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In rational synthesis, we automatically construct a reactive system that satisfies its specification in all rational environments, namely environments that have objectives and act to fulfill them. We complete the study of the complexity of LTL rational synthesis, when the objectives are given by formulas in Linear Temporal Logic. Our contribution is threefold. First, we tighten the known upper bounds for settings that were left open in earlier work. Second, our complexity analysis is parametric, and we describe tight upper and lower bounds in each of the problem parameters: the game graph, the objectives of the system components, and the objectives of the environment components. Third, we generalize the definition of rational synthesis by adding hostile players to the setting and by combining the cooperative and non-cooperative approaches studied in earlier work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly active and stable non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts are urgently demanded in overall water splitting. Herein, tunable precursor ratio synthesis of cobalt-based ZIFs as a template derived active cobalt embedded N-doped carbon (Co@NC) catalyst. The rational synthesis of ZIF templates significantly impacts the complex nanostructure and properties of the catalyst (Co@NC). Consequently, the different nanostructures on Co@NC exhibit significance for the electrocatalyst of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The optimized Co@NC-20 provides excellent electrocatalytic activity with the lowest overpotential of 172 and 301 mV for HER and OER, respectively, at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The bifunctional Co@NC-20 reveals a potential for overall water splitting as low as 1.68 V of 10 mA cm−2. After continuously working for 24h, the exceptional stability activity maintains 75% of the catalytic performance on Co@NC-20. The beneficial character in the synergistic effects between high-active Co species with well-protection of the metal core by carbon shell promotes their excellent performance. This study provides an essential reference for the rational design of ZIF templates for electrocatalysts with more complex structures in the future. [Display omitted] • Rational fabrication Co-ZIF template for sacrificial into Co@NC. • Ratio precursors (M:L) impact in structure/morphologies Co-ZIF template. • High efficient Co@NC electrocatalysts of OER/HER for water splitting reaction. • High active Co/N species for superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. • The carbon shell's well-protected core active site indicates good long-time stability features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing theme in chemistry is the joining of multiple organic molecular building blocks to create functional molecules. Diverse derivatizable structures—here termed “scaffolds” comprised of “hubs”—provide the foundation for systematic covalent organization of a rich variety of building blocks. This review encompasses 30 tri- or tetra-armed molecular hubs (e.g., triazine, lysine, arenes, dyes) that are used directly or in combination to give linear, cyclic, or branched scaffolds. Each scaffold is categorized by graph theory into one of 31 trees to express the molecular connectivity and overall architecture. Rational chemistry with exacting numbers of derivatizable sites is emphasized. The incorporation of water-solubilization motifs, robust or self-immolative linkers, enzymatically cleavable groups and functional appendages affords immense (and often late-stage) diversification of the scaffolds. Altogether, 107 target molecules are reviewed along with 19 syntheses to illustrate the distinctive chemistries for creating and derivatizing scaffolds. The review covers the history of the field up through 2020, briefly touching on statistically derivatized carriers employed in immunology as counterpoints to the rationally assembled and derivatized scaffolds here, although most citations are from the past two decades. The scaffolds are used widely in fields ranging from pure chemistry to artificial photosynthesis and biomedical sciences.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs of humans and accounts for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria as the etiologic agent. In this study, we introduce a computational framework designed to identify the important chemical features crucial for the effective inhibition of Mtb β-CAs. Through applying a mechanistic model, we elucidated the essential features pivotal for robust inhibition. Using this model, we engineered molecules that exhibit potent inhibitory activity and introduce relevant novel chemistry. The designed molecules were prioritized for synthesis based on their predicted pKi values via the QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) model. All the rationally designed and synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro against different carbonic anhydrase isoforms expressed from the pathogen Mtb; moreover, the off-target and widely human-expressed CA I and II were also evaluated. Among the reported derivatives, 2, 4, and 5 demonstrated the most valuable in vitro activity, resulting in promising candidates for the treatment of TB infection. All the synthesized molecules exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles based on in silico predictions. Docking analysis confirmed that the zinc-binding groups bind effectively into the catalytic triad of the Mtb β-Cas, supporting the in vitro outcomes with these binding interactions. Furthermore, molecules with good prediction accuracies according to previously established mechanistic and QSAR models were utilized to delve deeper into the realm of systems biology to understand their mechanism in combating tuberculotic pathogenesis. The results pointed to the key involvement of the compounds in modulating immune responses via NF-κβ1, SRC kinase, and TNF-α to modulate granuloma formation and clearance via T cells. This dual action, in which the pathogen's enzyme is inhibited while modulating the human immune machinery, represents a paradigm shift toward more effective and comprehensive treatment approaches for combating tuberculosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

We introduce an extension of Strategy Logic for the imperfect-information setting, called SLii and study its model-checking problem. As this logic naturally captures multi-player games with imperfect information, this problem is undecidable; but we introduce a syntactical class of “hierarchical instances” for which, intuitively, as one goes down the syntactic tree of the formula, strategy quantifications are concerned with finer observations of the model, and we prove that model-checking SLii restricted to hierarchical instances is decidable. This result, because it allows for complex patterns of existential and universal quantification on strategies, greatly generalises the decidability of distributed synthesis for systems with hierarchical information. It allows us to easily derive new decidability results concerning strategic problems under imperfect information such as the existence of Nash equilibria or rational synthesis. To establish this result, we go through an intermediary, “low-level” logic much more adapted to automata techniques. QCTL∗ is an extension of CTL∗ with second-order quantification over atomic propositions that has been used to study strategic logics with perfect information. We extend it to the imperfect information setting by parameterising second-order quantifiers with observations. The simple syntax of the resulting logic, QCTL∗ ii, allows us to provide a conceptually neat reduction of SLii to QCTL∗ ii that separates concerns, allowing one to forget about strategies and players and focus solely on second-order quantification. While the model-checking problem of QCTL∗ ii is, in general, undecidable, we identify a syntactic fragment of hierarchical formulas and prove, using an automata-theoretic approach, that it is decidable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The rational synthesis of homogeneously surface embedded cobalt clusters: g-C 3 N 4 system. • The cobalt clusters are successfully stabilized via NH 2 -bpy moieties. • Resulted photocatalyst was effective for the CO 2 reduction under sunlight irradiation. • Achieved very high rate of conversion (CO 2 to CO) and apparent quantum yield (3.2% at 420 nm). • A new one-step strategy to prepare metal clusters embedded photocatalysts. Metal clusters catalyst embedded in semiconductors is the key factor for an efficient photocatalyst toward photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. However, developing a simple method to synthesize such photocatalyst with these features has remained challenging. Herein, a rational one-step synthesis of cobalt clusters embedded in g-C 3 N 4 layers is developed for an enhanced photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. The tiny cobalt clusters are embedded into the g-C 3 N 4 structure and stabilized through the interaction with NH 2 -bpy moieties. Besides, the ligands of cobalt complex can copolymerize with urea during the synthesis owing to the presence of amino groups, thus providing a direct electron transfer between carbon nitride and cobalt clusters, which act as the light harvester and active reduction site, respectively. Consequently, a volcano relationship between the CO generation rate and the cobalt clusters incorporated into the carbon nitride matrix was found. Under optimized conditions, representative C 3 N 4 -0.5CoO x exhibits the very high CO generation rate of 2.6 μmol.h−1. Its apparent quantum yield of 3.2% at 420 nm and 1.0% at 460 nm, which is one of the highest values reported so far. The finding offers new opportunities for designing metal clusters catalysts toward photocatalytic CO 2 reduction based on the judicious use of the metal complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that molecular precursors, combining six given segment types, can produce all carbon nanotubes of chiralities larger than (9,0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented here are the synthesis, characterization and study (using single crystal X‐ray diffraction, Raman scattering, quantum mechanics calculations) of the structures of a series of biphenyls substituted in positions 3, 3′, 4 and 4′ with a variety of R (R = methyl, acetyl, hexyl) groups connected to the biphenyl core through oxygen atoms. The molecular conformation, particularly the torsion angle between aromatic rings has been extensively studied both in the solid as well as in the liquid state. The results show that the compounds appearing as rigorously planar in the solid present instead a twisted conformation in the melt. The solid versus melt issue strongly suggests that the reasons for planarity are to be found in the packing restraints. A 'rule of thumb' is suggested for the design of biphenyls with different molecular conformations, based on the selection of the OR substituent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphology-controlled synthesis of particles by controlling chemical diffusion and reaction was reviewed in this paper, together with a perspective in building up a general model for the structure design and rational synthesis of materials. • A new approach for the rational synthesis of materials is developed. • By tuning diffusion and reaction, diverse shapes of silver particles are synthesized. • Dendritic structures are rationally synthesized by the new method. • The rationality relies on a control on chemical distributions around growing crystals. • Different concentration gradient leads to the diversity of morphologies. This paper is a review of the progress and perspective of an approach for morphology controlled synthesis of particles by tuning chemical diffusion and reaction. Rational synthesis of materials with designed structures is a long term dream of scientists and engineers. The challenges of this dream lie in the poor understanding on the formation mechanism of diverse structures and the insufficient ability to program structure evolutions. From a view of chemical engineering, a shape-controlled synthesis of particles by regulating chemical diffusion and reaction was developed, which was experimentally confirmed by synthesizing diverse morphologies of silver particles at different diffusion and reaction and synthesizing similar dendritic structures of various materials at diffusion limitation. Diffusion and reaction determines the chemical distribution in the growth front of particles, which drives the anisotropic growth of particles, forming diverse morphologies. Ongoing study focuses on the dynamic stability of structure evolution, to establish a general model for structure design and rational synthesis by considering both the local environment and the nature of materials under the concept of mesoscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The independent discoveries by Haruta and Hutchings in 1987 that suitably prepared, nanoscale Au particles (1-5 nm in size) are exceptionally active for CO oxidation and activation of other small molecules, under very mild conditions (even < O oC) has changed our traditional perception that gold surfaces are chemically inert towards most molecules and not catalytically very active. After 33 years since those pioneering discoveries, it is now firmly established that nanoscale Au (in the "quantum" size range of 1-5 nm), finely dispersed on suitable "reducible" supports, such as TiO2, Fe2O3, CeO2, and Mn2O3, are exceptionally effective catalysts for CO oxidation, at low temperatures, with stoichiometric conversions and chemical selectivities (to CO2). In part A of this Series, we delineate and discuss the rational methods for synthesis of small metallic Au particles, including colloidal methods, micelles and inverse micelles, microemulsions, and deposition-precipitation (D.-P.) method, and examine their catalytic applications, significant from scientific and commercial perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel Bi 2 WO 6 -Fe 2 WO 6 heterojunction (BWFO-10) was designed and fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process for the first time, in which rational synthesis of single-phase BiFeWO x and phase separated Bi 2 WO 6 -Fe 2 WO 6 heterojunction was achieved by adjusting the pH value. More importantly, the 3D flower-like BWFO-10 superstructures was successfully synthesized at pH 10, which overcame the challenge of developing methods to synthesize Bi 2 WO 6 superstructures under strong alkaline condition. Compared with pure BiFeWO x (62%), FWO (47%) and BWO (51%), the as-synthesized BWFO-10 composites exhibited a superior photocatalytic oxidation NO (∼400 ppm) activity (91%) under visible light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation, which was ascribed to the effective separation of the photoinduced charge carriers, evinced by transient photocurrent and EIS measurements. The radical trapping experiment revealed that the h + and OH were the important active species. And the test of stability revealed that the BWFO-10 composite could act as a desired photocatalyst for the oxidation of NO generated from fossil fuel combustion. A possible mechanism of the PCO of NO over BWFO-10 composites and the different evolution of crystal structures, growth and phase-change process had been concisely discussed. The study filled the gap of the currently reported synthesis method that 3D flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 superstructure is not synthesized in alkaline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly uniform Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 submicroboxes with hollow and core – shell structure have been synthesized for the first time by a facile and feasible multi-step method. A detail formation mechanism has been proposed based on the chemical and structural characterization, which consists of the part self sacrificing, in situ growth, etching, in situ hydrolysis coating and heat treatment process. The unique firm hollow core – shell structure of Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 made itself exhibit an enhanced lithium storage performance compared to the hollow Mn 3 O 4 /CuO. The TiO 2 coatings not only reinforce the hollow structure but also improve the conductivity, which result in the improved electrochemical performance. Typically, a specific capacity of 583 mA h g −1 (92.8% of the theoretical capacity of 628 mA h g −1 ) and 97.1% capacity retention (compared with the 2nd discharge capacity) after 150 cycles at 0.2 A g −1 were obtained from the hollow core – shell Mn 3 O 4 /CuO@TiO 2 . This work not only provides a promising strategy to solve the rapid capacity fading and large structure damage of metal oxides but also makes a contribution to the design and synthesis of metal oxides with hollow or core – shell structures for various structure-based applications, such as gas sensors, catalysis and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-framework aluminophosphates (AlPOs) is an important family of porous crystal materials. But the synthetic chemistry of this kind of materials is very complicated, and the synthesis mechanism has not been clearly understood yet. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Feature Selection Model (HFSM) composed of two layers to analyze the rational synthetic parameters for the subclass of microporous aluminophosphates (AlPOs) containing (6,8)-rings. In the first layer, we select a feature subset that could separate the (6,8)-ring-containing microporous AlPOs from other AlPOs. In the second layer, we further analyze which of these selected features are critical for the formation of each special subclass in (6,8)-ring-containing microporous AlPOs. With the optimal feature subset selected by the proposed model, we can obtain the highest accuracy rates as 94.28%, 94.03%, 91.27% and 92.20% for the classification of AEN, AWO, CHA and ERI, respectively. Extensive analysis is presented for the synthetic parameters selected by the hierarchical model, which could provide a useful guidance to the rational synthesis of such materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrap up: A specially fluorinated C60 fullerene precursor (see figure) was converted to the target C60 cage by laser ionization, resulting in highly selective HF elimination without any detectable side reactions or undesired fragmentation. The fully selective transformation to the target fullerene has been unambiguously demonstrated from a 13C‐labeled precursor. In general the findings open new horizons for the synthesis of carbon‐based nanomaterials, which cannot be obtained by any conventional alternative method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between synthetic factors and the resulting structures is critical for rational synthesis of zeolites and related microporous materials. In this paper, we develop a new feature selection method for synthetic factor analysis of (6,12)-ring-containing microporous aluminophosphates (AlPOs). The proposed method is based on a maximum weight and minimum redundancy criterion. With the proposed method, we can select the feature subset in which the features are most relevant to the synthetic structure while the redundancy among these selected features is minimal. Based on the database of AlPO synthesis, we use (6,12)-ring-containing AlPOs as the target class and incorporate 21 synthetic factors including gel composition, solvent and organic template to predict the formation of (6,12)-ring-containing microporous aluminophosphates (AlPOs). From these 21 features, 12 selected features are deemed as the optimized features to distinguish (6,12)-ring-containing AlPOs from other AlPOs without such rings. The prediction model achieves a classification accuracy rate of 91.12% using the optimal feature subset. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and deep analysis is given for the synthetic factors selected by the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: t-Butanol was an excellent reaction medium for enzyme-mediated esterification of oleic acid with glycerol for 1,3-diolein preparation which has been proved by our group. Herein, to achieve the rational synthesis of 1,3-diolien, response surface methodology was applied to examine the effects of the significant variables and their reciprocal effects on the product synthesis. Under the optimal conditions (62.4°C, 0.75g Novozym 435, substrate molar ratio (oleic acid/glycerol) 2.4 and 4.8g t-butanol), the diolein yield of 87.4% could be achieved, and the value of 1,3-diolien/diolein was as high as 87.8%, which were quite close to the predicted values. Compared with the results of our previous single factor experiment, although the values of diolein yield and 1,3-diolien/diolein could not be improved markedly, the enzyme dosage and the reaction medium were spared by 25% and 20%, respectively, which was a remarkable improvement of the enzymatic process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Phenylene linkers between tetrapyrrole macrocycles afford defined 3-D architectures. • Phenylene linkers afford rapid rates of energy-, electron-, and hole-transfer processes. • Eight synthetic routes enable construction of phenylene linkers with porphyrins. • Two of the routes are suitable for (bacterio)chlorins for red and NIR applications. • Diverse arrays of metallotetrapyrroles (Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc.) are accessible. Tetrapyrrole macrocycles are central to photosynthesis yet a single macrocycle does not carry out photosynthesis; rather, assemblies of tetrapyrrole macrocycles work in concert in antenna complexes, reaction centers, and electron-transport chains to harvest sunlight, funnel excited-state energy and separate charge for biological use. A longstanding theme in artificial photosynthesis has been to construct covalently linked "arrays" of metalated and free base tetrapyrrole macrocycles for fundamental studies of such processes, which entail excited-state and ground-state interactions. Among linkers in arrays chemistry, the 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-disubstituted phenylene unit has proved very attractive owing to the resulting short distance, defined architecture, and appropriate extent of electronic coupling of adjacent macrocycles to give rapid electron and/or energy transfer while largely retaining desired spectral features. Eight distinct strategies to construct phenylene-linked tetrapyrrole arrays are identified in a review with comprehensive coverage since inception in the early 1970s through mid-year 2021. The arrays predominantly incorporate porphyrins with very few chlorins and bacteriochlorins, reflecting historic availability of synthetic methods for macrocycle formation. Of the eight strategies, only two appear applicable to (bacterio)chlorins. While studies in artificial photosynthesis have largely fueled this field, applications in catalysis have also been examined. Altogether >400 arrays are covered. The review delves into synthesis and molecular design, sketches photophysical properties, and suggests unrealized opportunities in arrays chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Theoretical-experimental integrated approach for MIP development. • In silico models were evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation. • Correlated insight about ligand screening and mechanism of interaction. • Successful drug of abuse functional imprinting and recognition selectivity. • Polymer characterization with FT-IR, MEV, and BET. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) represent an advance in sample preparation techniques due to their inherent functionalized cavities with great rebinding capacity, leading to significant selectivity improvement for the desired target. However, the pursue of optimized MIPs is a very time-consuming process, especially in relation to monomer selection, which demands a considerable amount of synthesis. One strategy to reduce time and consequently minimize the waste of chemicals is to use reliable computational tools capable of providing suitable indications about the most optimal synthesis conditions, including the most appropriate monomer and solvent. These computational tools should accurately describe all parameters involved in the real scenario, such as the number of molecules, solvents, etc. Molecular dynamics methodology was employed in this work to select the most suitable functional monomer for imprinting scopolamine, a known drug of abuse molecule used as the template. The evaluated monomers were acrylic acid (AAC), methacrylic acid (MAA), and acrylamide (ACR). The interactions between template and monomers were characterized in terms of spatial distribution, hydrogen bonds, interaction energy, and crosslinker influence. Additionally, their mechanism of interaction was also discussed. The theoretical results identified acrylamide as the most interactive ligand and the one that suffers less competitive influence from the crosslinker. Imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, MEV, and BET. The imprinting factors (IF) calculated for acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and acrylamide ligands were 1.2, 1.1, and 3.2, respectively, confirming a higher interaction between template and acrylamide, as suggested by simulations. The selectivity of the MIP with acrylamide was tested against atropine and hyoscine. The calculated selectivity factors (β) were 3.40 and 5.25 for atropine and hyoscine, respectively. The theoretical and experimental approaches showed great correlation. In conclusion, this paper offers a comprehensive and integrated protocol for the rational design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A working assumption that processes of natural and cultural evolution have tailored the mind to fit the demands and structure of its environment begs the question: how are we to characterize the structure of cognitive environments? Decision problems faced by real organisms are not like simple multiple-choice examination papers. For example, some individual problems may occur much more frequently than others, whilst some may carry much more weight than others. Such considerations are not taken into account when (i) the performance of candidate cognitive mechanisms is assessed by employing a simple accuracy metric that is insensitive to the structure of the decision-maker's environment, and (ii) reason is defined as the adherence to internalist prescriptions of classical rationality. Here we explore the impact of frequency and significance structure on the performance of a range of candidate decision-making mechanisms. We show that the character of this impact is complex, since structured environments demand that decision-makers trade off general performance against performance on important subsets of test items. As a result, environment structure obviates internalist criteria of rationality. Failing to appreciate the role of environment structure in shaping cognition can lead to mischaracterising adaptive behavior as irrational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To clarify the inconsistent patent literature, the synthesis of Zoledronic and Risedronic acids involving a heterocyclic acetic acid (HAA), phosphorous acid (PA) and phosphorus trichloride (PC) as the reagents, and methanesulfonic acid as the solvent was studied in detail. It was found that the best synthesis can be accomplished at 80°C using HAA and PC in a 1:3.1 molar ratio without any PA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simultaneous control over particle size and framework Ti content are the major challenges of synthesis of efficient TS-1 catalysts. Here we firstly report control over the particle size and framework Ti content of TS-1 catalysts in a wide range through conventional hydrothermal approach, evaluate catalytic performances of obtained TS-1 catalysts, and then rationally design a novel procedure of synthesis. The characterization of TS-1 catalysts by several techniques revealed that synthesis conditions through conventional hydrothermal approach to reach minimum particle size is different than that to reach maximum framework Ti content. The catalytic study of TS-1 catalysts showed that conversion of phenol (kinetic diameter of 0.57 nm) increased with increase in the particle size, reached a maximum of 29.9% for the TS-1 with particle size of 270 nm, and then dropped significantly for the TS-1 with biggest particle size. The conversion of dibenzothiophene (kinetic diameter of 0.9 nm), however, decreased with increase in the particle size and maximum conversion of 69.0% was achieved by the TS-1 with smallest particle size of 130 nm. No TS-1 catalyst synthesized through conventional approach was efficient in oxidation of the both substrates as the catalyst lacks either small particle size or enhanced framework Ti. Based on the property-function results from conventional synthesis, we rationally designed a novel synthesis of TS-1 with minimum water and optimum pH by (NH 4) 2 CO 3 addition to minimize the particle size and maximize framework Ti content, respectively. The resultant TS-1 with both features of small particle size of 185 nm and enhanced framework Ti resulted in full conversions of phenol and bulky substrate of dibenzothiophene and generates the least amount of wastewater. The new approach applied here is promising and applicable to make efficient Lewis-acid zeolites. Image 1 • Systematic synthesis to understand how framework Ti and crystal size of TS-1 changes upon synthesis conditions. • Evaluation of TS-1 in oxidation of various substrates to clarify contribution of internal and external framework Ti. • Design of TS-1 catalyst based on property-function results from systematic study. • Synthesis of efficient TS-1 catalyst with minimum amount of wastewater generation. • Rational synthesis of TS-1 with superior catalytic performance toward oxidation of substrates with different sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tighten your belt: The first aromatic nanobelt has been prepared by Itami and co‐workers. This synthesis of a truncated Vögtle belt constitutes a milestone in long‐standing efforts of numerous chemists. The realization of such a molecule provides not only new opportunities in materials science, but also paves the way to the rational synthesis of carbon nanotubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]