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The preschool years, spanning from birth to age six, are crucial periods for acquiring social-emotional learning (SEL) skills. An effective way to address social-emotional learning deficits is to implement evidence-based intervention programs. The purpose of this article is to review specific evidencebased social-emotional learning intervention programs for preschool children, drawing from resources such as books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and conference proceedings. In this context, five social-emotional learning intervention programs, including First Step to Success, I Can Problem Solve, Incredible Years, PATHS, and Strong Start Pre-K, documented in the social-emotional learning literature, were reviewed. Each program was evaluated based on its target group, duration, focus, delivery method, and experimental effects. The reviews found that play-based activities, puppets and stories, role-playing, and family involvement were common components of these programs. The majority of programs focused on problem-solving skills, and all had positive effects on preschoolers' social-emotional learning skills. Based on the reviews, it was underlined that social-emotional learning intervention programs are effective when their content, process, and delivery methods are developmentally appropriate for the target group. Accordingly, it was seen that the widespread implementation of evidence-based social-emotional learning intervention programs is essential to improve the basic social-emotional learning skills of preschool children and to address their potential deficits. Continuous evaluation and refinement of social-emotional learning intervention programs, guided by feedback from educators, parents, and researchers, was also highlighted as crucial to increase their impact. By prioritizing the implementation of evidence-based social-emotional learning intervention programs with appropriate components and delivery methods, the stakeholders of education can facilitate the holistic development of preschool children and lay a strong foundation for their future social-emotional well-being.

"Intervention on a String" sought to examine puppets and puppetry in the education domain. This research project sought to examine puppets in the classroom to see if their inclusion helped raise levels of student engagement, socialisation, and participation. Moreover, this project sought to understand how and why puppets, as pedagogical tools, might foster communication and social skills that help build relationships and potentially increase self-esteem in young people. Puppets have been used throughout the ages for entertainment as well as for the transmission of cultural stories, histories, and traditions, and have been described as an effective means of communicating with children (Bernier & O'Hare, 2005; Blumenthal, 2005; Sposito et al., 2016). However, an extensive examination of the literature surrounding puppets and puppetry in education showed that there is little research-based evidence surrounding their educational impact and benefits (Krögera & Nupponen, 2019).

Jiang Han Ping Yuan Shadow Puppetry, a traditional Chinese performing art rooted in Hubei Province's cultural heritage, embodies intricate shadow play, music, and storytelling. This research aims to explore the efficacy of integrating Jiang Han Ping Yuan Shadow Puppetry into education for cultural protection and literacy development among students. Conducted in Qianjiang City, the birthplace of Jiang Han Ping Yuan Shadow Puppetry, the study employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on ethnomusicology, historical theory, and the anthropology of music. Two key informants, selected for their expertise and local cultural ties, provide insights into the historical development, artistic characteristics, and cultural resilience of this shadow puppetry. Through a meticulous analysis of historical aspects, artistic features, props, and cultural practices, the research uncovers the rich tapestry of Jiang Han Ping Yuan Shadow Puppetry. Findings suggest that despite challenges such as declining popularity and economic factors, the art form has persisted, showcasing adaptability through reforms and innovations. Recommendations include curriculum development, community engagement, and awareness initiatives to strengthen the role of Jiang Han Ping Yuan Shadow Puppetry in literacy programs and cultural preservation.

This study explores how capable young children are of thinking about a potential future that uses DNA screening to assess an individual's likelihood of experiencing learning or behaviour difficulties. Puppets and a scenario-based approach were used to ask children aged 4-10 (n = 165) whether they thought DNA screening might be helpful or harmful. A content analysis derived six categories: (1) 'Worried about being -- and being seen as -- different'; (2) 'Beliefs about the origins of learning and behaviour'; (3) 'Testing is harmful'; (4) 'Testing could help'; (5) 'How soon is too soon for testing?'; and (6) 'What's the point?'. Findings indicate young children, as key stakeholders, can make useful contributions to public debate in this important and controversial area.

Character and cultural education has in important role in growing and developing the noble values of a nation. Character education in school can be means of civilizing and humanizing so that the goals of character education can be achieved. One of the link between culture and character education is ethnomathematics. However, there is still a lack of relevant teaching materials and it makes not optimal. Therefore, the implementation of cultural and educational linkages can be developed in a teaching material. The purpose of this research was to determine students' responses to the ethnomathematics of puppet teaching materials as part of the stages of character education-based development. The type of the research is descriptive quantitative. The population of the research is junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of samples used were 260 students in which the criteria for 130 students are low learning achievements (Group 1) and the other 130 students are good learning achievements (Group 2). The instruments used in this research were application of ethnomathematical and student response through questionnaires. The results showed that in G1 with the low performance, the material in the application was very easy to learn and very useful. In addition, they are also satisfied with the use of the application. Meanwhile, G2 with good learning achievement feel that the application is very useful, very easy to learn and they are very satisfied with the application. Then based on the results of statistical tests, it was obtained that G1 and G2 showed that differences in learning achievement did not affect student responses to the learning process through Puppet ethnomathematics android application based on character education. All the Puppet characters have religious, disciplined, hard work, passion, and love for the homeland.

This study adopted a qualitative case study approach to investigate the perceptions of immigrant children who participated in a puppet-making workshop about the story of an immigrant puppet, called Amal. The study involved 11 participants, 5 girls and 6 boys aged between 9 and 12 years, who joined the "Children Like Us" puppet-making workshop organized by the Association for Solidarity with Asylum Seekers and Migrants (ASAM) Izmir Al Farah Child and Family Support Center in Turkey. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews from the children. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by the second researcher. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the migrant children expressed enthusiasm and joy in participating in the puppet-making workshop and used the Little Amal character to convey their perspectives on migration. The study offers useful methodological implications; it shows how artistic experiences can facilitate the expression of thoughts and feelings for children.

The article presents the results of a research in the field of Greek preschool education concerning the use of puppet theatre by teachers. The central question is: in what ways, but also on the basis of what educational/ pedagogical considerations, do teachers use forms of puppet theatre in the education of preschool children. The research was carried out among a representative sample of 977 teachers. The results point to an extensive use of puppet theatre, supported by a compact set of teachers' views which tend to indicate puppetry either as an animistic communication tool or as a theatrical medium.

Interactive teaching strategies provide opportunities for engaging children in discussing difficult concepts such as socio-emotional wellbeing and wide range of ideas about their social and personal lives. However, few studies have explored preschool teachers' efficacy of using coaching through 'Play and puppetry programs as approaches to developing children's emotional regulation, socio-emotional learning and wellbeing. This paper reports on a "Labyrinth Project" aimed to gain in-depth understandings of preschool teachers' experiences and perspectives pertaining to their efficacy of using play and puppetry as tools to promote children's emotional learning and development. The results showed that despite early challenges with the use of these two teaching strategies, coaching and professional development facilitated a progression from feelings of inadequacy to confidence to teach social emotional skills using play and puppetry. At the end of the second year of this three-year project, children demonstrated improved cognitive skills in managing their emotions. Suggestions are made on how to improve the project to achieve high quality outcomes.

Natural languages contain systematic relationships between verb meaning and verb argument structure. Artificial language learning studies typically remove those relationships and instead pair verb meanings randomly with structures. Adult participants in such studies can detect statistical regularities associated with words in these languages and their use of novel words will adhere to those statistical regularities. However, word use in natural languages is associated with more than distributional statistics. Using an artificial language learning paradigm, we asked how a relationship between verb meaning and sentence structure affected learning and structure generalization. Twenty-four English-speaking adults watched videos described in an artificial language with two possible sentence structures. Half of the participants (statistics-only condition) learned a language with no relationship between verb meaning and sentence structure. The other half (semantics condition) learned a language in which verb meaning predicted which structures a verb occurred in. Although all learners were able to comprehend the learned structures with novel verbs, participants in the semantics conditions made grammaticality judgments and productions with novel verbs that were more consistent with the target language than participants in the statistics-only condition. The availability of semantic cues to verb subcategory supports artificial language learning.

A substantial body of research highlights the value of nature experience in supporting children's well-being and development. Given the growing interest in connectedness to nature (C2N), a better understanding of C2N measurement provides multiple opportunities, including consideration of the use of tools for research purposes and practitioner program measurement. The combination of interest in C2N and the potential for measuring the human relationship with nature provide the background for this exploratory study. The study's goal was to highlight the appropriate use of C2N scales based on considerations of context and culture. Three different, albeit related, efforts to translate, adapt, and use C2N measurements with children in a Danish-Swedish context during 2021-2022 were examined using case study methodology. Synthesis of the case studies provides general lessons and specific insights researchers and practitioners have learned regarding scale development and the application of measurement tools for children. Process functionality, child well-being, and conceptual appropriateness are three outcomes of the analysis that guide using child-oriented C2N scales in a Nordic context. The results highlight promoting discussions about nature and children's access to nature while guiding scale use. Based on the results, a checklist was created supporting a decision-making process for scale use.

Intercultural studies have underexplored the issue of children's theatre as a tool for symbolic representations of (new, hybrid) identities. In this paper, I analyze two theatrical productions addressing both Spanish society and Romanian diaspora (first/second generation) to answer these questions: how are diasporic identities re-constructed in literary works written in the country of origin and translated by diaspora translators for mixed audiences? How useful are these products for bilingual/bicultural children and adolescents in their search for new spaces of belonging? How can educators incorporate them? Methodology envisages translators' decisions (titles, names, prosody); imagology (text/performance) and reception (in-depth interviews and survey).

The current study investigated whether age-related changes in the conceptualization of social groups influences interpretation of the pronoun we. Sixty-four 2- and 4-year-olds (N = 29 female, 50 White-identifying) viewed scenarios in which it was ambiguous how many puppets performed an activity together. When asked who performed the activity, a speaker puppet responded, "We did!" In one condition, the speaker was near one and distant from another puppet, implying a dyadic interpretation of we. In another condition, the speaker was distant from both, thus pulling for a group interpretation. In the former condition, 2- and 4-year-olds favored the dyadic interpretation. In the latter condition, only 4-year-olds favored the group interpretation. Age-related conceptual development "expands" the set of conceivable plural person referents.

The purpose of this article, which presents the subject with a descriptive method based on document analysis, was to reveal the importance of using shadow puppets in religious education classes as an artistic-pedagogical tool. Firstly, it was mentioned for what purposes shadow puppets were used in history. Secondly, this article discusses the historical stages of the Karagöz shadow puppet and the reasons for its use as a pedagogical tool. Thirdly, this article addresses the benefits of puppetry in teaching by proposing an art-based approach to religious education. Then it talks about the pre-service teachers' presentations with the Karagoz shadow play. Lastly, the article outlined how important it is for education and cultural transmission to keep shadow puppets alive in classrooms and online.

The present study examines the effectiveness of play therapy (based on the cognitive-behavioural approach) and puppet play therapy in expressive\ receptive language disorders of the studied population. Here, we imported 45 female bilingual preschool children to our research. Their expressive\ receptive language disorders have been approved previously based on our criteria and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. In the pre-test stages, all participants completed The language development test (TOLD3) to evaluate expressive\ receptive language disorders. During the intervention, the experimental groups received the educational play therapy programme and puppet play therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, all groups were examined again in the post-test stages. Our findings demonstrated that cognitive-behavioural play therapy is more significantly effective than puppet play therapy in improving expressive \ receptive language disorders.

This case study explores a collaboration between young people, researchers and artists which captured stories of how people in the Red River Catchment of Northern Vietnam are responding to climate change, and then used the local art of water puppetry to communicate those stories to a wider audience. The performance evoked the interdependence of the human and physical worlds, showing the impacts of climate change but also people's adaptiveness. In this way, the piece highlighted how communities along the Red River are practising how to 'live with hope', as Gallagher describes it (2022), and how others could do so, too.

One of the most challenging questions in philosophical and anthropological inquiries on skill learning is how skills can be shared and acquired among people, especially when they cannot be easily verbalized or written. This paper examines the process of skill learning among Western and Eastern artists of puppetry. They learn the skill generally by observation and imitation, typical of "informal" education. However, most of the highly developed contemporary arts have their own educational formats in which skills are shared and learnt systematically, albeit flexibly, through interactions between instructors and learners, comprising not only verbal instruction but also gestures and facial expressions. These interactions are considered a dialogue, which underpins and complements the learning by imitation. Going beyond the traditional pedagogical view, in which knowledge is assumed to be ready-made and translatable into words, this paper sheds light on how the instructor and the learner interact and influence each other and how the skill itself emerges afresh in the dialogue. The challenge also lies in rethinking education in the global age from the local and microscopic learning involved in dealing with the individual concrete body.

This paper investigates in-service intermediate phase mathematics teachers' metacognitive awareness based on their engagement in a professional development intervention in two rural and one township school in South Africa. Professional teacher development interventions should be structured and collaborative as teachers tend to revert to traditional modes of teaching when interventions are brief and sporadic. This research was scaffolded across the zone of proximal teacher development (ZPTD) as conceptualized by Warford (2011). The aim of the study was to investigate how metacognitive awareness facilitated intermediate phase mathematics teachers' ZPTD, i.e., from their actual knowledge to "proximal development". 10 intermediate phase mathematics teachers participated in the qualitative research (n=10). The professional development intervention was conducted on two consecutive Saturdays, infused with an adapted lesson study approach. The data was collected through (i) individual interviews, (ii) reflective prompts, (iii) observations, and (iv) reflective journals. The data from each data source were coded and categorized and were triangulated to answer the research question. Participants deemed the professional development intervention and the accompanying materials as supportive and showed increased metacognitive awareness of their personal teaching praxis during and after the intervention, hence growth along the ZPTD occurred.

This study addresses teachers' and students' needs for digital picture storybooks based on "Punokawan" puppet characters in elementary schools in Sukoharjo Regency. The Wayang "Punokawan" storybook media was developed based on a needs analysis in Sukoharjo Regency elementary schools implementing the 2013 Curriculum. This qualitative study indicated Sukoharjo elementary schools' needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, learning occurred online via Google Meet and with strict health protocols offline. Field study data were obtained through interviews and observations at several elementary schools in Sukoharjo Regency. Fourth graders and their teachers were studied. Technical and data triangulation were used to validate data, and data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing were used to analyze it. The results showed that the initial condition of storybooks at elementary schools in Sukoharjo Regency was good, but it was inadequate to satisfy all parties, including students and class teachers teaching Indonesian language subjects. The textbooks also lacked local material. Teachers and students need digital picture books to improve their writing skills because they will enrich students' knowledge and boost their writing skills.

Inclusive practice in education is supported by a compelling body of research (Cologon, 2019; Graham, 2020; Raphael et al., 2019) policy recommendations (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2009; Te Tahuhu o Te Matauranga--Ministry of Education, 2017(Commonwealth of Australia. (2003)) and mandated by legislation such as the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992 (DDA) (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). It is also reflected in the Australian and New Zealand Professional Teaching Standards (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership, 2014; Teaching Council of Aotearoa New Zealand, 2017). Early Childhood Australia [ECA] (2016) states that "inclusion means that every child has access to, participates meaningfully in, and experiences positive outcomes from early childhood education and care programs" (p. 2). This paper explores what this means for early childhood educators and examines the concept of inclusion through the stories of two children and two puppets. A story that outlines how the perspectives of teachers shifted to create places of learning that were welcoming and more inclusive to every child.

Scientists have long employed puppets in research with young children; this essay explores the validity of this practice. After considering what puppets are, their main types and history, I note the different ways puppets have been employed in research. One of these uses raises the issue of whether and when children apply their theory of mind to puppets. After exploring this issue, I consider if children believe puppets actually are animate and sentient, like humans, and whether children participating in experiments with puppets are pretending (in the sense of pretend play) that puppet stimuli are human. Children aged three years and older and infants are discussed separately, as different definitions of puppets have been used in the research across these age levels and different patterns of results have been obtained. I end with ideas regarding further research.

Two Anishnabek kindergarten teachers discuss four principles of Indigenous pedagogies in a project with a university researcher that created a context for children to engage in activities to learn their Anishnabek language and culture, and create positive identities. The university researcher sent a rabbit puppet named Niichii (Friend), who was assigned the role of an Anishnaabek child whose family was from their Indigenous community but had moved away. Taking the role of Niichii's Kokum (Grandmother), the university researcher asked the child to teach Niichii the community's language and traditional ways. The teachers describe and interpret the learning activities of the Niichii project in terms of four elements of Indigenous pedagogies: intergenerational learning; experiential learning; spiritual learning involving interconnections with the land; and learning about relationality. Implications for other bilingual and multilingual contexts include creating role play contexts where children are positioned as teachers and helpers to support an imaginary character's language and cultural learning, building on children's funds of knowledge and highlighting cultural connections to the local community.

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of primary school fourth grade students about an implementation of technology-supported process writing approach within the scope of Turkish course. This study used a qualitative methodology. The participants were selected using the typical case sampling method, a purposive sampling method. A total of 27 primary school fourth grade students, 14 girls and 13 boys, participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the descriptive analysis. According to the results, the students stated that they learned new things in terms of using technology, had fun, realized the importance of helping each other and were proud when sharing their products during their implementation of technology-supported process writing approach.

Researchers commonly use puppets in development science. Amongst other things, puppets are employed to reduce social hierarchies between child participants and adult experimenters akin to peer interactions. However, it remains controversial whether children treat puppets like real-world social partners in these settings. This study investigated children's imitation of causally irrelevant actions (i.e., over-imitation) performed by puppet, adult, or child models. Seventy-two German children (Age[subscript Range] = 4.6-6.5 years; 36 girls) from urban, socioeconomically diverse backgrounds observed a model retrieving stickers from reward containers. The model performed causally irrelevant actions either in contact with the reward container or not. Children were more likely to over-imitate adults' and peers' actions as compared to puppets' actions. Across models, they copied contact actions more than no-contact actions. While children imitate causally irrelevant actions from puppet models to some extent, their social learning from puppets does not necessarily match their social learning from real-world social agents, such as children or adults.

This paper investigated how puppetry could be used to improve the standards of early childhood science education. This study determined the effect of a puppet-making and puppetry workshop on preservice preschool teachers' beliefs and attitudes towards science education and looked into their experiences during and after puppet-making. Although participants faced some difficulties during the workshop, they developed numerous socioemotional skills. Puppetry activities can help preservice teachers learn how to deliver child-centered, stimulating, and interactive classes. Using puppets in early childhood science education can help teachers develop positive attitudes towards science and offer students high-quality, engaging, and creative activities.

Attitudes towards science and scientific perspectives in the future depend on early childhood science experiences. Preservice teachers who are provided with the opportunity to develop positive attitudes and self-efficacy towards science teaching before they enter professional life are more likely to help preschoolers develop positive attitudes towards science in their professional life. The aim of this 12-week study was, therefore, to determine the effect of a shadow play workshop on early childhood preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes towards science teaching and to investigate their workshop experiences and application processes. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. The sample consisted of 24 first-year early childhood preservice teachers. Quantitative data were collected using the Early Childhood Teachers' Attitudes Toward Science Teaching (TSAS) and the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and the dependent sample t-test. Qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews and observations and were analyzed using content analysis. Results showed that shadow play had a positive effect on participants' self-efficacy beliefs and attitudes towards science teaching, indicating that shadow play is an interesting, fun, and effective material that can be used in early childhood science education to turn abstract concepts into concrete forms. Results were discussed with reference to literature, and recommendations were made for future studies.

Puppetry plays an edutainment role in playing and learning activities for nursery and kindergarten children. This qualitative study was aimed to investigate the benefits of puppetry activities for children who were enrolled in early childhood programs. In-depth interviews were conducted with four respondents, two of whom were child care providers from the nursery and two teachers were from kindergarten. Based on the thematic analysis, it was found that the inclusion of puppetry activities in an early childhood program can boost intellect and memory; enhance creative thinking and imagination; more manageable of self-control and emotions; ensure social and interaction; allow practice in focusing; language and communication; improve physical and mental health; connected spirituality and moral values. Most importantly, the daily living skills embedded in the puppetry activities can be translated into their lives. In sum, this study proved that puppetry activities help to enhance life skills, learning experience development, and widen knowledge among nursery and kindergarten children. The study implied that puppetry activities should be integrated into early childhood education can sustain children's overall development.

This study was done to enhance the learners? speaking competence thru a storytelling technique utilizing puppets in parlances of value and transmission of the story. The format of the study was classroom action research. The subject of this research was the 38-second semester learners of the management study program at Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. The instruments of this study were observation checklists, field notes, self-assessment sheets, peer-assessment sheets, the students? speaking performance measured using scoring rubrics, tape recordings, and questionnaires. The findings indicated that the first criterion was when 65% of the learners get into or are earnestly engaged in the teaching and learning process, and the data analysis told that 83% of learners were earnestly engaged. The second criterion was when 65% of the learners get the score higher than or the same as 65, the result indicated that 87% of the learners got scores higher than 65. The final criterion, if 75% of learners own right feedbacks to the application of the story-telling technique utilizing puppets, the results indicated that 89% of the learners indicated the right feedbacks to the technique. This can conclude that the story-telling technique utilizing puppets is effective in enhancing the learners? speaking ability in learning English.

Increasing the inclusion of underrepresented individuals in coding is an intractable problem, with a variety of initiatives trying to improve the situation. Many of these initiatives involve STEAM education, which combines the arts with traditional STEM disciplines. Evidence is emerging that this approach is making headway on this complex problem. We present one such initiative, iLumiDance Coding, which attempts to pique the interest and increase confidence of students in coding, by combining it with a fun and physical activity: dance. The connections between dance and coding, while not immediately obvious, are authentic, and we hypothesize that this approach will increase student comfort level with coding. We used student surveys of attitudes toward coding and a variety of statistical approaches to analyze our initiative. Each analysis showed a positive effect on student comfort level with coding. These results are useful for both educators and researchers since they contribute to a deeper understanding of how to increase interest in coding, which we hope will lead to an increase in representation.

Interactions with peers are fundamental to socio-cognitive development, but assessing peer interactions in standardized experiments is challenging. Therefore, researchers commonly utilize puppetry to simulate peers. This Registered Report investigated urban German children's (Age[subscript Range] = 3.5-4.5 years; N = 144; 76[male gender symbol]) mind ascriptions and social cognition to test whether they treat puppets like peers, adults, or neither. Children attributed less mind properties to puppets than peers or adults. However, children's social cognition (i.e., normativity, prosociality, and theory of mind) varied little across partners. Puppetry relies on children's ability for pretense, but can provide valid insights into socio-cognitive development. Implications for using puppets as stand-ins for peers in developmental research are discussed.

Puppets have been used in education for decades and they have become an indisputable educational tool. However, puppetry has a minimal presence in teacher training. This study uses a questionnaire to explore 453 teachers' use, perceptions, and knowledge of puppets as an educational tool in Valencian schools between 2020/2022 to reveal the relationship between puppetry and the school system. This study reaches several conclusions, mainly about the limited knowledge of this tool and its possibilities, that will open up new dialogue in today's schools. This study proposes some valuable reflections to achieve real change in the school-puppet relationship.

This article concerns how teaching artists, associated with the Swedish Royal Opera, provided aesthetic opportunities to students during a three-year school project. One intervention is scrutinized in which the storybook of Red Riding Hood was used as a starting point for further aesthetic learning, culminating in a shadow theatre performance. With an ethnographic approach, the study identifies how a folk story can act as a multi-literacy tool for learning. The children's working processes and performance are interpreted under the inspiration of the Performance Cycle (Landay & Wootton, 2012) focusing on the reflective process. Via a pragmatic discourse analysis, interview data from focus groups with children show that the interventions offer varied learning opportunities. Three themes emerge from the analysis of the children's perspectives on the arts project, as learning opportunities linked to; (i) the material and the construction assignment; (ii) embodiment and emotionality; and (iii) social aspects and the importance of social interaction and friendship.

"Prototyping Puppets" combines craft and performance in a puppet making STEM workshop for informal learning. We report on its final evaluation in two events (n=10 and n=13) to show how the design addressed black boxing of technology through a craft-centric approach and successfully engaged different student populations through an educational framing that included performance practice. The informal learning workshops are aimed at 5th grade level students. First, the problem space is laid out and the approach of the project introduced. Second, the design realization is briefly covered. Third, the final evaluation of the design in two workshop conditions is presented using qualitative as well as quantitative data. Students showed self-perceived increases particularly in their attitudes toward technology. These results are discussed before we report on the adaptation of the workshop for different conditions to illustrate the flexibility of the basic set up.

This study examined microteaching using computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) to assist student teachers in anticipating student voices and achieving authentic role-play. To achieve this, the design had two manipulatives: tangible puppets as "mediating manipulatives" that allow student teachers to elicit a variety of imaginary student voices in microteaching role-plays and three-dimensional animations as "perspective-taking manipulatives" that allow student teachers to dynamically switch viewpoints in reflection. This study aims to investigate how the combination of mediating and perspective-taking manipulatives helps student teachers foster the perspective-taking of imaginary students in their microteaching role-playing and reflection. We employed epistemic network analysis (ENA) to analyze discourse data collected both in the microteaching performances (including the tangible puppetry microteaching) and in the reflections. The results showed that the combination of the two manipulatives was effective for achieving the immediate transfer of imaginary students' perspectives. Further qualitative analysis enabled by ENA indicated that the perspective-taking manipulatives were effective in bolstering perspective-taking due to the nonverbal aspects of students' voices enacted in the role-play performances.

Data literacy is a growing area of focus across multiple disciplines in higher education. The dominant forms of introduction focus on computational toolchains and statistical ways of knowing. As data driven decision-making becomes more central to democratic processes, a larger group of learners must be engaged in order to ensure they have a seat at the table in civic settings. This requires a rethinking to support many paths into data literacy. In this paper we introduce "data theatre," a set of activities designed for data novices that may have limited experience or comfort with spreadsheets, math, and other quantitative operations. Through iterative co-design over three workshops, we tested and produced two activity guides for educators, building on long-standing practices in participatory theatre that center social justice and liberation. Our initial findings provide very early evidence that this approach can help these learners overcome hesitations to working with information, begin building a critical perspective when viewing data, and create emotionally impactful data stories told through theatrical performance. This prototype work suggests to us that the concept of "Data theatre" warrants further study to build a more robust understanding of its affordances and limitations.

This study examines the potential of puppets in the educational context. The study offers a literature review on the benefits and possibilities of the puppet as a pedagogical tool. The literature was searched using primarily an international e-material search of UEF FINNA. Additional articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and from the reference lists of selected papers. Articles were chosen and included according to specific selection criteria. Fifteen papers met the criteria and are included in the review. The review reveals five potential uses for puppets in education. These potential uses include: (1) generating communication, (2) supporting a positive classroom climate, (3) enhancing creativity, (4) fostering co-operation in and integration into a group, and (5) changing attitudes.

The cultural elements are significant for native language teaching, so it is unavoidable that the Turkish textbooks include cultural elements. The aim of the research is to determine the presence of intangible cultural heritage elements in the visual materials (painting, photography etc.) in the secondary school 6th grade Turkish language textbook, and to examine the distribution of them according to their types. As a consequence of the study, 277 visual materials were determined as 125 photos, 98 digital drawings, 23 drawing, 15 illustrations, 4 banners, 3 table, 2 brochure, 2 graphics, and 2 sketches. Visuals that have intangible cultural heritage elements are found in photos which are Turkish coffee, Turkish delight, kemenche, horon, Mardin, Zeibek traditional, Palace of Ishak Pasha, tarhana soup, the making of tarhana, weaving, javelin game; digital drawings which are Nasreddin Hodja, Karagöz and shadow puppetry and drawings that are Chinese whispers, handkerchief game, kissing someone's hand. Gender apartheid or violent elements has not been detected in the visuals and they are appropriate for the grade level and text content. The visuals have properties of enhancing aesthetic sensitivity; however, the drawings are incomplete in terms of facial expression and emotion.

The purpose of this six-week, naturalistic inquiry study was to explore how middle school students at an international school in Warsaw, Poland experienced embodied literacies in their drama elective and their experience with revision through students' creations of performance and puppetry vignettes that represented their fictional stories. This study centered on the following research questions: 1) How does drama stimulate revision in writing? and 2) How do students describe their experience with drama in the writing process? Multiple data were collected: writing drafts with revisions, photos, interviews, performance and rehearsal videos, and reflections. The constant comparative method was used to analyze and triangulate the data. Additionally, digital images were used to generate a multimodal analytic method that implemented a Semiotic Photo Response Protocol. Analyses of data revealed that acting out their writing stimulated additional ideas for students' stories, especially in how students embodied their stories. However, some students had concerns and difficulty in translating their flash fiction pieces from narrative to script format. Data analysis also demonstrated how aesthetics played a role in the translation of content from writing to drama, and how some students had challenges in collaborating with their performance groups but not during their writing groups.

Non-adult-like linguistic behavior in children is sometimes taken as evidence for endogenous factors that drive selection of grammatical features from the child's hypothesis space of possible grammars. Analyses of English-acquiring children's productions of medial "wh"-phrases exemplify this trend in particular. We provide an alternative account of these productions as performance errors arising from underdeveloped cognitive inhibition. We offer experimental evidence in favor of our failure of inhibition account. The results argue against treating these errors as reflecting incomplete or non-target acquisition of grammatical features. Instead, the results support a theory of how these errors arise and are subsequently purged from children's productions that reduces to a theory of how cognitive inhibition develops during childhood.

In this paper, we analyse results from one classroom session within an 8-week program in which Year 10 students constructed 'trash' puppets of endangered Australian animals. In making the puppets and using them as part of a 'theatre in a suitcase' performance at Melbourne Zoo, students were expected to integrate both scientific and artistic goals to demonstrate knowledge of specific endangered species. In this process, students needed to learn how their more immediate, everyday positive and negative aesthetic responses could be made continuous with a scientific aesthetic to produce both a coherent puppet and an advocacy performance. Through micro-ethnographic practical epistemology analysis of video data of this session, we demonstrate how this mix of everyday and subject-specific aesthetic responses, judgements and intentions interacted to shape and promote students' learning in science. In addressing this multimodal and multi-purpose task, students learnt and applied science knowledge to a real-world issue of species endangerment.

In early childhood, young children frequently engage in object-oriented play. According to cultural-historical activity theory, object-oriented play provides children with opportunities to learn about the characteristics and cultural applications of objects and materials. These characteristics are referred to as rules or affordances of objects and materials. To date, what kind of rules children explore and follow, and how they do so, has not been extensively studied, even though the understanding of children's learning in object-oriented play is important for early childhood education. In the current explorative study, we analysed how six children aged between two and four years explore, follow, and impose rules during a 10-minute play activity in which they were presented with a fixed set of objects (e.g. oddly shaped blocks, boxes, abstract shaped puppets, etc.). Thematic analysis of video-observations revealed two themes: (1) children explore, follow and impose different types of rules using different strategies, increasing in complexity with age; and (2) children explore, follow or impose rules by various forms of repetition, with older children showing longer and more complex forms of repetition. In the discussion, these themes were interpreted using CHAT.

Methods: Summative focus groups with teachers across three Head Start centers were conducted to explore teachers' attitudes toward the HH2H curriculum. The curriculum consisted of eight weekly nutrition lessons, interactive activities with puppets, taste tests, and physical activity set to music as a component of the Impact of a Preschool Obesity Prevention (I-POP) Intervention. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes according to patterns in the data. Results: Twenty-one teachers participated in the focus group discussions. Three themes emerged: "Fun, Interactive Curriculum;" "Child Enthusiasm for Healthy Foods;" and "Center-wide Benefits." Teachers expressed how they enjoyed using the interactive materials and how the puppets added visual focus to reinforce key messages. Teachers noted that children enjoyed the puppets, music, and "I-POP" day. Children were excited about their new-found knowledge about Go & Grow foods and their discovery of liking and eating vegetables. Not only did teachers indicate health benefits for the children, but they also realized how the curriculum helped them to eat healthier and exercise. Based on teachers' perceptions, it appeared that the kitchen staff were also influenced by the curriculum, as they started to provide healthier snacks. Application to Child Nutrition Professionals: The HH2H curriculum is a culturally and linguistically appropriate curriculum for children ages 3 to 5 that can address obesity concerns in Mississippi. Using evidence-based, interactive nutrition education materials in early child care centers provides exposure to healthy foods and can establish food habits that may carry over into adulthood. Child nutrition professionals should assess the cultural appropriateness for the children in their programs and provide training for teachers before implementing the curriculum.

This paper relays the findings of the evaluation of an applied theatre project for children in hospital as perceived by hospital teachers. A mixed qualitative approach was used. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to explore the teachers' views on children's engagement with learning and the improvement of the hospital experience as a whole through applied theatre. The article presents examples of children's stories that illustrate the findings. The study concludes that applied theatre in paediatrics can engage children with hospital tuition and learning during treatment; improve the management of emotions; help them relax and communicate with the outside world.

Community members and staff at the University of British Columbia (UBC) Learning Exchange collectively created a theatre piece, based on stories from Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES), entitled "Voices UP!" This article examines the impact this project had on four DTES community members who took part in the collective creation process. The results are presented as both a thematic analysis and a short play script, entitled "Give Me Your Hands. Give Me Your Hands" is a play about making a play, illustrating the shared and individual learning experiences of those who took part in a community-based collaborative theatre process.

According to the literature, the use of the Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI) to measure Big Five personality traits in children provides reliable and valid scores. However, the implementation of the BPI could be costly, especially when working with large sample sizes. Big Five self-reports were collected from 1118 Mexican children aged 7-8 years using a modified version of the BPI protocol and a Spanish version of the Big Five questionnaire. The main objective of this study was to inquire whether some modifications in the application protocol of the BPI could still provide reliable personality scores for the population under study. We report item-rest correlation, Cronbach's alpha and omega as reliability measures, and confirmatory factor analytic models to investigate dimensionality. The results show that the personality trait scores are markedly reliable and that the dimensionality of the instrument holds for the Mexican sample.

This study not only aims to introduce Sundanese culture which is part of Indonesian culture, but also analyses the phenomenon that exists in Sundanese puppets performance as one of the entertainment for the Sundanese people with Semiotic. In this study, the researcher analyzed two factors that determined the result of this research. Firstly, the researcher found the role of color as a kind of pictorial metaphor. In each puppet, it will be seen whether the dominant color of puppet represents the characteristics corresponding to the color or has a significant difference. The secondly, the researcher analysed the appearance of each puppets. This research used four puppets from category of Panakawan, two puppets from category of Knight, and two puppets from category of Giant. Qualitative method is used for describing the result and the result showed that almost puppets appearance represented their character except Cepot that also known as Astrajingga. His appearance did not represent his characteristic especially his color face.

Children's librarians are often required to be performers. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to determine the degree to which the Masters of Library Science (MLS) programs accredited by the American Library Association currently incorporate theatrical and performance-based training. A quantitative content analysis was conducted of 219 syllabi from 33 MLS programs to determine which courses included curriculum to support storytelling, puppetry, readers theatre, booktalking, read-alouds, and other performance elements. The results revealed that 93 of the courses currently incorporated one or more of these elements of performance or theatrical training. There was an overall limited degree of inclusion. All of the courses with the highest level of performance training were elective. Based on the results of this study, there may be room to consider whether the performance training offered by LIS Schools in North America is sufficient to equip children's librarians as they enter a field requiring those skills.

This article examines how international organizations promote play-based pedagogical approaches in early childhood settings around the world, and how local educators respond. As a case study, I investigated Sesame Workshop's efforts to introduce play-based approaches in Nigerian classrooms. In addition to producing a Nigerian version of "Sesame Street" (called "Sesame Square"), Sesame Workshop trains educators in play-based approaches and has distributed alphabet flashcards, puppet kits, and storytelling games to more than 2,700 early childhood classrooms across Nigeria. These materials were intended to support "Sesame Square's" messages, and to foster interactive, child-centered learning experiences. However, teachers often used the materials in ways that reflected more rote-based, teacher-centered approaches. Data was gathered through observations and interviews in 27 educational sites across Nigeria that use Sesame materials. Findings reveal that teachers' resistance to play-based approaches was sometimes for structural reasons (e.g., large class sizes), and sometimes related to their knowledge and training (e.g., they were accustomed to drilling the alphabet). I argue that ideals about constructivist, play-based learning are being disseminated by international organizations--alongside contrasting formalistic pedagogical approaches--and that all approaches will shift as they are "localized." I question if approaches that are considered universally "developmentally appropriate" are relevant in all settings, and explore how early childhood educators adapt global pedagogical trends to make sense in their classrooms. I call for international organizations to explore "context-appropriate play-based" approaches that develop educators' capacities to help all children thrive, while also incorporating local cultural beliefs about childhood and teaching.

Research on puppets in Intermediate Phase mathematics is in its infancy. According to Vygotsky, play affords a playful element that can optimise learning opportunities. However, many mathematics teachers are unfamiliar with the integration of pedagogy of play (PoP) (in this case, puppetry). The aim of this paper is to report on one participant's (an Intermediate Phase mathematics teacher [N=1]) lived experiences of teaching with puppets after a two-day intervention. A case study approach was followed and the participant constantly reflected on his experiences. Data were collected through (i) a semi-structured open-ended interview, (ii) reflective prompts and (iii) a reflective journal with prompts. The data revealed the participant's experiences of puppetry, how his metacognitive awareness developed and how he transferred new knowledge to his Intermediate Phase mathematics classroom. The data were analysed using content analysis. The results show that, although learners often deem mathematics "mundane" and "unexciting", puppetry allowed the participant's learners (according to his reflections) to experience this subject as enjoyable and creative, encouraging participation and liveliness, as the puppet was considered a peer in teaching-learning. The Intermediate Phase mathematics classroom became a space where content became meaningful, accessible and understandable to all learners.