Search

Periodontitis is the 6th most prevalent disease in the world with 11,2% prevalence and 743 million individuals infected. MMP-8 is one of the inflammation biomarkers which is the most MMP found in periodontal diseases. Zinc act as MMP-8 inhibitors, which makes it an alternative treatment to inhibits MMP-8. This research aims to analyze the difference between MMP-8 level in healthy rat saliva and experimental periodontitis rat saliva, and also to analyze the difference between MMP-8 level in periodontitis rat saliva with zinc supplementation and in periodontitis rat saliva without zinc supplementation. This research was done with 30 male Wistar rats as a sample divided into 3 different groups i.e. control group, periodontitis without supplementation group, and periodontitis with supplementation group. Every group saliva specimen was collected and MMP-8 level was examined using ELISA method. MMP-8 level was statistically tested using one-way ANOVA. Statistic test showed a significant difference between the group with p<0,05. This research concludes that zinc supplementation is effective in suppressing MMP-8 level in periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently there has been an increased interest to develop specialised dosage forms that are better suited to specific patient populations, such as paediatrics and geriatrics. In these patient populations the acceptability of the oral dosage form can be paramount to the products success. However, many Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are known to cause an aversive taste response. One way to increase the acceptability and to enhance the palatability of the formulation is to design coated taste-masked particulate-based dosage forms. The masking of poorly tasting drugs with physical barriers such as polymer coatings can be utilised to prevent the release of drug within the oral cavity, thus preventing a taste response. However, currently, there are few assessment tools and models available to test the efficiency of these particulate-based taste-masked formulations. The rat brief access taste aversion model has been shown to be useful in assessment of taste for liquid dosage forms. However, the applicability of the rat model for particulate-based taste masked formulations is yet to be assessed. It is not understood whether dissolution, solubility and thus exposure of the drug to taste receptors would be the same in rat and human. Therefore, rat saliva must be compared to human saliva to determine the likelihood that drug release would be similar within the oral cavity for both species. In this study rat saliva was characterised for parameters known to be important for drug dissolution, such as pH, buffer capacity, surface tension, and viscosity. Subsequently dissolution of model bitter tasting compounds, sildenafil citrate and efavirenz, in rat saliva was compared to dissolution in human saliva. For all parameters characterised and for the dissolution of both drugs in rat saliva, a substantial difference was observed when compared to human saliva. This discrepancy in saliva parameters and dissolution of model drugs suggests that preclinical taste evaluation of particulate-based taste-masked formulations suggests rat is not a good model for predicting taste of solid dosage forms or undissolved drug where dissolution is required. Alternative preclinical in vivo models in other species, or improved biorelevant in vitro models should be considered instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference patterns were established for the antigenic constituents of rat fur, urine and saliva. Using quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques, extensive cross-reactivity was observed between these extracts, and with epithelia, shaved pelt, serum, faeces and dust. No major qualitative sex differences were observed, though levels of certain components differed. Constituents of many source materials were found to show a reaction of partial identity with previously isolated rat urinary allergens; and relative skin test reactivity of a range of these extracts was associated with the amount of urinary allergen present. Material from two different rat strains had similar constituents. Rat source materials did not cross-react with the corresponding extracts from guinea pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-binding proteins which have the characteristics of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.37) regulatory subunits, have been identified in rat and human saliva. Concentration of these proteins was increased in rat saliva after stimulation with isoproterenol, suggesting that they were released during exocytosis. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic activity was not measurable in saliva of either species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Sardinian alcohol-non preferring (sNP) rats have been selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference and consumption. Aiming to verify possible differences at the proteomics level between sP and sNP rats, we investigated the salivary proteome by a a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry top-down-bottom-up integrated approach. For this purpose, submandibular saliva was collected from alcohol-naive sP and sNP rats under isoprenaline stimulation. A total of 200 peptides and proteins were detected and quantified in the two rat lines, 149 of which were characterized in their naturally occurring structure. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006997. Surprisingly, sP rats exhibited marked quantitative and qualitative differences with respect to sNP rats, namely higher levels of proteoforms originating from submandibular gland protein C, and from submandibular rat protein 2, as well as those of several unidentified peptides and proteins. sP rats expressed some proteins not detectable in sNP rats such as the glutamine and glutamic acid-rich protein (GRP)-CB. The isoform GRP-B, detectable in both rat lines, was more abundant in sNP rats. The submandibular saliva of sNP rats was also characterized by very high levels of GRP-B proteolytic peptides and rat salivary protein 1. Whether these differences could contribute to the opposite alcohol preference and consumption of sP and sNP rats is currently unknown and requires further investigation.