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The degrowth project proposes a fundamental reorganisation of contemporary society. The existing literature focuses on explaining why degrowth is needed to tackle the multiple socioecological crises of our time and what needs to change in contemporary society. Recently, there have been explicit calls to moving on to thinking about the question of how a degrowth transition could be achieved. In this task, we identify the 'end' of the vision, that is, the cornerstones of a degrowth society, and focus on the suggested changes leading there. Therefore, we conceptualise a degrowth society as a regime that can be studied with the help of institutional theory and the change leading to a degrowth regime as a degrowth transition. To understand the constituents of such a regime, we conducted a systematic mapping of the degrowth literature by focusing on specific change proposals from 2000 to 2020. We analysed these change proposals in the framework of institutional theory and identified three overarching themes forming the backbone of a degrowth society: reduction, reorganisation and localisation. These themes represent the cultural–cognitive dimension of institutionalisation processes and entail varying degrees of normative and regulative dimensions. According to the degrowth change proposals in the literature, reduction is to be achieved mainly through top-down regulation, while reorganisation and localisation require a bottom-up approach to mobilising collective agency and changes in the normative orientation of society. Our analysis regarding the founding pillars of the institutional order of a degrowth society unveils essential signposts that could be considered when formulating policies and narratives compatible with a degrowth transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the mechanisms of constituting new media schools and the semantic features of its controversial models. The processes that accompany the introduction of innovative systems under the conditions of the new discursive media space are shown, which, in turn, determine the introduction and establishment of a pluralistic media environment in postmodern sociocultural systems. In addition, we discuss the transformations of media discourses of the totalitarian regime in pluralistic media structures and the virtual results accompanying the implications of this reality and its transformation into imagined narratives on the border of the possible and the impossible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the financial structures of the BRICS Plus countries (comprising the original member countries of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa as well as the four new member countries of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) presents both opportunities and challenges in combating economic crimes, which include money laundering and terrorism financing. This article explores the complex regulatory landscape that governs the application of artificial intelligence in these efforts. It examines how artificial intelligence can enhance the performance of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing frameworks by enabling the evaluation of massive datasets, the identification of anomalous transaction patterns, and the automation of compliance procedures. Simultaneously, the article addresses the highly challenging situations that arise when using artificial intelligence. For instance, these technologies can make it difficult to understand the fluctuation of illicit price ranges, thereby complicating efforts to determine their origins and destinations. Through a comparative analysis of the frameworks throughout the BRICS Plus countries, this research highlights the varying levels of regulatory readiness of these frameworks and proposes pathways for harmonizing artificial intelligence-driven economic security measures. The overarching goal of an artificial intelligence model is to enhance both the effectiveness and the integrity of the financial sectors in the BRICS Plus consortium, necessitating a collaborative approach to combating financial crimes in an increasing number of digital economies across the world.

The seasonal behavior of fluvial dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations, termed DSi regime, mediates the timing of DSi delivery to downstream waters and thus governs river biogeochemical function and aquatic community condition. Previous work identified five distinct DSi regimes across rivers spanning the Northern Hemisphere, with many rivers exhibiting multiple DSi regimes over time. Several potential drivers of DSi regime behavior have been identified at small scales, including climate, land cover, and lithology, and yet the large‐scale spatiotemporal controls on DSi regimes have not been identified. We evaluate the role of environmental variables on the behavior of DSi regimes in nearly 200 rivers across the Northern Hemisphere using random forest models. Our models aim to elucidate the controls that give rise to (a) average DSi regime behavior, (b) interannual variability in DSi regime behavior (i.e., Annual DSi regime), and (c) controls on DSi regime shape (i.e., minimum and maximum DSi concentrations). Average DSi regime behavior across the period of record was classified accurately 59% of the time, whereas Annual DSi regime behavior was classified accurately 80% of the time. Climate and primary productivity variables were important in predicting Average DSi regime behavior, whereas climate and hydrologic variables were important in predicting Annual DSi regime behavior. Median nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were important drivers of minimum and maximum DSi concentrations, indicating that these macronutrients may be important for seasonal DSi drawdown and rebound. Our findings demonstrate that fluctuations in climate, hydrology, and nutrient availability of rivers shape the temporal availability of fluvial DSi. Plain Language Summary: The amount of dissolved silicon (DSi) in rivers is an important control on numerous ecological and biogeochemical processes, such as types of algae that bloom and rates of carbon sequestration. Compared to our knowledge of other nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, we have limited understanding of what controls the timing and concentration of DSi in rivers. Previous work identified five distinct seasonal patterns of DSi concentrations in rivers across the Northern Hemisphere; here we look at the environmental variables that control these seasonal patterns. We found that rivers often have one to five seasonal patterns over time due to interannual shifts in temperature, evapotranspiration, and streamflow. In addition, we found that the average shape of the seasonal pattern for a given river, specifically minimum and maximum DSi concentrations, was related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, highlighting linkages between N, P, and DSi cycling in rivers. This work identifies why river DSi concentrations exhibit both within and between year variability, highlighting that temperature, streamflow, and nutrient availability control the timing of river DSi availability for biological uptake. Key Points: Seasonal variations in annual riverine dissolved silica concentrations (DSi regime) were correctly classified 80% of the timeClimate and primary productivity emerge as the most important drivers in differentiating among average DSi regimesMedian nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations strongly predicted minimum and maximum DSi concentration, regardless of regime type [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study on the influence of the intensity of the welding current on the properties of the mechanical strain strength of welded joints made by using submerged arc welding technology. The influence of the welding current on the microstructure of the welded joints was also observed in different regions of the cross-section of the welding seam. Also subject to observation was the mode of influence of the welding current on the geometry and dimensions of the welding seams. The welded samples were obtained using five different welding regimes whose main variable was the intensity of the welding current, which had values between 300 A and 700 A. The criterion used as a reference for comparing the effects produced by the studied welding regimes was a standard welding regime that is used in the industry for welding railway tank wagons, with a welding current intensity of 480 A. The base material used in the experiments was a fine-grained carbon steel specially intended for the manufacture of pressure vessels identified as P355 N; the semi-finished product from which the samples were made consisted of 6 mm thick laminated sheets used in the manufacture of the covers of the vessels that make up the railway tank wagon. The aim of this study was to highlight the differences that may appear through varying the current welding parameter and identify welding regimes that can provide welded joints with superior mechanical properties compared to what is currently employed in the industry. This study focused on the most widespread technology of welding pressure vessels: the submerged electric arc welding method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Revista de Derecho is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionHistorians and political scientists have long debated the key influences of the Founding Fathers of the United States in establishing the government and drafting the Constitution. Thinkers like John Locke, Montesquieu, Algernon Sidney, and James Harrington are frequently cited, yet the influence of Machiavelli’s ideas has often been overlooked. Only a few scholars, such as Walter McDougall and John Pocock, have briefly suggested the possibility that the Founding Fathers were influenced by Machiavelli’s ideas, while others, like Anthony DiMaggio, have approached the topic solely from the perspective of foreign policy and empire. Given Machiavelli’s significance as a political theorist, it is crucial to explore his potential influence on the Founding Fathers’ thoughts in establishing the American Republic. Such an examination is important because it reveals how Machiavellian principles may have shaped state-building efforts and contributed to the stability and longevity of the U.S. government and constitution.Materials and MethodsThe present study used a qualitative, text-based documentary approach and analyzed library–documentary sources to demonstrate how Machiavelli’s ideas had influenced the views of the Founding Fathers. A close examination of Chapters 2–8 of The Discourses: Book 1 was conducted to reveal Machiavelli’s influence. These chapters are considered essential because they focus on the organization of political regimes. Four of these chapters are particularly significant, as they directly address the prudent establishment of a regime and constitution, offering guidance to future founders.Results and DiscussionThe analysis revealed that the Founding Fathers were significantly influenced by Machiavelli in their understanding of human nature and the formulation of the constitution. They drew on his ideas to create a mixed regime. The Founding Fathers were also guided by Machiavelli in their approach to foreign policy, their pursuit of empire, and their definition of the role of the people as defenders of freedom and guardians of the constitution. Consequently, some of the most fundamental aspects of the United States of American were rooted in Machiavelli’s theories and perspectives, even if they were not openly acknowledged. The durability and stability of the U.S. Constitution, in contrast to the instability and variability of the French Constitution, can be attributed to the Founding Fathers’ reliance on the insights of a thinker who had gained his wisdom through “long experience of modern things and the continuous readings of ancient [things]” (Machiavelli, 1989, p. 1); who had opposed fictitious principalities and republics that existed only in theory (Ibid, p. 93). In contrast, the French pursued abstract concepts and implemented purely theoretical ideas, guided by a philosopher whose “true masterpiece” was referred to as “Reveries of the Solitary Walker” (Rousseau, 1782, p. 12). The utopian republic they aimed to establish had to remain a mere figment of the imagination. According to the findings, ConclusionAccording to the results, the Founding Fathers’ views aligned with and were shaped by Machiavelli’s theories. The findings can provide a new foundation for American studies and Machiavelli studies, and pave the way for further research. Given that the theoretical foundations underlying the establishment of the United States of America have been neglected in academic discussions in Iran, the present study can be considered a pioneering effort to address the Founding Fathers’ thoughts and the influence of other philosophers on the establishment of the U.S. government. Furthermore, by focusing on the founding principles of America, the results of the study can lead to a more realistic approach toward the U.S. and the adoption of more thoughtful strategies in foreign policy. This study does not claim that the Founding Fathers relied solely on Machiavellian theories while disregarding other intellectuals. Rather, it aimed to demonstrate that dismissing or denying Machiavelli’s influence on the establishment of the United States is both unjustified and unwise, despite the Founding Fathers not explicitly referencing his ideas. Nevertheless, by focusing on two fundamental texts, the present inquiry sought to provide meaningful insights without undermining the results. A more precise and detailed understanding of the topic requires an examination of numerous documents and extensive debates that took place during the Constitutional Convention until the adoption of the Constitution in the thirteen state assemblies.

Recent analyses of the relations between Russia and China over the issue of energy have principally focused on the influence of exogenous forces, but have seldom addressed the intrinsic motivations that have shaped this energy partnership from within. This article argues that this oversight can be remedied through an analysis of the regime that gives prominence to the internal interactions of relevant stakeholders. By examining the three constituent elements of this energy partnership - interest articulation, negotiation mechanisms, and mutual recognition - this article argues that developments of relevant internal factors are generating cohesive forces that strengthen the partnership from within, thereby fleshing out a resilient energy regime that is becoming self-sustaining and even self-reinforcing. In addition to shedding novel light on the nature of the Russia-China energy partnership, a regime analysis provides valuable insights into its future trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose -- to highlight the peculiarities of the construction of the regime of residence and movement for foreign citizens in Soviet Ukraine in 1919s--1959s. The analysis covers the period from the beginning of the formation of the recording and registration system to the time when a clear organizational and executive system of legal and geographical prohibitions for visitors from abroad was built. The research objectives are to analyze the main principles of the Bolshevik concept of geographical and social isolation, the legal framework of various prohibitions and restrictions, and to review the institutional and instrumental specifics of control over foreigners. The methodology combines the tools of historical and legal analysis, social anthropology and the concept of social creation of spatial. The scientific novelty lies in the formulation and disclosure of the problem of conceptualization and practical implementation of prohibitions and restrictions for foreigners who visited the Ukrainian SSR, highlighting the peculiarities of transformations on the way from regular registration to strict control over them. Conclusions. The author has proved that the first practices of restrictions for foreigners who, for various reasons, were in Soviet Ukraine emerged in the first years after the Bolsheviks seized power. Certain milestones in the establishment of a special regime for foreign visitors were in 1935--1936 when the first rules of residence and movement were introduced for them, and 1959, on the eve of the beginning of mass foreign tourism, when a clear hierarchy and area of institutional responsibility were already established and the list of closed areas was specified. It was established that the Communist Party leadership, the high military command, and the Soviet special services were involved in the formation of the inaccessible area. The latter also took practical measures to ensure that guests from abroad complied with the regime rules. Strict control of behavior and restrictions on the movement of foreigners formed their specific view of the Soviet state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a study is conducted on tax reforms in Ecuador from 2020 to 2023, in order to know the evolution that has existed in these reforms year after year and their impact on tax collection despite the events that have appeared. In Ecuador, tax reforms have undergone significant changes, as well as the enactment of new laws such as: the Organic Law for Tax Simplification and Progressivity, the Organic Law for Humanitarian Support and the Organic Law for Economic Development and Fiscal Sustainability after the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the Microenterprise Regime (RIM) and Simplified Regime (RISE) have been replaced with the Microenterprise and Popular Business Regime (RIMPE) for the benefit of small and large entrepreneurs. This work has a bibliographic review of sources such as journal articles and statistical data from official pages (SRI), from which the information on the subject was reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We expand on the economic research about regime types, culture, institutions, and economic freedom, with the development of a unique measure of regime memory and examine the generational effect of past regimes on a country's level of economic freedom. Using a panel of 144 countries between 1970 and 2015 we follow the literature and argue that institutions can be fast and slow‐moving. We find evidence that regime memory promotes improvements in (discourages) economic freedom for countries that are historically democratic (autocratic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This review supports a non-inferiority of vegetarian plus creatine and ovolactovegetarian diets compared omnivorous diet when both have adequate supply of nutrients. • In randomized clinical trials testing creatine supplementation for mixed and vegetarian diets, different than expected, both had similar benefits from supplementation, even though the vegetarians possibly had a previous muscle creatine deficit. • There is a significant lack of studies with women in this area. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the scientific evidence in relation to neuromuscular adaptations to physical exercise in vegetarians versus omnivores. A thorough literature search of randomized clinical trials was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science without limitation of the starting date until June of 2021. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they measured the effect of diet (vegetarian or vegan versus omnivorous) of physical activity practitioners on neuromuscular adaptations, such as strength, power, endurance, and muscle hypertrophy. Eleven studies were selected, most performed with males. The intervention period ranged from one 1 to 12 weeks, and four studies supplement creatine. No statistically significant difference was observed for most parameters, only one study found difference in the strength where it was significantly higher for the vegetarian diet group. Of the studies that had creatine supplementation in one, the peak power output was greater for the mixed diet than for vegetarians, and in the other, vegetarians had total work performance greater than omnivores. Vegetarian plus creatine and ovolactovegetarian diets seem to have no inferiority compared to the omnivorous diet in relation to neuromuscular adaptations to exercise, but caution still required for other vegetarian diets which that may not provide adequate amounts of protein and micronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

my new article deals with the heavy-handed censorship issued and practiced by the political-cultural elite in Germany. This in the name of the near-fascist Netanjahu regime in Israel and the loser-Zelensky regime in Ukraine. The ensuing evaluation along a) traditional media and communiciations theory and b) my new concept of creativity - ANTOA, is based on my German newsletter from February of 2024, entitled "Is this real? - Scharfe Kritik bei Berlinale für Israel Hass“. Besides exposing baseless insinuations by political elites regarding a made-up, exaggerated anti-Israel bias, the article furthemore refers to the equally over-the-top censorship by the EU Commission. So-called Very Large Online Platforms (VLOP) like content sharing and social networks are under the spotlight in shape of the recent Digital Services Act. The evaluation of peace efforts in Gaza are compared to the equally thwarted dialogue between Russia and Ukraine, mainly sabotaged by same political elites who label freedom for Palestine as anti-Semitic. In conclusion a link between media and Arts criticism and construction of social reality is established. The current threat by politcal elites to free speech and peace efforts is highlighted as well. Can the analysis of social phenomena in terms of media and communiciations guidelines as much as based on the 5 premisses of ANTOA, of which a minimum of three points need to be applicable, lead to a free and fair social order? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China's national park reform has entered a new stage of promoting reform based on the protected area system. The national park team of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) took the lead in putting forward the construction plan of the TP protected area, which is dominated by national park in area and function. The TP national park group, including "small group" which refer to national park, and "large group" which refer to different protected areas, innovates the long-term mechanism for the construction of national ecological security barriers on TP. The national park group requires the overall management of the group. Nevertheless, there are still problems on TP, not only within a single national park, but also among national parks and between national park and other protected areas. In line with the new requirements of the reform of the national park, and focusing on the problems of TP protected area system, it is needed to accelerate the establishment of a trans provincial management system led by the central government of the TP national park group, and improve the relevant supporting systems at the same time, such as the establishment of national park and the guarantee of financial funds. It is also necessary to coordinate the multiple objectives of ecological protection and driving the synchronous modernization of local herdsmen. The vast number of herdsmen should participate the management and operation and become the continuous beneficiaries and active supporters of the national park group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anyone who has studied and heard about Ismail Kadare, his figure stood out not only in literature but also in the national field with a single goal, to see the albanians on a straight and prosperous path. Living almost half a century, among the communist crap that was the biggest hell in the history of the albanian people, his generosity triumphed when his personality was defined for a Europe where albanians would be able to create extraordinary sympathy, against it, which would fill their souls with peace and in the character of his people expand the borders of European identity. Not for nothing, criticism today hasdifferent notions about Kadare's personality, as a writer of great global proportions, and the other that through his figure he raised the albanian nation to an important world pedestal. Based on the fact that Kadare lived between two opposite poles from a fearful and dictatorial communist savagery, towards another European pole that was inviting him into its bosom, as an individual of an Albania that was giving its last breath, but whose mind and the conscience of a writer were moments of pride, because she was honoring the greatest man of albanian letters, that is necessary albanians through Kadare could build a European identity, in a country where the dictatorial barbarism installed in Albania had already been cemented and was killing the conscience of many writers, that Kadare was also going through this rave. His figure reached even greater fame, when in the 90s, the communist system fell, and he became part of the famous European elite that he had dreamed of for years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The articles in this thematic issue of Sociolinguistic Studies, 'Family as a language policy regime: Agency, negotiation and local practices', are concerned with the impact of family (language policy) among the minority population, whether indigenous or otherwise, on the sociolinguistic makeup of the contemporary policy regimes worldwide. Although family language policy is already a well-established domain of inquiry, this issue points to the wide range of cases from around the world, including Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Iran, Lithuania, Northern Ireland, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe, to understand how (individual) pathways are formed and choices made in favour of language and cultural maintenance. While covering a wide range of factors and perspectives that contribute to our understanding of families' linguistic behaviour and the broader social implications of the discipline, these papers emphasise the complex relationships between language, culture, politics, and socioeconomic factors in today's global multilingual and multicultural mosaic. This edition further underlines a number of present-day requirements in the field, such as being able to examine children's or extended family members' agency, use of digital technologies for language maintenance, different forms of parental language planning and activism to mention a few. The collection has emerged in the wake of a symposium 'Family as a language policy regime: Agency, practices and negotiation' at the 20th AILA World Congress (19-20 July, 2023, Lyon, France) and a closed call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devletlerin ve toplumların tarihlerinde önemli günler her daim olmuştur. Tarihi süreçte kazanılan askerî ve siyasî zaferler sonrasında belli gün ve tarihler “milli bayram” kabul edilerek, devletlerin, toplumların güçlenmesi ve dönüşümünde, ulus bilincinin artırılmasında, toplumsal birlikteliğin sağlanmasında önemli katalizör görevi görmüştür. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde de 29 Ekim 1923 tarihi yeni Türk devletinin yeni rejiminin belirlendiği önemli milli günlerdendir. Cumhuriyet rejiminin yasalarla resmileştirilip bu doğrultuda bayram kutlamaların yapılması halkın rejime karşı aidiyet duygusunu da pekiştirmeyi hedeflemiştir. Bu minvalde yurdun birçok yerinde olduğu gibi Doğu’daki illerde de Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamaları belli bir program çerçevesinde coşku ve heyecan içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mardin ve Hakkâri’de de Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamaları da aynı coşku ve heyecanla kutlanmıştır. Özellikle bu iki Vilayetin kendine has farklı kodlarından kaynaklı yapısından dolayı merkezi idare bu tür milli bayram kutlamalarını önemsemiştir. Çalışma kapsamında da 1934-1945 yılları arasında Mardin ve Hakkâri’de Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamalarında nelerin hedeflendiğine, nelerin yapıldığına, arşiv ve resmi belgeler dikkate alınarak değinilmiştir.

Introduction: the article is devoted to identifying and characterizing pedagogical capabilities of the regime as a means of correcting convicts. It presents a scientific view of the essence and structure of pedagogical capacity of the regime, as well as highlights its components, each of which is designed to help employees of a correctional facility to apply a normatively defined model of the order of the execution and serving a sentence and assist convicts in getting used to regime requirements. Pedagogical capacity of the regime is considered as a set of resources, which effectiveness is largely associated with by penal system employees’ wiliness and skills for pedagogical activity, as well as the state of the material and technical base for educational work in the correctional facility. Purpose: to reveal the essence and content of pedagogical capacity of the regime as a means of correcting convicts; to identify and characterize conditions of its productive use in the light of modern penal legislation and taking into account scientific achievements in this field of knowledge. Methods: comparative historical analysis, document analysis, monographic method, structural analysis, deduction method, logical generalization, etc. Results: the essence of the concept “pedagogical capacity of the regime as a means of correcting convicts” is revealed and its definition is proposed; key structural components of the phenomenon under study are presented; and conditions for successful application of the educational opportunities inherent in the regime are characterized. Prospects for studying pedagogical capacity of the regime in terms of the importance of applying individual and differentiated approaches in the correctional process are determined.

In the early 1960’s, Cambodia was introduced to its “golden era” of music. Unfortunately, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge would overthrow Cambodia’s Government, ending the reign of Cambodia’s golden era, and leading to a 5-year regime filled with brutality, torment, and thousands of mass atrocities. The purpose of this study was to seek a better understanding of how the legacy of Cambodia’s golden era has been impacted by the events of the Khmer Rouge regime. In order to preserve the voices of the survivors of the regime, oral history interviews were conducted with ten different survivors of the Khmer Rouge regime. The outcome of this study revealed that music from the golden era was significant to helping those who have endured such tragedy, by providing emotional support. This music has helped many survivors heal from their past traumas while also simultaneously helping to reminisce on their past.

Nicaragua faces a crisis of democracy. Daniel Ortega has risen as the newest dictator in Latin America and might well be signaling a new wave of dictatorships in the region. His climb to power has been decades in the making, but between the response to the 2018 protests, to the 2020 pandemic, and his latest ‘election’ in 2021, it has become quite clear that Ortega and his regime represent a rising authoritarian power in Nicaragua. Citizens are facing repression, exile, arrest, and death for even expressing disdain at the administration. Many have become enemies of the state. Several groups are particularly ‘at risk.’ In this paper, the lens is through health service workers who are viewed as ‘oppositional’ to the Ortega regime and are facing severe consequences. Violent repression has become the norm, and Nicaragua's classification as a police state is excessively obvious through data and lived experiences of health care workers. Disloyalty is punished expediently, and many health workers have found themselves under surveillance, fired, forced out of jobs, forced to flee, detained, or killed. Foreign governments and international powers are hesitant to take any formal action against the regime. Nicaragua faces the rising power of authoritarian government as witnessed through repression and quelling of health care professionals and other entities of civil society.

What are the determinants and consequences of regime complexity? We argue that characteristics of international issue areas - network effects and entry barriers - affect the degree of feasible competition, with important consequences for authority relations, institutional differentiation, and substantive outcomes. Competition tends to erode the dominance of status quo institutions, diminishing hierarchy. Differentiation under competition varies according to power and material resources: Powerful states seek to shift the status quo by introducing undifferentiated institutions, while actors with limited resources tend to target differentiated niches. Variation in substantive outcomes depends on the initial configuration of institutions, particularly which actors are originally empowered and thus stand to lose from competition. We develop this theory and test four hypotheses by examining the regime complex for international education, a substantively important but often neglected issue area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mülkiye Dergisi is the property of Mulkiye Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is dedicated to the identification of contemporary instances of digital authoritarianism, exploring its definitions, characteristics, methodologies, and the tools employed by authoritarian governments to manipulate the social and political conduct of their citizens and control the flow of information. It aimed to consolidate power, control and manipulate information, and suppress dissent. The article delves into the various interpretations of digital authoritarianism by analyzing its fundamental elements and evident expressions. Through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, reports, news publications and case studies, the article aims to unravel the dynamic nature of digital authoritarianism, shedding light on how it adjusts to technological progress and confronts conventional notions of liberty within the digital era. Digital authoritarianism materializes through mass surveillance, cyber attacks, information censorship, and the targeted utilization of citizen data. A thorough exploration of digital authoritarianism can empower democratic societies to preclude potential infiltration of such manifestations, uphold democratic principles, and arrange the landscape based on these principles while ensuring unfettered access to information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple contemporary meta-analyses pointed out activism as one of the risk factors for engagement in political violence, which is in line with the early radicalization models. However, others pointed out that joining activist organizations could prevent individuals from conducting violent acts. This study attempted to empirically evaluate whether activism should be treated as a risk factor using a large international World Value Survey data set and controlling for support for family violence. The initial outcomes have confirmed that activists tend to hold more positive attitudes towards political violence than non-activists. However, this relationship lost practical significance when the support for family violence was included in the model, which was replicated across different political regimes and contexts. Although such results do not support the notion of activists exhibiting more positive attitudes towards political violence, they also do not imply that their attitudes towards political violence are more negative compared to non-activists. Therefore, without knowing more about the specific social issue and context in which it had developed, conclusions regarding one's attitudes towards political violence based only on his or her history of activism seem to be negligibly more correct than random guessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just over a quarter-century ago, the authors published a widely read essay comparing Weimar Germany and Post-Soviet Russia in historical perspective. After Russia's unprovoked assault on Ukraine, comparisons of Vladimir Putin's regime with Nazi Germany are once again tragically relevant. Reexamining our arguments from 1997 shows the continuing relevance of the variables we emphasized in that essay: the burdensome legacies of the past imperial regime, intense international pressure to marketize post-Soviet Russia's statist economy, and Russia's weak party system. Three main issues in our earlier article, in retrospect, required greater development: pinpointing the time span needed to assess regime change, distinguishing mobilizational and patrimonial forms of 'anti-liberal statism,' and exploring more fully the foreign policy options for would-be defenders of the liberal global order facing powerful revanchist challenges. We conclude that this sort of 'replication' of earlier research should be encouraged more often among political scientists adopting the comparative-historical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the identification of contemporary instances of digital authoritarianism, exploring its definitions, characteristics, methodologies, and the tools employed by authoritarian governments to manipulate the social and political conduct of their citizens and control the flow of information. It aimed to consolidate power, control and manipulate information, and suppress dissent. The article delves into the various interpretations of digital authoritarianism by analyzing its fundamental elements and evident expressions. Through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, reports, news publications and case studies, the article aims to unravel the dynamic nature of digital authoritarianism, shedding light on how it adjusts to technological progress and confronts conventional notions of liberty within the digital era. Digital authoritarianism materializes through mass surveillance, cyber attacks, information censorship, and the targeted utilization of citizen data. A thorough exploration of digital authoritarianism can empower democratic societies to preclude potential infiltration of such manifestations, uphold democratic principles, and arrange the landscape based on these principles while ensuring unfettered access to information.

The objective of this paper is to share the details related to the political situation after the regime change in Pakistan at the start of this year. After that, we have determined how this change impacted the citizens of Pakistan and what changes in the dynamics of their political thinking occurred. The researchers working on this research area are using ‘Qualitative Research.’ The Data for the research was taken from news sites, blogs, and social media; then, it was presented descriptively. The study in this paper makes us aware of the silent revolution in the way of thinking of the people of Pakistan and how they communicate their opinions with the government. This paper will only be limited to the extent to which each aspect of the change is being clearly described; it will also look at the possible solutions for resolving issues suggested by the people and how they should be implemented, and finally, what positive impact this regime change has had on people’s thinking.

The study aims to discover the variables that have contributed to the stability of Jordan's political system, despite the barriers and conditions that the Jordanian state has faced for more than a century in the world's tensest region. It began with a hypothesis: there is a link between Jordan's stability and the legitimacy of the regime, which is founded on voluntary consent between the leadership and the people, as well as loyalty to the leadership, belonging to the homeland, the rule of law, and respect for the constitution. The study represented Jordan's stability features, stages of development, and current position on the world's political map in the first century. The study's scientific and practical significance lies in clarifying Jordan's nature and the growth, progress, and prosperity that this country is experiencing at all levels, despite the challenges it faced during the centennial; and in assisting researchers, scholars, politicians, and decision-makers in similar countries to Jordan in determining how to benefit from Jordan's experience as a role model. The study used historical, descriptive-analytical, systems analytical, and decision-making methodologies to answer the study's questions and examine its premise. It concluded that the ruling regime's religious, historical, and political legitimacy, as well as its relationship with the Hashemites, the nature of Jordanian society, as well as the rule of law and institutions, national unity, and the strong mutual relationship between the leadership and the people, all contributed to Jordan's century-long process of political stability and development.

The outer space environment is in a critical circumstance. This can cause severe impact on humanity. The main issue is an increasing space debris population in Earth's orbit. To ensure the long-term sustainability of outer space activities, the relevant stakeholders need to collaborate with each other to solve challenging issues and find meaningful solutions. This article aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to provide information and insights to guide the alignment of all stakeholders towards space sustainability in the context of near-Earth outer space. The software VOSviewer is chosen to analyse the selected 205 journal articles from Scopus database during 2003–22. The results show the publication trends, the leading sources of publications and the country collaboration network. The discussion based on the selected articles can inform emerging theories that can underpin the development of the space sustainability concept. In conclusion, this analysis reveals the current scientific research and proposes meaningful theories for further research and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]