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Copyright of International Journal for Educational & Vocational Guidance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite disruptive impact of internet work on labour markets little is known about what, beyond individual pull factors, drives its expansion. This article extends current frameworks by investigating the role of regional economic and employment conditions. The analysis covers 165 regions in 14 European countries using a representative cross‐national data set on individual engagement in internet and offline work, augmented with aggregate data on the regional context. Our findings suggest that otherwise similar workers engage more in internet work where offline opportunities are worse—fewer jobs and of lower quality—with effects up to 10% for large regional differences. The increase mainly represents workers juggling offline and internet jobs under conditions of economic and job insecurity. These results imply that internet work is not exceptional or separate from the traditional labour market, challenging the narrative of platforms as outsiders to labour market regulation and justifying the expansion of regulatory efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to show how the effectiveness and regional labour market impact of social cooperatives in Hungary has evolved over the past 10 years.

The successive crises of the 21st century (2008/2009 global recession, COVID-19) have significantly affected the organisation of work and increased the flexibilisation and precarisation of labour, reflecting the changing needs of capital accumulation. Although employment reorganisation is unevenly distributed across space, the link between labour precarisation and cities or regions has not been studied in depth, with most research efforts focusing on the national scale. This article enriches the emerging literature for composite indices of labour market change by constructing an index of labour precarity at the regional scale. It estimates the very Flexible Contractual Arrangements Composite Index in the NUTS2 regions of the European Union from 2008 to 2020 to provide a comparative analysis of the impact of the global recession of 2008/2009 and the initial implications of COVID-19. The findings highlight a persistent division between peripheral and core regions. High precarity is a persistent feature of less developed regions, although it is also increasing significantly in urbanised, economically advanced regions. As found, the degree of labour precarity of a regional labour market is the complex result of national factors as well as regional characteristics such as specialisation, remoteness, path dependency, and local institutional practises and population dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to show how the effectiveness and regional labour market impact of social cooperatives in Hungary has evolved over the past 10 years. The research database is based on a database of domestic enterprises. It includes data on the assets and income of social cooperatives for the past 10 years. It analyses the evolution of the number of social cooperatives in space and time, in parallel with a legal and support environment. Focusing on a ten-year time horizon, it has examined the areas where the evolution of the number and activity of social cooperatives has had a greater impact on the labour market situation. It has shown that changes in the legal environment have significantly increased the number of social cooperatives. It has shown that, despite the increase in numbers, the cooperatives studied have survived in large numbers. It has shown a positive contribution to employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies factors affecting the efficiency of interaction between small business and higher education, tools of interaction between business and higher education and identifies problems of non-coordination of business and higher education. The necessity to upgrade infrastructural support of business and higher education interaction was substantiated. The current practices of business and higher education were investigated, which gave an opportunity to come to the conclusion about inefficiency of these ties. Misbalance of labour market, absence of demand for graduates of higher education on regional market and consequently, outflow of young highly-qualified workers show the need to upgrade ways of interaction between business and higher education and to develop the adequate infrastructure. The author grounds the necessity to raise professional competences of business in order to build foundation for the development of innovative forms of entrepreneurship and involvement of young qualified personnel with higher education in their work. Analysis of business and education interaction allows us to improve efficiency of interaction between business and higher education by setting-up the education cluster. Within the frames of the education cluster creating investment appeal of higher education is created.

Currently, the aging population is an important phenomenon facing Europe. This studyfocuses on demographic changes and their importance for the labour market that are becominga more noticeable problem in Poland. The conditions of depopulation have a significantimpact on the size of labour demand and supply.The article characterizes selectedfactors that determine the phenomenon of depopulationand its impact on labour market changes. The main aim of this study is to present the situationon the Polish modern labour market (using the example of Podkarpackie Voivodeship) withinthe context of assessing the dynamics of changes in selected parameters in relation to theprocess of current and future depopulation. The researchers used the desk research methodand descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the data. In addition, there was an analysis ofthe following demographic measures: age dependency ratio, total fertility rate (TFR),population growth, and net migration. Additionally, the authors describe the statisticalmeasures related to the labour market such as e.g. registered unemployment rate. The timerange includes the years 2012–2018 and forecasts from current time until 2050.

Russian economy is characterised by lower labour productivity compared to many developing countries. This circumstance caused the appearance of various orders in presidential “May decrees”, including the orders to create 25 million high-performance workplaces (HPW), and increase labour productivity by 1.5 times. Moreover, these decrees led to the creation and implementation of the national project “Labour productivity and support of employment”. Scientists actively discuss what should be considered as a criterion for the HPW: labour productivity or wages. The latter criterion is an indicator of the HPW that the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) uses for counting their number. The article analyses the results of studies in academia and approaches to the assessment and identification of high-performance workplaces. This study is based on Rosstat’s open data on the number of HPW in Altai Krai, Siberian Federal District, and in the country. These data were processed, graphically presented and analysed in dynamics and by factors. Further, we showed the dynamics of the growth of the number of HPW, correlation between the changes in this number and changes in the labour productivity index, the subsistence level of the working age population, the size of the average monthly wage. Additionally, we analysed the structure of the HPW from the standpoint of types of economic activity. One of the main conclusions is the imperfection of Rosstat approaches to identifying HPW. We have shown that the use of obviously imperfect methods distorts the initial idea of their creation as a driver of economic development, thereby directing the regulator towards erroneous management of such processes. The findings substantiate the need for continuous updating and improving the competencies of highly educated personnel, and creating comfortable working conditions for employees (including sanitary, psychological, social, material ones).

Even though the doctoral degree was originally designed for an academic career, there is an increasingly important labour market for doctorate holders outside academia, mainly because of a shortage of job opportunities within it. Doctoral degrees are granted only by universities; thus, universities are the only suppliers of the doctoral workforce to the labour market. Understanding the needs of non-academic employers is thus crucial if universities are to adapt their doctoral education curriculum. Many studies have analyzed labour markets for doctorate holders at national and transnational scales, but few studies focus on the regional scale. The present study explores regional data for Catalonia in Spain on the employment situation of doctorate holders in order to define the characteristics of the regional, non-academic labour market for doctorate holders. Descriptive statistics suggest a high retention rate of doctorate holders within the region and a large part of doctorate holders (two-thirds) having a job that does not require a doctoral degree. This study highlights the existence of a skills mismatch that might be linked to the preference for a better paid or more stable job, or to the lack of development of skills that represent added value in the eyes of employers. These characteristics can be formulated as hypotheses to be tested in further qualitative or quantitative studies. They have several implications for universities, non-academic employers and regional policy-makers, such as the need to work on the valorization of the doctoral degree in the non-academic labour market.

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals’ career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals’ occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates’ employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates’ survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates’ performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals’ unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential.

The article is dedicated to the prospects of development of tourism sphere as one of factors of regulation of a state and conditions of regional labour markets. The clause broaches a point of connection perspective and a role of the tourism sphere and a state of regional labour market in processes of ensuring sustainable development of the region, that in long terms creates prerequisites to increase in level of economic security of the region, decrease in social tension and realization of opportunities of purposeful regulation of human recourses use in the region.

The paper studies peculiarities of formation and use of the Yamal--Nenets Autonomous Okrug labour potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the situation in the regional labour market, its main determinants and development prospects, and to formulate proposals for employment policy corresponding to the peculiarities of the socio-demographic and economic situation. The paper is based on state labour statistics, municipal statistics, information of the Federal Register of Disabiled Persons, and the Rosstat population surveys data. To solve the research tasks the author uses methods of descriptive statistical analysis, as well as clustering methods in application to data characterizing tensions in the labour market of the municipalities of the region. The results of the analysis indicate the high role of migration in the formation of the labour potential of the region. Among the structural features of employment of the Yamal-- Nenets Autonomous Okrug are a significant share of shift labour and a high proportion of migrants in the labour force, significant disparities in the structure of employed by economic activity and occupational group, as well as a small proportion of self-employed and entrepreneurs. The author concludes that the problems of the labour market act as an obstacle to the sustainable development of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the empirical functioning of the regional labour market in Italy (21 Italian regions over the period 1995–2015). Starting from centralized union bargaining, it derives a micro-founded theoretical long-run relationship between the nominal wage per worker and average labour productivity. The long-run equation is then empirically verified using cointegration analysis, controlling for time and space dependence. It is found that labour productivity has a positive impact on determining the nominal wage per worker. The magnitude of the impact is, on average, 0.28 when considering both direct and indirect (spillover) effects. According to the results, regional policies aimed at reducing local disparities must foster labour productivity, particularly in the south of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though the doctoral degree was originally designed for an academic career, there is an increasingly important labour market for doctorate holders outside academia, mainly because of a shortage of job opportunities within it. Doctoral degrees are granted only by universities; thus, universities are the only suppliers of the doctoral workforce to the labour market. Understanding the needs of non-academic employers is thus crucial if universities are to adapt their doctoral education curriculum. Many studies have analyzed labour markets for doctorate holders at national and transnational scales, but few studies focus on the regional scale. The present study explores regional data for Catalonia in Spain on the employment situation of doctorate holders in order to define the characteristics of the regional, non-academic labour market for doctorate holders. Descriptive statistics suggest a high retention rate of doctorate holders within the region and a large part of doctorate holders (two-thirds) having a job that does not require a doctoral degree. This study highlights the existence of a skills mismatch that might be linked to the preference for a better paid or more stable job, or to the lack of development of skills that represent added value in the eyes of employers. These characteristics can be formulated as hypotheses to be tested in further qualitative or quantitative studies. They have several implications for universities, non-academic employers and regional policy-makers, such as the need to work on the valorization of the doctoral degree in the non-academic labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying a stochastic production frontier approach, this paper investigates regional inefficiencies of job creation in Spain over the period 2006–2012. This paper represents a first attempt to test whether a more flexible labour market as designed by the 2010 reform reduces regional inefficiencies. Results suggest that the 2010 reform appears to have improved on average the efficiency of the Spanish labour market even if regional differences persisted over time. The paper also investigates the importance of local democracy for the labour market finding that local democracy positively influences regional efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at highlighting a current phenomenon on the labour market in Romania, related to the existence of important categories of unemployed persons and looking for a job, but not registered in the statistics of state institutions dealing with unemployment.

The purpose of this paper is to present the analysis of the relationship between house affordability and unemployment on the regional level in Poland. The affordability is measured by dividing the average house price by the average wage in a region. The period between 2006 and 2015 is analysed. The quarterly data are used. The data were collected from the biggest cities in voivodeships (certain kind of Polish administrative regions). Additionally, one extra city was also examined. As the result, 17 cities were analysed. Both primary and secondary markets were analysed.

The presented publication analyses unemployment and employment processes in the context of administrative regions of the Carpatho-Podilsky region of the Ukraine. The issues of economic activity of the population, types of appeals of local population to employment services, age structure of employment, level of employment, regional labour services, employment of population by sex-age structure are highlighted.

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the proportion of home-owners in a region tend to be positively associated with the unemployment levels in that region. In this paper, we introduce a missing piece of explaining this commonly found pattern. By analysing individual-level population register data on Sweden, we jointly examine the effects of micro- and macro-level home-ownership on individuals' unemployment. The findings indicate that even though home-owners have a lower probability of being unemployed, there is a penalty for both renters and home-owners on unemployment in regions with high home-ownership rates. Differences in mobility patterns cannot explain this pattern. However, when labour market size is considered, the higher probability of unemployment in high home-owning regions is drastically reduced. This suggests that high home-ownership regions tend to coincide with small labour markets, affecting the job matching process negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the labour market from the point of view of the labour force demand. We develop a model that describes the connection between the employment rate of labour resources and other socio-economic indicators involved in the functioning mechanisms of the labour market. The model is empirically estimated using time series data taken from the labour force section from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics. The results of this analysis indicate and confirm the positive impact of the household income on employement and also the negative influence of labour productivity on the labour force demand.

The article gives a brief characteristic of the regional labour market, views the specific features of the regional labour market and factors determining it. The technique is presented for estimating the critical level of the condition in the regional labour market.

The purpose of this paper is to present the analysis of the relationship between house affordability and unemployment on the regional level in Poland. The affordability is measured by dividing the average house price by the average wage in a region. The period between 2006 and 2015 is analysed. The quarterly data are used. The data were collected from the biggest cities in voivodeships (certain kind of Polish administrative regions). Additionally, one extra city was also examined. As the result, 17 cities were analysed. Both primary and secondary markets were analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that those with lower levels of education and school drop-outs are less successful in the labour market. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the determinants to continue in education to at least the minimum level defined by the Lisbon Treaty 2000, the so-called starting qualification. We focus especially on the impact of the regional labour market situation and possible spill-over effects due to the presence of higher educated. In addition to that we analyze the differences in successfully finding a job between those who do and those who do not have obtained a starting qualification. We find that regional factors have a significant impact on the decision to (not) continue education and on the chance to get a job. The most striking result we found is that a prosperous regional labor market situation stimulates individuals to accept a job and dropout of school before they reach the level of the start-qualification. They seem to prefer the short term goal of earning money above an investment in schooling of which the benefits will occur in the future. We find evidence for positive spill-overs between higher and lower educated, but no evidence for negative crowding out effects. Nevertheless, personal aspects and school/education satisfaction are found to be at least as relevant in school continuation decisions and labour market outcomes of low educated school-leavers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Annals-XXI / Ekonomìčnij Časopis-XXI is the property of Institute of Society Transformation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the idea that econometrics represents a useful instrument for thye economic analysis, even at regional level. According to the labor market conditions, econometrics allows several techniques in order to estimate the structural parameters of an a priori specified system of simultaneous stochastic equations. Moreover, the econometric approach highlights the labor system function as to maximize the employees' number and labor demand, or to minimize the unemployment rate. A distinct part of the analysis covers the regional econometric approach in connection to regional location and optimum models. The main conclusion of the analysis is that econometrics is able to force the knowledge limits not only in regional economics. The analysis and the conclusions are supported by pertinent diagrams and mathematical relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is widely recognized that nonagricultural earnings are crucial for the welfare of rural households in developing countries. In this study, we investigate whether workers close to cities are paid higher nonagricultural wages than workers in outlying rural areas. We find that workers close to urban areas not only benefit from more opportunities to engage in nonagricultural activities, but also from better paid jobs. In addition, we provide evidence on the transmission channels at work. The issue of spatial differences in nonagricultural earnings that we highlight is extremely serious for rural China where, because of the strong institutional restrictions on labour mobility, living conditions in an individual’s birthplace still significantly affect his well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A problem encountered in many contexts is the estimation of matrices or tables from aggregate, heterogeneous, incomplete and contradictory information. In this paper the Adeton method is presented which can be used for this estimation task under quite general conditions. The Adeton method was originally developed to estimate flow matrices of regional labour markets in the Multi-Accounting System (MAS). However, it is applicable for many purposes, e.g. to estimate contingency tables or input-output and other flow matrices. Adeton is based on a Bayesian inference model: Given a prior probability distribution on the set of possible matrices and information about the actual matrix consisting of a set of linear equality and inequality constraints, the complete matrix with highest posterior probability is calculated. The advantage of the Adeton approach is that it is possible to specify soft constraints which are obeyed only up to a certain degree. It is shown that Adeton is an estimation method of entropy optimization type and in this respect is a generalization of the well known Iterative Proportional Fitting Algorithm (used in log-linear models) or of the equivalent RAS method (used in input-output analysis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)