, and market consequences of commercial probiotics. In this review, we highlight the potential safety and performance issues of the natural properties of commercial probiotics, from the genetic level to trait characteristics and probiotic properties and further to the probiotic-host interaction. Besides, the diverse regulatory frameworks and confusing probiotic guidelines worldwide have led to product consequences such as pathogenic contamination, overstated claims, inaccurate labeling and counterfeit trademarks for probiotic products. Here, we propose a plethora of available methods and strategies related to strain selection and modification, safety and efficacy assessment, and some recommendations for regulatory agencies to address these limitations to guarantee sustainability and progress in the probiotic industry and improve long-term public health and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic accounting has emerged as a critical discipline in combating financial fraud, leveraging advanced analytical tools to detect and prevent malpractices in complex financial systems. This paper examines the evolving role of forensic accounting in fraud detection, highlighting how advanced analytics, such as data mining, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), are revolutionizing traditional investigative methods. It discusses the growing reliance on predictive models, real-time data analysis, and blockchain technology to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of fraud investigations. The paper explores key applications of forensic accounting, including fraud risk assessments, litigation support, and compliance monitoring, with an emphasis on their effectiveness in diverse industries. Furthermore, the integration of forensic accounting techniques with emerging technologies, such as natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis, is evaluated for its potential to uncover patterns of financial misconduct. Ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and the challenges of implementing advanced analytics in forensic accounting practices are also addressed. These include data privacy concerns, the interpretability of AI-driven models, and the skills gap among practitioners. The study highlights best practices and emerging trends in the field, aiming to equip stakeholders with insights into the transformative potential of forensic accounting. This paper underscores the need for continuous innovation in forensic tools and methodologies to address the growing sophistication of financial fraud. It advocates for cross-disciplinary collaboration and enhanced training programs to prepare forensic accountants for a technologydriven future, ensuring robust financial governance and integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Financial Technology (FinTech) has profoundly reshaped global financial services and markets, introducing innovative solutions that enhance accessibility, efficiency, and security. This paper explores the transformative role of FinTech in revolutionizing traditional financial systems, focusing on key advancements such as digital payments, peer-to-peer lending, blockchain, robo-advisors, and decentralized finance (DeFi). The integration of these technologies into financial services has empowered consumers with greater financial inclusion, enabling access to banking services in underserved regions, improving the efficiency of cross-border transactions, and offering personalized financial products tailored to individual needs. Additionally, FinTech's role in improving market transparency, reducing transaction costs, and fostering financial innovation is discussed. Despite its numerous advantages, the rapid growth of FinTech presents significant risks. The study highlights challenges related to cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and data privacy. The decentralized nature of many FinTech innovations also raises concerns about consumer protection and the potential for financial instability. Regulatory bodies face difficulties in adapting to the fast-paced development of FinTech, which may result in gaps in oversight and increased exposure to fraud and financial crime. Furthermore, the reliance on digital platforms heightens the risk of exclusion for individuals without access to the necessary technology or digital literacy. By synthesizing existing literature and current trends, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and risks associated with FinTech. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for mitigating these risks, emphasizing the importance of regulatory frameworks, cross-sector collaboration, and the need for continuous innovation to balance the benefits and challenges of FinTech in reshaping global financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in predictive health diagnostics, highlighting recent innovations, practical applications, and ethical considerations shaping modern healthcare. As the healthcare landscape increasingly integrates AI technologies, predictive analytics emerges as a critical tool for improving patient outcomes and operational efficiency. We examine various AI-driven diagnostic approaches, including machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, which enhance early disease detection, risk assessment, and personalized treatment plans. The paper showcases case studies demonstrating successful AI implementations in diverse medical fields such as oncology, cardiology, and primary care, illustrating how predictive health diagnostics can lead to timely interventions and better management of chronic diseases. Despite the promising advancements, ethical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the implications of AI decision-making in clinical settings, warrant thorough examination. This paper emphasizes the necessity of establishing robust ethical frameworks and regulatory guidelines to ensure the responsible deployment of AI technologies in healthcare. We advocate for a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, data scientists, and ethicists to address these challenges effectively. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of AI in predictive health diagnostics, fostering informed discussions about its future directions and potential societal impact. By bridging the gap between technological advancements and ethical practices, we seek to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of AI in enhancing health diagnostics and improving patient care in an increasingly complex healthcare environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enforcing environmental laws is crucial for developing nations to address the growing issues related to environmental degradation. These nations typically have robust legal systems in place, but enforcement is typically hampered by institutional weaknesses, a lack of resources, and sociopolitical constraints. This study looks into potential ways to improve these mechanisms as well as the barriers that prevent environmental laws from being enforced. The primary goals are to analyze the institutional impediments to enforcement, appraise the efficacy of regulatory bodies, and pinpoint methods for enhancing environmental governance via global collaboration, community involvement, and technological application. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data. A sample of 231 people participated in the study, including representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in developing countries, legislators, industry stakeholders, and environmental regulators. Structured interviews, surveys, a thorough examination of environmental policies, and case studies involving law enforcement were all used to gather data. The analysis sought to identify the main obstacles and opportunities for enhancing enforcement procedures. The research is divided up into multiple sections. The introduction reviews the current situation in developing nations and emphasizes the significance of upholding environmental laws. The institutional, legal, and socioeconomic obstacles that obstruct enforcement efforts are examined in the following sections. The function of nongovernmental organizations and international organizations is also covered, along with the advantages of technological advancements and community involvement. Important conclusions show that even though there are environmental laws, their enforcement is frequently hampered by a lack of technical know-how, inadequate funding, and corruption. The study does, however, also point out areas of opportunity, including strengthening legal frameworks, utilizing foreign aid, and encouraging public participation and awareness. The study's conclusion highlights the necessity of thorough reforms, enhanced institutional capability, and greater cooperation between governments and civil society in order to effectively enforce environmental laws and promote sustainable development in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article delves into the multifaceted landscape of corporate governance in India, tracing its evolution, examining the current regulatory frameworks, and exploring the challenges and opportunities presented by technological advancements. The study is motivated by the need to understand how corporate governance practices have adapted to the dynamic economic environment in India and to identify strategies for mitigating governance-related risks, particularly in the wake of high-profile corporate frauds that have underscored governance failures. Employing a comprehensive methodology that combines literature review, legal and regulatory analysis, and comparative studies, this article gives an in-depth examination of the definitions, principles, and theoretical underpinnings of corporate governance. It highlights the significant milestones in the development of corporate governance in India, including legislative reforms and regulatory changes aimed at enhancing transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement. The research further investigates the specific governance issues illuminated by various corporate scandals in India, pinpointing failures in transparency, board oversight, internal controls, and ethical standards. It assesses the impact of these scandals on regulatory practices and the broader corporate governance landscape. A noteworthy focus of the article is on the role of developing technologies--like data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain-in transforming corporate governance practices. The study explores how these technologies can address traditional governance challenges by enhancing transparency, improving risk management, and facilitating more effective compliance monitoring. The article provides recommendations for strengthening India's corporate governance framework, emphasizing enhanced regulatory oversight, best practices in board management, ethical corporate culture, and strategic technology utilization to prevent fraud and foster sustainable success. It contributes to the ongoing discourse on governance practices in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the multidimensional security and privacy issues in mobile banking within Qatar through semistructured interviews with seven key industry participants, including representatives from the Qatari Central Bank, cybersecurity specialists, bankers, a mobile banking technology provider, and an academic expert in digital security. Using thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke's framework, the study identifies key themes: regulatory challenges, technological vulnerabilities, user behavior and education, and future trends in mobile banking security. The findings reveal the necessity for continuous enhancement of regulatory frameworks, adoption of advanced technological solutions, comprehensive user education programs, and a balanced approach to security and user experience. The study provides valuable insights into the current landscape and future directions for mobile banking security in Qatar, highlighting the importance of a proactive, collaborative approach to safeguarding against cyber threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable finance has emerged as a critical paradigm for addressing environmental and social challenges while fostering economic growth. Among various financial instruments, green bonds have gained prominence as a viable means to mobilize capital for environmentally sustainable projects. This paper examines the role of green bonds in driving Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investments, highlighting their significance in promoting sustainable development. By providing a comprehensive overview of green bond mechanisms, this study explores their potential to attract institutional and retail investors who prioritize sustainability in their portfolios. The research employs a systematic literature review and an analysis of recent market trends to identify key factors contributing to the growth of green bonds. It discusses the regulatory frameworks and standards that govern green bond issuance, emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability in building investor trust. The findings reveal that green bonds not only facilitate funding for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable infrastructure projects but also enhance the overall market appeal of ESG investments. Moreover, this paper investigates the challenges associated with green bond markets, such as the risk of greenwashing and the need for standardized definitions and metrics to evaluate the environmental impact of projects. The study concludes that while green bonds represent a significant opportunity for driving ESG investments, stakeholders must collaborate to address existing barriers and enhance the credibility of the market. By fostering a robust ecosystem for green finance, green bonds can play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable development goals and transitioning towards a low-carbon economy. This research underscores the importance of integrating sustainability considerations into financial decision-making processes to achieve long-term positive outcomes for society and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary consumer of natural resources is the construction industry. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess the factors influencing circular economy practices in building construction projects in Ondo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveals that economic factors, such as cost-effectiveness (mean = 3.61) and financial viability (mean = 4.11), emerged as primary drivers for adopting CE practices. However, regulatory frameworks were found lacking in promoting CE principles (mean = 1.95). While technological factors like advanced technology usage scored low (mean = 2.29), the employment of innovative technologies for material repurposing was higher (mean = 3.92). Organizational commitment to integrating CE principles received a moderate score (mean = 3.23). The study recommended the need for improved regulatory support, stronger economic incentives, enhanced technological integration, and increased organizational and community engagement to effectively foster CE practices in the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, necessitating innovative solutions to protect these interconnected systems. This paper explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on cybersecurity within the context of IoT. By examining AI's role in enhancing threat detection, predictive analytics, and overall security protocols, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of how AI can transform IoT cybersecurity. This study highlights key findings, discusses their implications, and offers recommendations for future advancements in the field. Furthermore, the study addresses the limitations and potential risks associated with integrating AI into cybersecurity measures, including concerns related to AI-driven false positives and the evolving nature of cyber threats. By integrating case studies and real-world examples, this paper aims to bridge the gap between theoretical insights and practical applications, ultimately guiding industry professionals towards more resilient and adaptive security strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various regional and international standards have been developed to measure the environmental impacts of transportation fuels and minimize greenwashing and misinformation regarding their sustainability. These frameworks offer standardized methods and calculation guidelines for fuel producers to be able to verify compliance with predefined sustainability criteria and to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. However, significant inconsistencies exist among these standards in terms of methods, calculation rules, and default values assigned to specific fuels. This study reviews and analyses five fuel standards, namely the European Renewable Energy Directive, the United Nation’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard, the United States Renewable Fuel Standard, and the UK Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation. A qualitative analysis of the different schemes’ methods identified several discrepancies. These were found to be primarily related to the modelling approach used, the burdens and credits arising from different feedstock types and co-products, and the modelling of electricity and land use changes. An example of this is that different standards provide credits for certain waste types, such as animal manure in the RED and RTFO, or municipal solid waste in CORSIA. In addition to the qualitative analysis, the carbon intensity was calculated – according to the rules set out by these frameworks – for case studies of eight fuel types, including biofuels and electrolysis-based fuels. These calculations further highlighted how the use of different fuel standards can lead to conflicting assessments of a fuel’s environmental impact. Overall, our findings demonstrate substantial variations in the methods and calculation rules prescribed by the five standards, often resulting in markedly different carbon intensity scores for the same fuel. Based on this analysis, we propose specific changes to the calculation rules to enhance harmonization and improve the accuracy in reflecting the environmental consequences of fuel production and use. These recommendations include that indirect land use changes are always included, and more transparency regarding the methods for calculating the fuel carbon footprint.

Genome editing and gene drive technologies are increasingly gaining attraction in Africa, with researchers exploring their potential applications in agriculture, health and the environment. Acknowledging that robust regulatory frameworks are crucial in facilitating the development and utilization of these technologies, informed decision-making is, however, being impeded by the fragmented information availability and readiness of regulatory authorities on the continent.ObjectivesThis study investigates the regulatory frameworks governing genome editing and gene drive technologies in African countries, identifies common regulatory challenges and proposes actionable solutions.MethodsPrimary data were collected through questionnaires and complemented by analysing existing biosafety regulations from online databases and scientific literature.ResultsOur findings suggest that while a few African countries have recently updated their regulatory frameworks, many are still under discussion. Challenges to development and implementation include limited resources, expertise, awareness, and public resistance.ConclusionThe findings underscore the urgent need for further development in regulatory capacities. By shedding light on these challenges, our study could provide African regulators with valuable insights to guide the formulation of effective regulatory frameworks. Such frameworks are essential for harnessing the potential of genome editing and gene drive technologies while safeguarding human health and the environment in Africa.

Heavy metals pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. In Thailand, rapid industrialization, extensive agriculture, and urban development have exacerbated heavy metal pollution in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, evaluates study designs and methodologies to assess heavy metal bioaccumulation in Thai fauna, with a focus on ecological and health impacts. The review reveals that fish, particularly from families like Cyprinidae and Cichlidae, account for 42.11 % of studies, with species such as swamp eel, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Arius maculatus, Osteogeneiosus militaris, Puntioplites proctozystron, and Channa striata showing significant bioaccumulation. Molluscs (31.58 %), including Tegillarca granosa and Filopaludina martensi, serve as critical bioindicators of aquatic pollution due to their filter-feeding habits. Amphibians and crustaceans, like Fejervarya limnocharis and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, also demonstrate vulnerability to heavy metal contamination. Key contamination hotspots include urban waterways in Bangkok, industrial discharges in Songkhla Lake, and mining sites in Loei Province, highlighting widespread environmental and health impacts. Despite extensive research, gaps remain, particularly concerning benthic scavengers and detritivores, which are vital for ecosystem functions. The review underscores the need for targeted monitoring and mitigation, including stricter regulations on industrial discharges, improved waste treatment, and better management of agricultural runoff. While metals like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are well-studied, further research on less-examined metals and species-specific bioaccumulation patterns is crucial to enhancing environmental management, supporting biodiversity conservation, and improving ecosystem resilience in Thailand.

The first point of contact for patients and families seeking professional help for health problems is often in nonspecialist community healthcare settings that vary widely across the countries in funding sources, resources and support from specialist services. They typically involve general practitioners, family physicians, general and community paediatricians, and nonphysician health workers such as nurses, social workers and public health professionals. This article discusses the role of nonspecialists in addressing the challenges of limited resources in Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) care services as healthcare systems struggle to meet the high demand. Stakeholders and decision‐makers need to reconsider traditional healthcare models and service delivery. Integrating nonspecialist community care can be a potential solution but is beset with ethical, geopolitical, practical and economic challenges. The urgency and complexity of the issue are highlighted, emphasising the need for global discussion around CAMH care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAmong the many verticals in India’s rich kaleidoscope of tourism services, agritourism offers a vivid rural experience to tourists. National and state-level tourism policies focused on agritourism play a pivotal role in its performance enhancement. Despite its potential, the country needs a foundational framework through a National Tourism Policy. This missing link encouraged us to conduct a scoping review to synthesize and understand policy interventions in India aimed at promoting agritourism by following the guidelines espoused by Arksey and O’Malley. Individual policies of India’s states and union territories were synthesized to understand the significance of agritourism in the region. We also searched for scientific articles on Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar that focused on agritourism development through policy dimensions and regulatory frameworks. The results are presented through the lens of Carol Bacchi's framework. In the final review, 23 documents were included. Our findings reflect an urgent need to develop and implement policies that define strategic and financial support to encourage farmers to take up agritourism on their land. In addition, the development of agritourism policies must be followed by implementation and monitoring through definitive institutional mechanisms.

Nanomaterials (NMs) are having a huge impact in several domains, including the fabrication of medical devices (MDs). Hence, nanostructured MDs are becoming quite common; nevertheless, the associated risks must be carefully considered in order to demonstrate safety prior to their immission on the market. The biological effect of NMs requires the consideration of methodological issues since already established methods for, e.g., cytotoxicity can be subject to a loss of accuracy in the presence of certain NMs. The need for oversight of MDs containing NMs is reflected by the European Regulation 2017/745 on MDs, which states that MDs incorporating or consisting of NMs are in class III, at highest risk, unless the NM is encapsulated or bound in such a manner that the potential for its internal exposure is low or negligible (Rule 19). This study addresses the role of NMs in medical devices, highlighting the current applications and considering the regulatory requirements of such products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is the transformative impact of digital platforms on traditional market structures. Qualitative research is used to gain a deep understanding of how traditional market structures are impacted by digital platforms. Interviews with eight participants highlight the shift towards gig and freelance work, the erosion of traditional employment protections, and the emergence of new business models facilitated by technological advancements. The study adopted thematic analysis to analyze the collected data. The study reveals that digital platforms have significantly lowered barriers to market entry and fostered economic inclusion. As a result, the initial costs of starting a business have significantly decreased. However, they have also introduced complexities surrounding labor rights and necessitated a re-evaluation of regulatory frameworks to address monopolistic practices and ensure fair competition. This is due to the lack of labor regulations protection for freelance workers compared to traditional employment. The study stresses the need for agile, forward-looking, and internationally coordinated regulatory approaches to effectively govern digital platforms, balancing innovation with the protection of consumer and worker rights. Such an approach should aim to address the current challenges but also anticipate future developments by ensuring that regulations evolve in tandem with technological advancements without stifling innovation. Furthermore, fostering technological literacy among lawmakers, adopting adaptive regulatory frameworks, and ensuring the inclusion of diverse perspectives are crucial steps towards achieving effective governance of digital technologies. The findings contribute to the ongoing dialogue on digital governance, offering insights for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders in crafting regulations that harness the benefits of digital platforms while mitigating their negative impacts on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]