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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Facial nerve paralysis is a debilitating condition with multiple etiologies, with aesthetic, functional, psychological and social impact. Given the complex multitude of causes that may generate such condition, a therapeutic algorithm is mandatory when attempting reconstruction. Severity, timing, patient adherence to a rehabilitation program, status of ipsilateral and contralateral facial nerves and particularities of each patient are all criteria which should be accounted when choosing a treatment option. After initial assessment, a variable treatment panel is available based on condition type include medicamentous therapy, rehabilitation program, dynamic and static procedures surgical procedures, having as primary aim functional restoration achieving aesthetic balanced facial features. This paper summarizes current knowledge in facial paralysis reconstruction and presents an algorithmic approach that eases decision making and therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Between 1600 and 1800, Beulake was a peat-dredging village of reasonable size. Peat dredging was profitable but caused permanent land loss and flooding. During the first half of the 18th century, peat-dredging seems to have brought some prosperity, but then a decline set in. The village eventually disappeared due to two severe storms in 1775 and 1776. This article examines the spatial structure of the former village and the socioeconomic conditions of its residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Theologia Catholica is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconstruction of bone defects still represents a great challenge for surgeons mainly because it is aimed to properly restore the site of the defect, to maintain the motor and sensate function, and, not lastly, to recreate or maintain the aesthetics of the region. The fibular flap is a great choice for bone defect reconstruction, with a large array of clinical utilization, but insufficiently used because of its demanding technique of harvesting. The ability to transfer simultaneously bone, muscle and skin in a one-stage vascular anastomosis makes this flap even more appealing when addressing composite defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary artery aneurysms are rare entities usually associated with congenital anomalies that increase blood fl ow/pressure in the pulmonary circulation, like left to right shunts and/or severe pulmonary valve pathologies. Clear recommendations about their management are lacking. We report on a case of severe congenital pulmonary valve stenosis associated with a giant pulmonary artery aneurysm, secondary right ventricular outfl ow tract obstruction and right to left atrial shunt. We discuss the diagnostic pathway, therapeutic approach and patient evolution. The case report proves that a complete imaging of the heart and blood vessels is mandatory with severe pulmonary valve stenosis, in order to better describe its repercussions on the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation. They might be under detected by simple transthoracic echocardiography but their presence has important therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The field of reconstructive surgery of the accidental main bile duct lesions involves several major categories, which, in turn, enroll some distinct phases due to their evolutionary characteristics. Each of these stages enforce different therapeutic options that are in close connection with the morphological and pathologic appearance of ductal lesions, which differ substantially depending mainly upon the timing of the diagnosis. Material and method: We bring into attention a collection of 4 cases with immediately recognized intraoperative lesions of the main biliary pathways that occurred during laparoscopic procedures for biliary lithiasis, since 2001. Although all cases fall into the same category of lesions, the circumstances being different so did the solutions adopted, tailored to the reality of the intraoperative findings, however the common ground was represented by the extraperitoneal drainage. Conclusions: Our short suite of clinical case presentation manages to draw attention to some interesting conclusions, such as it is somehow hazardous and not practical to compare clinical results obtained with various surgical techniques, since those are often in close connection with the details and particularities of the case; no single-center clinical experience, even if it is backed up by a large number of cases, can be imposed as a golden standard in resolving these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lack of specific symptoms causes late presentation for patients with advanced T-stage malignant tumors (T3-T4) of the hypopharynx. This fact restricts surgical options to total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy or total laryngectomy with circular pharyngectomy. In most of these cases pharyngeal reconstruction, using flaps, is mandatory. Method:We present the case of a 61 years old male who underwent surgery for a malignant tumor of the right pyriform sinus extended to the base of the tongue and right tonsil. A total laryngectomy associated with partial pharyngectomy, partial resection of the base of tongue and right tonsillectomy were performed. The reconstruction of the lateral pharyngeal wall was achieved using a myocutaneous pediculated sternocleidomastoid flap. Results: The nasogastric tube was removed after 21 days. No pharyngocutaneous fistula was recorded. The follow up at 3, 6, and 9 months showed no signs of recurrence. Discussions: We consider that the sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap represents a valuable resource in the reconstruction of the lateral pharyngeal wall defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over time, the building materials and the construction methods have evolved from simple to complex, from massive to slender. The study and development of rehabilitation and modernization methods for existent structures is a permanent concern of civil engineers and it is an activity which involves a team effort in order to preserve the specific characteristics of a certain building, but also to try and find new methods for modernizing the existing ones with respect to the efficiency and costs generated. The aim of this paper is to present the rehabilitation process of a building, the expertise and the analysis of the best options chosen for the modernization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The fi eld of reconstructive surgery of the accidental main bile duct lesions involves several major categories, which, in turn, enroll some distinct phases due to their evolutionary characteristics. Each of these stages enforce different therapeutic options that are in close connection with the morphological and pathologic appearance of ductal lesions, which differ substantially depending mainly upon the timing of the diagnosis. Material and method: We bring into attention a collection of 4 cases with immediately recognized intraoperative lesions of the main biliary pathways that occurred during laparoscopic procedures for biliary lithiasis, since 2001. Although all cases fall into the same category of lesions, the circumstances being different so did the solutions adopted, tailored to the reality of the intraoperative fi ndings, however the common ground was represented by the extraperitoneal drainage. Conclusions: Our short suite of clinical case presentation manages to draw attention to some interesting conclusions, such as it is somehow hazardous and not practical to compare clinical results obtained with various surgical techniques, since those are often in close connection with the details and particularities of the case; no single-center clinical experience, even if it is backed up by a large number of cases, can be imposed as a golden standard in resolving these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Romanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (REW), lat. frater was inherited in Romance languages with one (it. frate, rom. frate) or two (fr. frère) vibrant speech sounds and with two meanings "brother" and/or „monk". Christianity loaded semantically much of the Latin lexicon, and some Romance words keep only the new meaning. The early Christians, disciples of Jesus Christ, were designated as "Christians" from outside, and as "brothers" from inside, first by Jesus Christ himself, and then between them (rom. fraţi în Hristos, fr. frères en Jésus-Christ). Lat. frater with the meaning "christian" is attested at the end of the second century and the biblical attestations make from this meaning a biblical meaning. During the fourth century AD, with the emergence of the monasticism, lat. frater is used as a title between monks (meaning "monk" attested at the end of the fourth century). Opinions are divided on the casual Latin form from which come the Romance words: nominative frater or accusative fratrem with Latin or Romance dissimilation of vibrant speech sounds. The dissimilate form conserved in Sardinian, the Protoromance and Romance semantic variation in kinship and religious field are just a few reasons for formal and semantic reconstruction of Protorom. */'fratr-e/, using comparative grammar reconstruction developped in the project Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the reconstructive method as a complementary method to the traditional Romance etymology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microtia is an uncommon pathology that is defined by a hypoplasia of the pinna. Multiple reconstructive surgeries have been developed. Nowadays, autologous rib cartilage reconstruction and Medpor implant reconstruction are the most widely used techniques. Total ear reconstruction for microtia depends on the degree of severity of hypoplasia. The goal is the reconstruction of an auricle with an appearance as close as possible to that of a normal ear. Even though the auricle is only a small part of the body, it is probably one of the most complex structures. That is why ear reconstruction is one of the most difficult tasks for a plastic surgeon. In this paper, we present a four-stage ear reconstruction in a case of a five-year-old girl with microtia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The key elements in order to understand the interrelationships between the vital bone and different implant devices are represented by the acknowledging the bone formation process and structural components of the osseous tissue, of the evolution dynamics and bone reactivity towards different favourable and unfavourable influences, of the determining factors for the bone structure and reconstruction. Factors that disadvantage the osteogenetic potential are: age, nutritional diseases, endocrinopathies, ionizing radiation treatment, alcoholism and tabacosis. In stimulating and favouring osteogenesis and osteo reconstruction are used: tissue grafts, osteo substituents, growth hormones stimulating osteoblast function, materials guiding osteogenesis, hydroxyapatite and phosphorus-calcium materials as well as tissue growth factors specific to the bony tissue. For the process of implantation on some different devices in orthopedic practice, examination of the structure and bone density offers important information regarding osseointegration perspectives of future implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stimulus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objectives of the restoration of mandibula are three-dimensional reconstruction and functionality reestablishing, with minimal functional disorders and maintaining control of the disease. Currently we focus on reducing costs related to the effectiveness of the method of reconstruction. For these reasons, the ideal method of reconstruction is still controversial. There are a variety of techniques described in the literature, using both the autologous graft and the alloplastic materials. In this article we approach a technique originally used in our clinic with good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ACL rupture is in the most cases a sporting accident, due to the patient feels pain in knee joint, accompanied by regional deformation, enlarging joint volume and experiencing partial functional impotence. In our case, both tests for the instability of the knee joint were positive. After laboratory investigations consisting in sagittal radiography of the knee joint to rule out any bone lesions, MRI is done, putting it accurate diagnosis of ACL injury, more precisely an ACL rupture. For therapeutic purpose is decided arthroscopy, ACL reconstruction was done using semitendinosus muscle tendon. Functional recovery takes between 6-8 months, mainly consisting of physiotherapy. Evolution is very good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]