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Purpose: The objective of this qualitative study is to investigate the perspectives of recovering counsellors on counselling approaches and the influence that their personal attributes have on clients. Design/Methodology/Approach: Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised, and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were carried out with 18 recovering counsellors in New York, USA. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. Findings: Motivational interviewing (MI), and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and support groups were popular therapeutic modalities among many participants. Recovering counsellors underlined that utilising personal qualities contributed positively to treatment outcomes by establishing a long-lasting relationship with clients. Conclusion: This study's findings underscored the significance of exploring recovering SUD counsellors' viewpoints regarding their counselling approaches and personality traits in underscoring their role in providing treatment services to clients. Research Limitations: The study reflects recovering counsellors' perspectives at a specific moment, but the dynamic nature of recovery implies that their views and approaches may evolve over time, affecting the long-term implications of their counselling methods. Practical Implications: Organizations may consider providing supervision to recovering counsellors, acknowledging the challenges they face, and leveraging their personal qualities for better client engagement. Contribution to Literature: The study's emphasis on therapeutic modalities and personal qualities provides practical insights for optimizing counselling approaches and maximizing the benefits of employing recovering counsellors in SUD treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terminalia argentea Mart. (Combretaceae), native to Brazil, is used in habitat restoration programs. Arthropods are bioindicators because their populations reflect changes in the environment. We evaluated the recovery of a degraded area by using ecological indices and analyzing arthropod interactions on T. argentea plants. The richness and diversity of sap-sucking Hemiptera and the abundance of tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators increased with the number of T. argentea leaves. The correlation of the abundance of tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators was positive with that of the sap-sucking Hemiptera, and the abundance of Sternorrhyncha predators was negative with that of tending ants and sap-sucking Hemiptera. The positive correlation between the abundance, richness, and diversity of insect groups and numbers of T. argentea leaves is an example of the bottom-up regulation mechanism, with the population dynamics of the lower trophic levels dictating those of higher trophic levels. The contribution of T. argentea, a host plant of many arthropods, to the recovery of ecological relationships between organisms in degraded ecosystems is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Captured by the remarkable environmental/economic value, recycling spent LiFePO4 has attracted numerous attention. However, restricted by diverse failure mechanisms and different particle‐sizes/active‐sites, recycling strategies still suffer from uneven repairing results and poor accessibility. For promoting their application in commercial systems, the uniform physical‐chemical properties are urgent for regenerated samples. Herein, by tailoring oxidation‐reduction manners, the homogeneous cathode materials can be prepared, displaying uniform particle size and restored lattice. The capacity of as‐optimized samples can be kept ≈141.5 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, and 137 mAh g−1 with a retention of 92% after 300 cycles at 2.0 C. After Kg‐scale experiments, the pouch full‐cell (LFP‐500 vs recovered graphite) delivers ≈4200 mAh capacity, with considerable cycling stability (retention 96.83%, after 500 loops). Importantly, the detailed mechanism of oxidation/reduction‐conditions is investigated, especially their lattice reconstitution and ions‐ diffusion behaviors. Supported by kinetic analysis and DFT calculations, the fascinating stability of LFP‐500 is further proved, mainly derived from the accelerated Li‐diffusion behaviors. Compared to traditional recovering manners, oxidation/reduction process displays low cost, energy‐consumption, and pollution, accompanied with considerable large‐scale application potential. Given this, this work is anticipated to illustrate the in‐depth mechanism of lattice‐reconstruction, while offering significant strategies for large‐scale and homogenized regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics, primarily microplastics, are among the greatest pollutants in aquatic environments. Their removal and/or degradation in these environments are crucial to ensure an optimal future of these ecosystems. In this work, MnO2 particles were synthesized and characterized for the removal of polystyrene microplastics as a model. MnO2 catalyzes the peroxide reaction, resulting in the formation of oxygen bubbles that propel the pollutants to the surface, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 80%. To achieve this, hydrothermal synthesis was employed using various methods. Parameters such as MnO2, pH, microplastics, and H2O2 concentrations were varied to determine the optimal conditions for microplastics recovering. The ideal conditions for a low microplastic concentrations (10 mg L−1) are 0.2 g L−1 MnO2, 1.6% of H2O2 and 0.01 triton as a surfactant. In these conditions, the micromotors can recover approximately 80% of 300 nm sized polystyrene microplastic within 40 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, ecosystems are suffering important taxonomic and functional modifications in response to anthropogenic disturbances, operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Awareness on biodiversity losses has led to the adoption of conservation policies and the development of programs devoted to the conservation and the restoration of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The assessment of the ecological health of ecosystems requires measuring and characterizing restoration or degradation dynamics and their consequences on the ecological quality with respect to reference conditions defined pragmatically as conservation targets. Methodological innovations, in terms of data collection, analysis, and visualization, have an important influence on the ability of ecologists to understand biodiversity changes. The assessment of the quality of ecosystems with respect to reference conditions requires to address, notably, three main challenges: the definition of reference conditions, the assessment of the degree of achievement of conservation objectives, and the qualitative and quantitative characterization of recovering and departing patterns. We propose here the ecological quality assessment (EQA) framework as a data‐driven approach to track ecological quality focusing on the distance of the tested stations with respect to a chosen reference envelope using fuzzy logic and trajectory analysis. We take advantage of those analytical tools to propose a general and flexible multivariate framework by quantifying the achievement of reference conditions, measuring restoration and degradation dynamics when temporal series are available, and representing and synthesizing this information. To take into account the natural spatiotemporal variability of sites considered as reference, we gave two variants to our framework: a state‐based variant when no temporal replications are available and a trajectory‐based variant specially devoted to compare whole trajectories to a trajectory reference envelope defined by a set of reference trajectories. These two complementary approaches were illustrated through two terrestrial and marine ecological applications using the R package "ecotraj" in order to evidence ecological observations that meet conservation objectives from those that do not meet them. EQA constitutes a flexible framework for the assessment and reporting of ecosystem quality, including restoration and degradation dynamics adaptable to multiple questions in the different fields of ecology and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The physical and chemical protection of steel reinforcement afforded by the cover is a consequence of the quality of the concrete and its thickness, with a long-term impact on durability and service life. This study proposed variations in cover based on environmental aggressivity class (EAC) of exposure considering concretes of prescribed compressive strength classes (C20/C25/C30/C40). To this end, concrete mixtures were subjected to accelerated testing in salt spray chambers or carbonation. Accelerated testing was kept for periods long enough to reach each EAC cover level. Thus, the effect of each EAC, from mild to severe, was determined on the physical and mechanical characteristics of each mixture. It was determined that the required reinforcement cover varied linearly with compressive strength. This denoted the possibility of using more than one class of concrete and cover for each EAC. It should be noted that the difference in required cover became greater when using concrete with a strength class higher than C30. Still, it was noticed that the chloride ions attack s was more severe than carbonation and was, for most of the test cases, the determinant factor in minimum cover thickness to ensure the desired durability.

The provincial budget for infrastructure tends to decrease because of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which leads to the infrastructure provincial government's concerns in forecasting the budget, especially in distributing its budget to infrastructure priority programs such as bridge, road and public need building. This research aims to forecast the budget of North Kalimantan Infrastructures through its economic recovery program from 2023 to 2030 using the least square and index number method. The study found that North Kalimantan Infrastructures' budget forecasting slightly fluctuates to cover its economic recovery program. It is also predicted that the highest increase in budget will be experienced in 2023 because early this year, North Kalimantan launched its national strategic program, KIHI or Indonesia Industrial Green Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the potential of recovering various valuable elements from vanadiferous titanomagnetite tailing (VTMT), the chemical and process mineralogical characterization of VTMT were investigated in this study by various analytical techniques such as XRF, XRD, optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and AMICS. It was found that VTMT is a coarser powder in general; about 50% of the particle size is greater than 54.30 μm. The total iron content of the VTMT was 22.40 wt.%, and its TiO2 grade is 14.45 wt.%, even higher than those found in natural ilmenite ores. The majority of iron and titanium were located in ilmenite and hematite; 62.84% of hematite and 90.27% of ilmenite were present in monomeric form. However, there is still a portion of ilmenite and hematite embedded in gangue such as anorthite, diopside, and serpentite. For the recovery of valuable fractions such as Fe and TiO2 from VTMT, a treatment process including ball milling–high-intensity magnetic separation–one roughing and three refining flotation was proposed. Finally, a concentrate with TiO2 grade of 47.31% and total Fe (TFe) grade of 35.44% was produced; TiO2 and TFe had recovery rates of 57.71% and 28.23%, respectively. The recovered product is adequate as a raw material for the production of rutile. This study provides a reference and a new research direction for the recycling and comprehensive utilization of VTMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-channel Zn-air desalination battery was studied which could recover Li+ and Co2+ from waste LiCoO 2 and provide energy simultaneously. [Display omitted] Nowadays, it is a global problem to recycle LiCoO 2 from waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the deficiency of high business cost and environmental pollution. Here, a novel three-channel ion recovery device based on a Zn-air desalination battery (ZADB) is proposed which can supply energy while separating Li+ and Co2+ from the recovered solution. The three-channel ZADB device consists of a Zn foil anode chamber with ZnSO 4 anolyte stream, an intermediate chamber with Li+ and Co2+ recovered stream and an air cathode chamber with LiOH and Co(OH) 2 catholyte stream, chambers are separated by anion exchange membrane (AEM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM) respectively. It can be described by the finite element simulation (FES) of physics field that, the Li+ and Co2+ in the recovered solution move to the cathode chamber, where the OH− are produced by absorbing O 2 from the air combined with electronic in the discharge process. At the same time, the SO 4 2− moves to the other end of the Zn foil anode chamber according to the law of charge conservation, which combined with the Zn2+ removed from the Zn foil. The results show that the recovery efficiency of the ZADB device is closely related to the discharge current density and the concentration of the recovered stream. The best recovery effect has achieved when 0.2 mol L−1 recovered solution is run for 24 h at the discharge current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. The average recovery rate is 0.275 mg min−1 with the highest recovery rate is 40.73 mg h−1, and the output energy density is 102.5 Wh Kg−1 during the experiment process. In addition, the ZADB device has the excellent long-term cycling performance and recycling stability. By comparing this device with other ion recovery methods, which provides that it is a splendid way to recycle Li+ and Co2+ from waste LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics, primarily microplastics, are among the greatest pollutants in aquatic environments. Their removal and/or degradation in these environments are crucial to ensure an optimal future of these ecosystems. In this work, MnO2 particles were synthesized and characterized for the removal of polystyrene microplastics as a model. MnO2 catalyzes the peroxide reaction, resulting in the formation of oxygen bubbles that propel the pollutants to the surface, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 80%. To achieve this, hydrothermal synthesis was employed using various methods. Parameters such as MnO2, pH, microplastics, and H2O2 concentrations were varied to determine the optimal conditions for microplastics recovering. The ideal conditions for a low microplastic concentrations (10 mg L−1) are 0.2 g L−1 MnO2, 1.6% of H2O2 and 0.01 triton as a surfactant. In these conditions, the micromotors can recover approximately 80% of 300 nm sized polystyrene microplastic within 40 min.

Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) assisted roasting has been proven to be an effective way to convert spent lithium‐ion battery cathodes to water‐soluble salts. Herein, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments are performed to analyze the mechanism of the sulfation conversion process. First, the reaction activation energies of the sulfate‐assisted roasting are 88.87 and 95.27 kJ mol−1, which are calculated by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, respectively. Then, nucleation and growth are determined and verified as the sulfation reaction model by the Šatava–Šesták method. Finally, sub‐reactions of the sulfation process are investigated and reaction controlling mechanisms are determined by the contribution of sub‐reaction. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the phase boundary reaction is found to dominate in the initial step of the roasting process (α < 0.6) while the nucleation reaction controlls the following step (α > 0.6), agreeing well with changing trend of activation energy. Overall, thermogravimetric analysis is a general way to study the mechanism of the various roasting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT) has emerged as a highly selective separation technology within the realm of supramolecular chemistry. • Materials utilizing MRT for adsorption boast high selectivity, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and reusability. • Integrating MRT tightly with critical metal recovery processes can enhance both selectivity and economic value in metal recovery. With the transition to a low-carbon economy due to the rising global climate, advances in high technology and the proliferation of electronic devices, the demand for critical metals will continue to increase in the future. Since critical metals are characterized by low crustal content and difficult to isolate, the efficient recovery of critical metal elements from associated minerals and electronic device wastes has attracted much attention. Molecular recognition technology (MRT) is a process in which target ions achieve mutual binding under specific conditions through the synergistic action of forces such as hydrogen bonding, chelation, surface complexation and ion exchange, which has directed the design of various functionalized adsorbents for critical metals recovery nowadays. This review begins with describing the current status of recycling of several typical critical metals, including gallium, germanium, rhenium, indium, scandium. Then the mechanism and application of MRT in selective recovery of critical metals are discussed with the example of recovery of dilute metals. This article review reveals that: i) the processes involved in critical metal separation are increasingly recognized as more complex and diverse, posing greater challenges for their recovery; ii) selectively binds to target ions are based on the design of structures tailored to match the target molecules; iii) the development of highly selective adsorbent materials lies at the heart of adsorption separation technology, and the integration of MRT with adsorbents offers a promising approach to enhance adsorption performance effectively. Inspired by the application of MRT, suggestions are made for adsorbent design with selective recovery of critical metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) assisted roasting has been proven to be an effective way to convert spent lithium‐ion battery cathodes to water‐soluble salts. Herein, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments are performed to analyze the mechanism of the sulfation conversion process. First, the reaction activation energies of the sulfate‐assisted roasting are 88.87 and 95.27 kJ mol−1, which are calculated by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, respectively. Then, nucleation and growth are determined and verified as the sulfation reaction model by the Šatava–Šesták method. Finally, sub‐reactions of the sulfation process are investigated and reaction controlling mechanisms are determined by the contribution of sub‐reaction. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the phase boundary reaction is found to dominate in the initial step of the roasting process (α < 0.6) while the nucleation reaction controlls the following step (α > 0.6), agreeing well with changing trend of activation energy. Overall, thermogravimetric analysis is a general way to study the mechanism of the various roasting processes.

Bengawan Solo River is heavily modified into reservoirs and dams. Starting from Karanganyar to Sragen District, mass fish deaths happen up to 3-4 times a year due to organic matter pollution. The research was conducted to determine water quality during the rainy season (April 2020) and the dry season (August 2020). Samplings were carried out in three zones: the upstream zone (I) in Sukoharjo District, Central Java; the middle zone (II) in the Solo City, Karanganyar, and Sragen District, Central Java; and the downstream zone (III) in Ngawi and Bojonegoro District, East Java. Results showed that the waters of Bengawan Solo in zone I were not affected by waste. After reaching zone II, there was a heavy pollution effect. In zone III, the water quality has returned to normal levels (recovery). The fish species in zone I were dominated by exotic fish such as Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) and Jambal Sius (Pangasianodon hypothalamus). The fish species in zone II was dominated by Sapu sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis). In zone III were dominated by native fish species such as Jendil (Pangasius polyuranodon), Seren (Cyclocheilichthys enoplos), Bendol (Barbichthys laevis), Wader (Rasbora spp.), Keting (Barbonymus gonionotus), Daringan (Mystus microcanthus), and Tagih (Hemibagrus nemurus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of recovering methods according to the pulse index of the members of the research sample and to identify the development of the special speed level for the members of the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method in a tight control method (experimental + control) for its suitability and the nature of solving the research problem, where the research sample consisted of (8) A runner from the '400m Youth Run event. And they were chosen by the intentional method, as they were divided randomly, and they were distributed into two groups by random lottery. 4 runners represented the experimental group that used the recovering methods according to the pulse index during and after the exercise, while 4 runners represented the control group who followed the approach prepared by the trainer, where the procedure was conducted Physiological tests, including the pulse index, the physical tests included a 400-meter running test and a 300-meter run test from the high start, where the researchers reached the following results. It is of great importance in improving the endurance of special speed, that the procedures for recovering and calming runners after training units contributed to the development of special speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sweet whey, coproduce of cheesemaking, is a high nutritional value material. This work objective was to develop a commercial quality drink of whey, with mango pulp and probiotic cultures. For optimal formulations, a mixture design was applied and the independent variables were doses of mango, sugar and whey; whereas the product acceptability was dependent variable. A 3% mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus termophilus and Bifidobacterium bífidum was used. The best formulation having sensorial evaluation of I like it, was with 9.78% mango pulp, 8.98% sugar and 78.23% whey. In its nutritional composition remarked 0.72% proteins; 0.40% fat and 61.96 kcal/100 g energy value. The storage life at 4 to 7 °C was 21 days and its materials income cost 1889.39 Cuban pesos/ton. The enterprise´s rentability could be improved in 4474 Cuban pesos/ton of the drink, as additional total income (net 20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of the behavior of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been within the focus of numerous original research papers and review articles in the last two decades due to their unique properties such as low viscosity, low melting point, low volatility, high thermal stability, high conductivity, high surface tension, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. DES have been used for the pretreatment of biomass, within conversion processes (e.g., as catalyst, co-solvent, extracting solvent) and within downstream processing. Related to an efficient use within integrated biorefineries, an important issue for the successful application of DES is their recovery and recycling. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide detailed information and assessments on current techniques (e.g., anti-solvent addition, crystallization, membrane filtration, solid–liquid extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, short path distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, separation due to density differences) to recover and recycle DES used for a specific purpose. The selection of the respective recovery option has to be based on the properties of the DES, the nature of the conversion/extraction process, the features of the target compound/product, the amount of energy required, and the equipment cost. Future aspects of DES recovery are also elaborated. However, further investigations are required to better understand the separation options while optimizing the product yields and minimizing the overall costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presents the results of research on the structure of welded joints in the area of heat affected zone (HAZ). Based on precisely performed metallographic tests, the contribution of individual structural components in the area of welds of pipes welded with the induction method was assessed. The volume fraction of individual structural components in various areas of the heat affected zone, the size of the grain formed in the welding process, as well as its shape coefficients were determined. On the basis of metallographic observations, an attempt was made to describe the course of the pressure induction welding process, taking into account the structural changes, phase changes and the recovering and recrystallization processes taking place in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell migration is a central process for recovering from wounds triggered by physical distress besides embryogenesis and cancer metastasis. Wound healing assay is widely used as a fundamental research technique for investigation of two-dimensional cell migration in vitro. The most common approach for imitating physical wound in vitro is mechanical scratching on the surface of the confluent monolayer by using sharp materials. The iron metal pin with a suspension spring for fine adjustment of the orthogonal contact surface between the scratching point and the individual bottom of multi-well plate with planar curvatures were adopted for the creative invention of a 96-well plate wound maker. While classic tips drew diverse and zigzag scratching patterns on the confluent monolayer, our wound maker displayed synchronized linear wounds in the middle of each well of a 96-well plate that was seeded with several cell lines. Given that several types of multi-well plates commercially available are compatible with our lab-made wound maker for creating uniform scratches on the confluent monolayer for the collective cell migration in wound healing assay, it is certain that the application of this wound maker to the real-time wound healing assay in high content screening (HCS) is superior than utilization of typical polypropylene pipette tips.

The article is aimed at researching the tendencies of implementation of business models of the circular economy and exploring the status of their use in the enterprises of Lviv region. On the basis of theoretical and statistical data, the prerequisites for development of the circular economy in both European and Ukrainian markets are characterized, the focus is set on the orientation of the European Union on the transition to circular models, also the relevance of researching this topic for Ukrainian enterprises is substantiated. The meaning of the 6R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Recovery, Replace) is disclosed; interpretations of the terms «recycling», «recovering» and «reusing» are provided; a comparative analysis of the structure of waste management in Ukraine and in the EU is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing the «self-contained» models of production and consumption are allocated using the SWOT model, a PEST analysis of aspects of the external environment affecting the development of the circular economy in the Ukrainian market is carried out. Based on regional statistics for 2016–2018, the dynamics of the main indicators of waste management in the Lviv region’s enterprises are shown; the level of involvement of enterprises of Lviv region to the circular economy and features of the use of «circular» models are diagnosed; the main problems with the treatment of industrial waste in Lviv region are characterized; activities of selected enterprises involved in the circular economy, as well as enterprises that pollute the ecology of the region, are analyzed; structure of the formed waste is depicted by species. The main «self-contained» business models aimed at minimizing and disposing of waste are also analyzed, and recommendations on the introduction of business models of the circular economy for use in the enterprises of Lviv region are formed.

This article analyzes 10 autobiographical narratives of women who had experienced intimate relationship violence. In these narratives, we find several positions, that come from master narratives. These positions have some effects on the construction of subjectivities and on the process of recovery or redefinition of identity. The positions are (a) elusive, (b) victimized, and (c) agentive. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze, from a feminist perspective, the position and subjectivity of women who suffer violence to address the prevention and treatment of this problem that affects individuals and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terminalia argentea Mart. (Combretaceae), native to Brazil, is used in habitat restoration programs. Arthropods are bioindicators because their populations reflect changes in the environment. We evaluated the recovery of a degraded area by using ecological indices and analyzing arthropod interactions on T. argentea plants. The richness and diversity of sap-sucking Hemiptera and the abundance of tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators increased with the number of T. argentea leaves. The correlation of the abundance of tending ants and Sternorrhyncha predators was positive with that of the sap-sucking Hemiptera, and the abundance of Sternorrhyncha predators was negative with that of tending ants and sap-sucking Hemiptera. The positive correlation between the abundance, richness, and diversity of insect groups and numbers of T. argentea leaves is an example of the bottom-up regulation mechanism, with the population dynamics of the lower trophic levels dictating those of higher trophic levels. The contribution of T. argentea, a host plant of many arthropods, to the recovery of ecological relationships between organisms in degraded ecosystems is important., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Islamic modernism movement occupied the Islamic world in the 19th and 20th countries and took its place in history like that. The most important element that caused this movement to be born, is that the immobilization of the Islamic World in terms of scientific development. On the other hand, the Western world started renaissance by turning to scientific studies with the lessons learned from the crisis in the Middle Ages under influence of the church, and then specified the position of religion in society and management with the reform movement. And also, by including industrial revolution into this, it has become a scientific, cultural and economic impact on the world. But, Muslims couldn't be successful to react equally to the overwhelming advantage and development of the west in long term. This situation leaded up to the basis of the Islamic modernism movement which can be called the Renaissance and Reform of the Islamic World. In this article, we will examine this movement from its birth to the current point of it, and at the end of this article we will give the readers information about the handicaps and achievements of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WVCO can be recovered effectively as a rejuvenator in order to recover the aged bitumen. • The available rates of WVCO are 3% and 6% for short and long term aging case, respectively. • Test methods take an important role to determine the optimum rate of WVCO. • PRI is an effective and easy methods to determine the optimum rate of WVCO for modification. • Recovery of WVCO and aged bitumen provides humanistic, ecologic and economic benefits. Bitumen ages in the short and long-term due to environmental conditions. As the bitumen ages, it loses its original properties and flexibility. Hardened bitumen causes certain distresses in pavement that may endanger traffic safety and reduce travel comfort. Bitumen is one of recoverable material, however some techniques may not be ecological due to considerable energy, time, and cost. On the other hand, recovering of aged bitumen might be eco-friendlier, energy-efficient, and economic by using bio-based waste materials such as waste vegetable cooking oils (WVCO). In this perspective, this paper was established on the idea of sustainable recovery of aged bitumen and WVCO. Base bitumen was aged in case of short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) in laboratory condition and modified with WVCO ranging from 2 to 10% by weight of bitumen. To determine the effect of WVCO modification on aged bitumen conventional and rheological test methods were utilized. To find the optimum rate of WVCO for full recovery of aged bitumen, an index called Pure Rejuvenation Index (PRI) was specified and applied for each test results. It can be concluded from PRI analyses that WVCO can be used as rejuvenator to recover aged bitumen and approximately 3% and 6% of WVCO are required for ST and LT aged bitumen cases, respectively. However, different test methods yield different optimum rates of WVCO for ST and LT aged bitumen. Recovering of WVCO and aged bitumen by using together may provide environmental protection and conservation of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plants commonly change soil microbial communities in their introduced range, promoting their own growth while inhibiting the growth of native species. This effect can persist even after invasive plants are removed, thereby hindering restoration of disturbed ecosystems. Our aim was to explore how modifying the altered soil microbe community affected the restoration of an area degraded by Ageratina adenophora (Crofton weed), one of the most notorious invasive plants in China. A three-year experiment was performed in the wild. After the removal of A. adenophora, the three antimicrobial drugs Chlorothalonil (BJQ), Carbendazim (DJL), and Streptomycin (LMS) were applied to inhibit the activity of soil microbes. The reestablishment of A. adenophora and recovery of other plant species were investigated, and soil characteristics were evaluated. All three drugs significantly decreased the total biomass of reestablished A. adenophora: relative to the control, BJQ decreased A. adenophora biomass by 46.73%, DJL by 70.69%, and LMS by 96.95%. Further, DJL and LMS significantly increased plant community diversity, as well as the biomass of other plant species. Drug treatment also significantly changed soil fertility and decreased soil enzyme activity. Our data indicated that inhibiting the activity of soil microbes is beneficial for both eradication and replacement of A. adenophora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we aimed to optimize the synthesis stages of S-pregabalin ((S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid), a well-known anticonvulsant drug. We used appropriate solvents and compounds to reach a straightforward and applicable method. The advantages of this research were avoiding use of expensive and environment pollutant reagents and solvents, and also using a recoverable reagent. Discarding prevention of the intermediates and reagents besides attaining a higher yield of the obtained product were the additional achievements. All structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and the purity of S-pregabalin was evaluated using the HPLC assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]