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To ensure quick socio-economic recovery of the communitiesaffected by insurgents’ attacks in the north-eastern Nigeria, the first phase of the mass-housing reconstruction scheme has been completed but with many issues overshadowing the achievement like unsatisfactory involvement of local beneficiary communities;poor cooperation among key stakeholders; and communication gaps between donors, construction companies and local beneficiaries, which results inlow quality housing products. Therefore, it became necessary to ensure that only contractors who satisfactorily passed the efficiency test are allowed to participate in the subsequent phases of the reconstruction scheme. Thus, this paper provides quantitative technique for evaluating the efficiency of contractors in managing the housing reconstruction.It is expected that the techniquewill seek to guide informed decisions on the efficiency of managing the reconstruction scheme, which is in different phases and locations. Although the evidences on which the results of this study emanate from reconstruction of building structures experiences in some parts of Nigeria, the technique developedcould be adopted in other areas faced with similar issues.This paper updated existing knowledgeon the management of mass-housing reconstructionworks and offers support to decision-makers and practitioners involved in managing reconstruction of building structures affected by insurgency

Iran is one of the countries with a relatively high vulnerability to earthquakes and experiences several seismic events every year. Since recorded history, earthquakes have frequently struck the Iran plateau, taking a heavy toll. The city of Baravat, a small town near Bam city, is located in the southeast of Kerman province in Iran. The major economic drivers of Baravat are farming and gardening as the city has large orchards of palm groves. According to the Statistical Centre of Iran, Bam had a population of 70,000 in 1996 and its population in the rural and urban areas reached 142,376 in January 2003. In the very early hours of 26th December 2003, a devastating and strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 struck Bam, one of the historical cities of Kerman province in the south of Iran. According to the official reports, more than 30,000 were killed and about 25,000 injured. More than 80% of the town’s buildings were also destroyed. The 2003 bam earthquake is important in terms of notable physical damage, financial losses, high death toll, the characteristic features of the earthquake, the extent of damaged area, unique features of the region, the process of providing temporary housing and its reconstruction process. The post-disaster reconstruction managers faced fundamental questions and challenges, due to a high number of human losses and related social issues, extensive damage to the historical town, and also a lack of experience in urban reconstruction. In the absence of any post-disaster urban reconstruction experience in Iran, except post-war reconstruction experience in cities, there were many questions about reconstruction management process of the damaged area. The performance of reconstruction management in housing provision was considerably different from previous reconstruction projects in Iran, because of factors, such as the performance of the governmental and international agencies, adoption of new managerial approaches and the application of appropriate reconstruction methods. As a result, it is important to evaluate the reconstruction management of Bam and Baravat areas through analyzing people’s satisfaction and to learn their perceptions about the strengths and weaknesses of this program. This study investigates factors influential in people’s satisfaction level about the performance of reconstruction managers in Baravat. The level and performance of managers according to people’s satisfaction level is analyzed and the weaknesses and strengths of reconstruction management are explained. Finally, regarding the weaknesses and strengths of reconstruction in this case study, the paper provides a number of strategies for improving the reconstruction management processes in future disasters.

Following major disasters, stakeholders appropriate substantial resources for permanent housing reconstruction to mitigate disaster risk and to facilitate sustainable community resilience to disasters. Many stakeholders have, however, identified permanent housing reconstruction as one of the least successful humanitarian interventions as many housing interventions fail to achieve their intended outcomes. As a result, there have been calls for evidence-based studies to provide guidance for policy-makers and practitioners towards effective management of permanent housing programmes. This paper seeks to identify the issues that influence the effective management of permanent housing interventions and the measures that could be applied to manage those issues. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts in post-disaster reconstruction and analyzed with the aid of NVivo 11 software. The findings served to validate and extend the issues influencing effective implementation of permanent housing interventions which had been identified in earlier research. These issues have been thematically classified into human resource issues; workmanship and quality issues; monitoring and control issues; coordination and communication issues; logistics and supplies issues; financial management issues; and health and safety issues. The study further identifies and presents the integrated measures that can be applied by policy-makers and practitioners to manage these issues and thus promote effective permanent housing reconstruction programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After large scale disasters, reconstruction is often initiated by stakeholders to minimize disaster impacts and to mitigate a recurrence. For most reconstruction programmes, priority is given to reconstruction of permanent housing in consideration of the multiplying effects of housing reconstruction on social and economic recovery and the development of community resilience. However, numerous challenges arise during implementation which have reportedly been poorly managed and this has resulted in the ineffectiveness of housing reconstruction programmes and the failure of housing interventions to achieve their intended goals. In previous, related research, the issues affecting the implementation of housing reconstruction programmes were identified and a conceptual framework proposed. This study systematically reviews the academic literature, case studies and working papers in order to identify measures that have been applied by managers of reconstruction programmes to overcome these previously identified issues. The measures identified will be used to develop the previously proposed conceptual framework and thus to enable data collection through an experts' opinion survey. Findings from the experts' opinion survey will, in turn, be used to deduce best practice measures for managing permanent housing reconstruction programmes. This study is intended to aid policy making by providing stakeholders with good practice measures for managing issues in post-disaster housing reconstruction. In addition, it improves the knowledge base by presenting current housing reconstruction management practices and recommending how they can be improved for better community recovery and resilience building after large-scale disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to improve the management of housing reconstruction programmes. Post-disaster housing reconstruction represents a significant portion of global property investment but its management has often proved to be ineffective. Although the post-disaster context makes management more challenging, it also offers exceptional opportunities to invest in and develop a more resilient built environment. On the basis of a systematic review of the existing literature, characteristics of the housing reconstruction context and successes, failures and management issues arising from historical housing reconstruction programmes were identified. These were synthesized into a conceptual framework that relates the contextual characteristics with management strategies and with the desired outcomes for housing reconstruction initiatives. This framework will enable field data collection in order to better understand the interrelationships between context, management strategies and outcomes. Ultimately, it is intended to provide practitioners with decision support tools for selecting appropriate housing reconstruction management strategies.

In the very early hours of 26th December 2003, a devastating and strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 on Richter scale struck Bam, one of the historical cities of Kerman province in the south of Iran. According to the official reports, more than 30,000 people were killed and about 25,000 injured. More than 80% of buildings were also destroyed. After the disaster, Bam’s reconstruction management process confronted a lot of challenges and faced many fundamental questions. The number of human losses and related social issues, extensive destruction of the historical town, and also the lack of enough experience in reconstruction of a city or town made the reconstruction project of Bam more complicated. 3 The essay tries to explain public participation in Bam reconstruction procedure. The research has been carried out based on descriptive- analytical method. Subsequent data has been collected from related documents of reconstruction and initial data has been gathered by field survey. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to check questionnaires accuracy. The coefficient obtained was about 0.98% . The result shows that Bam reconstruction has been carried out based on a model that emphasize on identity and resistance. This model tried to attract public participation in debris removal, housing units design and provision of construction materials. The participation in debris removal and designing was more successful than other domains. Although Bam reconstruction model prepared a suitable context for participation but it could not present a real one. Ideal participation is achievable if it is executed with capacity building and empowerment.

There is an urgent need to improve the management of housing reconstruction programmes. Post-disaster housing reconstruction represents a significant portion of global property investment but its management has often proved to be ineffective. Although the post-disaster context makes management more challenging, it also offers exceptional opportunities to invest in and develop a more resilient built environment. On the basis of a systematic review of the existing literature, characteristics of the housing reconstruction context and successes, failures and management issues arising from historical housing reconstruction programmes were identified. These were synthesized into a conceptual framework that relates the contextual characteristics with management strategies and with the desired outcomes for housing reconstruction initiatives. This framework will enable field data collection in order to better understand the interrelationships between context, management strategies and outcomes. Ultimately, it is intended to provide practitioners with decision support tools for selecting appropriate housing reconstruction management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently world's natural disasters are occurring frequently. The feasibility of reconstruction management programs plays a significant role. From timeliness, planning and design management, project tendering management, quality management, schedule management, capital management and acceptance management, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the model of evaluating the feasibility of the reconstruction area management program was established. Comparing to Lushan Liming village, Mianzhu Hanwang and Qinghai Yushu, the conclusion was that Lushan Liming village was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This research aims to examine three housing projects implemented by local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and planned by local architects after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 in rural South India. The key to the acceptance of post-disaster houses lies in meeting the peoples’ wishes and needs, and in integrating local know-how into the course of the project process (a premise intensively discussed in theory). After the tsunami of 2004, many (NGOs) appointed architects, assuming that these professionals would be qualified to facilitate the implementation of people-oriented houses (and villages). However, the architects’ roles vary significantly, which had, as will be shown here, a considerable impact on the degree of success of the project. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data for this study were gathered through household questionnaires (110); informal interaction; participant-observation (work assignment: 2.5 years; field survey: 4 months); semi-structured interviews (NGO representatives, architects and engineers). Secondary literature was studied on post-disaster housing, building cultures and cultures of knowledge. Findings – This study reveals that, in the course of rural post-disaster reconstruction, there is a crying need to appoint the “right” personnel having, first of all, the capacity to comply with the social dynamics at project level, and, second, being able to address those aspects critical for the realization of people-oriented housing. Architects can be a valuable resource for both the NGO and the villagers. However, this paper shows that key to this is, among other considerations, a thorough understanding of the rural (building) culture, its abilities and requirements, the strategic interplay of various roles and abilities during the course of an intricate building process and the design of appropriate roles for adequately-skilled architects. Originality/value – To this date, the debate on the role of architects in the context of post-disaster housing has neglected to examine empirically the implications of appointing these professionals in rural post-disaster contexts. This paper addresses this imbalance and complements the existing corpus of work by examining the impact of different roles of architects on the degree of success of the project at village level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the very early hours of 26th December 2003, a devastating and strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 struck Bam, one of the historical cities of Kerman province in the south of Iran. According to the official reports, more than 30,000 were killed and about 25,000 injured. More than 80% of the town’s buildings were also destroyed. After the disaster, Bam’s reconstruction management process was presented with a lot of challenges and faced many fundamental questions. The number of human losses and related social issues, extensive destruction of the historical town, and also the lack of good experience in the reconstruction of a city or town made the reconstruction project of Bam more complicated. The reconstruction of Bam was the most important post-disaster reconstruction project among recent reconstructions in Iran. Many factors, such as concern over the government and international agencies, the new managerial approaches, and the application of appropriate reconstruction methods, made it different from the other reconstruction programs. Thus, the post-earthquake reconstruction of Bam is investigated in this research with respect to the importance of this issue. The aim behind this article is to give a brief explanation of the earthquake reconstruction management policies in Bam and also the plans for the reconstruction and rebuilding of urban residential and commercial units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an international consensus for housing to be "built back better" (BBB) following disasters, and the considerable resources expended on reconstruction efforts globally, the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction programmes often leaves much to be desired. This research presents a framework for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries based on a comprehensive identification of the issues affecting the management of reconstruction programmes and the management measures which have proved effective in mitigating these issues and achieving the desired BBB outcomes. The framework highlights the strategic importance of preparedness measures that should be taken before the next disaster strikes and the cross-cutting nature of capacity building and beneficiary community engagement measures that are essential to all stages of the post-disaster reconstruction process. The research findings are limited to developing countries, as the evidence on which they are based is almost entirely from post-disaster housing experiences in the developing world. The framework may, however, be adapted to different, specific post-disaster reconstruction contexts. This research has compiled, extended and up-dated current knowledge regarding the management of housing reconstruction programmes and it provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]