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Education for sustainable development is a broad, cross-cutting concept. How teachers in different subject areas prioritise aspects of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) impacts learning objectives and outcomes. The goal of this research was to uncover, characterise and analyse groups of teachers based their perceptions of teaching SDGs. The research was conducted using Q-methodology with a P-set of 36 Slovak and Czech secondary school teachers who were given a Q-set of 48 statements with cognitive, affective, and behavioural learning objectives in the area of sustainability. The findings suggested the existence of three clusters of teachers that differ in the way they perceive the importance of teaching concepts connected with certain sustainability goals. The three groups emphasised different features of teaching the SDGs: (1) educating pupils about prosocial attitudes because it leads to reduced inequality and discrimination; (2) providing quality education in general because it stimulates sustainable actions and (3) leading pupils to take action in their local environment. Based on these findings, some useful and important implications are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of patient (and their relatives/friends) aggression and violence against healthcare professionals in general, and physicians in particular, is a recognized problem worldwide. While numerous risk factors for such aggression and violence from patients (and their relatives/friends) have been identified, little is known about which risk factors are perceived as relatively most important in a specific context and among a particular group, and about the potentially differing views on the relative importance. This lack of insight prohibits preventive measures being tailored to address the main risk factors. Method: We conducted a Q-methodology study to investigate physicians' perspectives on risk factors for aggression and violence from patients (and their relatives/friends) against physicians in Chinese hospitals. A total of 33 physicians from public Chinese hospitals participated in this study and were asked to rank 30 risk factors according to their importance in triggering violent incidents. In addition, respondents were asked to explain their ranking of most and least important risk factors. Results: By employing a by-person factor analysis, four distinct perspectives on the importance of risk factors were identified: (1) unmet expectations of treatment and lack of resources; (2) perpetrator's educational background and personal characteristics; (3) distrust and limited protection measures; and (4) perpetrator's emotional well-being and poor interaction. There was a consensus across perspectives that failure to meet perpetrator's expectations is one of the most important risk factors and that physician's gender is one of the least important risk factors in the occurrence of patient (and their relatives/friends) aggression and violence against physicians in Chinese hospitals. Conclusions: This study has identified four distinct perspectives held among physicians on the risk factors for patient aggression and violence against physicians in Chinese hospitals. These insights enable the development and prioritization of targeted measures to address specific risk factors according to the dominant views among physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) are promoted as models of community-inclusive conservation, yet they often face criticism for inadequately incorporating community concerns into policy development. This study investigates community perspectives within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA) using Q-methodology to explore diverse viewpoints on Park Management Plans (PMPs). The research addresses three primary questions: which aspects of the PMP are most valued by GLTFCA communities; the extent of agreement and disagreement among these communities; and the areas where community viewpoints show the most significant tensions. Data was collected through Q-sort exercises with 103 participants from four GLTFCA communities, followed by post-sorting interviews to enhance validity. Findings reveal that empowerment and cultural heritage are the most dominant aspects valued by the communities. There is a strong preference for direct, tangible benefits over long-term promises. However, significant tensions exist between traditional knowledge systems and modern resource allocation strategies, highlighting the complexities of integrating diverse perspectives into park management. The study's implications suggest that TFCA policies need to better align management strategies with community priorities, emphasizing tangible benefits and cultural heritage to enhance community engagement. Additionally, addressing epistemological diversity by providing diverse approaches linking to the pluralism of viewpoints or identifying other synergistic, transdisciplinary, and separation approaches can help manage these tensions. This study confirms the critical issues of benefit sharing within TFCAs, providing insights that can inform equitable management strategies through direct democratic processes. Additionally, it highlights the intra- and inter-community heterogeneity of perspectives, contributing to broader debates on the effectiveness of TFCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle leaders were required to navigate the complexities of educational disruption and respond to internal and external demands throughout the pandemic. This shifting educational context necessitated a sensemaking process to better understand and act on the issues which gave rise to ambiguities in their school environment. This study investigated the sensemaking processes employed by 27 middle leaders from 20 government schools in Qatar, at a time when COVID-related restrictions had been lifted and face-to-face learning had resumed. To collect and analyze data, Q-methodology was applied. A 34-statement Q-sample was developed based on a proposed conceptual framework of sensemaking during times of disruption which included three dimensions: intrapersonal, relational, and institutional. Q-factor analysis revealed two significantly different viewpoints regarding how participants enacted certain practices in response to educational disruption. These were (1) sensemaking as a relational endeavor and (2) sensemaking as an agentic endeavor. The two viewpoints differed in sources of sensemaking and its mechanisms. Sensemaking offered a useful theoretical construct as it revealed middle leaders' perceptions and enactments, and their struggles in maintaining a balance between structure and agency. The study has implications for middle leadership policy and practices in times of educational disruption and beyond, with its distinctive methodological and contextual contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To identify a frame of reference for resident safety management in nursing homes.Q‐methodology.This study was conducted using Q‐methodology to identify shared perspectives about resident safety management among nursing home professionals. Data were collected from 13 May 2023, through 29 August 2023. Thirty‐four professionals, including nurses, care workers, social workers and physical therapists, classified Q‐samples into a normal distribution grid through Q‐sorting. Data analysis was performed using the PQmethod programme. Q‐factors were interpreted by integrating interview transcripts, demographic data and factor arrays that organised the analysis results.The analysis included the Q‐sort of 33 professionals, with an average age of 46.03 years and 6.53 years of nursing home experience, after excluding one individual who did not fit any Q‐factor. Four Q factors explaining 63% of the total variance were identified: constructing individualised possible risk trajectories, utilising ingrained safety principles, creating supportive safety environments and coordinating safety principles with individual needs.Understanding the diverse subjectivities of professionals can help develop strategies that promote collaboration among nursing home professionals and support preventive safety management practices.The frame of reference derived from nursing home professionals' perspectives suggests a resident‐tailored framework.This study supports the development of interprofessional education tailored to the specific needs of nursing home settings by identifying shared perspectives among nursing home professionals. The findings highlight the need for clear guidelines to help professionals balance resident autonomy with safety and assess the impact of family involvement.Reporting involved qualitative and quantitative approaches, in compliance with the MMAT criteria for mixed‐method research.No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pests such as invasive exotic wasps and rats are a serious threat to Aotearoa New Zealand's native species, and the country has been working toward the New Zealand government's target of eliminating rats, possums, and mustelids by 2050. Since current control methods lack the efficiency and scalability to eradicate mammalian predators and pest invertebrates like wasps, gene technologies are being considered and developed as additional methods of control. Social studies to gauge public perceptions on these novel technologies have also been conducted, with a strong emphasis on Indigenous viewpoints and the importance of societal compacts, particularly Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi). Conservation volunteers and environmental specialists are uniquely experienced and positioned to inform decisions on which technologies are developed and how, but 1) what are their views on genetic technologies for pest control and 2) how do they expect gene technology for pest control to be discussed and developed? To help answer these two questions, we conducted a new analysis of a dataset of 8,199 nationwide survey responses, 23 in-depth surveys of wasp control volunteers, and 18 interviews with rat and wasp control volunteers and environmental experts, using Q-methodology. All of the conservation volunteers, scientists, academics, and environmental professionals expect that risks associated with the technology are carefully and fully identified and mitigated against. A majority cautiously supports gene technologies for their potential to more effectively control pests. A significant minority supports gene technologies for pest control under certain conditions, most significantly if Māori as Tiriti partners are also supportive. A smaller minority has doubts and concerns about gene technologies for pest control and raises important considerations for scientists and policy-makers alike. Addressing all of these concerns, supported by Tiriti-based decision-making processes, will facilitate consensus-based discussions and decisions on genetic technology use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The scarcity of resources in long-term care demands more than ever that organizations in this sector are prepared for innovation to ensure affordable access to care for older adults. Organizations that are innovation ready are more capable of implementing innovations. Therefore, a better understanding of how stakeholders view innovation readiness in long-term care can provide actionable strategies to enhance their innovative capacities. 'Innovation readiness' indicates the level of maturity of an organization to succeed in any type of innovation. Our study explored perspectives among stakeholders on what they consider important for organizations in long-term care for older adults to be innovation ready. Methods: Q-methodology, a mixed-methods approach, was used to investigate the perspectives of 30 stakeholders connected to long-term care for older adults in the Netherlands: academics, (top)management, innovation managers, client representatives, staff, and consultants. Stakeholders were asked to rank 36 statements on innovation readiness on importance. Statements were extracted from literature research and qualitative interviews. Thereafter in the post-interviews stakeholders explained their ranking and reflected on the statements. By-person factor analysis was used to identify clusters in the ranking data. Together with the qualitative data from follow-up interviews, these clusters were interpreted and described as perspectives of the stakeholders. Results: Four distinct perspectives were identified on what they consider important for innovation readiness in long-term care: (1) 'supportive role of management' (2) 'participation of the client (system) and employees' (3) 'setting the course and creating conditions' and (4) 'structuring decision-making, roles and responsibilities'. The 36 statements represented a complete overview of innovation readiness factors. No additional innovation factors to those previously identified in the literature emerged from the interviews. Conclusions: Stakeholders agree that all factors contributing to innovation readiness of long-term care organizations for older adults are accounted for. The variety of perspectives on what is most important shows there is no agreement among stakeholders about a fixed route toward innovation readiness. However, stakeholders suggested a temporal order of the innovation readiness factors, preferably starting with formulating the innovation ambition. This study's results could contribute to developing an assessment tool to deliver a structured approach for managers to assess the innovation readiness of their organization. Registration: The study received ethical approval on April 13, 2022 from the Medical Ethics Board of Zuyderland Medical Center in the Netherlands with the number METCZ20220036. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pedagogically sound curricula are needed for occupational therapy (OT) students to adopt evidence-based practice (EBP) principles and internalise EBP within their professional identities. Exploring students' perceptions of this knowledge area can contribute to effective curriculum design. Aims/Objectives: To explore the evolution of pre-registration OT student perceptions of research and EBP over the course of their engagement with undergraduate teaching and learning. Materials and methods: The Q-sort approach synthesises different viewpoints regarding a sample of statements, using by-person factor analysis (respondents = variables; statements = sample). Final year pre-registration OT students completed the same Q-sort at three timepoints (pre-dissertation [n = 18]; post-dissertation submission [n = 12]; post-student research conference [n = 6]). Q-sort responses were intercorrelated and factor-analysed; extraction of factors with an eigenvalue of ¬>0.9 and varimax rotation identified majority viewpoints. Results: Significant factors were revealed at each timepoint: 1a: 'Evidence–inseparable from OT practice', 1b: 'Research for research's sake-inseparable from the occupational therapy identity', 2: 'Who am I to question the gurus?', 3: 'I can do it with confidence...but so what?' Conclusions: Opportunities for completing 'authentic' student research projects, with 'ownership' of results, may enhance research and EBP confidence and professional identity. Significance: Findings expand current knowledge regarding effective use of pre-registration educational opportunities to support future research and EBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing migratory game species is challenging and often leads to conflicts across areas or stakeholders. The European Turtle-dove Streptopelia turtur (TD), a declining migratory game bird, is currently subject to an adaptive harvest management plan in the European Union (EU), which has led to a temporary hunting moratorium in western Europe. We used Q-methodology to identify the discourses of hunters, hunting lobbyists and members of governmental agencies in Spain, the country with the largest TD hunting bags within EU, regarding the role of hunting and its regulation, including the moratorium, on species recovery prospects. Three discourses were identified: one that denies any involvement of hunting in the species population decline and thus considers the moratorium unnecessary; one that advocates for a moratorium but highlights the need for global strategies for it to be effective; and one that disputes the population decline, attributing the moratorium purely to environmentalists' pressures and false data. Larger differences were observed among hunters from areas with varying levels of TD hunting than among hunters that hunt or not TD, suggesting that discourses may be socially constructed and maintained. Hunting lobbyists' discourse was more uniformly against the moratorium than that of hunters as a whole, while governmental agencies had more nuanced perspectives. A point of consensus among discourses was the agreement on the need for transboundary coordination and a global conservation strategy incorporating habitat and hunting management approaches. These results emphasize the importance of increased transborder collaboration and effective communication strategies to mitigate conflicts about migratory game management. Key policy highlights: We analysed the discourses among Spanish hunters and governmental agencies about hunting regulations and the hunting moratorium of European Turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur). Three distinct discourses emerged: one denies hunting's role in the species population decline and considers the moratorium unnecessary; another supports the moratorium but highlights the need for global strategies; the third disputes the population decline, attributing the moratorium purely to environmentalists' pressures and false data. Despite these differences, there is a consensus on the need for a global conservation strategy incorporating agriculture, habitat, and hunting management along with transboundary coordination. This consensus could form the basis for future conservation plans. Some discourses suggest policymakers and hunting regulations are influenced by environmentalist pressures, potentially causing hunters' resistance to accept such measures if they feel unrepresented by administrative officers, or even leading to implementation failure. Greater stakeholder integration in generating research-based knowledge can enhance acceptance of decision legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the interplay between specific relations to nature and more abstract concepts and values regarding the nature of humans and nature and the relationships between humans and nature. We conducted Q sorts and interviews with 25 individuals who were growing plants in gardens, allotments or different kinds of agricultural settings in Scotland. We identified three discourses representing different ways of conceptualising human-nature relationships, namely: 1) Guardianship of fragile nature; 2) Partnership with powerful nature; and 3) Rational anthropocentric management. The different discourses implied different ways of approaching environmental issues and the right way for humans to relate to nature. While the three discourses represented different understandings of human-nature relations, there was also overlap and similarities amongst them. Cross-cutting themes included the notion of balance as a central aim of many 'growers' and learning as an important part of growing plants. The study also showed that the respondents' own practices did not neatly map on to single abstract perspectives, with individuals often drawing on elements of different discourses and commenting on their contradictions. Ultimately, this connected to the question on how to find the right balance between human and non-human interests. Bringing in a relational understanding and acknowledging the plurality of perspectives on human-nature relations, as well as their contradictions, overlaps and tensions, can open up the space for alternative narratives to be reflected in policies but also that structural and systemic changes are required for people to cultivate more benign relations with other-than-humans. Key policy highlights: We identify three discourses representing different ways in which people growing plants conceptualise human-nature relationships. Discourses imply different understandings of the role of humans, nature and environmental (biodiversity) management. Results point towards paradoxes and tensions and the struggle to balance different needs, often made more difficult by existing structural and systemic issues. A key question across discourses is how to find the right balance between human and non-human interests. Acknowledging plurality of discourses on human-nature relations, as well as their contradictions, overlaps and tensions, can open up space for policies to integrate alternative narratives and hence other types of behaviours and ways of being in relation to nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that help communities address social-ecological challenges such as flooding and polluted groundwater. Nevertheless, research shows that in practice, NBS confront several barriers in planning and implementation, many of which are related to the different attitudes of political and administrative actors. There is knowledge missing on their viewpoints on NBS. We used Q-methodology to explore the attitudes towards the implementation of a constructed wetland as NBS, interviewing decision-makers from the Tárcoles River Basin Commission in Costa Rica, the administrative body in charge of the integrated management of the river. We determined three recognizable viewpoints: 'the nature lover', 'the cost concerned', and 'the participation seeker'. Although all members of the commission shared a common vision, it was clear that their priorities differed. Regarding the ways of implementing NBS, interviewees agreed that the country urges a paradigm shift in policy design towards ecosystem-based approaches and emphasized the need for more cooperation among bodies of administration in river basin decision-making. We reflect on the lessons learned to improve planning and implementation of NBS, such as the importance of increasing knowledge and awareness of NBS, the support from all governance levels as well as the cooperation of researchers and policy-makers, and the consideration of NBS financing by private companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood risk is increasing, and residents are expected to undertake adaptation measures to minimize flood damage. This requires them to be aware of the risk they face and how they can adapt, but this is often not the case. Through risk communication, residents' relation to their flood-prone environment could be strengthened, but the effect remains limited. This article aims to understand how residents across countries prefer flood risk communication and provides a basis for developing communication strategies that manage to raise awareness on risk and adaptation. Residents living in flood risk areas in England and the Netherlands were interviewed on their preferences for flood risk communication. The Q-methodology, consisting of 34 Q-sorts, resulted in four significantly different sets of preferences: (1) localist; (2) sufficientist; (3) imperfectionist; and (4) conventionalist. Moreover, cultural and individual factors, such as country of residence, flood experience, and responsibility division, prove potential determiners for these distinctly different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further education (FE) is an under-represented area in educational psychology practice. As young people move from education to employment, those who have received support for an additional need which is not then recognised as a disability by the 2010 Equality Act; special educational need ("SEN") rather than special educational need and disability ("SEND") are at a significant disadvantage. Research into young people's views of their experience and hopes for the future is underexplored in this area. This small scale study used Q-methodology to investigate the views of ten young people with SEN (n2) and SEND (n8) as they leave further education. Three extracted factors, characterised broadly by need; social communication, physical needs, and learning difficulties, highlight different perspectives on the question of "what is important to you as you begin to prepare to leave college?". Findings demonstrate some parity between young people with and without a disability recognised under the 2010 Equality Act, emphasising the importance of continued educational psychology involvement within the 16–25 age range. Implications for educational psychology practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestic use of natural gas for heating is the prevalent option in the Netherlands. However, heat pumps will be mandatory in most Dutch households by 2026. Therefore, insights are needed in how citizens perceive this technology, by taking into account various societal, technological, economic, environmental, and political aspects. Our research offers a systematic investigation of the multiple viewpoints of heat pump users and their neighbors in Groningen, northern Netherlands. Using Q-methodology, we identified three distinct but interrelated and shared viewpoints: the realistic users, the hesitant neighbors and the enthusiastic advocates. All three shared viewpoints incorporate social influence and cognitive considerations, with the positive environmental impacts of heat pumps being highlighted in unison. Cognitive considerations relate mainly to technical and economic concerns. Social influence considerations often hint at the necessity of making prior agreements with the neighbors. We argue that the findings of this study can support policymakers toward the development of an integrated heat transition strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the urgency of global energy transition, small- and medium-sized cities often undergo rapid changes. What is often missing, however, is a better understanding of how residents of those places perceive, and relate to the various aspects of local energy transition process and spatial outcomes. This study focuses on the Hoogkerk district of Groningen in the Northern Netherlands, where we used Q-Methodology to identify shared viewpoints. Our findings reveal three main viewpoints: a) the importance of protecting local spatial and environmental values, b) prioritising energy-saving approaches notably for the vulnerable segments of the society, and finally c) the need for comprehensive district-level planning led by the municipality. These findings underscore the importance of integrated approaches that address both spatial and process aspects of local energy transition. We argue that these insights can support policymakers and the local citizen initiative towards the development of an integrated local energy vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into national legislation includes a need for their localization. The authors posit that this concept of localizing the SDGs is achieved if the goals are appended to an existing policy process with local implications, termed a "policy vehicle." For this study, Q-methodology was used to gather local perspectives on the legislative process for coastal planning in Norway (the "policy vehicle"), the "proxy" legislation through which the SDGs are localized for the case study municipality of Andøya, Norway. The overall aim of the study was to understand potential pathways for enabling approaches to societal transformations where focus is placed on fostering human agency and capacities. The authors demonstrate how Q-methodology can be applied for enhanced stakeholder engagement in local decision-making processes as a starting point to enable social transformations for sustainability in a social-ecological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We examine how stakeholders (n = 74) in the United Kingdom, Finland and Norway perceive security authorities' online surveillance capabilities, and how these perceptions form patterns transcending national borders and organisational boundaries. Using a Q-methodological approach, we found variation within and between nations that is usually obscured in the polarised public debates. Furthermore, our stakeholders presented areas of consensus not usually apparent in public discourses. We argue for using awareness of this nuance and areas of convergence as platforms on which to build more effective public debates to further principles of deliberative democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The success or failure of apex carnivore reintroduction efforts can hinge on understanding and attending to diverse viewpoints of those involved in and impacted by reintroductions. Yet, viewpoints vary widely due to a suite of complex and intersecting factors, such as values, beliefs and sociocultural context. We ask, ‘what are the diverse viewpoints that exist surrounding apex carnivore recovery and what kinds of emotional, analytical and values‐based judgments might people use to construct their viewpoints?’ We used Q‐methodology to identify distinct, generalized viewpoints and areas of overlap and divergence between them, surrounding a proposal to reintroduce grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) to the North Cascades Ecosystem, USA. Q‐methodology combines qualitative and quantitative methods by asking purposefully sampled respondents to sort various statements on a given topic into an ordered grid. We found three distinct viewpoints among 67 respondents using factor analysis and responses to open‐ended questions about the sorting exercise. Two of these viewpoints represent essentially polarized perspectives corresponding to deeply normative notions about grizzly bear recovery, where one views reintroducing bears as a moral requisite, and the other views it as inappropriate and risky. These viewpoints primarily diverged on their perceptions of risk and perspectives about our collective responsibilities to and appropriate relationships with others (i.e. ‘relational values’). The third viewpoint was distinguished by its prioritization of practical considerations and views reintroducing bears as impractical and not sensible. Our analysis underscores the need to identify and attend to latent viewpoints that may be overlooked in the polarized public discourse as well as the multiple value systems and perceptions of risk that are integrated in perspectives on grizzly bear reintroduction. Additionally, our broadly defined identity groups were of very little utility in predicting viewpoints in this study, highlighting the importance of avoiding assumptions about people's views based on their identities and interests. We argue that forefronting conversations about responsibilities and appropriate relationships is critical for finding acceptable paths forward in such recovery efforts. We discuss the management implications of these findings for the North Cascades grizzly bear reintroduction, and for other large carnivore reintroductions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Abstract Background The scarcity of resources in long-term care demands more than ever that organizations in this sector are prepared for innovation to ensure affordable access to care for older adults. Organizations that are innovation ready are more capable of implementing innovations. Therefore, a better understanding of how stakeholders view innovation readiness in long-term care can provide actionable strategies to enhance their innovative capacities. ‘Innovation readiness’ indicates the level of maturity of an organization to succeed in any type of innovation. Our study explored perspectives among stakeholders on what they consider important for organizations in long-term care for older adults to be innovation ready. Methods Q-methodology, a mixed-methods approach, was used to investigate the perspectives of 30 stakeholders connected to long-term care for older adults in the Netherlands: academics, (top)management, innovation managers, client representatives, staff, and consultants. Stakeholders were asked to rank 36 statements on innovation readiness on importance. Statements were extracted from literature research and qualitative interviews. Thereafter in the post-interviews stakeholders explained their ranking and reflected on the statements. By-person factor analysis was used to identify clusters in the ranking data. Together with the qualitative data from follow-up interviews, these clusters were interpreted and described as perspectives of the stakeholders. Results Four distinct perspectives were identified on what they consider important for innovation readiness in long-term care: (1) ‘supportive role of management’ (2) ‘participation of the client (system) and employees’ (3) ‘setting the course and creating conditions’ and (4) ‘structuring decision-making, roles and responsibilities’. The 36 statements represented a complete overview of innovation readiness factors. No additional innovation factors to those previously identified in the literature emerged from the interviews. Conclusions Stakeholders agree that all factors contributing to innovation readiness of long-term care organizations for older adults are accounted for. The variety of perspectives on what is most important shows there is no agreement among stakeholders about a fixed route toward innovation readiness. However, stakeholders suggested a temporal order of the innovation readiness factors, preferably starting with formulating the innovation ambition. This study’s results could contribute to developing an assessment tool to deliver a structured approach for managers to assess the innovation readiness of their organization. Registration The study received ethical approval on April 13, 2022 from the Medical Ethics Board of Zuyderland Medical Center in the Netherlands with the number METCZ20220036.

Abstract Mediterranean wildfires persistently challenge regions due to climatic factors, changing land use, and abandonment of rural areas, posing threats to both ecosystems and human well‐being. Current fire management emphasizes fire exclusion, neglecting traditional methods and socio‐ ecological processes, thereby elevating the risk of catastrophic events and negatively impacting ecosystems. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders and decision makers are essential for effective wildfire mitigation; lack of engagement perpetuates conflicts, underscoring the need to integrate diverse perspectives to enhance environmental management policies. Focusing on Monreale, Sicily, as a representative of fire‐prone Mediterranean landscapes, this study uses Q‐Methodology to investigate stakeholder attitudes toward the causes and drivers of wildfires. Using Q‐Methodology, the research identifies shared values and discrepancies among stakeholders, revealing information on acceptable wildfire policies by discerning areas of consensus. The paper delves into various perspectives on socioeconomic and political dimensions in Sicily, unravelling conflicts and consensus areas for advancing fire management objectives. It concludes with policy insights and recommendations for future research. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Abstract Background Formal evaluations are an integral part of a student's learning and encourage students to learn and help instructors identify students’ weaknesses. Over the past few decades there have been growing concerns that instructors and evaluators are passing students who do not meet expectations. This phenomenon, in which instructors pass students who do not meet expectations, has been referred to as “failure-to-fail”. In this study, we used Q-methodology to identify instructors’ justifications for failure-to-fail. Methods A Q-methodology study was conducted to identify the major viewpoints of instructors at a Canadian university. A by-person factor analysis with principal component factor extraction and Varimax rotation was used. The analysis was conducted using the QFACTOR program in Stata. A Cohen’s effect size of 0.80 was used to identify distinguishing statements. Results Fifty seven instructors participated in this study. Through a by-person factor analysis, three factors representing three viewpoints emerged: Intrinsically Motivated, Extrinsically Motivated, and Administratively & Emotionally Deterred. The Intrinsically Motivated group perceived mental barriers that prevented them from failing students. They strongly disagreed that they experienced pressure from either students or their schools to pass students. The Extrinsically Motivated believed that their higher-ups and the university encouraged them to pass all students. They perceived discomfort associated with defending their reasons for failing students and were concerned that failing students would damage their own career advancements. The Administratively & Emotionally Deterred group believed that the process of failing a student was stressful and exhausting. They disagreed that a failed student is a result of the instructor’s own inadequate guidance or mentorship. Conclusions This study identified three distinctive viewpoints that outline areas of consideration for addressing the failure-to-fail mechanism. More transparent discussions within schools, as well as identifying solutions, are required to create systems that ensure educational and professional standards are maintained. Further replication of this study in various disciplines may be used to determine whether these findings are consistent in different fields.

Introduction: Recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is increasingly recognized as a personal journey, necessitating an approach that considers individual goals and priorities. Research on recovery priorities in inpatient settings is limited. Our study employs Q-methodology to explore recovery priorities among clients with multimorbid SUD, aiming to guide targeted, recovery-oriented care. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed Q-methodology to explore recovery priorities among 129 individuals entering inpatient addiction treatment. A collaboratively developed Q-set of 42 statements covered clinical, functional, and personal recovery goals. Participants ranked statements by importance, and rotated factor analysis was used to identify clusters of recovery priorities. Qualitative interview data were then analyzed for further interpretation. Results: We found 12 consensus statements and two distinct factors. Factor 1 (n = 60) emphasized personal growth and coping, while factor 2 (n = 51) highlighted practical aspects such as securing income and housing. Qualitative data supported these findings. Conclusions: Despite the individual nature of recovery and the diversity within the addiction treatment population, our study identified shared goals and two distinct factors. This insight can inform tailored interventions, with factor 1 individuals potentially favoring psychological approaches and factor 2 individuals focusing on practical goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Formal evaluations are an integral part of a student's learning and encourage students to learn and help instructors identify students' weaknesses. Over the past few decades there have been growing concerns that instructors and evaluators are passing students who do not meet expectations. This phenomenon, in which instructors pass students who do not meet expectations, has been referred to as "failure-to-fail". In this study, we used Q-methodology to identify instructors' justifications for failure-to-fail. Methods: A Q-methodology study was conducted to identify the major viewpoints of instructors at a Canadian university. A by-person factor analysis with principal component factor extraction and Varimax rotation was used. The analysis was conducted using the QFACTOR program in Stata. A Cohen's effect size of 0.80 was used to identify distinguishing statements. Results: Fifty seven instructors participated in this study. Through a by-person factor analysis, three factors representing three viewpoints emerged: Intrinsically Motivated, Extrinsically Motivated, and Administratively & Emotionally Deterred. The Intrinsically Motivated group perceived mental barriers that prevented them from failing students. They strongly disagreed that they experienced pressure from either students or their schools to pass students. The Extrinsically Motivated believed that their higher-ups and the university encouraged them to pass all students. They perceived discomfort associated with defending their reasons for failing students and were concerned that failing students would damage their own career advancements. The Administratively & Emotionally Deterred group believed that the process of failing a student was stressful and exhausting. They disagreed that a failed student is a result of the instructor's own inadequate guidance or mentorship. Conclusions: This study identified three distinctive viewpoints that outline areas of consideration for addressing the failure-to-fail mechanism. More transparent discussions within schools, as well as identifying solutions, are required to create systems that ensure educational and professional standards are maintained. Further replication of this study in various disciplines may be used to determine whether these findings are consistent in different fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compassion is an essential and beneficial value in mental healthcare. However, how digital mental health interventions influence compassion in treatment has not been systematically investigated, due to the lack of appropriate measurement instruments. To address this gap, we developed the Compassionate Technology Scale for Professionals (CTS-P), aimed at mental health professionals. Methods: We used Q-methodology, a method that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore shared viewpoints on a particular topic, to select and refine items. Participants were 15 professionals from different areas of mental healthcare. In individual sessions, while thinking aloud, they sorted 35 statements on relevance for evaluating technology use on compassion. The statements were based on a scientific conceptualization of compassion with five elements. The sorting task was followed by a short interview to explore participants' associations with compassion and technology. Results: With by-person factor analysis, we found three different viewpoints among participants, all with eigenvalues > 1 and with a total explained variance of 63.02%. We selected prioritized items of each viewpoint and for each theoretical element of compassion, resulting in a full scale (15 items) and a short scale (3 items). Based on qualitative input from participants, the scale was adapted to clarify its focus and the wording of items. While thinking aloud, participants shared benefits and critical notes regarding technology and compassion. Discussion: Together with key stakeholders, we developed the CTS-P. Most participants prioritized the potential of technology to obtain more information and be closer to their client in facilitating compassion. The main critical note participants had was that technology is not necessary to support compassion at the therapist's experiential level. This emphasizes the need to further explore how mental health professionals and technology can complement each other in a system of compassionate care. Future research should explore the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the scale through psychometric validation. Conclusions: The CTS-P can make the extent to which technology for mental healthcare influences elements of compassion measurable and comparable. The scale can prove useful for prioritizing the value of compassion in both the development and use of digital mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified preservice teachers' perceptions toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study group comprised 22 Turkish preservice primary school teachers. The Q-methodology was adopted, the statements of which concerned the 17 SDGs. The data analysis revealed two main perspectives: the prioritization of basic human needs and the prioritization of future human needs. As a common perception, preservice teachers placed a higher priority on peace, justice, and strong institutions, no poverty, and quality education than on any of the other SDGs. The results shed light on how preservice teachers perceive the SDGs. Different perspectives of preservice teachers on the SDGs may influence their future teaching practice. This study highlights the importance of considering different perspectives among preservice teachers to ensure the effective implementation of SDGs in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults have been at greater risk for developing severe illness as a result of COVID-19. The intense shift toward a six-foot-distancing and orders to shelter-in-place was found to result in social isolation, potentially deteriorating the overall well-being of older adults. This study was to identify and categorize stress and coping strategies of older adults in the context of COVID-19. Using the Q-methodology, data were collected in partnership with a local community center from 40 participants (N = 40) aged 65 and older. Participants had a mean age of 73 (SD = 9.27); nearly all were female (85%), most (95%) were White, and over half lived alone (58%). Based on the results, participants were categorized into two factors (groups) using by-person factor analysis. Group one was found to adapt to a new routine despite feeling alone. Group two relied largely on religion and behavioral disengagement. Even with the homogenous sample, findings suggest an increased need for services in community centers, church groups, and assisted livings. Furthermore, future research ought to consider stress and coping strategies among men and/or persons of color, as findings from this study may have significant practice and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of "practical work" in chemistry lessons as perceived by teachers varies and does not always correspond with an emphasis on procedural learning. Teachers project various objectives in them. These activities have various characteristics and potential. The goal of this study is to find out the set of characteristics of practical activities in chemistry lessons as perceived by teachers. We identify and characterize the diversity of the sets of participants' perspectives across a given topic. Q-methodology was used to investigate the perspectives of 33 chemistry teachers regarding practical activities in chemistry lessons. The teachers ranked and sorted 61 statements about practical activities according to their preferences. The analysis showed three sets of perspectives: (Factor 1) focusing on experience with phenomena, (Factor 2) the teacher is in control, and (Factor 3) focusing on the process of learning. Based on the results, the study addresses some issues that need to be communicated with the teachers and their educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many European countries, semi-autonomous agencies have been created in health policy to safeguard general public interests. In executing their tasks, these agencies need to deal with conflicting expectations. Particularly avoiding the risk of regulatory capture and aligning with parent ministries are frequently studied challenges, even more so when complex issues such as scarcity are at stake. In this paper, we use q-methodology to provide a thorough overview of the debate regarding the role of an important agency in the Dutch healthcare system; the National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland). We conducted 41 q-interviews with agency employees, evaluators, regulatees, ministry employees, health policy experts, members of its advisory committees, and peer agencies. We identify three viewpoints on what the agency should focus on. These are on societally relevant issues, strict package management, and efficient organisation of care. In doing so, our study shows how agencies are pulled in different directions by conflicting expectations. We show that this can be problematic because it complicates a clear role of the agency that allows addressing such issues. We thereby contribute to theories on agencies' complex relations with their external environment such as regulatory capture, tripartism, reflexive regulation, legal boundaries, and stewardship theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts in the Netherlands have lately debated the novel policy idea to freely apply municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA). In this paper, we map this ambivalent and unforeseeable, subjective, expert debate. This will help policymaking because more knowledge on subjective expert viewpoints and perceptions allows for clustering conflict and consent as well as gaps in common understanding in this complex debate. We applied Q-methodology which resulted in four distinct perspectives in the expert debate that reveal insights into the social licence to operate and into the legitimacy of the novel bottom ash regime. The freely applicable quality of BA itself is accepted in all perspectives. Conflicting views were found about new risks, trust and socio-political acceptance of the novel BA applications. An important practical contribution of this study is that a higher acceptance of the freely applicable MSWI BA quality in the Netherlands within the expert community can be achieved if the new risks of the free application regime are tackled. We are the first to use Q-methodology in this field, and our academic contribution is that we show that this method can be a helpful tool to unravel complex expert debates also related to MSWI BA applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Long COVID is a global health concern which has debilitating effects on the individual experiencing it. In the United Kingdom, psychological therapies are being offered to people with long COVID, although the evidence for these therapies is yet to be demonstrated. This research aimed to understand how therapists and clients define and understand recovery from long COVID, and use hope theory to interpret the results. Methods: An online Q‐methodology was employed, where participants sorted a range of statements pertaining to long COVID recovery based on their level of agreement with them. These arranged statements (Q‐sorts) were collated and factor analysed to explore and compare underlying perspectives. Results: Sixteen participants were recruited for the study, including eleven clients, four IAPT therapists and one therapist working in the broader long COVID pathway. A four‐factor model is reported, including (1) Psychological Pathways to Recovery, (2) Social Context and Agency, (3) Physiological Goals of Recovery and (4) Personal Meaning Making. All IAPT therapists loaded onto the psychological pathways factor, whereas the remaining participants shared more diverse perspectives. Conclusions: The belief that long COVID recovery was possible, taken as an indicator of hopefulness, was rated highest for Factor 1, Psychological Pathways to Recovery, and Factor 3, Physiological Recovery Goals. This suggested that having a clear definition of recovery, or clear guidance on how to intervene, promoted hopefulness and, theoretically, well‐being. However, clients reported experiences of being invalidated and disbelieved by health professionals, with psychological explanations sometimes being experienced as dismissive and invalidating. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health professions education (HPE) research in the General Practice domain (GP-HPE) is vital for high-quality healthcare. Collaboration among GP-HPE researchers is crucial but challenging. Formulating a research agenda, involving stakeholders, and fostering inter-institutional collaboration can address these challenges and connect educational research and practice. Methods: We used Q-methodology to explore perspectives on GP-HPE research of participants from all Dutch postgraduate GP training institutes. Participants individually sorted statements based on the relevance of future GP-HPE research for educational practice. Data analysis comprised inverted factor analysis, rotation, and qualitative interpretation of configurations of all statements. The National Meeting on Educational Research took a participatory approach. Results: We included 73 participants with diverse involvement in GP-HPE research. We identified five distinct perspectives, each representing a research focus area for developing and innovating GP education: the clinician scientist, the socially engaged GP, the specific GP identity, the GP as an entrepreneur, and the GP engaged in lifelong learning. Discussion: The resulting five perspectives align with General Practice hallmarks. Q-methodology and a participatory approach facilitated collaboration among stakeholders. Successful inter-institutional collaboration requires a common goal, neutral leadership, participant commitment, regular meetings, audit trail support, process transparency, and reflexivity. Future research should address evidence gaps within these perspectives. Conclusion: Using Q-methodology turned out to be valuable for compiling a national research agenda for GP-HPE research. The research process helped to cross boundaries between researchers in different institutions, thus putting inter-institutional collaborative advantage center stage. Our approach could provide a conceivable procedure for HPE researchers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite growing scholarly consensus on the need for nature-based solutions (NBS) as holistic and sustainable alternatives to traditional engineering solutions, stakeholder acceptance and implementation of NBS remain low. This study investigates stakeholder narratives on implementing nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating hydro-meteorological risks across five European river basin sites in Eastern and Central Europe. Utilising the Q-methodology and narrative analysis, we identified three ideal–typical narratives: idealist, reformist, and sceptic—each providing distinct perspectives on evidence-based policy formation and NBS integration. Our results demonstrate that: (1) idealists' optimistic outlook risks overlooking critical engagement with implementation challenges; (2) neglecting sceptic concerns may impede NBS adoption and invite accusations of green-washing, and (3) reformists promote evidence-based approaches and transparent stakeholder engagement to bridge narrative divides. The study underscores the importance of identifying shared values, stakeholder collaboration, and a nuanced understanding of contextual factors in fostering NBS implementation. The study contributes to a practical framework aligning NBS projects with prevailing narratives, offering guidance for navigating the complex landscape of NBS implementation. Future research should prioritize in-depth analysis of agent perspectives, place-specific influences on narratives, and the application of narrative analysis to other emerging technologies and environmental topics (e.g. circular economy), deepening our understanding of the socio-political dynamics shaping the acceptance and implementation of sustainable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although many health and safety (H&S) studies have widely examined safety risk perception in the construction industry, few studies have explored how this perception influences site workers' risk-taking behaviours during construction. This study aims to examine how construction site workers perceive and judge safety risks in risk-taking behaviours of site workers for intervention safety policy framework that may encourage safe work. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed Pictorial-based Q-Methodology, which documented 63 picture scenarios of risk-taking behaviours from building sites and submitted them for validation from H&S inspectors. In total, 33 pictures emerged as having great potential to cause harm. After using these 33 pictures to elicit data from randomised site workers, the study used Frequency Tabulation, Relative Importance Index (RII) and Kruskal–Wallis Test to analyse the collected data. To fully explain the analysed data for deeper understanding, the study conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with these site workers to share the thoughts of site workers on these pictures. Findings: Two distinctive pictures emerged from these analyses: one showing risk-taking behaviour likely to contract internal and skin disease and the other likely to fall from height. One of the implications is that construction site workers are unfamiliar with the dangerous contaminants in the materials the site workers use to work, which can potentially harm the site workers' skin and internal organs. Hence, site workers continue engaging in risk-taking behaviours. The other is that site workers are aware of and can mention catastrophic physical injuries attached to site workers' jobs. However, site workers continue engaging in risk-taking behaviours because of site workers' safety plights and rely on the favour and mercies of a supreme being as coping strategies to escape from these physical injuries. Originality/value: This study is original in that the study uses picture scenarios of risk-taking behaviours to amass an empirical-based understanding of how site workers perceive and respond to H&S risks during construction. This piece of evidence is missing in the numerous research studies in this area. Again, the findings contribute to the state-of-the-art literature regarding risk-taking behaviours on construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pests such as invasive exotic wasps and rats are a serious threat to Aotearoa New Zealand’s native species, and the country has been working toward the New Zealand government’s target of eliminating rats, possums, and mustelids by 2050. Since current control methods lack the efficiency and scalability to eradicate mammalian predators and pest invertebrates like wasps, gene technologies are being considered and developed as additional methods of control. Social studies to gauge public perceptions on these novel technologies have also been conducted, with a strong emphasis on Indigenous viewpoints and the importance of societal compacts, particularly Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi). Conservation volunteers and environmental specialists are uniquely experienced and positioned to inform decisions on which technologies are developed and how, but 1) what are their views on genetic technologies for pest control and 2) how do they expect gene technology for pest control to be discussed and developed? To help answer these two questions, we conducted a new analysis of a dataset of 8,199 nationwide survey responses, 23 in-depth surveys of wasp control volunteers, and 18 interviews with rat and wasp control volunteers and environmental experts, using Q-methodology. All of the conservation volunteers, scientists, academics, and environmental professionals expect that risks associated with the technology are carefully and fully identified and mitigated against. A majority cautiously supports gene technologies for their potential to more effectively control pests. A significant minority supports gene technologies for pest control under certain conditions, most significantly if Māori as Tiriti partners are also supportive. A smaller minority has doubts and concerns about gene technologies for pest control and raises important considerations for scientists and policy-makers alike. Addressing all of these concerns, supported by Tiriti-based decision-making processes, will facilitate consensus-based discussions and decisions on genetic technology use.

This study adopted Q methodology to construct a holistic configuration of Chinese university students’ understandings of plagiarism. Twenty-five Chinese undergraduate students sorted 48 statements on plagiarism. Following the Q sorting, eight participants took part in a follow-up interview to justify their sorting. The study identified three distinct profiles of viewpoints on plagiarism: (a) highly condemnatory and punitive with a focus on practical causes, (b) moderately condemnatory with an emphasis on learning, (c) highly condemnatory with a focus on honor and self-accountability. These viewpoints are discussed with reference to the moral, developmental, and regulatory discourses on plagiarism in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is growing, and diabetes burden is increasing. Precision health in diabetes education and support employs different intervention strategies, depending on an individual's viewpoint on diabetes and self-management behaviors, to improve patients' treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and quality of life. Objective: To classify the behavioral and psychological phenotypes of self-management behaviors in adults taking oral glucose–lowering medications to develop a theory-driven, person-centered group intervention applicable to busy clinical settings. Methods: Q-methodology was used. From January to August 2020, 73 participants (48 male, 25 female) were invited to do Q-sorting with 33 statements. The principal component technique, followed by varimax rotation, was used for factor analysis. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity questionnaire and HbA1c in the past 6 months were included to obtain comprehensive understanding. Results: Fifty-one sorts (35 male, 16 female) loaded on 1 of 4 factors: factor A (n = 18): Needing emotional support with enhancing problem-solving skills group; factor B (n = 15): Self-help group; factor C (n = 6): Needing personalized coaching group; and factor D (n = 12): Needing basic diabetes education group. Conclusions: Each factor demonstrated a different need for diabetes education and support. Younger participants (factor D) had the poorest diabetes self-management behaviors and required basic diabetes education. Further research is warranted to develop a screening tool to classify the typologies and adopt the findings in a busy clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]