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In the interdisciplinary field of education, critical race theory (CRT) is the predominant framework for studying racism. However, some have argued CRT lacks a racial theory and that CRT-education scholarship should examine how education racializes (i.e. contributes to making racialized categories). In this theoretical article, I suggest that one way to address this gap is by adopting a relational racialization lens—a perspective that helps scholars theorize on the process of creating the boundaries of racialized groups and that places these boundaries as always relational to the different racial categories. To support my proposal, I discuss CRT and the trends in the education literature focused on racialization. I then present an account of how a relational racialization lens complemented my CRT research and illuminated issues concerning racialization and racisms. I argue this lens can help education scholarship advance with a racial theory and in doing so contribute to important conversations about racialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflective essay documents my experiences, critiques, and application of critical whiteness studies in my own research, though, as proven below, they cannot be understood without my forever commitment to strengthen, expand, and re-imagine the field. To be clear, I do not critique for critique's sake, rather, I present my approach for the sake of forever expanding how CWS is operationalized in future research. CWS is a much-needed theory, framing, and field because its application to educational research drives the revealing of how whiteness operates in educational contexts; a condition, which left intact, will leave any attempts of racial justice fruitless. Therefore, I tread cautiously because as I may or may not subscribe to particular approaches within CWS, I do not by any means claim that there is one justifiable approach over another, especially when the entire field and theoretical application of CWS is dealing with widespread discreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article criticizes the origins and results of Aryanism theory in the historical perspective of Iran, which is based on racial superiority, and also discusses the motivations for the emergence of this idea and its consequences. In this research, it is shown that this theory had no precedent in Iran’s pre- and post-Islam history, so the racial conflicts with the followers of other religions and ethnicities never became popular. The hypothesis of this article is that A’bdol-Rahmān Seif-e āzad paid attention to the theory of Aryanism for personal motives, including to benefit from economic privileges especially in Germany. For this reason, he was unable to find an intellectual basis for his views, and since his ideology had no intellectual roots, he found no influence in Iranian cultural and intellectual society. The research method of this article is descriptive, and then based on the descriptions, a specific analysis of the nature of the Aryanism movement has been presented. The main sources of this article are some of the contents of the Nāmey-e Iran-e Bāstān journal as well as views which opposing the Aryanism thought; also, some secondary sources have been used to better understanding of the contents of the issue.

This article contests the contention that sociology lacks a sound theoretical approach to the study of race and racism, instead arguing that a comprehensive and critical sociological theory of race and racism exists. This article outlines this theory of race and racism, drawing from the work of key scholars in and around the field. This consideration of the state of race theory in sociology leads to four contentions regarding what a critical and comprehensive theory of race and racism should do: (1) bring race and racism together into the same analytical framework; (2) articulate the connections between racist ideologies and racist structures; (3) lead us towards the elimination of racial oppression; and (4) include an intersectional analysis.

Copyright of Der Islam is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the impact of ideas about the historical and racial origins of the Holy Family that are captured in the painting Anno Domini or the Flight into Egypt (1883/4) by Edwin Longsden Long. Anno Domini fits into a wider 19th-century popular visual and literary narrative around Egypt and its ancient and biblical past. This general narrative, and its racial constructions, has been explored within reception theory and art history, but often overlooked in histories of archaeology and Egyptology. This paper unpacks how Anno Domini fits into a well-known orientalist way of seeing Egypt but also reflects ideas about race that were prevalent in archaeology and other newly established scientific disciplines at the time. The construction of the Virgin Mary and Christ child as White Europeans in Anno Domini both reflects and had an impact on constructions of race in Britain and on ancient (and modern) peoples in the Holy Land and Egypt in the late nineteenth century. These constructions fed the growing use of scientific terminology to give such racist imagery authority, as found in A. H. Sayce's 'Sunday school book' The Races of the Old Testament (1891). Sayce's popular book used photographs taken by the archaeologist Flinders Petrie in 1887 of different 'racial types' from Egyptian monuments. Anno Domini vividly illustrates the preoccupation with race and identity found in archaeological interpretations of and motivations for recording material culture from ancient Egypt. This paper illustrates how art, archaeology, orientalism and racial theory fused and fed each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1933 marked the end of autonomous and democratic women’s associations, historiography tends to neglect the study of feminist voices under National-Socialism. This paper looks at one ofvölkischfeminist movement’s leaders, writer and journalist Sophie Rogge-Börner (1878–1955), whose claims for gender equality were rooted in anti-Semitism and scientific racism. In its first section, the paper will present the core aspects of her racial-feminist discourse. The second section will discuss Sophie Rogge-Börner’s philosophy of education in detail to compare her conceptions to the official national-socialist ideology. By doing so, this paper will address the issue of women’s engagement, agency, and autonomy in the radical right. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reflects on the experience of curating the exhibition and events programme aroundTypecast: Flinders Petrie and Francis Galtonat the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, University College London during 2011.Typecastexplored ideas around race and archaeology, heredity and eugenics in the early twentieth century. After independent consultation, I decided to write about the exhibition from my own perspective and publicly identify myself as curator. As part of my own response, I drew parallels with contemporary events and issues today. This paper incorporates a discussion of:• the implications of using my personal identity; how situations could have been handled differently, • the myth of neutrality, especially around contentious issues, within museum and media institutions, • anonymous responses from visitors and identified critical voices; ethical responsibility in dealing with provocative issues, • how wider discussion in a public realm was facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article compares the respective projects, methods, and racial characterization of Jews in the work of Franz Boas (the German Jewish founder of American cultural anthropology), and Hans F. K. Günther (the most prominent theoretician of race in Nazi Germany). Though diametrically opposed in many respects, these men shared the view that Jews were not a race but a people composed of different racial types. Employing the terms "fixation of belief" and "de-fixation of belief," I compare their versions of science and their uses of science: I analyze the primacies between their projects, methods, and racial characterization of Jews. Boas deconstructed Jewish racial difference within the limits imposed by his own method; Günther transcended his own racialist method toward an antisemitic metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I propose a model for employing photograph-elicitation interviews in longitudinal ethnographic research on race and intimacy by drawing upon research that I conducted among British interracial families between 1995 and 2003. I evaluate my use of family photographs in photo-elicitation interviews as a methodological tool , a source of primary data and as evidence for theory. I used photo-interviews as a collaborative methodological tool to clarify and challenge theories that I had developed to explain how white birth mothers of African-descent children negotiate their “racial profiles” in public and private arenas. I analyse a case study of one transracial mother who strategically employed family photographs to project respectable “presentations” of her interracial familial life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensions between individual rights promised to US citizens and group discrimination targeted against African Americans and similar racial/ethnic groups constitute one enduring paradox of US society. This essay examines this paradox by exploring how a gendered family rhetoric contributes to understandings of race and US national identity. Using African American women's experiences as a touchstone for analysis, the article suggests that African American women's treatment as second-class citizens reflects a belief that they are 'like one of the family', that is, legally part of the US nation-state, but simultaneously subordinated within it. To investigate these relationships, the article examines 1) how intersecting social hierarchies of race and ethnicity foster racialized understandings of US national identity; 2) how the gendered rhetoric of the American family ideal naturalizes and normalizes social hierarchies; and 3) how gendered family rhetoric fosters racialized constructions of US national identity as a large national family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]