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The use of medicinal plants, mainly through teas, is a popular practice widely used to treat various diseases. Thus, the safety of the quality of the teas in the commercialization sector is of utmost importance, because it guarantees the consumers a vegetable product with good physical and biological conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of commercial samples of chamomile tea in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six samples of chamomile tea in the form of floral chapters obtained from local commerce in the city of Lavras were analyzed and tested for the presence of impurities, moisture content, total ash, labeling and heavy metals using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The analysis showed the presence of impurities above 3.41% in 83.33% of the samples. As for the label analysis, there was a lack of information according to the legislation. The moisture content of the samples was between 9% and 10.7% and total ash was between 7.49% and 8.68%; in the EDXRF test the presence of toxic metals was not identified and the most predominant chemical element was potassium. The chamomile plant materials are outside the specificities in quality control, presenting foreign material and lack of information on the packaging. In view of this, a more rigid inspection is necessary in order to avoid the presence of adulterants.port

In this paper I introduce a new inscription from the Eskişehir Archaeological Museum which houses a numerous collection of inscribed material from the main civic centres such as Pessinous, Midaion, Nakoleia and chiefly of course from Dorylaion. This inscription, carved on a marble slab was discovered in the county of Mihalıccık, ca. 100 km north-east of Eskişehir (ancient Dorylaion). According to the some previously published inscriptions, a large part of this county was called Choria Considiana in antiquity, which comprised seven villages and was incorporated into the patrimonium Caesaris as early as the reign of Hadrian. Given the find-spot and the expressions διὰ τῶν Καίσαρος χωρίων κωμῶν and ἐν ταῖς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Καίσαρος κώμαις, it can be securely said that the imperial estate recorded in this new inscription is identical with that named Choria Considiana. The attestation of the “misthotai = leaseholders” in the estate demonstrate that it was not a compact estate run by an imperial slave (=oikonomos), without the supervision of a procurator, as had previously been suggested. The inscription in all likelihood concerns a letter issued by the imperial legate of the province of Galatia and it shows that the inhabitants of Choria Considiana experienced tough times due to the inappropriate and illegal behaviour of military men and some imperial staff such as freedmen of the emperor, tabellarii, presumably conspiring with the misthotai. This letter stipulates that the soldiers and other officials shall not be provided with free lodgings and hospitality and they are required to buy the remaining things (τὰ δὲ λοιπά) at a fixed/ an offering price (παρεχούσης τειμῆς) in each place (ἑκάστῳ τόπῳ) from the coloni (παρὰ τῶν παροίκων). The inscription offers a list of punishments whose details are not known due to the fragmentary condition of those parts of the stone, if these gubernatorial orders are not adhered to. We are not sure whether these became effective in the long term based on the fact that the Skaptopara inscription manifestly records it had become a habit after some time that the orders of the governors began to be ignored, although they may have been followed for a while. There is unfortunately no hint as to the date of the inscription, because the name of the emperor or the governor is not recorded. Considering the parallel texts which also contain the complaints of the villages to the emperors and the responses they receive and which are mostly found within specific time span, ranging from the end of the 2nd century to the first half of the 3rd century A.D., one can also propose a similar date for this new inscription, which is also supported by the lettering forms employed., Bu makalede, Pessinus, Midaion, Nakoleia ve elbette Dorylaion gibi yerleşim yerlerinden getirilen pek çok esere ev sahipliği yapan Eskişehir Arkeoloji Müzesi’nden yeni bir yazıt bilim dünyasına tanıtılmaktadır. Mermer bir levha üzerine kazınan yazıt müze yetkililerinin verdiği bilgiye göre Eskişehir il merkezinin yak. 100 km kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Mihalıççık ilçesinde bulunmuştur. Daha önceden yayımlanan yazıtlar, bu alanın önemli bir bölümünün Antik Dönem’de 7 köyden oluşarak en geç Hadrianus döneminde imparatorun patrimonium’una dahil edilen Choria Considiana adını taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Yazıtın buluntu yeri ile içindeki διὰ τῶν Καίσαρος χωρίων κωμῶν / ἐν ταῖς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Καίσαρος κώμαις gibi ifadeler göz önüne alındığında yazıtta adı geçen imparator arazilerinin Choria Considiana ile özdeş olduğu rahatlıkla söylenebilmektedir. Yazıt, çok büyük olasılıkla Galatia eyalet valisi tarafından kaleme alınmış olan bir edictum niteliğindedir ve Choria Considiana sakinlerinin askerlerin ve tabellarii gibi diğer görevlilerin yasal olmayan uygunsuz tutumları ve hareketleri dolayısıyla sıkıntılı zamanlar geçirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yazıtta belirtilen düzenlemelere göre bundan böyle askerler ve görevliler artık bedava konaklamaya ve ağırlanmaya sahip olamayacaklar ve her bir yerde (ἑκάστῳ τόπῳ) geri kalan şeyleri (τὰ δὲ λοιπά) sabit bir fiyattan (παρεχούσης τειμῆς) çiftçilerden (παρὰ τῶν παροίκων) satın almak zorunda kalacaklardır. Yazıt, eyalet valisi tarafından konulan bu kurallara uymayanların detayları taşın ilgili bölümünün tam okunamaması nedeniyle bilinmeyen cezalara maruz kalacağını göstermektedir. Bu düzenlemelerin uzun vadede işe yarayıp yaramadığı belli değildir, çünkü Skaptopara yazıtının da gösterdiği gibi bir süre yürürlükte kalmasına rağmen bu emirlere riayet edilmediği ve aynı sorunların tekrar tekrar yaşandığı bilinmektedir. İmparatorun ya da eyalet valisinin ismi yazıtta geçmediğinden tarihleme yapabilmek için elimizde bir ipucu yoktur; ama köylülerin şikayetlerini bildirdiği dilekçeler ve buna Roma yetkililerin verdiği cevapları içeren benzer yazıtların çoğunlukla MS 2. yüzyılın sonu ile 3. yüzyılın ilk yarısına yoğunlaşmış olması, yeni yazıtı da aşağı yukarı bu dönemlere tarihlemek için uygun görünmektedir. Bu tarih aralığı yazıtın harf karakteri ile de uyum içindedir. Yazıtın Türkçe çevirisi ise şöyledir:İmparatorun çiftliklerinden geçen askerler, imparatorun ulakları, tanrısal imparatorun azatlıları, köleler, vicarius’lar … (köylerin kaynaklarını?) tüketmesin! Misthotai’lar için (= müstecirler?) bedava konaklamadan başka birşey sağlamak zorunlu değildir. Geri kalan şeyleri onların her bir yerde pazar fiyatı üzerinden çiftçilerden almaları zorunludur. Bu kurallara karşı gelen hem mülk sahipleri (?) hem de müstecirler benzer şekilde hesap vereceklerdir. --- Engellenmiştir ve tehlikelidir ----- Bunlar arasında hiçkimseye (?) ne azatlıların ne imparatorun kölelerinin ne de vicarii’nin payının (??) köylere dağıtılması (?) için müsaade olmadığını bildiklerinden ---- Eğer birisi mektupta yazılanlara karşı bir harekette bulunursa --- sadece --- aynı zamanda cezalandırılacak --- tanrısal imparatorumuzun (emirlerine ?) karşı olan ---- seçilmiş arkhonlar tarafından imparator efendimizin köylerinde zarar ziyana uğrayan sakinleri ---- ayakkabıcının ve kasabın ve diğerlerinin parasının ---- bilsinler ----- ne arkhon’a ne de --- herhangi bir şekilde

A widely discussed theme is the degradation of the environment, due to the exacerbated consumption of natural and industrialized resources, consequently a growing sequel leaves concerns regarding the final disposal of solid waste produced by the mass population, linked to the pattern of consumerism. It is within this conception that the present work is presented, approaching the items focused on the analysis process around the waste management in the school environment, the waste characterization and how the teaching-learning around this theme is concentrated in the school where the work will be applied, showing that there is a correlation between the data that will be generated with what can and is learned in the classroom. Aiming to analyze the management and characterization of solid waste at Dom Bosco Balsas School, the present work showed that this process of waste characterization, was performed, on December 22, 2021, using the method of quarteamento proposed by ABNT (2004), performing gravimetric characterizations of municipal solid waste at Dom Bosco Balsas School. In addition, waste quantification was performed by determining the apparent specific weight and by determining the total amount of waste. To determine the apparent specific weight, considering that 1m3 corresponds to 1000 liters, it was estimated that 1m3 corresponded to the volume of 4 garbage bags. A total of 37.852 kg was obtained for the 49 dumpsters that were emptied and collected to obtain the waste, i.e., within the estimated apparent specific weight. As for the values, each student produces 0.130 kg of waste daily at school = 0.130 kg/day, and it was observed that the main types of waste observed were paper/cardboard, organic matter and plastic. Seen this, the work hopes to contribute to school management, aiming to implement information to contingency plans in the scope of solid waste management and management and readjust the teaching about environmental education in its realistic prospect for the formation of students who in the future change the paradigm around waste management, whether at the municipal or state level. Un tema muy discutido es el de la degradación ambiental, debido al consumo exacerbado de recursos naturales e industrializados, en consecuencia una secuela creciente deja la preocupación por la disposición final de los residuos sólidos producidos por la población masiva, ligada al patrón de consumo. Es dentro de esta concepción que se presenta el presente trabajo, abordando los ítems centrados en el proceso de análisis en torno a la gestión de residuos en el ámbito escolar, la caracterización de los residuos y cómo se concentra la enseñanza-aprendizaje en torno a este tema en la escuela donde se aplicará el trabajo, mostrando que existe una correlación entre los datos que se generarán con lo que se puede y se aprende en el aula. Con el objetivo de analizar la gestión y caracterización de los residuos sólidos en la Escuela Dom Bosco Balsas, el presente trabajo demostró que este proceso de caracterización de los residuos, fue realizado, el 22 de diciembre de 2021, utilizando el método de cuarteo propuesto por la ABNT (2004), realizando caracterizaciones gravimétricas de los residuos sólidos municipales en la Escuela Dom Bosco Balsas. Además, la cuantificación de los residuos se realizó mediante la determinación del peso específico aparente y la determinación de la cantidad total de residuos. Para la determinación del peso específico aparente, considerando que 1m3 corresponde a 1000 litros, se estimó que 1m3 correspondía al volumen de 4 bolsas de basura. Se obtuvo un total de 37,852 kg para los 49 contenedores que se vaciaron y recogieron para obtener los residuos, es decir, dentro de lo estimado mediante el peso específico aparente encontrado. En cuanto a los valores, cada alumno produce diariamente residuos en la escuela = 0,130 kg/día, y se observó que los principales tipos de residuos observados eran el papel/cartón, la materia orgánica y el plástico. Visto esto, el trabajo espera contribuir con la gestión escolar, con el objetivo de implementar la información a los planes de contingencia en el ámbito de la gestión y manejo de los residuos sólidos y reajustar la enseñanza sobre la educación ambiental en su perspectiva realista para la formación de los estudiantes que en el futuro cambiar el paradigma en torno a la gestión de residuos, ya sea a nivel municipal o estatal. Um tema bastante discutido é a degradação do meio ambiente, em detrimento do consumo exacerbado dos recursos naturais e industrializados, consequentemente uma sequela crescente deixa preocupações no que tange o descarte final dos resíduos sólidos produzidos pela população em massa, atrelada ao padrão do consumismo. É dentro dessa concepção que o presente trabalho se apresenta, abordando os itens voltados para a o processo de análise em torno da gestão dos resíduos no ambiente escolar, da caracterização dos resíduos e como que o ensino-aprendizagem em torno dessa temática se concentra na escola em que o trabalho será aplicado, mostrando que existe uma correlação entre os dados que serão gerados com o que pode e é aprendido em sala de aula. Objetivando analisar a gestão e caracterização dos resíduos sólidos no Colégio Dom Bosco Balsas, o presente trabalho mostrou que esse processo de caracterização dos resíduos, foi realizado, no dia 22 de dezembro de 2021, utilizando-se o método de quarteamento proposto pela ABNT (2004), realizando caracterizações gravimétricas dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na Escola Dom Bosco Balsas. Além disso, a quantificação de resíduos foi realizada por meio da determinação do peso específico aparente e pela determinação da quantidade total de resíduos. Para a determinação do peso específico aparente, tendo em vista que 1m3 corresponde a 1000 litros, foi estimado que 1m3 correspondeu ao volume de 4 sacos de lixo. Obteve-se um total de 37,852 kg para as 49 lixeiras que foram esvaziadas e recolhidas para obtenção dos resíduos, ou seja, dentro do estimado por meio do peso específico aparente encontrado. Quanto aos valores, cada aluno produz de lixo diariamente na escola= 0,130 Kg/dia, e observou-se que os principais tipos classes de resíduos observados foram papel/papelão, matéria orgânica e plástico. Visto isso, o trabalho espera contribuir com a gestão escolar, visando implementar informações aos planos de contingência no âmbito da gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos e readequar o ensino sobre a educação ambiental em seu prospecto realista para a formação de alunos que futuramente mudem o paradigma em torno da gestão dos resíduos, seja a nível municipal ou estadual.

In the chemical and nutritional analyses of pumpkin, the size of bulk sample recommended by the method of reference, makes the process time consuming and difficult to execute. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate different sampling methods to indicate the most suitable one to replace reference method to determine the levels of total carotenoids, total soluble solids, and moisture in pumpkin. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments and 18 replications. The proposed methods consisted basically in changing the way of taking bulk samples from the fruits: cylinders method, quartile method, and the slice method. Samples obtained by proposed methods were analyzed for moisture content, total carotenoids and total soluble solids. Results obtained by each proposed method were compared against the method of reference. Cylinders method showed the best results and was the easiest to be carried out, consuming only about 1/10 of the time required in relation to the method of reference. The cylinder method was rapid, efficient, reliable and exhibited the greatest suitability for replacing the reference method.

En diciembre del 2013, en Córdoba, Argentina, la policía provincial inicia una huelga, que detona en una serie de saqueos y situaciones violentas entre la ciudadanía. Aquí nos proponemos analizar los múltiples discursos producidos por medios televisivos sobre estos sucesos, identificando las relaciones intertextuales e interdiscursivas vinculadas a la construcción semiótica de las identidades de los actores intervinientes, en tanto rememoran acontecimientos pasados. In December 2013, in Cordoba, Argentina, the provincial police began a strike, which triggers a series of looting and violent situations among citizens. Here we analyze the many speeches produced by television media about these events, identifying interdiscursive and intertextual relations linked to the semiotic construction of the identities of the actors involved, as long as they recall past events.

Construction strategies, problems of arrangement, stonecutting techniques and tracings as well as representation systems converge in the historical development of the carved stonework. This article will discuss these developments and show the reality of the relationship between Stereotomy or stonecutting and such abstract concepts as geometry, stability and drawing, which might be different from what the layman could imagine. It will analyze the natural or forced connection between theory and practice in this matter, and also the usefulness of certain efforts, which are otherwise performed just to show off or be meant as a whimsicality., En el desarrollo histórico de la construcción en piedra tallada convergen las estrategias de la construcción, los problemas del despiece de los aparejos, las técnicas de la labra de la piedra, y los trazados y sistemas de representación. En este artículo se comentará esta evolución y se mostrará cómo la realidad de la relación de los cortes de piedra con conceptos abstractos como la geometría, la estabilidad o el dibujo, es algo diferente a lo que el profano puede imaginar. Se analizará lo natural o forzado de la relación de la teoría con la práctica de esta materia, y la utilidad de algunos esfuerzos, que se revelan más dirigidos al alarde o la voluntad de realizar un capricho.

Este artículo presenta una interpretación hermenéutica/psicológica del cuento de hadas Zarevich Iván, el pájaro de fuego y el lobo a partir de la psicología analítica de Carl Gustav Jung y la metodología de interpretación diseñada por Marie Von Franz. The paper presents a hermeneutical/psychological interpretation of the fairy tale "Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray wolf" based on Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology and the methodology of interpretation designed by Marie von Franz. Este artigo apresenta uma interpretação hermenêutico-psicológica do conto de fadas Zarevich Iván, o pássaro de fogo e o lobo, a partir da psicologia analítica de Carl Gustav Jung e a metodologia de interpretação delineada por Marie Von Franz.

During the Peninsular War, the soldiers' situation got worse due to the lack of a suitable accommodation, a shortage of equipment and a poor diet. It was necessary to occupy civil and religious buildings which were eventually used as barracks, thus provoking important conflicts, but allowing a better accommodation than military camps. Even more terrible than surviving a battle was the soldier's daily life. They often couldn´t get dressed nor wear shoes and they hardly could get any food. En la Guerra de la Independencia, los combatientes vieron agravada su situación por la carencia de alojamientos adecuados, por una escasez en el vestuario y por una mínima alimentación. Hubo necesidad de ocupar edificios civiles y religiosos para que sirvieran de cuarteles, lo que provocó importantes conflictos, pero permitían un mejor alojamiento que los campamentos. Por otra parte, aún más terrible que la supervivencia en los combates fue la del día a día, pues hubo soldados que no tenían ni con que vestirse ni con que calzarse y que apenas podían alimentarse.