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Background and Aim: The recent review of research conducted in the field of air pollution and sports shows that there is a serious impact of air pollutants as well as the new pollutant of dust particles, and it is imperative to pay attention to this issue. This research aims to investigate the effect of regular exercise on lung function and amino acid arginine-alanine in traffic police of the provinces affected by dust particles in Iran. Methods: Forty traffic police officers (age: 23.62 ± 6.4 years; body mass index: 27.44 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were voluntarily selected from the centers of Khuzestan, Ilam, and Kermanshah provinces and randomly assigned to two control and regular physical activity groups. Regular physical activity included: 30 sessions, circuit training three times a week including hanging from the chin up (20 seconds), jumping over obstacles (knee height) at a distance of one meter for a total of 540 cm, Sit-ups (30 seconds), chest press (70% 1RM-8 repetitions), leg press (70% 1RM -8 repetitions), back extension (15 repetitions), calf raise (70% 1RM -8 repetitions), zigzag jump (20 repetitions), six to ten reputation Illinois Agility Test with a 30-second rest interval. Before the study, 48 hours before the occurrence of dust particles, and after the study fat percentage, amino acids, WBC, and FEV1/FVC were measured. To examine the research data, we used the mean and standard deviation as well as repeated analysis of variance (P ≥0.05). Results: It was found that time (pre-test-May 12, 2023) had a significant effect on amino acids argininealanine, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage, and FEV1/FVC in the training group (P <0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the amino acid arginine-alanine, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage, or FEV1/FVC (P >0.05). However, the effect of time was present in the control group only for white blood cells (P <0.001). In terms of body fat percentage, there was a significant difference between the control and exercise groups (P = 0.01), as well as maximum oxygen consumption (P = 0.01). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that regular exercise training can improve lung function, aerobic fitness, body fat percentage, and levels of amino acids involved in the immune system, as well as increase muscle mass and anti-inflammatory effects that reduce dust particle damage in those exposed to dust particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) may prevent depressive symptoms, however, PA fluctuations may have different effects. Using three waves of nationally representative data, this study aimed to examine the effects of PA fluctuations on depressive symptoms. Participants comprised 7633 adults free of depressive symptoms at the first two waves (M age = 45.26, 54.70 % males). They completed the China Family Panel Study in 2016 (T1), 2018 (T2), and 2020 (T3), respectively. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES–D) scale using a cutoff of 16. Participants' PA levels were split into regular PA or infrequent PA groups. Changes in PA levels between T1 and T2 were classified into four groups: maintained infrequent PA, initiated regular PA, ceased regular PA, and persisted regular PA. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 20.22 % (19.05 % possible and 1.17 % severe depression). After multivariate adjustment, Poisson regression showed that persistent regular PA had 17.8 % (95 % CI: 0.724, 0.934) lower risks of incident depressive symptoms compared to maintained infrequent PA. And adults who ceased regular PA were more likely to experience depressive symptoms than those who persisted in regular PA (RR = 1.188, 95 % CI: 1.010, 1.398). All items were self-reported. CES–D only examined self-diagnosed depressive symptoms, not medical diagnoses. Adults who persisted in regular PA may have a lower possibility of developing depressive symptoms. The finding might serve as an empirical reference to depression prevention. • The incidence of depressive symptoms was 20.22 % (19.05 % possible and 1.17 % severe depression). • 31.55 % of adults in China changed their PA levels over a two-year period. • Persistent regular PA has lower incidence of depressive symptoms than maintenance infrequent PA. • Ceasing regular PA has higher incidence of depressive symptoms than persistent adults. • Initiating regular PA has no statistically significant antidepressant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of frequency of such a deviation in the state of health among students as myopia, which develops more often in young people with a large visual load and poor physical development. Based on the available literature data, the results of the previous studies and many years of personal practical experience, the authors believe that in the conditions of the university, the most accessible and really effective way to prevent the onset and progression of myopia is to convince all students of the need to regularly perform long running loads of low intensity. Long running increases not only the level of physical performance, but also strengthens all the connective tissue formations of the body, which include the eye.

Circadian rhythm (CR) is an intrinsic process that changes in a cycle of approximately 24h/day to maintain body homeostasis. It is mainly controlled by the central command through the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and modern society features can disturb the central CR, contributing to various diseases. Recent studies have provided evidence that extrinsic factors, such as regular physical activity (RPA) and timerestricted feeding (TRF), can also alter the CR peripherally, emphasizing RPA and TRF as the non-therapeutic methods for circadian misalignment (CM). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the regulatory mechanism of CR and summarizes the relationships between CM and various diseases. In addition, by reviewing studies investigating the prevention or improvement of CM via RPA and TRF, the value of circadian biology research that can directly affect health, physical function, and lifespan is summarized. By introducing the scientific evidence for RPA and TRF to maintain and improve CR, we tried to emphasize the importance of regular exercise and healthy eating habits to people in the modern world who have difficulty maintaining CR.

Regular physical activity (PA) has been suggested as effective disease preventable strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Depression often precedes PD but whether PA also would reduce the risk of PD in patients with depression has not been known. The aim of study is to examine the association of regular PA with risk of PD among patients with depressive disorder. A total of 1,342,282 patients with depressive disorder were identified from a nationwide health screening cohort from 2010 to 2016. The exposure was changes in pattern of regular PA between pre-and post-diagnosis of depressive disorder, categorized as four groups; 1) no PA, 2) increased PA, 3) decreased PA, and 4) maintaining PA. The outcome was risk of incident PD, calculated using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions according to the PA categorization. Total of 8901 PD cases (0.66%) were developed during 5.3 years of follow-up period. Maintaining PA group was associated with the lowest risk of PD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) among all other PA groups with depressive disorder (with no PA group as reference). Otherwise, decreased PA group significantly increased the risk of PD (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.16). Those who maintained PA before and after diagnosis of depressive disorder were associated with lower risk of incident PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to determine sleep habits and life qualities of intellectually disabled children who performed or did not perform regular physical activity. Methods:This descriptive study was done with 126 children between February and June 2017. The data were collected by using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Short Form and KIDSCREEN-27. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS package software. The descriptive properties of demographic characteristics are given as percentiles and means. Chi-squared test was used for the comparison of two groups. Independent paired-sample t-test was used to compare intergroup measures. The confidence interval was 95%; p

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the variables that predict whether WHO's global recommendation for physical activity (PA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic can be met among adults. Material and Methods: A total of 921 adults voluntarily participated in this study. A demographic information form and the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for Turkish people were administered by self-report. The participants were also asked whether they regularly do PA and if the duration of PA is over 150 minutes. Results: The number of adults doing regular PA at the level recommended by WHO significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rate of not doing regular PA significantly increased compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05). Variables that reduce the likelihood of doing regular PA at the recommended level include being male, being under 45 years old, being married, having high school education or below, having a moderate and low-income, having a high BMI, and having a high recreational sedentary screen time (RSST) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The results of this study provide a priori information for implementations aimed at improving the recommended PA level for adults during social isolation or lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the variables that predict whether WHO's global recommendation for physical activity (PA) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic can be met among adults. Material and Methods: A total of 921 adults voluntarily participated in this study. A demographic information form and the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for Turkish people were administered by self-report. The participants were also asked whether they regularly do PA and if the duration of PA is over 150 minutes. Results: The number of adults doing regular PA at the level recommended by WHO significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rate of not doing regular PA significantly increased compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (p

Objective: This study was conducted to determine sleep habits and life qualities of intellectually disabled children who performed or did not perform regular physical activity. Methods: This descriptive study was done with 126 children between February and June 2017. The data were collected by using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Short Form and KIDSCREEN-27. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS package software. The descriptive properties of demographic characteristics are given as percentiles and means. Chi-squared test was used for the comparison of two groups. Independent paired-sample t-test was used to compare intergroup measures. The confidence interval was 95%; p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The children with regular physical activity obtained lower score from Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Short Form. It was found that the children who did not engage regular physical activity, obtained a lower score from KIDSCREEN-27 and its subscales than the children who engaged regular physical activity. The differences between the two groups in terms of general mood and mean scores of your child's feeling, friends, school and learning subscales were also found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: A significant difference in sleep patterns and sleep habits was not found between groups. It was found that intellectually disabled children who engaged regular physical activity had better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Purpose: In adolescence, people's attitude toward obstacles and benefits of participation in physical activities is considered an influencing factor on their decisions to participate in a regular health-oriented activity. This research aimed to measure the level of Mashhad's first-grade high school students' participation in sports and investigate the psychological factors effective in their participation and withdrawal from sports. Methodology: This research was conducted on 386 male and female first-grade high school students (13 to 15 years old) of Mashhad city in the academic year of 2017-2018. The participants were selected based on a staged cluster randomization method. The tools used in this study were a self-report, children's attitude toward physical activity questionnaire (Schutz et al., 1985), and the leisure constraints scale developed by Carroll and Alexandris (1997). Results: The results revealed that 75 percent of the participating students were active and 25 percent were inactive. Furthermore, the major obstacles to not participating in physical activity were related to personal obstacles (lack of time, lack of interest, fear of injury, and fatigue), environmental obstacles (lack of facilities and inappropriate educational spaces), social obstacles (lack of accompanying, lack of family support, and social pressure), and internal factors (preparation and physical health, pleasure and interest, mental health, and entertainment) are the primary reasons, and external factors (being with friends, finding new friends, social growth, and competition) are the secondary reasons for participating in physical activities in adolescents. Conclusion: According to the sports experience obtained from the subjects of this study, almost 66% of active participants had more than 3 years of experience in sports. In addition to their sports activities at school, the subjects have also participated in sports programs outside of school for an average of more than 3 hours per week. According to the results, boys participated in sports about 10% more than girls. Therefore, the findings of this study can be a way to reflect on and think about promoting youth sports in order to achieve a dynamic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced stroke risk. However, this relationship might be attenuated in the presence of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use. We examined the dose-response relationship between physical activity and stroke in normotensive and hypertensive individuals., Methods: A Dutch population-based cohort including 139 930 individuals (41% men; mean age, 44±13) was performed (median follow-up, 6.75 years). Participants were stratified at baseline as hypertensive (44%) or normotensive (56%) and categorized into quartiles of the lowest (Q1) to the highest (Q4) moderate-to-vigorous, self-reported physical activity. The primary outcome was incident stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Cox regression estimated hazard ratios and 95% CIs. The main analyses were stratified on baseline blood pressure and adjusted for confounders. Hypertensives were stratified into medicated (21%) or non-medicated (79%)., Results: Compared with Q1, adjusted hazard ratios were 0.87 (0.69-1.10; P =0.23), 0.75 (0.59-0.95; P =0.02), and 0.94 (0.74-1.20; P =0.64) for Q2 to Q4, respectively in the total population. Hazard ratios for normotensives were 0.79 (0.50-1.25; P =0.32), 0.75 (0.48-1.18; P =0.22), 0.97 (0.62-1.51; P =0.90) for Q2 to Q4, respectively. In hypertensives, hazard ratios were 0.89 (0.68-1.17; P =0.41), 0.74 (0.56-0.98; P =0.03), 0.92 (0.69-1.23; P =0.56) for Q2 to Q4, respectively. There was no significant interaction between hypertension status for the relation between physical activity and stroke risk. The stratified analysis revealed a smaller benefit of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in medicated hypertensives compared with nonmedicated hypertensives, but no significant interaction effect was found., Conclusions: Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is beneficial for stroke risk reduction (Q3 compared with Q1), which is not affected by hypertension. Antihypertensive medication may be associated with a smaller benefit of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on the risk of stroke, but further research is warranted., Competing Interests: None.

If regular physical activity can be packaged into a pill, it will be the commonest drug on the counter. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and physical activity pattern of civil servants in Ilorin south Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey method was used for this study. The population for this study comprised civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage probability sampling technique was conducted to select 259 respondents. Adapted GPAQ was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability. A correlation co-efficient of 0.84 was obtained through test re-test method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Socio-demographic data of the respondents was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and to answer the research questions; inferential statistics of Pearson’s Product Movement Correlation (PPMC), One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 significance. It was concluded in the study that there is significant relationship on Knowledge and pattern of physical activity of civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government Kwara State among others. Recommendation this study; experts in the field of physical activity and fitness in conjunction with the management of various ministries and commissions in the study locale should organise workshops and seminars to improve the knowledge of the civil servants on the benefits of regular participation in physical activity. Also, an official hour should be earmarked for staff to encourage participation by all.

Cardiac interoception, the ability to sense and process cardiac afferent signals, has been shown to improve after a single session of acute physical exercise. However, it remains unclear whether repetitive engagement in physical exercise over time leads to long-term changes in cardiac interoceptive accuracy. It is also unknown whether those changes affect the neural activity associated with the processing of afferent cardiac signals, assessed by the heart-evoked potential (HEP). In this study, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis through two cross-sectional studies, categorizing participants as active or inactive based on physical fitness (Study I; N = 45) or self-reported physical activity levels (Study II; N = 60). Interoception was assessed at rest using the HEP (Studies I and II), the Heartbeat Counting task (Study II), and the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) (Study II). Study I showed strong evidence of better cardiovascular fitness in the active group than in the inactive group as well as robust between-group differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Study 2 replicated the clear differences in ECG as a function of regular physical activity. Those results were expected due to clear differences in physical activity habits. In contrast, our analysis revealed no robust differences between groups across cardiac interoception tasks and the RHI, although the direct relevance of these measures to interoception remains under investigation. In sum, our results do not provide convincing evidence to support a strong version of the notion that regular physical exercise is associated with an enhanced in cardiac interoception. • Exercise did not significantly correlate with cardiac interoception measures (HEP, HBC, RHI). • ECG readings showed notable variances between high-fit and low-fit individuals, aligning with prior research. • Results suggest exercise may not significantly enhance cardiac interoception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hypertonia és Nephrologia is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The question on the need to perform homework on physical education for students in the form of additional physical activity is considered in the article. The problem of motor activity lack is studied and a solution presented in the form of certain exercises set in order to accustom the student to regular physical activity is found. The positive and negative aspects of this innovation are considered. Method of research. To confirm the theoretical assumption about the benefits of doing homework, a study that lasted for three months was conducted. The study engaged 60 students (30 young males and 30 young females) aged 17-19 years, in which they were divided equally by gender into 2 groups – control (CG) and experimental (EG). The results of the study. As a result of experiment, after doing homework for 3 months, improvements in student’s physical qualities in the experimental group could be observed. Among them: strength, endurance, flexibility, dexterity, speed and coordination of movements. It is concluded that due to physical exercises performed independently at home, the blood supply to the muscles and regulation of their activity by the nervous system improves – muscle mass increases, the immune system strengthens and, consequently, health improves, endorphins are produced in the body, so students feel better after training. Also, training the muscular system increases endurance in conditions of both physical and mental stress, thanks to an active lifestyle, the body's metabolic rate remains at a high level for long time, which prevents aging. Regular exercise makes it easier to fall asleep and improves the quality of sleep.

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the entire world and mandatory restrictions have increased mental health problems. This descriptive study aimed to examine the impact of loneliness, anger, and regular physical activity on mental health and investigate their interaction with regular physical activity. The universe of the study was people who lived in Kırşehir, Turkey, 560 people participated via stratified sampling. Data of the study were collected through socio-demographic information form, General Health Questionnaire-12, UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, and Trait Anger Scale in March 2021. In the data analysis, the seven-way mixed-factor (ANOVA) variance analysis of such groups as regular physical activity, gender, loneliness, anger, body mass index, and educational status was compared in terms of GHQ-12 total score and the interaction effect of physical activity with each of other six independent variables were examined. The study found a statistically significant difference between physical activity groups, loneliness groups, anger groups, and age groups in terms of GHQ-12 total score, and there was no interaction effect among these variables. According to these results, it can be said that age, loneliness, anger, and regular physical activity are effective on mental distress, and it is suggested that advanced studies are conducted to examine mental distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether additional reminders could enhance adherence to a 12-week program consisting of regular physical activity. Methods: The study collective consisted of pensioners insured with the Austrian Insurance Fund for Civil or Public Servants. They were made aware of our program through the public service union. The subjects were randomized to an intervention group (group A) that received reminders and to a control group (group B) that did not receive such notifications. Adherence to physical activity was assessed by the use of diaries. Results: Group A performed 96 min more moderate intensity regular physical activity per week than group B (group A median 269 min, r = 0–1560 min; group B median 173 min, r = 0–2700 min). The Mann–Whitney U-test showed no significant differences (p = 0.080) between the study groups. There was no difference in muscle strengthening activity (group A: median: 2, r = 0–13 sessions; group B: median: 2, r = 0–20 sessions). Conclusion: The major positive observation was that both the experimental and control group participants exceeded the recommended level of physical activity. Nevertheless, there were some differences concerning the minutes of physical activity performed in favor of the intervention group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Inactivity is one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world, doubling the risk of cardiovascular disease. Health belief model (HBM) is an effective model in predict the regular physical activity behavior. This study aimed at identifying determinants of the regular physical activity in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases, using HBM. Instruments & Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross sectional study was conducted on employees working in a healthcare network affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2017. 163 subjects were selected by simple random sampling method. The instruments to collect the data were standard inventory of HBM-ISCS and self-made questionnaire that were applied after reviewing and approving their validity and reliability. Eventually, the data were analyzed, by SPSS 16, using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and ETA test. Results: The perceived severity and self-efficacy were significant predictors of daily and weekly regular physical activity. Meanwhile, multiple regression analysis predicted 23.3% of the behavior. Also, gender had the strongest relationship with the barriers of physical activity and marital status and occupation had the strongest relationship with self-efficacy. Education had no significant statistical relationship with model constructs and age had a significant statistical relationship with perceived severity and the benefits of physical activity. Conclusion: The perceived severity and self-efficacy from health belief model are the strongest determinants for daily and weekly physical activity.

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the frame of mind and mood of students of extramural studies at the Faculty of Physiotherapy at the University School of Physical Education in Wrocław in the context of regular physical activity. Methods. The research involved 35 students of the second year of extramural studies (the whole year 2017/2018). Mood disorders were examined with the Beck Depression Inventory. Moreover, the respondents answered a number of questions included in a questionnaire concerning their economic situation, the possession of a loved one or a close relative, the willingness to receive help from a psychologist/psychotherapist in the case of problems, their professional plans, and undertaking physical activity. Results. Overall, 49% of the studied group experienced mood disorders of different severity and 6% met the criteria for diagnosing depression. Lack of regular physical activity, gender, and economic situation were significantly related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Owing to the high percentage of students with mood disorders, education in the area of prevention and treatment of depression is very important, as is access to psychological support during the course of studies. The mental condition of future physiotherapists is also crucial for the quality of their work, which is related to helping the sick and disabled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona viruses are sort of viruses that are phenotypically and genotypically diverse. The outbreak of COVID-19 starts in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The research method of this article is a systematic review based on search strategy by used terms in relation with physical activity and Covid-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many people around the world to stay at home and self-isolate for a long period of time. These leads to psychological outcomes such as depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, panic, confusion, anger, fear, and substance misuse and develops Sedentary Death Syndrome and reduce individuals' functional ability. Increased physical activity levels and fitness help alleviate or relieve Covid-19 associated health problems such as depression, anxiety and stress (mental health) and at this time if an individual follows a physically active lifestyle or participate regularly in home based physical activity, it has been found to be an effective way of improving fitness and overall health of individual. The effect of regular home based exercise training has a significant positive effect on overall health of individuals. Mental and physical well-being are negatively affected by sedentary habits and positively affected by active lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puehringer, Reinhard, Martin Berger, Michael Said, and Martin Burtscher. Age-dependent health status and cardiorespiratory fitness in Austrian military mountain guides. High Alt Med Biol. 21:346–351, 2020. Background: Mountaineering activities (at moderate and high altitudes) require a relatively high level of physical fitness, which may be closely associated with healthy aging. This cross-sectional study was aimed at evaluating the age-dependent health status and fitness level in Austrian military mountain guides. Methods: A total of 166 professional mountain guides were recruited for a comprehensive health check and exercise testing. Comparisons were made between 3 different age groups, that is, ≤40 years (n = 74), 41–50 years (n = 70), and >50 years (n = 22). Besides exercise capacity, anthropometric, biomedical, and cardiorespiratory parameters have been assessed. Results: None of the assessed parameters differed between age group 1 and 2. A slight increase was observed in the age group 3 concerning body weight, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and urea levels, and resting systemic blood pressure values. Peak aerobic capacity and maximal heart rates were slightly lower in this age group than the younger groups. When compared with the general population, mountain guides of similar age showed lower prevalence of being overweight, and suffering from systemic hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate favorable aging of mountain guides occupationally performing mountaineering activities (at moderate and high altitudes), characterized by maintaining a high fitness level and developing reduced cardiovascular risk factors until older than 50 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern science is paying more and more attention to the study of the effect of regular physical activity on platelet activity. The study involved 102 clinically healthy men of the second mature age, which made up 4 groups: the control group - physically untrained (23 people) and 3 observation groups who did daily jogging for 30 minutes a day. Observation group 1 (26 people) trained for 1 year. Observation group 2 (28 people) trained for 3 years. Observation group 3 (25 people) had 5 years of daily running experience. The average volume of platelets, their aggregation activity in response to 2.5, 5, and 10 µM ADP and the content of GP IIb-IIIa and GP Ib on their surface were evaluated. With increasing experience of regular physical training, athletes found a decrease in platelet aggregation in response to all tested ADP concentrations, a decrease in the average platelet size and a decrease in the expression of GP IIb-IIIa and GP Ib. The found significant correlation between the average volume of platelets, on the one hand, and the activity of their aggregation and the number of GP IIb-IIIa and GP Ib receptors on their surface, on the other hand, was more pronounced in athletes. Functionally beneficial changes in the morphological and functional properties of platelets, increasing with the increase in the length of regular jogging in the second adulthood, are another confirmation of the need for a massive increase in physical activity in the second half of ontogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated whether, and to what extent, the constructs implicated in the theory of planned behavior could predict behavioral intention to exercise and exercise-class attendance of older adults (age 65–90 years) already enrolled in a physical activity program. The study also evaluated whether including self-efficacy judgments might improve the predictive capacity of the model. Participants (N = 1,095) were randomly sampled Italian volunteers from exercise classes for older adults. First, they completed questionnaires assessing the above-mentioned constructs. Then, class attendance was recorded during the following 3 months. Results indicated a substantial correspondence between the model and the data. Perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy were the strongest predictors of behavioral intention, whereas attitudes and subjective norms only partially contributed to its prediction. The inclusion of self-efficacy improved the predictive capacity of the overall model. Finally, results showed a weak relation between behavioral intention and attendance rate in physical activity sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with increased life expectancy. However, the effects of regular physical activity on these cytokines in postmenopausal women have not been investigated very well. Methods & Materials Fifteen active and 15 inactive postmenopausal women (aged between 50-60 years) were recruited randomly. The exclusion criteria included chronic diseases, smoking, and surgeries in the past year. Also, more than a year should have passed since all subjects experienced natural menopause. Active postmenopausal women should have regular physical activity included walking, jogging, and resistance exercises and they should have performed these exercises three times a week within the past 6-12 months. After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken in rest. Blood sample was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the serum was frozen and stored at -80°C until biochemical analyses were performed. Independent t test was used to compare quantitative variables, and α level for statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Regular physical activity brings about a significant decrease in C-reactive protein, significant increase in IL-15 and non-significant increase in IL-10 in active postmenopausal women in comparison to inactive postmenopausal women. Conclusion Regular physical activity may result in lower incidence of chronic diseases in postmenopausal women via decreased inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and could, therefore, play a role in higher life expectancy.

Summary: Background: The aim of this study was to present a practical concept focusing on typical aspects of regular physical activity, exercise and physical modalities for patients suffering from metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma. Methods: A narrative review of the relevant scientific literature and presentation of clinical experiences. Results: In cancer patients with metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma, pain is treated in an interdisciplinary and multimodal setting by using medication, radiotherapy and physical medical modalities (e.g. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation); however, modalities increasing local blood flow, such as ultrasound therapy, thermotherapy, massage, various electrotherapy options, are not performed at the site of the tumor. For physical activity and exercise, a suitable indication of the static and dynamic capacity of the affected skeletal structures is essential. This process includes strategies to maintain and improve mobility and independence. Individually tailored and adapted physical activity and exercise concepts (programs) within a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary setting (tumor board) are used to manage the condition and bone load-bearing capacity of the patient. Typical clinical features and complications, such as pathological fractures in patients suffering from metastatic bone disease and additionally hypercalcemia, monoclonal gammopathy with bone marrow aplasia and risk of renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma have to be considered when planning supportive strategies and rehabilitation. Conclusion: In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of regular physical activity, exercise, and physical modalities in patients with metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma, typical contraindications and considerations should be noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: People with severe mental ill health (SMI) are less physically active and more sedentary than the general population. There is limited research investigating the correlates of physical activity (PA) in people with SMI impeding the development of successful interventions. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with regular participation of PA among a large sample of people with SMI.Methods: The data for this study were collected from the 'Closing the Gap: Lifestyle Health and Wellbeing' (HWB) cohort that collected data through self-administered questionnaire from participants with SMI. Self-reported participation in regular PA was the main outcome variable. Potential predictors of PA were grouped as demographic, biological, psychological and behavioural variables. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted considering PA participation as the dependent variable adjusted for possible correlated predictors.Results: In total, 3287 people with SMI [mean (SD) age 47.7 (14.58) years, 59% male] were included; 38% reported undertaking regular PA and 61% wanted to undertake more physical activity. Multivariable logistic regressions showed that the following factors were associated with undertaking more regular PA: being male, aged 18-65 years, having a body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2, having better self-perceived general health condition, not having a health problem that limits activity, giving higher importance to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and eating more fruit and vegetables.Conclusions: Having a better self-perceived general health and placing importance on maintaining a healthy lifestyle were important predictors of regular PA. Lifestyle interventions targeting increased PA among people with SMI should be shaped by their health perception and informed by their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of the identification of the main causes of physical inactivity among the elderly and an assessment of the effectiveness of the inclusion of regular Nordic walking in the preventive system for the elderly in order to improve the quality of life. A comparative analysis of the quality of life was conducted for elderly and old people regularly engaged in Nordic walking (intervention group) and those leading a physically passive lifestyle (control group). It was established that regular physical activity allows improvement of the quality of life and positively affects health in the studied groups, but it is the elderly people who represent the most physically inactive part of the population. The main reasons for physical inactivity among older people are the presence of diseases, fear of injury and falls, lack of energy and weakness, low motivation level, lack of partners or friends for joint activities, etc. The aforementioned studies have shown that the regular practice of Nordic walking improves the quality of life for both elderly and old people. This was shown by the results of the SF-36 questionnaire analysis when we compared not both the intervention and control groups and the age differences in the quality of life in all studied groups. After 12 months of regular Nordic walking, an increase of the quality of life was registered via estimation on the scales of role-playing physical functioning, overall health, role emotional functioning, vitality, psychological health, and social functioning, which correlated with both the physical and psychological health components. These results make it possible to recommend Nordic walking as the most simple, accessible, and, at the same time, effective type of physical activity for the elderly population, one that helps overcome the main causes of physical inactivity and restore the functional capabilities of the aging organism. Gerontotechnologies based on the regular activities of Nordic walking are one of the most effective ways to improve and maintain the quality of life and, as a result, the activity, mobility, self-care ability among elderly and old people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute intense exercise causes significant oxidative stress and consequently an increase in total antioxidant capacity; however, the mechanisms and combined effects of intense exercise and smoking on oxidative stress among active and non-active smokers are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute intense exercise on antioxidant enzyme activity responses in active and non-active individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. The study included 40 subjects who were equally classified as: smokers that did exercise (SE), smokers that did not do exercise (SnE), non-smokers that did exercise (NSE), and non-smokers that did not do exercise (NSnE). The adjusted Astrand test was used to exhaust the subjects. Salivary enzymes of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, by spectrophotometry methods, at 3 different time points: pre-test (TP1), post-test (TP2), and one hour after finishing the test (TP3). Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for the three enzymes. Salivary POX, CAT and SOD increased in all groups from TP1 to TP2 and decreased from TP2 to TP3. Only the NSE showed a significant difference between TP1 to TP3 in POX and SOD by +0.011 ± 0.007 and +0.075 ± 0.020 (U/mL), respectively. The NSE showed significantly higher activity of POX, CAT and SOD in TP2 compared to the other groups. Furthermore, NSE and NSnE had higher activity of POX, CAT and SOD in TP1 and TP3 (p < 0.05) compared with SE and SnE. Only in the NSnE, were no differences observed in CAT compared with SE and SnE in TP3. These results showed that the antioxidant activity at rest and in the recovery time after the acute intense exercise was lower in SE and SnE compared with NSE and NSnE, suggesting that smoking habit may reduce the ameliorating effect of regular physical activity on acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease and a growing global health problem that causes bones to thin and fragile. It is estimated that about two million people suffer from osteoporosis. According to the World Health Organization recommends regular physical activity is effective in preventing and while the results of some studies show about 65% of working women in Iran; do not get enough physical activity. This study aimed to determine factors associated with regular physical activity behavior for the prevention of osteoporosis in female employees Alborz University of Medical Sciences and was designed by HBM Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 217 female university employees, all of whom were studied with the consent of the census. Tools for data collection questionnaire that included demographic questions, knowledge and questions based on health belief model structures that had done Validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using spss Edition19 and descriptive analytical statistics tests. Findings: The results show that regular physical activity was 37/8%. Idependent t-test showed a significant difference (P< 0/001) knowledge and self-efficacy between the two groups (with and without regular physical activity). Logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge and self-efficacy are significant predictor of Physical activity behavior. In this study, a significant association was found between the income and physical activity And the other factors such relationship wasnot found for physical activity. Conclusion: According to lack of regular physical activity and considering the relationship between knowledge and self-efficacy with physical activity, the need to addressing this issue through educational programming based on related factors.

Background & Aim: Regular physical activity is a major aspect of healthy lifestyle and control and prevention of many chronic diseases. Also, perceived barriers to physical activity among various populations are different. This study aimed to determine the status of regular physical activity and perceived barriers to performing it in adolescents who studying in the junior high school. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has used a stratified random sampling with proportional allocation on 280 subjects among the students at the city of Babol. For data collection, three questionnaires for demographic status, physical activity and perceived barriers to physical activity have been used. The data analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: The results showed that most of students (61.1 %) didn’t have regular physical activity, and only 38.9 % had regular physical activity. The most common perceived barriers to physical activity of students has been listed as: lack of relatives’ supports (53.6 %), to being far from sports places (35 %), and lack of enough self-confidence (33.2 %). Conclusions: This study showed the majority of students during the high school years, are not engaging in regular physical activity. As well, there are many barriers to having regular physical activity. Therefore it is necessary to implement health policies about the improving physical activity at a school and community levels, increased access to places for physical activity, and eliminate perceived physical activity barriers. l

Background and objective: Despite all its advantages, many people still engage less physical activity in their leisure time. In this context, a theory-based intervention to promote physical activity in women referred to Izeh health centers was designed. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, a random sample of 120 women was selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. A valid and reliable questionnaire including data on stages of change, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and processes of change were used to collect the data. Data were gathered at baseline. educational intervention including lecture and group discussion was implemented for the experimental group. After 3-month follow-up, data were collected again and analyzed via SPSS16 using t test and Chi-square at the level of 0.05 significance. Results: Although before the intervention, there was no significant association between experimental group and control, after the intervention, stage transition was significant between the two groups (p0.05). Conclusion: Implementing interventional programs based on Trans-theoretical Model could improve physical activity behavior. Paper Type: Research Article.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sports law project selection and physical health, cardiovascular function of the city elderly.Design and Setting: To investigate the state of regular physical activity, physical health, and cardiovascular function. Participants: 1,555 city elderly people aged 60-69 years in 10 cities of Shaanxi Province.Measurements: Clinical and anthropometrics measurements included height, weight, waistline, blood pressure, heart rate, strength, balance, flexibility.Results: The sports participation rate for the samples was 51.38%, which was with fitness walking (61.08%), Tai Chi (12.52%), fitness run (11.51%), dance(8.89%)as the main items; There were statistically significant difference in WHtR (F = 2.63), heart rate (F = 3.43), balance (F = 4.51), flexibility (F = 3.57), strength (F = 24.69) (all P < 0.05) for the two groups of elderly; Compared with the non-regular physical activity groups, these groups of fitness walking, Tai Chi and fitness running were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure (t = 4.18), diastolic blood pressure (t = 2.02), heart rate (t= -2.13), balance (t= 2.88) of fitness walking group were improved markedly. The balance (t = 4.42, P =.000) of Tai Chi group was significant. The strength (t = 2.48, P =.013) of fitness running group was significant.Conclusion: The project of regular physical activity can effectively improve the physical health level and heart vascular function of the elderly people. WHtR was suitable for evaluating physical fitness of elderly people in regular sports. Fitness walking, Tai Chi, fitness running can effectively improve the obese elderly obesity levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fitness walking program can improve heart rate and blood pressure levels, and it also can be recommended as an exercise for improving the level of cardiovascular function, with the flexibility exercise being added. Tai Chi helped the elderly to improve their balance level and prevent falls. Fitness running helped to improve the elderly power and slow down the process of muscle degradation. The choice of Regular sports activities for the elderly was single, not according to their own physical or chronic disease of the targeted exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the therapeutic effects of regular physical exercise on kidney toxicity induced by a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX) in animal models, the aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of regular voluntary running on kidney histology after a prolonged DOX administration, mimicking a chemotherapy protocol. Thirty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two clusters: DOX (n = 17) and SSS (sterile saline solution, n = 17), receiving a weekly intraperitoneal injection of DOX (2 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 weeks, respectively. Two weeks after the last injection, five animals from each cluster (SSSG, n = 5; DOXG, n = 5) were euthanized, while the remaining ones were divided into sedentary (DOXsed, n = 6; SSSsed, n = 6) and active subgroups (DOXact, n = 6; SSSact, n = 6). Active animals were placed individually in cages with a running wheel for regular voluntary activity. After 2 months, the animals were euthanized and kidneys were histologically examined. Compared to SSSG, kidneys from DOXG revealed higher levels of damage, more collagen content and thickening of Bowman’s capsule (p < .05). The levels of damage and thickness of Bowman’s capsule increased in DOXsed as compared to DOXG (p < .05). Compared to DOXsed, the DOXact presented an overall improvement in kidney structure (p < .05), with a decrease in collagen content and of the thickness of Bowman’s capsule. The results allow concluding that regular voluntary running attenuate the long-term harmful effects on kidney structure induced by a prolonged DOX treatment. These results, supporting the potential benefit of physical activity in patients under DOX treatment, need to be tested in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent disorder in males leading to sequelae such as lack of self-confidence, anxiety, depression and unsatisfactory intercourse for these men and their partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ejaculation and physical activity. Materials and Methods: Group 1 comprised 112 participants who took regular physical activity and Group 2 comprised 126 participants with a sedentary lifestyle. The participants were 18-45 years old, same ethnic origin, in same location and had regular sexual activity for at least 6 months. A comparison was made by metabolic equivalents (MET), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). Result: The mean age of Groups 1 and 2 was 25.34 years (range, 18-41 years) and 28.49 years (range, 19-45 years), respectively (P = .21). The mean PEDT score was 6.18 in Group 1, and 10.02 in Group 2. Significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2 (P = .001). The mean MET score of Group 1 was 3448.23 METmin/ week (3012-4496 MET- min/week) while the MET score of Group 2 was 201.87 MET- min/week (66-744 MET- min/week) (P = .001). The mean IELT of Groups 1 and 2 were 316.42 s (120-1530 s) and 189.32 s (20-450 s), respectively. The mean IELT was significantly higher in Group 1 (P = .001). Conclusion: The study results demonstrated that PE was less frequent in men that perform regular physical activity compared to those with a sedentary lifestyle. It can be assumed that regular physical activity may be effectual in gaining a sexual life of higher quality. Prospective studies with longitudinal data are needed to further understand the potential relationship between regular physical activity and premature ejaculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional and bioenergetics impact of regular physical activity upon type-2 diabetic skeletal muscle independently of confounding factors of overweight remains undocumented. Here, gastrocnemius muscle energy fluxes, mitochondrial capacity and mechanical performance were assessed noninvasively and longitudinally in non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic 31-phosphorus MR spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) throughout a 6-min fatiguing bout of exercise performed before, in the middle (4-week) and at the end of an 8-week training protocol consisting in 60-min daily run on a treadmill. The training protocol reduced plasmatic insulin level (−61%) whereas blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids levels remained unaffected, thereby indicating an improvement of insulin sensitivity. It also increased muscle mitochondrial citrate synthase activity (+45%) but this increase did not enhance oxidative ATP synthesis capacity in working muscle in vivo while glycolytic ATP production was increased (+33%). On the other hand, the training protocol impaired maximal force-generating capacity (−9%), total amount of force produced (−12%) and increased ATP cost of contraction (+32%) during the fatiguing exercise. Importantly, these deleterious effects were transiently worsened in the middle of the 8-week period, in association with reduced oxidative capacity and increased basal [P i ]/[PCr] ratio (an in vivo biomarker of muscle damage). These data demonstrate that the beneficial effect of regular training on insulin sensitivity in non-obese diabetic rat occurs separately from any improvement in muscle mitochondrial function and might be linked to an increased capacity for metabolizing glucose through anaerobic process in exercising muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]