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In order to solve the existing problems such as non-standard size, easy deformation and inconvenient movement of the arm of dress form, a movable arm of male dress form was designed and manufactured by using forward and reverse hybrid modeling technology and rapid prototyping technology. According to the point cloud data of human arm obtained by 3D scanner, the arm model was reconstructed by Geomagic and ZBrush software. The shoulder joint connectors were designed by Solidworks software. Then the arm model engraving, joint model printing and connection piece laser cutting were realized by rapid prototyping technology. Finally, the self-made arm of dress form was compared and analyzed with the existing products in the market. The result shows that the self-made arm of dress form not only ensures the accuracy of the size, but also can simulate the basic movements of the human arm swinging back and forth and lifting up and down, which meets the requirements of mobility in sleeve design and provides technical reference for mannequin manufacturing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Undoubtedly, today the innovative training of students is a must, but the problem is how to realize it methodologically, meeting contemporary needs of the state and society. The objective of the article is to design a teaching model that would serve the basis for the methodology of training students in innovative engineering, based on multilevel integration and gradual education, adapted to certain conditions of the educational environment. Materials and Methods. The article developed the methodology for intertwined integrated and interdisciplinary scientific and methodological approaches comprising the unified system. It aimed to develop models of multilevel gradual training of students in innovative engineering. Methods (morphological one, involved in compilation of models for integrating levels and stages of learning; hypothetical-deductive one helping formulate the working hypothesis; experimental one confirming the working hypothesis and aiding to study the efficiency, etc.) and principles (multilevelness and gradualness) formed the basis for the development of models for training in innovative engineering. Results. The morphological table of models of multilevel gradual training of technical university students in IE was developed. One model of interdisciplinary integration of general technical disciplines with various types of activity was implemented using three stages (basic, synthesis-modelling, design and production) within the framework of the business game “Design office”. Model efficiency and the hypothesis were confirmed during the experiment. Discussion and Conclusion. The method was proposed for selecting models of multilevel and gradual training of students in innovative engineering. The methodology for interdisciplinary integration of general technical disciplines with various activities was developed. The methodology of the pedagogical experiment was elaborated for multilevel monitoring of innovative competences’ formedness. All results form the basis for methodological and scientific support in shaping students’ innovative thinking.

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The methodological systems of preparation for innovative engineering activity involve the involvement of students in all stages of the innovation cycle, including obtaining an intangible innovative product. However, the inability to obtain in students a material innovative product reduces the effectiveness of the preparation of these systems. The purpose of this study is to create a methodical system for preparing students for innovative research activities based on their involvement in all stages of obtaining a material innovative product using additive technologies. Materials and Methods. For writing the article the authors used the main points of the integrated approach to learning (integration of theoretical and practical training of innovative research activities and interdisciplinary integration of various branches of science (pedagogy, mathematical modeling, 3D modeling, additive technologies, innovation). Results. The methodical system of training students of technical higher education institution has been created and implemented, ensuring their involvement in all stages of the innovation cycle due to the use of rapid prototyping technologies. The effectiveness of technologies is confirmed by the results of the pedagogical experiment. Discussion and Conclusions. The performed researches allowed to create a methodical system for training students of technical universities of innovative research activities based on rapid prototyping technologies. This method significantly improves the effectiveness of training. It ensures the participation of students in all stages of obtaining a material innovative product: during the study of the course, and during classroom sessions. This method was developed and tested for the implementation at National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. It provides the practical significance of the study considered in the article. Further development of the material presented in the article can be related to the expansion of the infrastructure of the Rapid Pro university center for designing and prototyping and attracting students to manufacturing industrial products.

The manufacturing environment has dramatically changed in the last few years. Worldwide competition among manufacturers and the development of new manufacturing technologies have contributed to today's competitive situation in many manufacturing areas. Advanced computer technology is the driver that has made global manufacturing competition possible. In this paper, the current research of advanced manufacturing technology at major institutions in China is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To build the rapid prototyping (RP) model of penis and adjacent structures through rapid prototyping technology and to clearly display the space position change of penis and adjacent structures. Methods Ten healthy adults recruited from 2009 to 2018 underwent CT scan of penis and adjacent structures in the Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns of The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. The CT data was converted into STL format and the 3D reconstruction was performed by Magics RP software. The RP model of penis and adjacent structures was made by laser rapid prototyping technology. The measurement, design, surgical simulation and prefabrication of personalized penile prosthesis can be carried out directly on this model. Results TThe RP model based on 2D CT scan data can accurate display the morphology, distribution characteristics and 3D anatomical relationship of the interior of the penis and adjacent structures. Conclusion The RP model of penis and adjacent structures lay the foundation for the simulation of adult penis and establishment of the surgical plans. This RP model provides help for clinic, teaching and scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We developed a new estimation system using rapid prototyping technology that focuses on the relationship between the architecture and mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The system uses three-dimensional acrylic resin models of trabecular bone constructed from micro-CT data to predict the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. We used this method to clarify the relationship between loading orientation and bone fragility in the vertebral trabecular bone of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Twenty 6-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (OVX and normal groups). Five rats from each group were killed at 3 and 6 weeks following operations and the L4 vertebra was removed. Bone specimens from both groups were scanned using a micro-CT system. Subsequently, resin models of the bone were fabricated at 60× magnification from the micro-CT data sets using laser stereolithography. The resin models were subjected to compressive testing in three orthogonal orientations corresponding to the craniocaudal, mediolateral, and anteroposterior anatomic axes. The results showed that the elastic modulus and ultimate stress were lower in the models of OVX rats than in the normal rats, the mechanical properties of trabecular bone structure from OVX rats deteriorated with increasing time postoperatively, and the elastic moduli in the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes were especially reduced relative to the decrease in the craniocaudal axis in the OVX rats.

Based on Vacuum Differential Pressure Casting (VDPC) precision forming technology and the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology, a rapid manufacturing method called Rapid Precision Casting (RPC) process from computer three-dimensional solid models to metallic parts was investigated. The experimental results showed that the main advantage of RPC was not only its ability to cast higher internal quality and more accurate complex thin-walled aluminum alloy parts, but also the greatly-reduced lead time cycle from Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) plastic prototyping to metallic parts. The key forming technology of RPC for complex thin-walled metallic parts has been developed for new casting production and Rapid Tooling (RT), and it is possible to rapidly manufacture high-quality and accurate metallic parts by means of RP in foundry industry.

The paper will explore natural and 3D technological environments from a research creation approach. It will analyze the ways in which the 3D digital medium may extend the artist's relationship with time, space, and materiality; the impacts of the digital environment on the artist's creative process; and the outcomes that reflect on a visual aesthetic literacy traditionally informed by analogue means. The paper will inquire into the significance of the volatility, impalpability, and mutability of the digital medium, which sociologist and philosopher Jean Baudrillard describes thus: "The medium itself is no longer identifiable as such, and the merging of the medium and the message (McLuhan) is the first great formula of this new age. There is no longer any medium in the literal sense: it is now intangible, diffuse and diffracted in the real, and it can no longer even be said that the latter is distorted by it." (Baudrillard, Simulations 54). From an artist's perspective, and reflecting human and media ecology discourses, the paper is intended to stimulate creative exploration of natural and technological environments, both of which are increasingly embedded in the societal values of the world in which we live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To establish a new method of presurgical alveolar molding using computer aided design (CAD) in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). METHODS: Ten infants with complete UCLP were recruited. A maxillary impression was taken at the first examination after birth. The study model was scanned by a non-contact three-dimensional laser scanner and a digital model was constructed and analyzed to simulate the alveolar molding procedure with reverse engineering software (RapidForm 2006). The digital geometrical data were exported to produce a scale model using rapid prototyping technology. The whole set of appliances was fabricated based on these solid models. RESULTS: The digital model could be viewed and measured from any direction by the software. By the end of the NAM treatment before surgical lip repair, the cleft was narrowed and the malformation of alveolar segments was aligned normally, significantly improving nasal symmetry and nostril shape. CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical NAM using CAD could simplify the treatment procedure and estimate the treatment objective, which enabled precise control of the force and direction of the alveolar segments movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid Prototyping (RP) presents the automatic production of physical parts using by additive manufacturing technology. The start techniques for Rapid Prototyping became available in the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts. Today they are used for a much wider range of applications and are even used to manufacture production-quality parts in relatively small numbers. Rapid Prototyping is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, medical, and consumer products industries. In paper is presented process of design product development, product production and testing of products produced by Fused Deposition Modelling rapid prototyping technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Opportunities for developing procedural skills are progressively rare. Therefore, sophisticated educational tools are highly warranted. Methods: This study compared stereolithography and 3-dimensional printing for simulating cerebral aneurysm surgery. The latter jets multiple materials simultaneously and thus has the ability to print assemblies of multiple materials with different features. The authors created the solid skull and the cerebral vessels in different materials to simulate the real aneurysm when clipped. Results: Precise plastic replicas of complex anatomical data provide intuitive tactile views that can be scrutinized from any perspective. Hollowed out vessel sections allow serial clipping efforts, evaluation of different clips, and clip positions. The models can be used for accurate prediction of vascular anatomy, for optimization of teaching surgical skills, for advanced procedural competency training, and for patient counseling. Conclusion: Simultaneous 3-dimensional printing is the most promising rapid prototyping technique to produce biomodels that meet the high demands of neurovascular surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study explores the current phenomenon of user-technology negotiation associated with new technology adoption in the apparel and footwear industry. A theoretical framework was proposed as a construct, and a case study was performed to evaluate the proposed framework. In partnership with a world leading footwear company, its newly patented prototyping technology, named the virtual sampling system (VSS), was used to generate empirical data. A web survey was administered to the employees and quantitative analysis was performed to assess the relationships among the study variables. Frequency of use was the most determinant external variable to identify relative social groups to categorise the technology users by the levels of their initial expectation of the technology, satisfaction with training sessions, and evaluations of the company's performance with the use of the technology. Based on the case study findings, a strategy for increasing the efficiency of internal communications was suggested to the participant company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to introduce the preliminary application of rapid prototyping (RP) for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery. METHODS: 11 consecutive patients (13 joints) seeking for TMJ replacement were included in this study. All patients had previously undergone 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scannings (0.625mm slice thickness) of the craniofacial skeleton. The data from CT scan with DICOM format were input into an interactive Simplant CMF software (Materialise Medical, Leuven, Belgium). Preoperative planning included segmentation and osteotomies. The movements of the jaw hones was simulated using the Simplant CMF. The affected mandible was reconstructed, based on the contralateral side. Then the titanium plate was shaped on the reconstructed model before operation. The bone graft was transplanted by the shaped titanium plate during the operation to reconstruct the TMJ. 24 patients receiving traditional surgery were used as control. The operation time of the two group were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package for Student's t test. The data of CT scan of the experimental group before and after operation were compared by paired t test. RESULTS: All the incisions were healed primarily without any complications. All patients were satisfied with the operation, due to their symmetrical face and good occlusion. The postoperative MRI confirmed the position of transplanted costchondral cartilage in the glenoid fossa. Group t test showed that the operation time was longer in control group (7.09h) than that in RP group (5.67h). Three parameters (condyle-incisor, CI; condyle-mental foramen, CM; condyle-angle, CA) from the postoperative CT scan were analyzed by paired t test, and there was no significant difference between the two sides. CONCLUSION: Rapid prototyping technology provides an advanced method for TMJ reconstruction, which can make the TMJ reconstruction more accurate and symmetrical, improve the mandibular function and consequently enhance the reconstructive effect. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.08DZ2271100), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.S30206), Research Fund of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Health (Grant No.2008 160), Research Fund of Ph.D. Programs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Grant No.BXJ0926), and Research Fund of Medicine and Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Grant No.YG2009MS 42). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The currently used intralesional or marginal surgical treatment of a bone tumour in the extremities shows some shortcomings in providing a restoration of the mechanical strength of the bone and the containment of the used filling materials. The use of a medical image based, preformed and custom-made titanium membrane screwed onto the periosteal side of the bone is introduced. This study looks in detail into the design process and the biomechanical evaluation of such a membrane. The buckling strength of the membrane, the strength at the perforation holes and the strength of the screw-bone fixation are tested experimentally. The two latter experiments are performed with different screw types. From the performed tests it appears that a titanium membrane without a wave pattern, of 0.3 mm thickness, fixed to the bone with seven trabecular bone screws (4 mm diameter and 28 mm length) is capable of carrying the anticipated mechanical loads on the reconstructed tibia. The medical image based design methodology and the first clinical application of such a preformed and custom-made titanium membrane are reported and discussed. The feasibility of preformed titanium membranes for bone reconstruction in tumour surgery is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, new surgical techniques have been developed to improve the quality of operations, reduce the risk to patients and reduce the pain experienced by patients. Prominent developments include minimally invasive surgery, robot-assisted hip operations, computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and virtual reality (VR). These developments have helped surgeons operate under difficult visual conditions. Rapid prototyping (RP) technology has also found applications in medicine. The RP technique is able to fabricate a representative, physical 3D model. This 3D model can enhance interpretation, visual and physical evaluation, and the rehearsal and planning of the surgical steps before a surgical operation is carried out in order to eradicate the trauma. This paper presents the procedures involved in the conversion of computerised tomography (CT) scan data to a useful physical model. A case study of a CT scanned file of a patient who had an injury to the right eye socket is presented. Three different RP systems (SLA, SGC and LOM) are benchmarked for comparison in terms of the surface finish, accuracies, visual appearance and processing speed. Because of the ability of RP to fabricate models that are complex in design with intricate features that may be hidden by undercuts, as demonstrated in this paper, the results of this research can be extended to applications in general engineering. One specific area of application would be reverse engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose discrete out-of-plane coupling components as a versatile alternative to current approaches used to couple light in and out of the propagation plane in waveguide-based printed circuit board (PCB)-level optical interconnections. The out-of-plane couplers feature a 45deg micromirror and are fabricated using deep proton writing as a rapid prototyping technology. Their fabrication is compatible with replication techniques and shows all the potential of low-cost mass fabrication. In a first configuration, we use the component in a fiber-to-fiber coupling scheme. Coupling losses as small as 0.77 dB were achieved. In a second configuration, the out-of-plane coupler is plugged into a laser ablated cavity in optical waveguides integrated on a PCB. Here a total link loss between out-of-plane fiber and in-plane fiber of 3.00 dB was achieved when using it at the transmitter side and 5.69 dB when using it at the receiver side. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To apply rapid prototyping (RP) technology on pre-fabricating nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliances, and compare clinical outcomes and complications with traditional NAM appliances., Methods: Between June 2014 and September 2016, 39 children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were included in study. Seventeen children (test group) had received novel NAM protocol by pre-fabricating NAM appliances using RP technology, and the other 22 children (control group) had received traditional NAM protocol. There was no significant difference in gender, age, the side of cleft lip and palate, and the width of the alveolar cleft gap before treatment between 2 groups ( P >0.05). The change of width of the alveolar cleft gap, number of clinic visit, treatment time, and complications were compared between 2 groups., Results: The number of clinic visit was less in test group than in control group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in treatment time between 2 groups ( P >0.05). During treatment, there was 16 children (72.2%) of skin irritation, 3 (13.6%) of mucosal ulceration, 1 (4.5%) of intraoral bleeding, 1 (4.5%) of alveolar arch T-shap asymmetry in control group. And there were 11 children (64.7%) of skin irritation, 3 (17.6%) of mucosal ulceration in test group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between 2 groups ( P >0.05). After treatment, the anterior alveolar cleft width, horizontal cleft width, sagittal cleft width, antero-medial alveolar ridges angle of the healthy side, angle between anterior alveolar and posterior alveolar baseline of the healthy side, perpendicular distance from buccal frenum point to sagittal line were significantly reduced when compared with the values before treatment ( P <0.05). The angle between the anterior segments of two sides, angle between buccal frenum point and posterior baseline were significant increased when compared with the values before treatment ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the differences between pre- and post-treatment of above indexes between 2 groups ( P >0.05). There also was no significant difference in posterior alveolar width, the width between the middle parts of alveolar, vertical cleft width, antero-medial alveolar ridges angle of the affected side, and angle between anterior alveolar and posterior alveolar baseline of the affected side between pre- and post-treatment in each group ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Clinical outcome of novel approach was equivalent to traditional protocol; however, the number of clinic visit decreased. With improving of RP technology, it would provide a more consistency and convenient way for sequential treatment with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To investigate the application of 3D printing technology in the treatment of patients with cervical kyphosis and paraplegia in different segments of the cervical spine after one-stage debridement, bone graft fusion and pedicle screw fixation. Methods: From January 2008 to January 2017, a total of 31 patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis were treated in the Department of Orthopaedics, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region people's Hospital.Lesions of the thoracic spine (T1-T4) in 8 cases, (C5-C7) in 10 cases, cervical and thoracic segment in 13 cases, involving a total of 2 cases of vertebral body in 7 cases, 3 cases of vertebral body in 14 cases, 4 cases of vertebral body. 3D printing group (group A) 12 cases, non 3D printing group (group B) of 19 cases.All cases were treated with a posterior approach to the treatment of the cervical spinal cord around the spinal cord.After taking regular anti tuberculosis drugs in 6-12 months, follow-up observation of correction of kyphosis and paraplegia recovery, blood sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) changes. Results: All cases were followed up for at least 6 months. Twelve patients were treated with 3D printing technique before operation, and the operation was performed according to the preoperative plan.The diameter and length of pedicle screws, the direction of insertion, and the distance between the insertion point and the posterior midline of the pedicle screw were similar to those in the 3D.Three days after the operation, the effect of fracture reduction was satisfactory, and the position of pedicle screws was good.After 6 months of follow-up, the X-ray showed that the pedicle screws were in good position, and there was no loosening and fracture.All the patients were healed, and there was no segmental instability.3D printing group during surgery bleeding, operation time, postoperative drainage volume, compared with the non 3D print group of surgical results, 3D printing group significantly reduce the surgical trauma[(131±18) min vs (162±23), P <0.01; (528±34) ml vs (615±41) ml, P <0.01; (257±46) vs (327±56), P <0.01; (not grouping, before after operation), (64±42) mm/1 h vs (6±7) mm/1 h, P <0.01; CRP (not packet): (72±41) μg/L, (13±6) mm/1 h, P <0.01]. There was significant difference between two groups.The JOA scores of patients in the 3D group were better than those in the non 3D group after the operation in 1, 2 week and in 1, 3, and month.There was no significant difference between the two groups after the operation.Two groups of patients before and after correction of Cobb angle were satisfied, and no significant difference between the two groups.Cobb lost an average of 1 degrees angle correction.The spinal tuberculosis in this group were cured without serious complications. Conclusions: According to the cervical and thoracic tuberculous kyphosis and paraplegia severity, choose a posterior surgery can achieve effective cure, feasible thorough debridement with fixed spinal stability before and after the party obtained bone fusion and deformity correction in 3D technology to increase the accuracy and safety of operation, and can be provide more detailed preoperative, intuitive, three-dimensional, realistic personalized operation scheme.It can reduce the operation trauma, and achieve rapid recovery after operation.

Biomaterial-based bone graft substitute with favorable mechanical and biological properties could be used as an alternative to autograft for large defect treatment. Here, an apatite-collagen-polycaprolactone (Ap-Col-PCL) composite construct was developed with unique nano-micro-macro hierarchical architectures by combining rapid prototyping (RP) fabrication technology and a 3D functionalization strategy. Macroporous PCL framework was fabricated using RP technology, then functionalized by collagen incorporation and biomimetic deposition. Ap-Col-PCL composite construct was characterized with hierarchical architectures of a nanoscale (∼100 nm thickness and ∼1 μm length) platelike apatite coating on the microporous (126 ± 18 μm) collagen networks, which homogeneously filled the macroporous (∼1000 μm) PCL frameworks and possessed a favorable hydrophilic property and compressive modulus (68.75 ± 3.39 MPa) similar to that of cancellous bone. Moreover, in vitro cell culture assay and in vivo critical-sized bone defect implantation demonstrated that the Ap-Col-PCL construct could not only significantly increase the cell adhesion capability (2.0-fold) and promote faster cell proliferation but also successfully bridge the segmental long bone defect within 12 weeks with much more bone regeneration (5.2-fold), better osteointegration (7.2-fold), and a faster new bone deposition rate (2.9-fold). Our study demonstrated that biomimetically ornamented Ap-Col-PCL constructs exhibit a favorable mechanical property, more bone tissue ingrowth, and better osteointegration capability as an effective bone graft substitute for critical-sized bone defect treatment; meanwhile, it can also harness the advantages of RP technology, in particular, facilitating the customization of the shape and size of implants according to medical images during clinical application.