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Some widely agreed-upon, official recommendations for professionals conducting psychological assessments suggest employing multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) to screen the validity of symptom reports. Yet, SVTs are rarely validated in languages other than English, and no free-standing SVT exists in Serbia. To address this gap and stimulate further research on symptom validity within populations from the Balkans, we developed and tested a Serbian version of the Inventory of Problems – 29 (IOP-29). Following the same procedures used in prior IOP-29 validation studies (e.g., Akca et al., 2023), we administered the Serbian IOP-29 to 110 adult volunteers from Serbia. Participants completed the IOP-29 three times under different conditions: responding honestly, randomly, or by feigning a mental disorder (schizophrenia, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder). We examined the utility of both the False Disorder Probability Score (FDS), which is the chief feigning index of the IOP-29, and of a new index embedded in the IOP-29, which is aimed at detecting random or careless responding. Overall, our results demonstrated that the FDS effectively differentiated between feigned and honest presentations, achieving a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.96 when using the standard cutoff (FDS ≥ 0.50). In addition, the random responding index also successfully identified random responding, achieving a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity greater than 0.90 when using a midrange cutoff of T ≥ 67. These findings closely align with outcomes of Akca et al. (2023) and support meta-analytic literature reviews on the IOP-29. More broadly, this study advances and encourages further exploration of symptom validity testing in culturally diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) has emerged as a promising complementary tool to white light (WL) cystoscopy, potentially improving cancer detection and replacing conventional mapping biopsies. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PDD by anatomical locations in mapping biopsies through lesion‐based analysis.PDD and WL findings were prospectively recorded in 102 patients undergoing mapping biopsies and PDD‐assisted TURBT using oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid. We evaluated 673 specimens collected from flat tumor or normal‐looking lesions on WL cystoscopy, after excluding 98 specimens collected from papillary or nodular tumors.Among the 673 lesions, cancer was detected in 110 (16%) by lesion‐based analysis. PDD demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (65.5% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.001) and negative predictive value (92.5% vs. 89.5%, p < 0.001) compared to WL. The sensitivity of PDD findings varied by location: posterior (100%), right (78.6%), dome (73.3%), left (70.6%), trigone (58.8%), bladder neck (41.7%), anterior (40.0%), and prostatic urethra (25.0%). Incorporating targeted biopsies of specific locations (bladder neck, anterior, and prostatic urethra) into the PDD‐guided biopsies, regardless of PDD findings, significantly increased the overall sensitivity from 65.5% to 82.7% (p = 0.001).This study first demonstrated the detection rate of location‐specific mapping biopsies using PDD, revealing difficulties in accuracy assessment in areas susceptible to tangential fluorescence. While PDD‐guided biopsy improves cancer detection compared to WL cystoscopy even for flat tumors or normal‐looking lesions, more careful decisions, including mapping biopsies, may be beneficial for an assessment in these tangential areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axial compressive strength is a key design parameter for CFRP structures. One of its limiting factors is the non-linear shear behaviour of the unidirectional ply. We investigate the estimation of this behaviour from those of its constituents by computational homogenisation with an hexagonal unit cell and different random microstructures with smooth and clustered fibre distributions. A random microstructure without clusterings predicts the shear modulus most closely. However, the modelled shear responses converge at higher loadings so that an hexagonal model is sufficient to estimate the non-linear shear behaviour and in turn give accurate estimations of measured compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of random construction and land abuse is not a new phenomenon. It has been around for a long time, but it has become widespread after 2003 as it was limited before the mentioned date, Many cities, especially Baghdad, have witnessed the spread of the phenomenon of random construction, encroachment on land belonging to the state or owned by others, and the construction of random housing units that lack the minimum construction conditions Without adopting and not taking into account the urban and urban planning regulations issued by the Ministry of Planning, and due to the worsening housing crisis, the outrageous high prices and the absence of solutions, land abuse, abuse of state real estate and random construction have become the illegal alternative to housing It has become a problem with economic, social and environmental dimensions that clearly reflects the deficit in economic structures and a major social imbalance, making it a serious phenomenon due to its large size. It is no longer possible to ignore it. The continuation of this serious phenomenon will lead to environmental congestion and noise due to irregular construction, which affects the human rights enshrined in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 as stipulated in Article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to assess the level of patient knowledge regarding the procedures and treatment methods that are performed and will be performed in dental clinics in Tbilisi. The material was collected through questionnaires prepared by us. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was demographic, and the second part was specific. The individuals participating in the study were randomly selected in dental clinics in Tbilisi. The statistical processing of the material was conducted using the statistical program SPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stochastic theoretical analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation inside a planar slab waveguide filled with a cholesteric material, whose azimuthal angular component on its director n is randomly fluctuating is presented in this article. By means of van Kampen systematic expansion method, Maxwell's electromagnetic equations with random dielectric tensor and appropriate boundary conditions are obtained. As numerical examples, the effects of the randomness on the propagating constant, on the ratio between magnetic and electric modes, on the field profiles, and on the energy flow are presented and discussed. The results in this paper are consistent with those corresponding to the deterministic conventional waveguide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria with streamlined genomes, that harbor full functional genes for essential metabolic networks, are able to synthesize the desired products more effectively and thus have advantages as production platforms in industrial applications. To obtain streamlined chassis genomes, a large amount of effort has been made to reduce existing bacterial genomes. This work falls into two categories: rational and random reduction. The identification of essential gene sets and the emergence of various genome-deletion techniques have greatly promoted genome reduction in many bacteria over the past few decades. Some of the constructed genomes possessed desirable properties for industrial applications, such as: increased genome stability, transformation capacity, cell growth, and biomaterial productivity. The decreased growth and perturbations in physiological phenotype of some genome-reduced strains may limit their applications as optimized cell factories. This review presents an assessment of the advancements made to date in bacterial genome reduction to construct optimal chassis for synthetic biology, including: the identification of essential gene sets, the genome-deletion techniques, the properties and industrial applications of artificially streamlined genomes, the obstacles encountered in constructing reduced genomes, and the future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese ice-ray (IR) lattices, known for their intricate and visually fascinating random patterns as decorative elements in traditional 18th-century Chinese window design, exhibit underlying stiffness as latticed window fences. Such unique patterns represent a new morphology within the family of stochastic lattices. However, the latent structural potential within the random patterns of ice-ray lattices remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of lattice shell design. This study systematically studies the geometric qualities of ice-ray lattice patterns and develops an algorithm to model these patterns for ice-ray lattice shell design. Subsequently, it assesses the structural feasibility and effectiveness of these lattice shells in comparison to conventional gridshells. The practicality of constructing random lattice shells using digital fabrication tools is also explored. Employing fractal geometry as a foundational framework, this research not only offers insights into the potential of ice-ray lattices for innovative lattice shell design but also introduces a new structural morphology to the field, expanding the possibilities of incorporating stochastic patterns in lattice shell design. Ultimately, it opens up new opportunities for innovative lattice shell designs, emphasizing the potential of stochastic patterns in structural applications.

Chinese ice-ray (IR) lattices, known for their intricate and visually fascinating random patterns as decorative elements in traditional 18th-century Chinese window design, exhibit underlying stiffness as latticed window fences. Such unique patterns represent a new morphology within the family of stochastic lattices. However, the latent structural potential within the random patterns of ice-ray lattices remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of lattice shell design. This study systematically studies the geometric qualities of ice-ray lattice patterns and develops an algorithm to model these patterns for ice-ray lattice shell design. Subsequently, it assesses the structural feasibility and effectiveness of these lattice shells in comparison to conventional gridshells. The practicality of constructing random lattice shells using digital fabrication tools is also explored. Employing fractal geometry as a foundational framework, this research not only offers insights into the potential of ice-ray lattices for innovative lattice shell design but also introduces a new structural morphology to the field, expanding the possibilities of incorporating stochastic patterns in lattice shell design. Ultimately, it opens up new opportunities for innovative lattice shell designs, emphasizing the potential of stochastic patterns in structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As modern power systems increasingly rely on sophisticated technologies and interconnected networks, the robustness of Load Frequency Control (LFC) becomes paramount to ensure grid stability and reliability. This paper investigates the cybersecurity challenges inherent in LFC within a two-area system framework, emphasizing vulnerabilities stemming from advanced technologies, potential cyber-attacks, and communication delays. The study focuses on deriving and fine-tuning transfer function parameters specifically tailored to a 50 Hz system. The state space equations are also formulated to do analysis and attack at any of the significant location. Through a comprehensive analysis, three primary cyber-attack types, scaling, ramp, and random, are explored to understand their impact on system dynamics. Through simulations, the paper presents detailed insights into the system's performance under diverse attack scenarios, considering the critical need for maintaining stability in LFC amidst evolving cybersecurity threats. The findings underscore the significance of implementing robust security measures and adaptive control strategies to safeguard power systems against potential disruptions, ensuring their resilience in the face of emerging cyber threats. This research contributes to advancing our understanding of cybersecurity implications in power system operations and provides valuable guidance for policymakers, system operators, and cybersecurity professionals in fortifying LFC mechanisms against evolving threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Graph Query Language (GraphQL) is a powerful language for application programming interface (API) manipulation in web services. It has been recently introduced as an alternative solution for addressing the limitations of RESTful APIs. This article introduces an automated solution for GraphQL API testing. We present a full framework for automated API testing, from the schema extraction to test case generation. In addition, we consider two kinds of testing: white-box and black-box testing. The white-box testing is performed when the source code of the GraphQL API is available. Our approach is based on evolutionary search. Test cases are evolved to intelligently explore the solution space while maximizing code coverage and fault-finding criteria. The black-box testing does not require access to the source code of the GraphQL API. It is therefore of more general applicability, albeit it has worse performance. In this context, we use a random search to generate GraphQL data. The proposed framework is implemented and integrated into the open source EvoMaster tool. With enabled white-box heuristics (i.e., white-box mode), experiments on 7 open source GraphQL APIs and three search algorithms show statistically significant improvement of the evolutionary approach compared to the baseline random search. In addition, experiments on 31 online GraphQL APIs reveal the ability of the black-box mode to detect real faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAn anonymous survey was given to n = 73 students in an asynchronous online statistical literacy course at a mid-sized Hispanic Serving Institution. Informed by teaching experience, literature on lexical ambiguity, and everyday usage of statistics words and phrases, the first author designed the survey to yield insight into how students view phrases such as “average person,” “random person,” and “outlier person,” and to explore possible connections or patterns with such phrases. Findings suggest that students view phrases such as “random person” in a way much further from standard usage than they do phrases such as “anonymous person.” Considerations such as diversity, agency, and variable identification are identified as possibly affecting usage and meriting further investigation. Recommendations for teaching and future research are provided. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

An anonymous survey was given to n = 73 students in an asynchronous online statistical literacy course at a mid-sized Hispanic Serving Institution. Informed by teaching experience, literature on lexical ambiguity, and everyday usage of statistics words and phrases, the first author designed the survey to yield insight into how students view phrases such as "average person," "random person," and "outlier person," and to explore possible connections or patterns with such phrases. Findings suggest that students view phrases such as "random person" in a way much further from standard usage than they do phrases such as "anonymous person." Considerations such as diversity, agency, and variable identification are identified as possibly affecting usage and meriting further investigation. Recommendations for teaching and future research are provided. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiae (1517-4492) is the property of Acta Scientiae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We seem to know almost everything about risk and, at the same time, nothing. By focusing on the etymology of the word "risk", researchers have neglected its nature, causes and characteristics. At the same time, risk manifests itself differently in different situations and can be both a characteristic of a random event and a characteristic and measure of the quality of a process carried out over time. In the latter case, risk is inherent in the properties of a wave process, which requires the search for measures other than probabilistic ones to measure and assess it. This paper attempts to summaries the most characteristic different manifestations of risk and to propose a way of assessing risk that takes account of these differences. The paper can be seen as an invitation to debate the nature of risk and how its formalism should be constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of elastomeric vibration isolators used for equipment vibration isolation in aerospace vehicles are considered for the present study. These isolators are constructed using elastomers mounted in steel encasings. These isolators are initially deformed statically and dynamic loads are applied on the deformed configuration. To capture the static deformation, equivalent static load corresponding to its load rating and specified displacements are created. Static deformation is computed using Finite Element methods with four node axi-symmetric element which include the geometric non-linear effect for steel and with standard Yeoh hyper-elastic material model for elastomers (Muhammed and Zu, 2012) [1]. Yeoh material constants are derived from uni-axial tension test data of the elastomer specimen. These isolators are subjected to harmonic and random excitations in the pre-deformed state. For numerical analysis, elastomeric constants at dynamic conditions are obtained as complex function of frequency using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) for a range of frequencies. The standard material model of Yeoh is modified incorporating frequency dependant material characteristics and damping in the range of frequencies of interest. A multiplicative non-separable variables law is derived for Yeoh material model to include the effect of static pre-stress, based on the methodology given in literature (Nashif et al., 1985; Beda et al., 2014) [2,3]. The modifications of Yeoh model suitable for frequency domain analysis is the novelty in the present study. In the analysis, while dynamic loads are applied, the configuration is updated considering initial static loading. The frequency response of the isolators is computed using material properties evaluated at progressive dynamic strains until a match in natural frequency is observed. Appropriate damping corrections are then incorporated to match the test observed transmissibility. Then updated material properties are used to compute the random response which showed good agreement with results of experiments, validating the approach taken for the development of this model.

The need for a place to live is one that many people prepare, both millennials and adults and the elderly. With the continued increase in population growth in Indonesia and increasing public interest in buying a place to live early on, this can make not all groups of people have a place to live or a house that is quite livable. Related to this, the public needs up-to-date information related to predictions of house prices both for housing and second-hand housing prices for planning purposes in the future. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the prediction results of house prices with several Machine Learning algorithms consist of Linear Regression, Random Forest Regression and Gradient Boosted Trees Regression. Evaluation for all the method applying Cross-Validation. The evaluation is seen from the smallest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) error rate of each testing method. The results of this study are the Random Forest Regression obtained an RMSE value of 0.440, the Linear Regression model obtained an RMSE value of 0.515 and the RMSE value of Gradient Boosted Trees Regression of 0.508. The results were obtained from testing a dataset of 2011 records with a division of 80% for data training and 20% for data testing, the data has 6 attributes used in testing including house prices, land area, building area, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms and the number of garages. In this study, prediction results using the Random Forest Regression method yielded the highest accuracy of 81.5% compared to the Linear Regression and Gradient Boosted Trees Regression methods.

We consider the fourth-order inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation with mass-subcritical nonlinearity i u t + Δ 2 u + λ | x | − α | u | β u = 0. For u + ∈ L 2 (R d) , we perform a physical-space randomization and get a random final state u + ω ∈ L 2 (R d). By establishing the smoothing estimate, time-space-weighted inhomogeneous Strichartz estimate and random Strichartz estimate, we prove that for almost every ω , there exists a unique, global solution to the fourth-order inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation that scatters to u + ω ∈ L 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article explores the affects of space-time discrete stochastic competitive neural networks. In line with a discrete-space and discrete-time constant variation formula, boundedness and stability are addressed to the space-time discrete stochastic competitive neural networks. Notably, the best convergence speed can be computed by a non-linear optimization problem. In the end, random periodic sequences with respect to time variable of the discrete-space and discrete-time stochastic competitive neural networks are discussed. The results indicate that spatial diffusion with non-negative density factors has no effect on the global mean square boundedness and stability and random periodicity of the network model. The current article is precursory in consideration of space-time discrete competitive neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a simple connection between dictionary methods for time series classification, which involve extracting and counting symbolic patterns in time series, and methods based on transforming input time series using convolutional kernels, namely Rocket and its variants. We show that by adjusting a single hyperparameter it is possible to move by degrees between models resembling dictionary methods and models resembling Rocket. We present Hydra, a simple, fast, and accurate dictionary method for time series classification using competing convolutional kernels, combining key aspects of both Rocket and conventional dictionary methods. Hydra is faster and more accurate than the most accurate existing dictionary methods, achieving similar accuracy to several of the most accurate current methods for time series classification. Hydra can also be combined with Rocket and its variants to significantly improve the accuracy of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article continues the exposition of the results obtained in researching an agricultural machine for processing soil, designed for research with applications including exploitation. The MCLS (complex machine for soil tillage) was designed to research the working processes of the instruments intended for soil processing. The MCLS cultivator is a modulated machine (it can work for three working widths: 1, 2, and 4 m, with tractors of different powers) that is designed to use a wide range of working bodies. The experimental data obtained with the structure with a working width of 1 m and the results of their processing within the framework of the theory of random vibrations are presented in this article. The experimental results are analysed as random vibrations of the supports of the active working bodies. As a result, the main characteristics of random vibrations are exposed: the distribution function, the average value, the autocorrelation, and the frequency spectrum. These general results regarding random vibrations are used for several critical applications in the design, execution, and exploitation of some subassemblies and assemblies of agricultural machines of this type. The main applications include estimating the probability of the occurrence of dangerous load peaks, counting and selecting the load peaks that produce fatigue accumulation in the material of the supports of the working bodies, identifying some design deficiencies or defects in the work regime, and estimating the effects of vibrations on the quality of soil processing. All of the outcomes are composed of applications in MCLS research and exploitation. The applications pursue well-known objectives of modelling the working processes of agricultural machines: safety at work, increasing the quality of work, optimising energy consumption, and increasing productivity, all in a broad context to obtain a compromise situation. The material and the method are based on experimental data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present multiple variations of the Multi-verse Optimizer Algorithm (MVO) using chaotic maps, using it in the formation of new solutions. In these new variations of the MVO algorithm, which we call the Fuzzy-Chaotic Multi-verse Optimizer (FCMVO), we use multiple chaotic maps used in the literature to substitute some of the parameters for which the original algorithm used a random value in the formation of new universes or solutions. To implement chaos theory on these new variants, we also use Fuzzy Logic for dynamic parameter adaptation; the first tests are performed only using chaotic maps, and then we merge the use of Fuzzy Logic in each of these cases to analyze the improvement over the Fuzzy MVO. Subsequently, we use only the best-performing chaos maps in a new set of variants for the same cases; after these results, we observe the behavior of the algorithm in different cases. The objective of this study is to compare whether there is a significant improvement over the MVO algorithm using some of the best-performing chaotic maps in conjunction with Fuzzy Logic in benchmark mathematical functions prior to moving on to other case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of elastomeric vibration isolators used for equipment vibration isolation in aerospace vehicles are considered for the present study. These isolators are constructed using elastomers mounted in steel encasings. These isolators are initially deformed statically and dynamic loads are applied on the deformed configuration. To capture the static deformation, equivalent static load corresponding to its load rating and specified displacements are created. Static deformation is computed using Finite Element methods with four node axi-symmetric element which include the geometric non-linear effect for steel and with standard Yeoh hyper-elastic material model for elastomers (Muhammed and Zu, 2012) [1]. Yeoh material constants are derived from uni-axial tension test data of the elastomer specimen. These isolators are subjected to harmonic and random excitations in the pre-deformed state. For numerical analysis, elastomeric constants at dynamic conditions are obtained as complex function of frequency using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) for a range of frequencies. The standard material model of Yeoh is modified incorporating frequency dependant material characteristics and damping in the range of frequencies of interest. A multiplicative non-separable variables law is derived for Yeoh material model to include the effect of static pre-stress, based on the methodology given in literature (Nashif et al., 1985; Beda et al., 2014) [2,3]. The modifications of Yeoh model suitable for frequency domain analysis is the novelty in the present study. In the analysis, while dynamic loads are applied, the configuration is updated considering initial static loading. The frequency response of the isolators is computed using material properties evaluated at progressive dynamic strains until a match in natural frequency is observed. Appropriate damping corrections are then incorporated to match the test observed transmissibility. Then updated material properties are used to compute the random response which showed good agreement with results of experiments, validating the approach taken for the development of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-ergodic quantum state of a complex system is in general random as well as multi-parametric, former due to a lack of exact information due to complexity and latter reflecting its varied behavior in different parts of the Hilbert space. An appropriate representation for the reduced density matrix of such a state is a generalized, multi-parametric Wishart ensemble with unit trace. Our theoretical analysis of these ensembles not only resolves the controversy about the growth rates of the average information entropies of the generic states but also leads to new insights in their entanglement dynamics. While the state itself is multi-parametric, we find that the growth of the average measures can be described in terms of an information-theoretic function, referred as the complexity parameter. The latter in turn leads to a common mathematical formulation of the measures for a wide range of states; it could also act as a possible tool for hierarchical arrangement of the entangled states of different systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix/linear algebra continues bestowing benefits on theoretical and applied statistics, a practice it began decades ago (re Fisher used the word matrix in a 1941 publication), through a myriad of contributions, from recognition of a suite of matrix properties relevant to statistical concepts, to matrix specifications of linear and nonlinear techniques. Consequently, focused parts of matrix algebra are topics of several statistics books and journal articles. Contributions mostly have been unidirectional, from matrix/linear algebra to statistics. Nevertheless, statistics offers great potential for making this interface a bidirectional exchange point, the theme of this review paper. Not surprisingly, regression, the workhorse of statistics, provides one tool for such historically based recompence. Another prominent one is the mathematical matrix theory eigenfunction abstraction. A third is special matrix operations, such as Kronecker sums and products. A fourth is multivariable calculus linkages, especially arcane matrix/vector operators as well as the Jacobian term associated with variable transformations. A fifth, and the final idea this paper treats, is random matrices/vectors within the context of simulation, particularly for correlated data. These are the five prospectively reviewed discipline of statistics subjects capable of informing, inspiring, or otherwise furnishing insight to the far more general world of linear algebra.

Introduction Sediment that moves with water is called suspended sediment, and the amount of suspended sediment material that passes through a river section in a certain period of time is called suspended load. The suspended sediment load (SSL) of a watershed, which passes through a certain section of the river, depends mainly on the climatic characteristics, the characteristics of the watershed and the capacity of carrying sedimentary materials. Actully Suspended sediment transport in the river is a function of meteorological and hydrological parameters as a complicated process. The input suspended load is one of the important and influencing factors on the amount of sediment input to reservoirs of dams and lakes. Determining the amount of sediment carried by rivers is important in many aspects. The calculation of suspended load is very important because of various reasons, one of the most important reasons is the role of suspended sediment load in the quantitative and qualitative management of surface water resources. Therefore, the distribution and transportation of suspended sediment load (SSL) in rivers have a significant effect on the water resource management, design of hydraulic structures, river morphology, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems. In fact, accurate and reliable modeling of suspended sediment load (SSL) is very important for planning, managing, and designing of river systems and water resource structures. In addition, the determination of dry and wet periods is very important in studies related to water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Materials and Methods To campare the result of the proposed models’ performance, the Cham Anjir, Bahram Jo, Kaka Reza and Sarab Syed Ali hydrometry stations in Khorramabad, Biranshahr and Alashtar sub-watersheds (a part of Kashkan watershed) in western of Iran, is used as a case study area. The geographic coordinates of the Cham Anjir, Bahram Jo, Kaka Reza and Sarab Syed Ali are 48° 15 '34" E 33° 26' 55" N, 48° 17' 45"E 33° 34' 8" N, 48° 13' 51" E 33° 43' 39" N and 48° 12' 14" E 33° 44' 55" N, respectively. The studied area has a semiarid climate with a mean annual rainfall Less than 500 mm. The studied area has a maximum elevation of 3578 m in Alashtar watershed and the minimum elevation of 1158 m in khorramAbad watershed. Most parts of the studied sub-watersheds are rangeland, while forest, dry farming, and irrigation lands are in considerable quantities. The surface lithology in the KhorramAbad, Alashtar and Biranshahr watersheds are covered by the Eocene, Quaternary, Cretaceous, Miocene, Oligocene, Paleocene, and Pliocene geologic formations. Predicting suspended sediment load (SSL) in water resource management requires efficient and reliable predicted models. The present study was carried out for the modeling of Suspended sediment load by learning algorithms in low and high discharge periods. In this study, five soft computing techniques, GP-PUK, GP-RBF, M5P, REEP Tree and RF were used to predict the SSL in Cham Anjir, Bahram Jo, Kaka Reza and Sarab Syed Ali hydrometry stations in Khorramabad, Biranshahr and Alashtar sub-watersheds. Total data set consists of rain, discharge and suspended sediment load (in a period of 18 years from 2000 to 2018). of three subwatersheds out of which 70% data used to train the model and 30% data were used to test the model. Finally, the models’ accuracy was assessed using three performance evaluation parameters, which were Correlation Coefficient (C.C.), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Maximum Absolute Error (MAE). Finally, a sensitivity investigation was executed to catch the best noteworthy input parameter during the modeling process. This process was carried out by eliminating the one input parameter and noted the output in terms of RMSE and C.C. Results and Discussion The obtained results suggest that the Gaussian Process (GP) model with two PUK and RBF kernels is more accurate to estimate the suspended sediment load (SSL) compared to the M5P, ReepTree and Random Forest (RF) models for the given study area. According to the results of the test part of the GP-PUK model, it has given us the best result, which are the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error and the mean absolute error in Bahram Jo station (0.55, 0.42, and 0.27), Cham Anjir station (0.74, 018, and 0.08), Sarab Seyed Ali station (0.71, 016, and 0.07) and Kakareza station (0.71, 0.24, and 0.15), respectively. In general, the Gaussian Process-PUK model, is the powerful model for the prediction of suspended sediment load (SSL) in low and high discharge periods. Therefore, according to the obtained results from this research, these optimal models can be used to costly and time-consuming tasks of the estimation of suspended sediment load from river. Also, these models can be used to estimate the suspended sediments load of nearby rivers by/without hydrometry station for the management of the quantity and quality of surface water. Also, sensitivity analysis suggests that 𝐴𝑣𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑄𝑡 . 𝑄𝑡−1 in Cham Anjir, Bahram Jo and Sarab Syed Ali hydrometry stations and rain in Kaka Reza hydrometry station, are the most significant parameters in estimation/prediction of SSL. Conclusion The present study focused on the development of a GP-PUK, GP-RBF, M5P, REEP Tree and Random forest (RF) models to estimate the suspended sediment load. For this purpose, the hydrometry and hydroclimatology data of the Bahram Jo, Cham Anjir, Sarab Syed Ali and Kaka Reza stations in Khorramabad, Alashtar and Biranshahr sub-watersheds composed of Suspended Sedimend Load (SSL), discharge, and rainfall data were used. In general, The major conclusions of the study are as follows: Among those models with the highest performance, the GP-PUK has the highest performance in both testing and training phases. -The GP-PUK predicted data are closer to observational data compared with the other model’s output data. Besides, the GPPUK is the nearest predicted model with observational data. The GP-PUK model is one of the most extensively used data driven models in the erosion and sediment literature, while the usages of other data-driven models are comparatively lesser. Also, the structure of the GPPUK is very simple and very less time consumable. Thus, the GP-PUK model can be useful in the Suspended Sediment Load (SSL) modeling not only foraccuracy but also for its time-saving nature and simple structure compared with other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the use of a Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK) sequence derived from the 192-bit key Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-192) algorithm for radar signal modulation to mitigate Doppler and range ambiguities. The AES-192 BPSK sequence has a non-periodic nature resulting in a single large and narrow main lobe in the matched filter response but also produces undesired periodic side lobes that can be mitigated through the use of a CLEAN algorithm. The performance of the AES-192 BPSK sequence is compared to an Ipatov–Barker Hybrid BPSK code, which effectively extends the maximum unambiguous range but has some limitations in terms of signal processing requirements. The AES-192 based BPSK sequence has the advantage of having no maximum unambiguous range limit, and when the pulse location within the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) is randomized, the upper limit on the maximum unambiguous Doppler frequency shift is greatly extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disorder and noise are inherent in biological systems. They are required to provide systems with the advantages required for proper functioning. Noise is a part of the flexibility and plasticity of biological systems. It provides systems with increased routes, improves information transfer, and assists in response triggers. This paper reviews recent studies on noise at the genome, cellular, and whole organ levels. We focus on the need to use noise in system engineering. We present some of the challenges faced in studying noise. Optimizing the efficiency of complex systems requires a degree of variability in their functions within certain limits. Constrained noise can be considered a method for improving system robustness by regulating noise levels in continuously dynamic settings. The digital pill-based artificial intelligence (AI)-based platform is the first to implement second-generation AI comprising variability-based signatures. This platform enhances the efficacy of the therapeutic regimens. Systems requiring variability and mechanisms regulating noise are mandatory for understanding biological functions. • The paper reviews studies on noise in biological systems and the need for using it. • Constrained noise is a method for improving system robustness in continuously dynamic settings. • The digital pill-based artificial intelligence (AI)- platform comprises variability-based signatures to improve therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate analysis results and approximations for the performance of basic caching methods, assuming independent requests. Compared with simulative evaluations, the analysis results are accurate, but their computation is tractable only within a limited scope. We compare the scalability of analytical FIFO and LRU solutions including extensions for multisegment caches and for caches with data of varying sizes. On the other hand, approximations have been proposed for the FIFO and LRU hit ratio. They are simple and scalable, but their accuracy is confirmed mainly through asymptotic behaviour only for large caches. We derive bounds on the approximation errors in a detailed worst-case study with a focus on small caches. The approximations are extended to data of different sizes. Then a fraction of unused cache space can add to the deviations, which is estimated in order to improve the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMMI analysis of 21 malt barley genotypes evaluated at nine locations of north western plains zone revealed highly significant variation due to environments (61.8%), G x E interactions (19.5%) and genotypes (8.2%). Further, interaction effects were partitioned into seven interactions principal components. AMMI stability Value measures (ASV1 and ASV) had considered first two interaction principal components and based on 54.1% of total interaction variations had recommended (PL926, PL931, RD2849) and (BH1036, PL931, RD2849) malt barley genotypes respectively. Modified AMMI Stability Values measures (MASV1 and MASV) had exploited nearly 97.6% of total interaction variations, based on which BH1036, DWRB219, RD2849 and BH1036, DWRB219, PL926 malt barley genotypes were identified for stable yield performance. Geometric Mean (GM) based on BLUP effects of genotypes yield was in favour of DWRB219, BH1036 and DWRB221 while corresponding to Harmonic Mean of yield values, DWRB219, BH1036, DWRB221 genotypes would be of choice. Relative Performance of Genotypic Values (RPGV) favored DWRB219, BH1036 , DWRB221 barley genotypes and Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genotypic Value (HMRPGV) measure favoured DWRB219, BH1036, DWRB220 malt genotypes. Non parametric composite measure, NPi (1) , suggested that UPB1097, RD3029, DWRB218 were suitable, whereas DWRB219, RD3029, G4 genotypes would be preferable as per values NPi (2) while NPi (3) identified DWRB219, BH1036, DWRB160. The composite measure NPi (4) found DWRB219, BH1036, DWRB160 as genotypes of choice for this zone. Measures MASV, MASV1, Si 1, Si 3, Si 4, Si 5,Si 6 ,Si 7, Si 2, NPi (1), ASV and ASV1 accounted more in first principal component, whereas NPi (2), NPi (3), NPi (4), Average, GM, HM, Mean, PRVG, HMPRVG were major contributors for second principal component. Small cluster of standard deviation (Stdev) with CV, IPC4 and IPC7 were placed in second quadrant. Smallest cluster of IPC1 and IPC6 was also observed in this quadrant. Large cluster comprised of NPi (1), Si 2 ,Si 5 Si 2 ,Si 5 ,Si 6 with ASV and ASV1. Measures GM, HM, PRVG and HMPRVG considered random effects of genotypes grouped with average and placed in last quadrant while adjacent cluster of NPi (2), NPi (3), and NPi (4) observed in same quadrant. Close association among the AMMI analysis based measures had been observed with adaptability measures based on BLUP effects of malt barley genotypes in the present study based on the Biplot analysis while considering first two principal components.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari metode pelatihan blocked dan random untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar bolavoli pada atlet level pemula. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan the static group pre-test–post-test design dan penelitian dilakukan selama 14 kali pertemuan dengan rincian seminggu tiga kali yaitu pada hari Selasa, Kamis dan Sabtu. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan atlet bolavoli sebanyak 20 orang dari Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes servis, passing atas, passing bawah dan smash. Analisis data pre-test dan post-test menggunakan IBM SPSS 25 dengan taraf signifikansi 0.05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kedua metode pelatihan antara blocked dan random terbukti mempunyai efek yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar bolavoli pada atlet level pemula. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pelatihan blocked dan random mempunyai karakteristik latihan yang berbeda, namun keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar bolavoli pada atlet level pemula.

Consider a rooted tree T with leaf-set [n] and with all nonleaf vertices having out-degree 2, at least. A rooted tree T with leaf-set S⊂[n] is induced by S in T if T is the lowest common ancestor subtree for S, with all its degree-2 vertices suppressed. A "maximum agreement subtree" (MAST) for a pair of two trees T′ and T′′ is a tree T with a largest leaf-set S⊂[n] such that T is induced by S both in T′ and T′′. Bryant, McKenzie, and Steel [BioConsensus, AMS, Providence, RI, 2003, pp. 55-65] and Bernstein et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 29 (2015), pp. 2065-2074] proved, among other results, that for T′ and T′′ being two independent copies of a random binary (uniform or Yule-Harding distributed) tree T, the likely magnitude order of MAST(T′,T′′) is O(n1/2). We prove this bound for a wide class of random rooted trees: T is a terminal tree of a branching, Galton-Watson, process with an ordered-offspring distribution of mean 1, conditioned on "total number of leaves is n." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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