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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6-month Guolin Qigong on quality of life and serum cortisol among patients with cancer. Methods: This study was a two-arm and non-randomized controlled trial. Forty-nine patients with cancer who were over 18 years of age and diagnosed with cancer were enrolled in this study and assigned to either the Guolin Qigong intervention group (IG, n = 26) or the usual care group (UC, n = 23) for 6 months. During the Guolin Qigong exercise, the participants completed a training program consisting of five sessions per week and 40–60 min per session. The UC group maintained their usual lifestyle. The main outcomes included self-reported quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC-QLQ-C30) and well-being (General Well-Being Schedule, GWB). The second outcome was stress-related hormone serum cortisol measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All measurements were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Results: Forty-nine participants (57.4% females, 26 in IG vs 23 in UC) were enrolled in the study, and forty-five participants completed all tests after the 6-month intervention (48.9% females, 25 in IG vs 20 in UC). Compared to the UC group, quality of life, physical function, and pain significantly improved in the IG (P < 0.05). Similarly, some sub-scales of GWB improved in the IG group compared to the UC group, especially for cheerful distracted and overall score (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum cortisol between the two groups either at baseline or after intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Six-month Guolin Qigong could improve quality of life, physical function, and pain, and have a beneficial effect on the well-being of cancer patients. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients report fatigue as the most distressing symptom associated with cancer and treatment. Baduanjin has beneficial effects on reducing fatigue. However, no relevant randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of Baduanjin exercise with routine exercise in patients with lung cancer and fatigue have been reported. Methods: This blinded trial aimed to compare the effect of Baduanjin versus routine exercise on fatigue for patients with lung cancer. Participants in the intervention group received Baduanjin training and performed Baduanjin every week, while those in the control group performed routine exercise at the same frequency. Results: A total of 73 patients were analyzed. After the intervention, patients in the Baduanjin group experienced significant improvement in fatigue and pain (p < 0.05), while no significant difference in Edmonton Symptom Assessment System items were observed among patients in the exercise group. Conclusion: Our study showed that Baduanjin was a better exercise than routine activity in relieving their fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and various associated symptoms. Non-pharmacological interventions have gained attention for managing FMS and improving patient outcomes. We reviewed past research to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese martial arts (TCMA) and stretching training (ST) on symptoms of patients with FMS. We searched Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from their inceptions to June 1, 2023. Across selected studies, we evaluated TCMA and ST using Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) scores, pain symptoms, fatigue levels, and sleep quality as outcome measures. Compared with control groups, participants receiving TCMA and ST interventions showed significantly lower FIQ scores (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) = -3.01, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [−4.83,−1.19]), improved pain symptoms (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI [−1.07,−0.47]), less fatigue (SMD = 1.31, 95% CI [0.50,2.11]), and enhanced sleep quality (SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.97,−0.12]). Subgroup analyses revealed that, irrespective of intervention duration, both TCMA and ST interventions were effective in relieving pain symptoms in these patients. ST interventions showed significant improvement in fatigue symptoms, while TCMA interventions positively influenced sleep quality. These findings highlight potential non-pharmalogical benefits of TCMA and ST interventions in managing FMS. However, future research should explore the optimal duration, frequency, intensity, and types of interventions for TCMA and ST and design targeted exercise intervention programs to study the effects of these interventions on different characteristics of FMS patients. Attention should be given to the effects of short-term interventions on improving fatigue symptoms, sleep quality, and pain relief, to provide more personalized and effective FMS treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: Althouth Qigong is commonly used to manage stress, anxiety, and depression, there have been no systematic reviews on Qigong therapy for stress management. This study aimed to analyze the clinical evidence of Qigong therapy for perceived stress. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Qigong using 11 electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL, and Korean Medical databases (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korean traditional knowledge portal, KoreaMed, OASIS, RISS, and the National Library of Korea). We considered RCTs in which participants with perceived stress with no restrictions on age, gender, or ethnicity. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias of the included RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Nine RCTs (China: n = 5, South Korea: n = 2, United States: n = 1, Brunei Darussalam: n = 1) were included in the systematic review. Results: The quality of the included trials was generally low, as only one was rated as high quality. For the primary outcome, a meta-analysis of two RCTs showed statistically significant results on the perceived stress scale comparing the Qigong therapy group with the no-treatment group (OR −0.60; 95% CI −1.02 to −0.17; p = 0.006). The results of three other studies showed that Qigong therapy had no significant effect compared to active-control therapy on the perceived stress scale outcome (OR −2.10; 95% CI −4.68 to 0.47; p = 0.11). Regarding the secondary outcomes, including depression, anxiety scale, and quality of life, the Qigong group showed statistical improvements in most studies; however, there was no difference in the pain scale between the two groups. In two studies, no adverse events occurred, whereas in one study, six cases (24% of participants) of mild muscle soreness were reported. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests the potential of Qigong therapy for stress management; however, it is difficult to draw specific conclusions. Future studies should standardize Qigong interventions and outcomes, establish sham control groups, and include larger sample sizes in RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends qigong as an aerobic exercise for reducing cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. However, findings regarding the effects of qigong on cancer-related fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment, and quality of life in this population remain inconclusive and contradictory. Further study is warranted to better understand the impact of this exercise. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of qigong on cancer-related fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors using a systematic literature review and metaanalysis. Methods: The search of the literature was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. The databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Airiti Library, and relevant articles published between inception and March 2024 were retrieved systematically. The quality of the retrieved articles was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 469 participants were analyzed. Qigong was shown to significantly reduce cancer-related fatigue (SMD = -0.86, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI [-1.24, -0.48], p < .001) and sleep disturbance (SMD = -1.03, 95% CI [-1.36, -0.69], p < .001) and to improve overall quality of life (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI [0.27, 0.92], p < .001). Conclusion/ Implications for Practice: Qigong exercises that include specific "moving meditation" and "dynamic posture" components and are performed for session durations of 60 to 90 minutes with 3 to 5 sessions per week for a period of 8 to 12 weeks may reduce cancer-related fatigue and sleep disturbance in survivors of breast cancer. Furthermore, the overall effects of these improvements were shown to enhance survivor quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises, both in isolation and in combination with medical treatments, on cognitive impairment. Methods: A systematic search of academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, was conducted to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated traditional Chinese exercises and their integration with medical treatments for addressing cognitive impairment. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook's Risk of Bias tool. A total of 24 RCTs involving 1,808 participants were included. The primary outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the intervention effects. Results: The network meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture combined with Tai Chi (Aandtaiji) showed the most significant improvement in MOCA scores, followed by Qigong. Tai Chi soft ball exercise (Taijiball) demonstrated the greatest improvement in MMSE scores. Conclusion: The combination of traditional Chinese exercises with medical treatment is more effective in improving MOCA scores, while traditional exercises alone yield better results to enhance MMSE scores. The extended practice of Tai Chi and Qigong enhances cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in chronic schizophrenia patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of Shen-based Qigong Exercise (SBQE) in improving the cognitive impairment of stable schizophrenia patients in rehabilitation wards. Methods: SBQE is derived from the theory of "body-spirit syncretism (xin shen he yi)" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is extracted from the four traditional Qigong techniques. In this 12-week, randomized, single-blind, controlled study, a total of 40 schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to either the SBQE group or the control group. The scores for the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were recorded at baseline and week 12, respectively. Results: At week 12, the mean RBANS total score was 84.5 points in the SBQE group and 72.8 points in the control group. The estimated mean difference was − 11.60 points (2-sided 95% CI, -22.41 to -0.79; P = 0.04). This difference was statistically significant (time-by-group interaction effect estimates, F(1,38) = 5.07; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings indicated that SBQE led to an improvement in cognitive impairment in stable schizophrenia patients in rehabilitation wards. Further research with robust design and larger sample sizes is necessary to validate the effects of SBQE on cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia, thus providing more substantial evidence for the clinical application of SBQE. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05310955 on 22/02/2022; http://www.chictr.org.cn/ Identifier: ChiCTR2200057373 on 10/03/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technique of transforming symptom's symbol into emptiness (TSSE) is a new mind–body treatment method proposed by Tianjun Liu in 2008. It integrates Qigong and concrete object‐image thinking rooted in traditional Chinese culture into modern psychotherapy and proposes that mental and physical problems can be alleviated or eliminated in the process of movement. Accordingly, the therapist needs to guide the client with various symptoms to psychological nothingness where the client cannot see or feel these symptoms, and the purpose of healing can be achieved through the experience of emptiness. TSSE is divided into static and dynamic operations and consists of 10 steps. The static operation includes trio relaxation exercises (the body, breath, and mind), identifying the target symptom, visualizing the target symptom as an object‐image, visualizing a symbolic carrier, and filling out record sheet A. The dynamic operation includes trio relaxation exercises again, moving the symbolic object into the carrier, moving the carrier with the symbolic object into psychological nothingness, moving back and assessment, and filling out record sheet B. The effectiveness of TSSE can be evaluated by the therapist's judgment based on the client's performance and by the difference between the symptom impact scores recorded in sheets A and B. TSSE has been proven to be an effective psychosomatic treatment solution by some empirical studies conducted in China. Future research can combine other technologies, such as fMRI and fNIRS, to further explore the potential effective mechanisms of TSSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic and debilitating illness with symptoms such as post-exertional malaise and cognitive dysfunction that can be challenging for patients to manage independently. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined mind-body and psychological approaches that teach patients coping skills for mitigating ME/CFS symptoms, including emerging literature on Qigong or Tai Chi instruction programs. This systematic review aims to summarize the characteristics of these trials and highlight potential areas for future optimization and refinement. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO via Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched in April 2023 using controlled vocabulary and keywords for the following eligibility criteria: Sample (ME/CFS), Design (RCT), Behavioral Intervention (mind-body or psychological interventions). Data extraction and reporting followed Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: "Qigong" and "Tai Chi" yielded 142 and 80 abstracts, respectively. Of the 222 abstracts, full texts were available for 5 RCTs of Qigong (k = 5; N = 481). Notably, no trials of Tai Chi utilized a randomized control design. Among the 5 Qigong RCTs, the publication range was from 2012 to 2023. Details regarding intervention components and effects were summarized. Qigong intervention sessions (median = 12, mode = 10, 12) tended to last between 1-2 hours and occur across 5-12 weeks (median = 7, mode = 5). The Qigong interventions were all delivered in groups and incorporated at-home practice. Daily practice was a requirement (k = 4) or an advisement (k = 1). Patient-reported outcomes suggest an emerging evidence base for diffuse benefits on physical and emotional health outcomes. Conclusions: Qigong interventions are promising, yet relatively understudied, in improving ME/CFS symptom severity and frequency. Future trials must implement standardized eligibility criteria for ME/CFS history, integrate Qigong or Tai Chi with other empirically supported mind-body and psychological practices, and assess long-term resiliency outcomes relevant to ME/CFS survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intervention studies examining meditative movement (MM) often demonstrate benefits on physiological and psychological health. A potential mechanism associated with these outcomes is heart rate variability (HRV), an important neurophysiological biomarker of optimal and resilient health and functioning. Objective: We aimed to synthesize existing literature on the effects of two related forms of MM, Tai Chi (TC) and Qigong (QG) on HRV parameters in adult populations. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, four databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Academic Search Premier, and PubMed) were searched for articles (through December 15, 2023) that included TC and/or movement-based QG intervention versus any control condition (active or inactive) and reported at least one HRV outcome. Two reviewers independently completed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Results: We identified 148 for potential inclusion. After removing 61 duplicates, 87 full-text reviews yielded 23 articles, and 16 qualified for meta-analysis based on common HRV outcomes. Meta-analyses indicated a significant overall effect of TC/QG interventions on high-frequency power and standard deviation of the beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN), two critical HRV parameters, compared with control conditions: for HF power, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.29, P = 0.003, 95% Confidence interval (CI) [0.10, 0.48]; heterogeneity: I2 = 46%, χ2 (8) = 14.89, P = 0.06; and for SDNN: SMD = 0.83, P = 0.02, 95% CI [0.16, 1.51]; heterogeneity: I2 = 90%, χ2 (7) = 71.62, P < 0.001. Other HRV parameters did not demonstrate significant changes upon meta-analyses, but overall effect sizes showed a trend toward the expected direction. Conclusion: Based on the strength of the evidence, we conclude TC/QG interventions may shift HRV parameters toward improved health status and resilience. In addition, we offer suggestions to improve the design and measurement of future TC/QG research interventions exploring HRV.

El qigong es un ejercicio físico y de concentración que ha experimentado una gran expansión a nivel mundial. Esta rápida difusión ha propiciado que se transmita desligado de su base filosófica y que se proyecte una mezcla confusa de conceptos relacionados básicamente con la salud física y mental. En este trabajo se interpreta el qigong desde una perspectiva filosófica. Para ello se ha tomado como referencia el concepto de armonía integral de Fang Dongmei y se ha elaborado un marco teorético que aporta una nueva lectura del qigong adaptada al momento actual. El ensayo resultante da consistencia a la praxis actual del qigong.

Abstract Background Due to poorer exercise tolerance, it may be challenging for frail older adults to engage in moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise. While low-intensity exercise interventions may be more feasible, its effectiveness for such population group remains unclear. We examined the effectiveness and implementation of community-based Baduanjin Qigong, a low-intensity exercise program in older adults with varying frailty status. Methods A two-arm, multicenter assessor-blind parallel group randomized controlled trial was conducted at three local senior activity centers. Fifty-six community-dwelling older adults with low handgrip strength were randomly allocated to either the intervention (IG) or wait-list control (CG) group. The IG underwent a supervised 16-week Baduanjin exercise program at a frequency of 2–3 × 60 min sessions/week. The CG was instructed to maintain their usual activity and received a monthly health education talk. The primary outcome measures were knee extension strength, vital exhaustion, and fear of falling. Secondary outcome measures include physiological falls risk, handgrip strength, gait speed, timed up and go test, 30-second sit-to-stand, quality of life, depression, and frailty. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Results Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in all outcome measures between CG and IG at 4-month follow-up. However, in exploratory compliance analysis, a statistically significant group x time interaction was found for vital exhaustion (B = -3.65, 95% CI [-7.13, -0.16], p = .047) among participants with at least 75% attendance. In post-hoc within-group comparisons, IG showed improved vital exhaustion by 4.31 points (95% CI [1.41, 7.20], d = 0.60). The average participant attendance rate was 81.3%. No major adverse events occurred, and all participants reported positive experiences with the exercise intervention. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that Baduanjin is a safe, feasible, and acceptable exercise program that can be successfully implemented in community settings for older adults with varying frailty status. With good adherence, Baduanjin exercise could potentially be effective in alleviating vital exhaustion. However, the effectiveness of Baduanjin on physical performance, psychological measures and frailty in community-dwelling older adults remains equivocal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04549103. Registered September 16, 2020.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong on patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: Relevant data were retrieved from nine English and Chinese databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Wanfang Data, etc. from inception to June 2024. All published randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong on visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and other health indicators in participants with LDH compared to usual medical care or other treatments were included. Grey literature, trials involving the pushing of hands (Tui Shou) or Tai Chi with weapons, and trials with co-interventions (Tai Chi/Qigong plus another treatment) were excluded. Methodological quality was analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool. Results: Fourteen trials (954 patients) were included in this study. Tai Chi and Qigong were associated with lower VAS pain scores (standardized mean difference −0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.15, P = .01), higher JOA scores (mean difference [MD] 4.40, 95% CI 2.62 to 6.18, P

Abstract Objective Traditional Chinese exercises (Taichi, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, and Baduanjin) are considered effective alternative treatments for improving symptoms in the stable phase of COPD. However, the most effective exercise remains unknown. This study compared the effectiveness of different traditional Chinese exercises on pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a network meta-analysis. Methods From database establishment until September 2023, eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched. Two reviewers performed the risk of bias assessment of the included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the evidence level was suggested using the GRADE system. Results Fifty-seven studies comprising 4294 patients were included. The results of the network meta-analysis show that Baduanjin was most effective in improving the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). However, Liuzijue significantly improved the first–second forced vital capacity percentage of expected value (FEV1%) and the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The probability ranking results indicated that Liuzijue was the most effective, followed by Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Taichi. Subgroup analysis in conjunction with intervention duration revealed that Liuzijue had a significant advantage over other interventions for improving FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC within 6 months and improved FEV1% and FEV1/FVC for ≥ 6 months. Moreover, Subgroup analysis based on baseline pulmonary function revealed that Liuzijue had a significant advantage over other interventions for improving FEV1% within severe and moderate groups. Finally, Subgroup analysis based on the frequency of interventions showed that Liuzijue was still more effective in improving FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC in the ≥ three times one week. Conclusion Liuzijue was more effective than Taichi, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, and Baduanjin in improving pulmonary function in patients with stable COPD.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises on stroke and explore the dose-response relationship between the type of exercise and exercise duration with respect to physical and mental health. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database to identify published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to stroke patients and traditional Chinese exercise that met the evaluation criteria, from the inception of the database until September 2022. After assessing the quality of the literature, we used RevMan5.4 for data analysis. Results: A total of 27 RCTs were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that motor function [MD = 4.79, 95% CI: (4.14, 5.43), p < 0.001], balance function [MD = 5.25, 95% CI: (3.93, 6.56), p < 0.001], and mental health [MD = -2.42, 95% CI: (-3.92 to -0.92), p = 0.002] were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese exercises have a positive effect on the physical and mental health of stroke patients, with the most significant benefit observed in balance function. While traditional Chinese exercises improve exercise capacity and mental health in stroke patients, these improvements are not directly correlated with longer practice time, and there appear to be certain limitations regarding duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and post-COVID syndrome (PCS) pose a substantial socioeconomic burden. The aim of this systematic review was to assess current evidence regarding the effect of the most popular forms of movement-based mindful exercises, i.e., qigong, tai chi, and yoga, on fatigue and associated symptoms in CFS and PCS. Methods: CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where qigong, tai chi, or yoga were compared with waitlist, no intervention, or active controls were included. Independent reviewers participated in data extraction, and evaluated risk of bias, spin of information, completeness of intervention description, and certainty of the evidence (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted. The primary outcome was the level of fatigue. Secondary measures were the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Thirteen RCTs with 661 participants were included, with most studies presenting a moderate or high risk of bias. Mindful exercises were more effective than control interventions to alleviate fatigue: SMD (95%CI) = −0.44 (−0.63 to −0.25), I2 = 48%, p < 0.0001. Positive effects were also observed for secondary outcomes. The certainty of the evidence was low or very low. Conclusions: Qigong, tai chi, and yoga may be effective to reduce fatigue and improve anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in adults with CFS or PCS. However, serious methodological concerns limit the clinical applicability of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to poorer exercise tolerance, it may be challenging for frail older adults to engage in moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise. While low-intensity exercise interventions may be more feasible, its effectiveness for such population group remains unclear. We examined the effectiveness and implementation of community-based Baduanjin Qigong, a low-intensity exercise program in older adults with varying frailty status. Methods: A two-arm, multicenter assessor-blind parallel group randomized controlled trial was conducted at three local senior activity centers. Fifty-six community-dwelling older adults with low handgrip strength were randomly allocated to either the intervention (IG) or wait-list control (CG) group. The IG underwent a supervised 16-week Baduanjin exercise program at a frequency of 2–3 × 60 min sessions/week. The CG was instructed to maintain their usual activity and received a monthly health education talk. The primary outcome measures were knee extension strength, vital exhaustion, and fear of falling. Secondary outcome measures include physiological falls risk, handgrip strength, gait speed, timed up and go test, 30-second sit-to-stand, quality of life, depression, and frailty. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Results: Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in all outcome measures between CG and IG at 4-month follow-up. However, in exploratory compliance analysis, a statistically significant group x time interaction was found for vital exhaustion (B = -3.65, 95% CI [-7.13, -0.16], p =.047) among participants with at least 75% attendance. In post-hoc within-group comparisons, IG showed improved vital exhaustion by 4.31 points (95% CI [1.41, 7.20], d = 0.60). The average participant attendance rate was 81.3%. No major adverse events occurred, and all participants reported positive experiences with the exercise intervention. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that Baduanjin is a safe, feasible, and acceptable exercise program that can be successfully implemented in community settings for older adults with varying frailty status. With good adherence, Baduanjin exercise could potentially be effective in alleviating vital exhaustion. However, the effectiveness of Baduanjin on physical performance, psychological measures and frailty in community-dwelling older adults remains equivocal. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04549103. Registered September 16, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroinflammation contributes to degeneration of neurons in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, are often increased in people with PD and are associated with various non-motor symptoms. Qigong exercise is a mind-body practice which has been used as a rehabilitation intervention for people with PD. A previous study showed a strong association between sleep quality and inflammatory status. This study investigated the effect of Qigong on inflammatory status in people with PD and explored potential relationships between inflammatory status and sleep quality in this population. The study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 17 participants completed the 12-week intervention (Qigong (n = 8), sham Qigong (n = 9)). Questionnaires were utilized to assess non-motor symptoms, including sleep quality. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by a high sensitivity antibody-based multiplex assay. After the 12-week intervention, a decreasing trend in the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 was found in the Qigong group. Moderate to strong correlations were found between changes in IL-1β concentrations and sleep quality. Inflammation is an important aspect of PD. This study explored the inflammatory status after a mind-body exercise. Further studies need to extend our findings to confirm the effect of Qigong in people with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intervention studies examining meditative movement (MM) often demonstrate benefits on physiological and psychological health. A potential mechanism associated with these outcomes is heart rate variability (HRV), an important neurophysiological biomarker of optimal and resilient health and functioning. Objective: We aimed to synthesize existing literature on the effects of two related forms of MM, Tai Chi (TC) and Qigong (QG) on HRV parameters in adult populations. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, four databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Academic Search Premier, and PubMed) were searched for articles (through December 15, 2023) that included TC and/or movement-based QG intervention versus any control condition (active or inactive) and reported at least one HRV outcome. Two reviewers independently completed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Results: We identified 148 for potential inclusion. After removing 61 duplicates, 87 full-text reviews yielded 23 articles, and 16 qualified for meta-analysis based on common HRV outcomes. Meta-analyses indicated a significant overall effect of TC/QG interventions on high-frequency power and standard deviation of the beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN), two critical HRV parameters, compared with control conditions: for HF power, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.29, P = 0.003, 95% Confidence interval (CI) [0.10, 0.48]; heterogeneity: I 2 = 46%, χ2 (8) = 14.89, P = 0.06; and for SDNN: SMD = 0.83, P = 0.02, 95% CI [0.16, 1.51]; heterogeneity: I 2 = 90%, χ2 (7) = 71.62, P < 0.001. Other HRV parameters did not demonstrate significant changes upon meta-analyses, but overall effect sizes showed a trend toward the expected direction. Conclusion: Based on the strength of the evidence, we conclude TC/QG interventions may shift HRV parameters toward improved health status and resilience. In addition, we offer suggestions to improve the design and measurement of future TC/QG research interventions exploring HRV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of Tai Chi Qigong (TCQi) practices on health and their reflections on nursing practices. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for TCQi included quantitative English-language studies from 2012 to 2021 using 7 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Ebrary, Elsevier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus). Seven studies were selected to review the effects of TCQi exercise applied by nurses in the presence of symptoms that worsen the general health status of individuals or develop secondary to chronic diseases: sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue symptoms, deterioration in the quality of life, worsening of self-care behaviors, and stress symptoms. Evidence on the use of the TCQi practices is limited, and the proof of its preferability over other integrative methods in care practices by nurses is not at the desired level. Therefore, this systematic review emphasizes further research on the risks and benefits of TCQi practices as with other integrative methods, so that TCQi practices, which are easier to apply than other mind-body practices, can be preferred by nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that Qigong (QG), a mind-body therapy, may help address symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the heterogeneity of QG content and delivery may affect its feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy. Objective: To survey researchers, clinicians, and QG instructors with experience working with people with MS to identify key components of MS-specific QG guidelines and protocols. Methods: We conducted an online survey to identify QG forms and movements considered helpful for MS, reasons for selection, characteristics of effective learning environments, and recommended dosage and frequency of practice. Quantitative data were analyzed using summary statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Forty-seven experts, including QG instructors, clinicians, and QG and MS researchers, completed the survey. Respondents had a mean (SD) of 20 (11) years of QG teaching experience, 26 (12) years of clinical practice, 24 (9) years of QG research experience, 13 (5) years of MS research experience, and worked with at least 3 (2) people with MS. Approximately 125 QG forms/movements were recommended. Some forms were specifically recommended to address MS symptoms (e.g., emotional regulation, balance and coordination, muscle strength and flexibility, immune regulation, and circulation). Some respondents felt that any QG form could be beneficial if basic principles were met (e.g., intentional movement, posture, focused awareness, rhythmic breathing/movement, and a relaxed mind and body). Instructor qualities included the ability to convey information clearly, being caring and compassionate, proficient in QG, and having basic knowledge of MS. To promote confidence in learning QG, recommendations included having simple, easy-to-learn movements with modifications based on physical ability. We provide a sample protocol based on these recommendations. Conclusions: This study provides expert guidance for developing a QG protocol for an MS population, including content and delivery recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Traditional Chinese exercises (Taichi, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, and Baduanjin) are considered effective alternative treatments for improving symptoms in the stable phase of COPD. However, the most effective exercise remains unknown. This study compared the effectiveness of different traditional Chinese exercises on pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a network meta-analysis. Methods: From database establishment until September 2023, eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched. Two reviewers performed the risk of bias assessment of the included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the evidence level was suggested using the GRADE system. Results: Fifty-seven studies comprising 4294 patients were included. The results of the network meta-analysis show that Baduanjin was most effective in improving the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). However, Liuzijue significantly improved the first–second forced vital capacity percentage of expected value (FEV1%) and the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The probability ranking results indicated that Liuzijue was the most effective, followed by Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Taichi. Subgroup analysis in conjunction with intervention duration revealed that Liuzijue had a significant advantage over other interventions for improving FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC within 6 months and improved FEV1% and FEV1/FVC for ≥ 6 months. Moreover, Subgroup analysis based on baseline pulmonary function revealed that Liuzijue had a significant advantage over other interventions for improving FEV1% within severe and moderate groups. Finally, Subgroup analysis based on the frequency of interventions showed that Liuzijue was still more effective in improving FEV1, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC in the ≥ three times one week. Conclusion: Liuzijue was more effective than Taichi, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, and Baduanjin in improving pulmonary function in patients with stable COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeTo systematically evaluate the effects of mind–body exercise on physical ability, mental health and quality of life in stroke patients.MethodsAccording to the PRISMA statement, we searched Web of science, Pubmed, Embase, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trials on the effects of mind–body exercise on improving balance function, motor capacity, walking function, depression and quality of life in stroke patients. The search was conducted in January 2024. Review Manager5.3 was used for statistical analysis of the data.ResultsA total of 33 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1985 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: Mind–body exercise had a significantly effect on balance ability [MD = 5.64, 95%CI = 4.17, 7.11, p 0.05]. The results of subgroup analysis showed: Qigong (Baduanjin) exercise for more than four weeks, 6–10 times a week, 15–40 min each time can significantly improve balance function and quality of life in stroke patients.ConclusionMind–body exercise can be used as a supplement therapy to conventional rehabilitation therapy, which is not only low intensity, high safety, but also because it is not limited to the site, can be accepted by most people and accelerate the rehabilitation process of stroke.

ABSTRACT: Background: Mind-body treatments have the potential to manage pain, yet their effectiveness when delivered online for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) is unknown. We sought to evaluate whether a virtually delivered mind-body program integrating tai chi, qigong, and meditation (VDTQM) is effective for treating LBP. Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared VDTQM (n=175) to waitlist control (n=175). Eligible participants were at least 18 years old, had LBP for at least 6 weeks, were not pregnant, had not previously taken tai chi classes, and had not undergone spine surgery within 6 months. The treatment group received a 12-week VDTQM program in live online 60-minute twice-weekly group classes from September 2022 to December 2022. All participants continued their usual activities and care. Primary outcome was pain-related disability assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, sleep quality, and quality of life (QOL). Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted. Results: Of the 350 participants 278 (79%) were female, mean age was 58.8 years (range: 21–92), 244 (69.7%) completed the 8-week survey, 248 (70.9%) the 12-week, and 238 (68%) the 16 -week. No participants withdrew due to adverse treatment effects. Compared with control group, treatment group experienced statistically and clinically significant improvement in ODI score by −4.7 (95% CI: −6.24 to −3.16, p

ObjectiveSubstance use disorders (SUDs) pose a significant challenge to public health systems worldwide, with persistent high relapse rates underscoring the urgency for innovative intervention strategies. This study embarked on a systematic exploration of the factors influencing relapse among individuals with SUDs, alongside the implementation of targeted Health Qigong intervention to mitigate these effects based on the embodied cognition.MethodsIn the cross-sectional survey, a total of 398 male substance users were recruited to complete the questionnaires assessing depression, self-esteem, resilience, and relapse inclination. Subsequently, 60 participants diagnosed with depression were selected for a Pilot RCT, randomly divided into an intervention group, which underwent a 12-week Health Qigong program designed to combat depression through embodied cognition principles, and a control group, which maintained their daily routines.ResultsStructural equation modeling demonstrated that depression not only had a direct effect on substance users’ relapse, but also exerted an indirect effect through three paths: firstly, via the mediating role of self-esteem; secondly, via the mediating role of resilience; and thirdly, via the chain-mediated role of self-esteem and resilience. Two-factor mixed-design ANOVA showed that the 12-week targeted Health Qigong training not only mitigated depression in individuals with SUDs, but also enhanced self-esteem and mental resilience, and reducing the propensity for relapse.ConclusionThis research identifies critical factors influencing relapse in individuals with SUDs and introduces a novel, non-pharmacological intervention that significantly diminishes relapse rates and enhances recovery outcomes. It highlights the importance of physical activity in promoting mental health improvement and integrates traditional Chinese exercises with contemporary psychological insights, offering a comprehensive approach to drug rehabilitation and the integration of cultural practices in holistic health interventions.

ObjectiveThis study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises, both in isolation and in combination with medical treatments, on cognitive impairment.MethodsA systematic search of academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, was conducted to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated traditional Chinese exercises and their integration with medical treatments for addressing cognitive impairment. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook’s Risk of Bias tool. A total of 24 RCTs involving 1,808 participants were included. The primary outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the intervention effects.ResultsThe network meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture combined with Tai Chi (Aandtaiji) showed the most significant improvement in MOCA scores, followed by Qigong. Tai Chi soft ball exercise (Taijiball) demonstrated the greatest improvement in MMSE scores.ConclusionThe combination of traditional Chinese exercises with medical treatment is more effective in improving MOCA scores, while traditional exercises alone yield better results to enhance MMSE scores. The extended practice of Tai Chi and Qigong enhances cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment.

Qigong is a meditative movement with therapeutic effects and is commonly practiced in Eastern medicine. A growing body of evidence validates its health benefits, leading to mechanistic questions about how it works. We propose a novel mechanism by which the "acid" caused by hypoxia affects metabolism, and the way it is neutralized through Qigong practice involves the body's blood flow and vasculature modifications. Specifically, Qigong exercise generates an oxygen supply and acid-base balance against the hypoxic effects of underlying pathological conditions. We also propose that Qigong exercise mediated and focused on the local hypoxia environment of tissues might normalize the circulation of metabolic and inflammation accumulation in the tumor tissue and restore the normal metabolism of tissues and cells through calm, relaxation, and extreme Zen-style breathing that gravitates toward preemptive health and medicine. Thus, we propose the mechanisms of action related to Qigong, intending to unify Eastern and Western exercise theory.

Older adults living in a community are looking for alternative and complementary methods to improve their healthy longevity and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Qigong therapy on psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study samples were 69 older adults (intervention, n = 34; control, n = 35) over 65 years old in community in South Korea. Qigong therapy was performed 50 minutes per session, twice a week for a total of 20 times over a 10-week period in a comfortable and quiet environment without external noise. Measures were the study participant's general characteristics survey, psychological well-being scale, Cornell Medical Index—Korean version, sleep scale, and life satisfaction scale standardized for the elderly. Effects of Qigong therapy according to interaction effect over time and the group showed statistically significant differences in psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction. This study suggests that Qigong therapy was an effective nursing intervention for improving the psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gather evidence on the effectiveness and safety of qigong, tai chi, and yoga to modulate symptoms associated with chronic respiratory diseases. A search of systematic reviews was conducted in CINHAL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating physical and psychological measures were eligible. The methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR-2), the spin of information in abstracts, and the overlap of primary studies were explored. Twenty-seven systematic reviews involving 37 000 participants, 146 studies, and 150 meta-analyses were included. Reviews investigated asthma (n = 4) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 23). Most reviews discussed their findings without considering the risk of bias of primary studies. The overlap ranged between slight (5%) and very high (35%). Yoga was better than control interventions to improve symptoms related with asthma. In adults with COPD, qigong improved dyspnoea, exercise endurance, lung function, and quality of life, while tai chi and yoga increased exercise endurance. The impact of yoga on symptoms associated with asthma varied depending on the lung function parameter and the control group. Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective to improve COPD-related symptoms, especially exercise endurance. Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective to improve symptoms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mind–body exercises promote self-care management and can be individually tailored. Due to no adverse effects, these interventions can be endorsed for rehabilitation as they appear to yield benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Veterans have a high prevalence of opioid prescriptions to manage chronic low back pain (CLBP), resulting in increased risk of becoming addicted and overdosing. It is important to identify effective and safe mind–body interventions to reduce opioid use for veterans with CLBP. Qigong, a mind–body therapy, is a promising approach to manage CLBP in veterans. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of qigong and examined whether pain is reduced after a qigong intervention. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 31 participants were randomized to the qigong intervention (n = 15) or a wait-list control group (WLCG; n = 16). The qigong intervention was conducted twice weekly in 45-minute sessions for 8 weeks (total of 16 sessions). Participants who completed the qigong intervention were invited to participate in a focus group conducted through videoconferencing. In addition to assessing feasibility and acceptability of the qigong intervention, pain intensity, pain interference, and low back pain and disability were measured at baseline and postintervention. Results: Qigong is a feasible intervention for veterans with CLBP, based on retention (83%), attendance (70%), and fidelity (100%), with no injury or other adverse events. Qigong was acceptable to the veterans with CLBP, who reported that they would continue to practice qigong to manage CLBP for long-term effects. Statistically significant differences in reduction in pain intensity (p =.047), pain interference (p =.04), and pain-related disability (p =.028) between the qigong group and WLCG from baseline to postintervention were identified. Conclusion: Qigong is a mind–body approach to manage CLBP in veterans who receive care through the Veterans Health Administration and in the community. For future studies, a larger sample would provide a higher level of empirical evidence to support qigong practice for CLBP in veterans. Future studies should assess sustainability of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to summarize the current evidence on the effectiveness of mind-body exercises, specifically qigong, tai chi, and yoga, on osteoarthritis-related symptoms. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to 20 June 2022. Pain, physical function, psychological symptoms, and quality of life were analyzed. AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality of SRs. The primary study overlap among SRs was calculated. A total of 13 SRs were selected, including 32 meta-analyses of interest that comprised 33 distinct primary studies. Overall, qigong, tai chi, and yoga-based interventions may improve osteoarthritis-related symptoms, mainly physical function. However, no SRs were judged to have high methodological quality. Only three SRs judged certainty of evidence using a gold standard for it. The primary study overlap was very high for SRs covering tai chi or yoga trials. There was a positive tendency in favor of these mind-body exercises for improving pain, arthritis self-efficacy, and mainly, physical function. Unfortunately, no clinical recommendations can be made due to the high number of methodological concerns that were described above. New high-quality SRs covering this topic are needed. It appears that qigong, tai chi, and yoga may improve physical function in osteoarthritis. In addition, tai chi may improve arthritis self-efficacy in knee osteoarthritis. As most of the included systematic reviews (SRs) had low quality, no firm recommendations can be made. Most of the included SRs did not evaluate the certainty in the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity levels of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are low due to the symptoms of COPD. The patients diagnosed with COPD are headed for complementary and alternative treatments to reduce the COPD symptoms, facilitate the treatment, and increase their physical activity. One of these treatments is QiGong, which is not yet common in our country. QiGong is a type of exercise based on ancient Chinese medicine, and mainly consists of active and passive exercises. These exercises open energy channels in the body, and thus prevent and/or heal diseases by establishing energy balance in the body through meditation, breath control, and bodily exercises. According to a literature review abroad, there are a small number of scientific studies related the therapeutic effect of QiGong exercises on symptom control, anxiety, reduction of stress and depression, increase in physical activity and quality of life, and the development of lung function of patients with COPD. By considering the educative role of nurses, it is important that the nurse has adequate knowledge of the treatment and care of patients with COPD. Therefore, this review is compiled to be informative about the effects of QiGong in the treatment of COPD, and assistance to subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hwabyung is a Korean culture-bound syndrome characterized by anger-related physical and psychological symptoms. Depressive disorder is a common mental illness occurring worldwide, and has been reported to have a high comorbidity rate with Hwabyung. For patients with depressive disorders, differential diagnosis and combined treatment for Hwabyung should be considered. Mindfulness and Qigong may be effective alternatives for regulating emotions such as depression, anxiety, and anger. This study aims to investigate whether Mindfulness and Qigong Training for Self-Healing (MQT-SH) would improve emotional problems in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. Methods: This study will be a two-arm block randomized controlled trial. A total of 64 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. While the experimental group will perform MQT-SH for the first six weeks, the control group will receive no treatment. During the next six weeks, the control group will perform MQT-SH for ethical equity. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks). The primary outcomes would be Hwabyung and depression, while the secondary outcomes would include anxiety, anger, and vitality. Discussion: This study will provide a basis for assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness and Qigong training in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects both young and old and is a growing public health concern. The common functional, psychological, and cognitive changes associated with TBI and recent trends in its management, such as recommending sub-threshold aerobic activity, and multi-modal treatment strategies including vestibular rehabilitation, suggest that Tai Chi/Qigong could be beneficial for TBI. Tai Chi and Qigong are aerobic mind-body practices with known benefits for maintaining health and mitigating chronic disease. To date, no systematic review has been published assessing the safety and effectiveness of Tai Chi/Qigong for traumatic injury. Methods The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All people with mild, moderate, or severe TBI who were inpatients or outpatients were included. All Types of Tai Chi and Qigong, and all comparators, were included. All measured outcomes were included. A priori, we chose “return to usual activities” as the primary outcome measure as it was patient-oriented. Cochrane-based risk of bias assessments were conducted on all included trials. Quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Results Five trials were assessed; three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs; only two trials were conducted in the last 5 years. No trial measured “return to normal activities” or vestibular status as an outcome. Four trials - two RCTs and two non-RCTS - all found Tai Chi improved functional, psychological and/or cognitive outcomes. One RCT had a low risk of bias and a high level of certainty; one had some concerns. One non-RCTs had a moderate risk of bias and the other a serious risk of bias. The one Qigong RCT found improved psychological outcomes. It had a low risk of bias and a moderate level of certainty. Only one trial reported on adverse events and found that none were experienced by either the exercise or control group. Conclusion Based on the consistent finding of benefit in the four Tai Chi trials, including one RCT that had a high level of certainty, there is a sufficient signal to merit conducting a large, high quality multi-centre trial on Tai Chi for TBI and test it against current trends in TBI management. Based on the one RCT on TBI and Qigong, an additional confirmatory RCT is indicated. Further research is indicated that reflects current management strategies and includes adverse event documentation in both the intervention and control groups. However, these findings suggest that, in addition to Tai Chi’s known health promotion and chronic disease mitigation benefits, its use for the treatment of injury, such as TBI, is potentially a new frontier. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [ CRD42022364385 ].

This research analyzes the effectiveness of Qigong gymnastics in improving the mental state of elderly patients with diagnosed hypochondriac syndrome. It was conducted in 2022 in Beijing (People's Republic of China) and enrolled 152 elderly patients with the diagnosed hypochondriac syndrome, age 72.3 ± 5.6 years. Group 1 consisted of 76 patients who did Qigong exercises for 1 year. Group 2 involved 76 patients who followed standard therapeutic exercises. Group 3 (control) enrolled 80 patients who did not do any gymnastics. The authors compared the anxiety indicators in patients of all three groups at baseline and after the experiment. The researchers also compared the mean score on the proposed questionnaire of 18 questions divided into 3-factor groups. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the scores (P ≥ 0.05). In Group 1, there was a 2-fold score decrease (P ≤ 0.01 between the baseline and post-study). In Group 2, the decrease was 0.5-fold (P ≤ 0.05); and in Group 3, there were no changes (P ≥ 0.05). In terms of anxiety, Group 1 had differences only at baseline (P ≤ 0.01). In Groups 2 and 3, high personal and situational anxiety remained at the post-study stage (P ≤ 0.05). Qigong gymnastics had a stabilizing effect on the mental state of patients diagnosed with hypochondriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor impairment is one of the most common defects after stroke, which could seriously affect the life quality of stroke patients. Exercise intervention gradually becomes a popular alternative rehabilitation therapy because of its safety and applicability. To systematically assess the effect of Qigong exercise on motor function in stroke patients. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of Qigong on motor function of stroke patients were obtained from PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure through May 2022. Mean values and standard deviations of the post-intervention score in both experimental group and control group were collected to calculate the mean difference (MD) and corresponkding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of each study, which were quantificationally summarized using the Review Manager 5.3 software. Nineteen randomized controlled trials enrolling 1487 stroke patients were included. Pooled results indicated that Qigong exercise had beneficial effect on balance function (Berg Balance Scale [MD: 7.56, 95% CI: 4.09–11.02]), limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [total score: MD: 7.54, 95% CI: 6.38–8.69; upper limb: MD: 3.57, 95% CI: 0.71–6.43; lower limb: MD: 2.44, 95% CI: 0.59–4.29]) and walking function (6-min walking test [MD: 62.21, 95% CI: 11.70–112.73]) of stroke patients. It was also found to be associated with an improvement in trunk function as indicated by the Trunk Impairment Scale. Available evidence supported potential benefits of Qigong exercise for improving motor functions of stroke patients. As a safe and widely applicable exercise, Qigong is worthy of further promotion in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: A recent three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with depressed Hong Kong adults demonstrated the comparable effectiveness of integrative Body-Mind-Spirt (IBMS) and Qigong interventions in relieving sleep disturbance and depression, but not which is best for whom? Guided by concept and theory-based hypotheses, clinical data-mining (CDM), the RCT data answers the more clinically relevant question: who responds best to which intervention? Method: Paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests were adopted to compare the within-subgroup differences; linear mixed models for normally distributed outcomes and generalized linear mixed models for non-normally distributed outcomes were used to compare the between-subgroup differences. Results: Results indicate that IBMS is more efficacious for older, more educated females, suffering from physical pain and illness; whereas younger, less educated males, not in full-time employment benefit more from Qigong. Discussion: This productive joining together of RCT and CDM recommends itself to both past and future RCTs, further informing evidence-based practice decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects both young and old and is a growing public health concern. The common functional, psychological, and cognitive changes associated with TBI and recent trends in its management, such as recommending sub-threshold aerobic activity, and multi-modal treatment strategies including vestibular rehabilitation, suggest that Tai Chi/Qigong could be beneficial for TBI. Tai Chi and Qigong are aerobic mind-body practices with known benefits for maintaining health and mitigating chronic disease. To date, no systematic review has been published assessing the safety and effectiveness of Tai Chi/Qigong for traumatic injury. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All people with mild, moderate, or severe TBI who were inpatients or outpatients were included. All Types of Tai Chi and Qigong, and all comparators, were included. All measured outcomes were included. A priori, we chose "return to usual activities" as the primary outcome measure as it was patient-oriented. Cochrane-based risk of bias assessments were conducted on all included trials. Quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Five trials were assessed; three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs; only two trials were conducted in the last 5 years. No trial measured "return to normal activities" or vestibular status as an outcome. Four trials - two RCTs and two non-RCTS - all found Tai Chi improved functional, psychological and/or cognitive outcomes. One RCT had a low risk of bias and a high level of certainty; one had some concerns. One non-RCTs had a moderate risk of bias and the other a serious risk of bias. The one Qigong RCT found improved psychological outcomes. It had a low risk of bias and a moderate level of certainty. Only one trial reported on adverse events and found that none were experienced by either the exercise or control group. Conclusion: Based on the consistent finding of benefit in the four Tai Chi trials, including one RCT that had a high level of certainty, there is a sufficient signal to merit conducting a large, high quality multi-centre trial on Tai Chi for TBI and test it against current trends in TBI management. Based on the one RCT on TBI and Qigong, an additional confirmatory RCT is indicated. Further research is indicated that reflects current management strategies and includes adverse event documentation in both the intervention and control groups. However, these findings suggest that, in addition to Tai Chi's known health promotion and chronic disease mitigation benefits, its use for the treatment of injury, such as TBI, is potentially a new frontier. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO [CRD42022364385]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a three-month Guolin Qigong (GQ) intervention on physical fitness and patient-reported health outcomes among patients with lung cancer. Methods: This pilot study was a non-randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants who were over 18 years of age and diagnosed with stage I–IV lung cancer were enrolled in the study and received either the GQ intervention or usual care (UC). Participants in the GQ group performed GQ at least twice a week (one hour per session) for three months. Physical fitness (chair stand, arm curl, sit and reach, back scratch, 8-foot up and go, 6-min walk test) was assessed at baseline, post-intervention, six months, and 12 months. Self-reported quality of life and sleep (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and six months. Results: Forty-nine participants (65% females, 59.1 ± 7.0 years old, ranging from 39 to 71 years old) were enrolled in the study, and 25 participants completed all tests at 12-month follow-up (13 in GQ vs. 12 in UC; 68% females, 59.3 ± 5.5 years old). Compared to the UC group, results for the chair stand and arm curl tests improved significantly in the GQ group from baseline to post-intervention (P = 0.024 and P = 0.041, respectively). Similarly, the 8-foot up and go test improved in the GQ group from baseline to post-intervention and 12 months (P = 0.004 and P = 0.008, respectively) when compared to the UC group. Between-group analyses also revealed a statistically significant improvement in global health status/quality of life from baseline to six months (P = 0.018) and quality of sleep from baseline to post-intervention (P = 0.034) in favor of the GQ group. Conclusion: GQ had a beneficial effect on lower and upper body strength, locomotor performance (speed, agility, and balance while moving), quality of sleep, and quality of life among lung cancer survivors, but further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings. Trial registration: The trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200059145). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic condition characterized primarily by airflow obstruction, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Traditional mind–body exercises, as a non-pharmacological intervention for COPD, have become a new research focus.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of traditional mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Qigong, Yoga) on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in COPD patients. Additionally, to identify the most suitable form of traditional mind–body exercise for different indicators.MethodsSearches were conducted in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, CNKI, etc., to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the intervention of traditional mind–body exercises (Tai Chi, Yoga, Qigong) in COPD. The Cochrane evaluation tool was applied for methodological quality assessment of the included literature. Statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed using Revman 5.4 software, while publication bias was assessed using R software.ResultsThis study included 23 studies with a total of 1862 participants. Traditional mind–body exercises improved patients’ FEV1% index (WMD = 4.61, 95%CI [2.99, 6.23]), 6-min walk distance (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI [0.55, 1.11]), and reduced patients’ SGRQ score (SMD = −0.79, 95%CI [−1.20, −0.38]) and CAT score (SMD = −0.79, 95%CI [−1.20, −0.38]). Qigong showed the most significant improvement in FEV1% and 6MWT, while Tai Chi primarily improved 6MWT, and the effect of Yoga was not significant. Sensitivity analysis indicated stable and reliable research conclusions.ConclusionTraditional mind–body exercises are effective rehabilitation methods for COPD patients, significantly improving pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. They are suitable as complementary interventions for standard COPD treatment.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display-record.php?ID=CRD42023495104], identifier [CRD42023495104].

IntroductionAmidst the ongoing global impact of COVID-19 on public health, there is an increasing focus on holistic strategies encompassing integrative therapies and rehabilitation techniques, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by Long-COVID-19. This review investigates the potential of Qigong, an ancient Chinese practice characterized by gentle movements, controlled breathing, and meditative elements, within the context of COVID-19.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify pertinent clinical studies.ResultsFollowing thorough database scrutiny, nine studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. Across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity, individuals engaging in qigong practice exhibited notable enhancements in both physical and psychological wellbeing, evidenced by ameliorated respiratory symptoms, reduced anxiety levels, enhanced sleep quality, bolstered mental wellbeing, and augmented health-related quality of life. Moreover, qigong training, whether employed independently or in conjunction with other therapies, demonstrated beneficial effects on Long-COVID-19 symptoms, encompassing persistent respiratory issues, dizziness, sleep disturbances, and compromised health-related quality of life.DiscussionThis review underscores the necessity for further investigation to quantify and standardize the contribution of Qigong to COVID-19 recovery and rehabilitation. Such endeavors aim to integrate this accessible and low-impact practice into public health strategies and comprehensive treatment regimens.Systematic review registrationThe review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework under the following doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7K5X6 (URL: https://osf.io/7k5x6).

The global aging population presents economic, social, and cultural challenges, accentuated by the rise of age-related chronic conditions. Physical activity emerges as a crucial component for elderly well-being, countering sedentary lifestyles and comorbidities. Motivation, habit formation, and cultural integration are key to sustaining exercise behavior. Practices like yoga, tai chi, and qigong, deeply rooted in tradition, offer holistic benefits for the elderly. Research underscores their positive impact on physical and mental health, particularly in improving balance and reducing falls. However, awareness of their advantages needs amplification. To foster adoption and sustainability, targeted awareness campaigns, community programs, healthcare integration, intergenerational involvement, and accessibility enhancements are proposed. By combining these strategies, therapeutic exercises can be seamlessly integrated into elderly lifestyles, promoting long-term health and well-being.

Theories of embodied cognition hypothesize interdependencies between psychological well-being and physical posture. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of objectively measuring posture, and to explore the relationship between posture and affect and other patient centered outcomes in breast cancer survivors (BCS) with persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) over a 12-week course of therapeutic Qigong mind-body training. Twenty-one BCS with PPSP attended group Qigong training. Clinical outcomes were pain, fatigue, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress and exercise self-efficacy. Posture outcomes were vertical spine and vertical head angles in the sagittal plane, measured with a 3D motion capture system in three conditions: eyes open (EO), eyes open relaxed (EOR) and eyes closed (EC). Assessments were made before and after the Qigong training. The association between categorical variables (angle and mood) was measured by Cramers V. In the EO condition, most participants who improved in fatigue and anxiety scales also had better vertical head values. For the EOR condition, a moderate correlation was observed between changes in vertical head angle and changes in fatigue scale. In the EC condition, most of the participants who improved in measures of fatigue also improved vertical head angle. Additionally, pain severity decreased while vertical spine angle improved. These preliminary findings support that emotion and other patient centered outcomes should be considered within an embodied framework, and that Qigong may be a promising intervention for addressing biopsychosocially complex interventions such as PPSP in BCSs.

One of the elements of the formation of intercultural foreign language competence in Chinese, along with the development of four main language competencies (speaking, listening, reading and writing) as well as the art of calligraphy and Chinese painting, is Chinese gymnastics Qigong used in the educational process. Today, academic education does not imply the introduction of Chinese Qigong gymnastics in- to the educational process in Russian schools, however, we believe that, as an element of holistic education, this type of activity is a facilitator of learning the Chinese language and a necessary component for the formation of foreign language intercultural competence.

Abstract Background About 69% of Americans living with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from long-term debilitating neuropathic pain, interfering with the quality of daily life. Neuropathic pain is refractory to many available treatments—some carrying a risk for opioid addiction—highlighting an urgent need for new treatments. In this study, we will test our hypothesis that Spring Forest Qigong™ will reduce SCI-related neuropathic pain by improving body awareness. We will determine whether remotely delivered Qigong is feasible and we will collect data on neuropathic pain, and other reported associations with pain such as spasms frequency and/or severity, functional performance, mood, and body awareness. Methods In this quasi-experimental pilot clinical trial study, adults with SCI will practice Qigong at home with a 45-min video, at least 3 × /week for 12 weeks. The Qigong practice includes movements with guided breathing and is individualized based on functional abilities, i.e., the participants follow along with the Qigong movements to the level of their ability, with guided breathing, and perform kinesthetic imagery by focusing on the feeling in the whole body as if doing the whole-body Qigong movement while standing. The highest, average, and lowest neuropathic pain ratings perceived in the prior week will be recorded weekly until the 6-week follow-up. The other outcomes will be collected at 5 time points: at baseline, midway during the Qigong intervention (6 weeks), after the Qigong intervention (12 weeks), after a 6-week and 1-year follow-up. Rate parameters for the feasibility markers will be estimated based on the participants who achieved each benchmark. Discussion The University of Minnesota (UMN)’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study (IRB #STUDY00011997). All participants will sign electronic informed consent on the secure UMN REDCap platform. The results will be presented at academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov registration number: NCT04917107 , (this protocol paper refers to the substudy), first registered 6/8/2021.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of Qigong on the anxiety state, heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing of anxious college students. Methods: A total of 37 individuals (18–25 years old) were randomly allocated to the control (n = 19) and intervention (n = 18) groups. Qigong interventions were conducted five times weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min. Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Fatigue Scale 14, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 36‐item Short Form Survey, HRV, and respiration data were collected before and after the 3‐month intervention. Results: Individuals who participated in the three‐month Qigong exercise intervention showed a significant reduction in anxiety, particularly mental anxiety (p < 0.05). Subjects in the intervention group presented a decrease in skin temperature (p < 0.05) and an increase in blood volume pulsation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, HRV exhibited a significant increase in the standard deviation of interbeat interval before and after comparisons (p < 0.05) and between the two groups (p = 0.039) and a reduction in the normalized low‐frequency power after the intervention. Moreover, the intervention group experienced increased abdominal breathing depth and abdominal breathing per minute (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Qigong is an effective mind–body exercise strategy for relieving anxiety. HRV and breathing were improved accordingly among college students after the completion of the 3‐month Qigong program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer-associated cognitive deficits following chemotherapy have received increased attention in clinical research. Exercise has been shown to preserve cognitive function in cancer patients, though the overall effect is mixed. Here we present a scoping review of the published literature summarizing methods used to assess cognitive function in exercise oncology trials. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched using keywords "cognition," "cancer" OR "neoplasm" OR "tumor," "chemotherapy" and "exercise" OR "physical activity." Studies eligible for inclusion include prospective studies that were published in English in peer-reviewed journals that include a method of assessing cognitive function in adult cancer patients, in which an exercise modality or method of quantifying exercise habits was evident. Studies were excluded if they included a pediatric population, patients that were not diagnosed with cancer, or were systematic/narrative/scoping reviews, protocol papers or dissertation/theses. Results: A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 29 unique assessments were used to evaluate cognitive function, including patient-reported outcomes (PROs; n = 8) and objective (n = 21) methods. More than half (n = 17) of included studies relied on PROs while 12 studies utilized objective measures of cognitive function Cognitive domains of the PROs were limited in scope, focusing on memory and attention/concentration while the objective measures were broader and inclusive of multiple domains. Conclusion: The results of this review indicate that mixed approaches to evaluating cognitive function in cancer patients pose a major limitation to understanding the role of exercise as an integrative approach. The evidence demonstrates a need for more uniform assessment of cognitive function in exercise oncology trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer-related fatigue and its associated symptoms of sleep disorder and depression are prevalent in cancer survivors especially among breast, lung, and colorectal cancer survivors. While there is no gold standard for treating cancer-related fatigue currently, studies of mind-body exercises such as Qigong have reported promise in reducing symptoms. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effect of Guolin Qigong on cancer-related fatigue and other symptoms in breast, lung and colorectal cancer survivors while exploring their perceptions and experiences of Guolin Qigong intervention. Methods: This is an open-label randomized controlled trial with 60 participants divided into 2 study groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will receive 12 weeks of Guolin Qigong intervention with a 4-week follow-up while control will receive usual care under waitlist. The primary outcome will be feasibility measured based on recruitment and retention rates, class attendance, home practice adherence, nature, and quantum of missing data as well as safety. The secondary subjective outcomes of fatigue, sleep quality and depression will be measured at Week-1 (baseline), Week-6 (mid-intervention), Week-12 (post-intervention), and Week-16 (4 weeks post-intervention) while an objective 24-hour urine cortisol will be measured at Week-1 (baseline) and Week-12 (post-intervention). We will conduct a semi-structured interview individually with participants within 3 months after Week-16 (4 weeks post-intervention) to obtain a more comprehensive view of practice adherence. Discussion: This is the first mixed-method study to investigate the feasibility and effect of Guolin Qigong on breast, lung, and colorectal cancer survivors to provide a comprehensive understanding of Guolin Qigong's intervention impact and participants' perspectives. The interdisciplinary collaboration between Western Medicine and Chinese Medicine expertise of this study ensures robust study design, enhanced participant care, rigorous data analysis, and meaningful interpretation of results. This innovative research contributes to the field of oncology and may guide future evidence-based mind-body interventions to improve cancer survivorship. Trial registration: This study has been registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12622000688785p), was approved by Medical Research Ethic Committee of University Malaya Medical Centre (MREC ID NO: 2022323-11092) and recognized by Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee (RH15124). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]