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The extreme conditions of firefighting personnel are characterized by strong psychotraumatic factors from a psychological point of view. Psychological preparation for extinguishing fires in difficult conditions and eliminating their consequences requires improving the efficiency of combat operations, saving people from fires, protecting material values from destruction, and raising the level of psychological resilience, which is the basis of the rescuers' own safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: Mothers with a history of trauma frequently face significant challenges in their relationships with their children. Therefore, it is crucial for trauma-exposed mothers and their young children to receive adequate traumainformed treatment. This review aimed to examine the effects of traumainformed interventions on improving the mother-child relationship among mothers with a history of trauma and their young children under 6 years old. Methods: The study analyzed 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, encompassing a sample size of 1,321 mothers. The systematic GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence in this systematic review. Results: The study found that while some interventions demonstrated small to large effects, the quality of evidence was only moderate. The most promising interventions were Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Maternal Empowerment Program (MEP), which all included elements of psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and skills training. Discussion: The study underscores the importance of understanding the needs of mother-child dyads affected by trauma and tailoring interventions to meet those needs. Overall, the literature suggests that interventions combining psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational, and skills-training components are most effective in improving mother and child-related outcomes for mothers with a history of trauma and their young children. The review provides recommendations for future research and emphasizes the importance of considering the mother-child relationship in trauma-informed interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article presents a reading of Edward Stachura's Siekierezada (Axing, or the Winter of the Forest Folk, 1971) focused on the main characters Janek Pradera and his doppelgänger, whose function is to harass and victimize his other self. What may be regarded as a Romantic (Gothic) throwback is in fact, as the article argues, a narrative of the traumatic experience diagnosed by Franz Ruppert as the Identity Oriented Psycho Trauma. The term 'dividuum' in the title refers both to the process of an individual turning upon oneself / developing a double (as is the case in Siekierezada) and its psychological background treated as a manifestation of psychotrauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) was launched in 2010. In this editorial, we review the journal's developments over the past 15 years, and discuss some of the current ethical challenges in scientific publishing, including the impact of generative AI. How can we responsibly use these new technologies? Additionally, we present 15 years of journal metrics, highlight past and upcoming special issues on ‘hot topics,’ and are pleased to announce awards for the best paper and best reviewer of 2023, recognizing two outstanding recipients. more...

Il s'agit d'étudier les enjeux psychopathologiques et socioculturels du TDI (Trouble Dissociatif de l'Identité), en lien avec la façon dont l'épidémie des « personnalités multiples » s'est dissoute à la fin du XXe siècle. Nous retraçons d'abord l'histoire du trouble dissociatif en revenant sur les critères diagnostiques du TDI (DSM-5 et CIM-11) pour les comparer avec ceux de l'ancien TPM (Trouble de la Personnalité Multiple) du DSM-III. Nous revenons ensuite sur le concept de « dissociation » en psychiatrie, en soulignant quelques difficultés de traduction et sa plurivocité. Puis, nous proposons de mobiliser le concept des effets de boucle (I. Hacking) pour rendre compte de l'évolution de la nosologie des classifications internationales. Enfin, nous concluons sur les enjeux de la pratique clinique auprès de patients concernés. Le changement de nomination du trouble dissociatif (de TPM à TDI) s'est effectué en réponse à des controverses médico-légales des années 1990. Pour autant, cette nouvelle étiquette diagnostique ne résout ni la problématique épistémologique autour de la dissociation (autour du différentiel névrose/psychose), ni la question des accompagnements thérapeutiques. Le TDI fait aujourd'hui l'objet de deux lectures opposées entre le modèle psychotraumatique et le modèle socio-cognitif. S'ils présentent des écarts et des conceptions irréconciliables de la dynamique des troubles psychiques, ils soulignent tous deux de nombreux points communs à propos du TDI. L'existence de la possibilité de cohabitation de différentes consciences, identités, ou personnalités n'est pas remise en cause. De même, la question du traumatisme est examinée par les tenants des deux modèles. Le succès du TDI pourrait ainsi être en partie expliqué comme un retour de la thèse initiale de la division subjective (Freud, Lacan), incompatible avec l'idée d'un moi fort unifié comme idéal de santé mentale. Pour autant, la logique de « boucle » propre aux classifications des troubles psychiques conduit à reconnaître au TDI une possibilité de nomination par les patients de certains de leurs symptômes. Ainsi, la question n'est pas de déterminer la supériorité d'un modèle « explicatif » du TDI mais d'examiner la dynamique qui a conduit le sujet à être identifié à ce diagnostic. Dans le cas que nous présentons, le TDI est lié à un vécu psychotique chez le patient. Le succès du TDI est contemporain d'interrogations sociales autour des questions d'identité. Les dynamiques du lien social propres au développement de nouvelles nominations ne peuvent cependant pas éclipser un certain réel de la folie se manifestant au travers de phénomènes dissociatifs. L'inconscient comme autre scène peut ainsi éclairer la logique de ces mécanismes, notamment en s'appuyant sur les outils du diagnostic structural proposés par la psychanalyse d'orientation lacanienne. Ces repérages permettent de préciser les conditions d'un accueil et d'une élaboration des troubles sous transfert pour les patients concernés. The aim is to examine the psychopathological and sociocultural implications of DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), in relation to the way in which the epidemic of "multiple personalities" had dissipated by the end of the 20th century. We begin by tracing the history of dissociative disorder, reviewing the diagnostic criteria of DID (DSM-5 and ICD-11) and comparing them with those of the former MPD (Multiple Personality Disorder) in DSM-III. We then return to the concept of "dissociation" in psychiatry, highlighting some translation difficulties and its plurivocity. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the issues involved in clinical practice with the patients concerned. The renaming of dissociative disorder (from MPD to DID) was a response to the forensic controversies of the 1990s. However, this new diagnostic label resolves neither the epistemological issues surrounding dissociation (around the neurosis/psychosis differential diagnosis), nor the question of therapeutic accompaniment. Today, DID is the subject of two opposing interpretations: the psychotraumatic model and the social-cognitive model. Although they present irreconcilable differences and conceptions of the dynamics of psychic disorders, they both emphasize many points in common with regard to DID. The possibility of the cohabitation of different consciousnesses, identities, or personalities is not called into question. Similarly, the issue of trauma is examined by proponents of both models. The success of the DID could thus be partly explained as a return to the initial thesis of subjective division (Freud, Lacan), incompatible with the idea of a strongly unified ego as an ideal of mental health. However, the "loop" logic inherent in the classification of psychological disorders means that DID can be seen as a way for patients to describe some of their symptoms. So, the question is not to determine the superiority of an "explanatory" model of DID, but to examine the dynamics that led the subject to be identified with this diagnosis. In the case presented here, DID is linked to the patient's psychotic experience. The success of DID is contemporaneous with social questioning around questions of identity. However, the dynamics of the social bond, specific to the development of a new vocabulary, cannot eclipse a certain reality of suffering manifested through dissociative phenomena. The unconscious as an "autre scène" can shed light on the logic of these mechanisms, notably by drawing on the tools of structural diagnosis proposed by Lacanian psychoanalysis. These insights help to define the conditions under which transference-related disorders can be accepted and elaborated for the patients concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

While crises, like pandemics, have a negative impact on mental health, hope may affect it positively. However, hope during COVID-19 has hardly been explored. In this study, we explored the hope of interviewees in a podcast on hope in Amsterdam during the COVID-19 pandemic, which sought variations in the gender, spiritual backgrounds, and places of work of the interviewees. Underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenology, we thematically analyzed the six transcribed episodes. We found that the present was sketched as closed down, while hope related to (the potential of) spaces and the future opening up. Sources of hope were the vaccine, good weather, faith and trust, and the history of Amsterdam, which was characterized by resilience. Several participants appreciated their everyday life in a new way: COVID-19 made them slow down and aware of what really mattered, which was a source of hope. Frequently mentioned sources of hope were connections with others, and especially solidarity. Also, showing solidarity was identified as a way of offering hope to others. We conclude that both in our study and in several religions, the link between hope and solidarity is common, and that hope is a spiritual topic that is worth addressing in mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Positive associations between difficulties in emotion regulation and PTSD symptom severity have been consistently found in the literature. Little is known whether these associations are the result of reciprocal effects between the two constructs. This study investigated the reciprocal relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties. The study used a longitudinal design with two time points. The sample consisted of 293 patients who were all in treatment for PTSD. We estimated the cross-lagged panel model with latent variables. The results showed a significant cross-lagged effect of emotion regulation difficulties on post-traumatic stress symptoms. This finding highlights that emotion regulation difficulties play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress. Therefore, exploring emotion regulation difficulties early on in treatment may support the effectiveness of trauma-focused interventions. • Emotion regulation difficulties prospectively predict PTSD symptom severity during treatment. • Addressing emotion regulation difficulties should be included early in PTSD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

IntroductionMothers with a history of trauma frequently face significant challenges in their relationships with their children. Therefore, it is crucial for trauma-exposed mothers and their young children to receive adequate trauma-informed treatment. This review aimed to examine the effects of trauma-informed interventions on improving the mother–child relationship among mothers with a history of trauma and their young children under 6 years old.MethodsThe study analyzed 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, encompassing a sample size of 1,321 mothers. The systematic GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence in this systematic review.ResultsThe study found that while some interventions demonstrated small to large effects, the quality of evidence was only moderate. The most promising interventions were Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Maternal Empowerment Program (MEP), which all included elements of psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and skills training.DiscussionThe study underscores the importance of understanding the needs of mother–child dyads affected by trauma and tailoring interventions to meet those needs. Overall, the literature suggests that interventions combining psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational, and skills-training components are most effective in improving mother and child-related outcomes for mothers with a history of trauma and their young children. The review provides recommendations for future research and emphasizes the importance of considering the mother–child relationship in trauma-informed interventions. more...

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Dans cette communication, nous montrons que la littérature sur la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques et liés à l'usage de substances en milieu pénitentiaire est riche. Son interprétation se heurte toutefois à plusieurs difficultés : (i) une grande hétérogénéité des systèmes judiciaire et de soins de santé mentale entre les pays et (ii) des spécificités de l'environnement carcéral parfois négligées dans la méthodologie des études. Forts de ce constat, nous développons les résultats d'un certain nombre de travaux de référence sur la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques et liés à l'usage de substances dans les prisons françaises. Nous discutons enfin les perspectives en termes d'épidémiologie psychiatrique en milieu pénitentiaire. In this paper, we show that the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric and susbtance use disorders in prisons is substantial. However, there are a number of difficulties one encounters in interpreting this literature: (i) there is considerable heterogeneity between countries' judicial and mental health care systems, and (ii) the specific features of the prison environment are sometimes overlooked in the methodology used to conduct such studies. With this in mind, we discuss a number of benchmark studies on the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders in French prisons. Finally, we discuss the perspectives for psychiatric epidemiology in prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Research has shown that the impact of traumatic events and circumstances on individuals is cumulative and potentially has a wide range of harmful consequences, including negative consequences on mental health. One such consequence is the development of a personality disorder, a persistent mental condition characterized by a pronounced pattern of difficulties in impulse control, emotional regulation, cognitive functions, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships. A wide array of studies indicates that the personal history of individuals with a personality disorder is often marked by exposure to traumatic events or other types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Because existing treatments for personality disorders are usually long and costly, it is essential to continue exploring alternative and complementary interventions. Nowadays, knowledge and clinical experience in regard to personality disorders have been gained in addressing ACEs by processing memories of these events through eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for this treatment approach, based on Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, describe its current empirical basis, and provide guidance on how to formulate a useful case conceptualization that can serve as a basis for the treatment of personality disorders with EMDR therapy. This approach is illustrated with a case example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In 1983, the world ʼs first rehabilitation centre for torture victims opened in Copenhagen. Individual Chilean activists in European exile had already set up smaller psychosocial centres before. In the dictatorships of the Cono Sur and Central America, but also in other parts of the world, local human rights activists had also begun to join theory and practice of their struggle for liberation with the psychosocial care of survivors of socio-political traumatization processes. Liberation psychology, which also reached the founders of the first European centres through international solidarity, played a key role in this. The essay traces this intertwined history of liberation struggles, human rights work, international solidarity and the founding of therapy centres. From the very beginning, the fight against torture focused on the individual and social rehabilitation of survivors as well as the criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Today, however, many of the centres that have since been founded in numerous German cities have swapped this orientation for a self-image as pure care facilities. Additional political commitment focuses at best on supporting traumatized refugees in Germany. The authors therefore call for a revitalization of international solidarity partisanship in German psychosocial centres and for reconstructing their self-image of being part of the international human rights movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Research has shown that the impact of traumatic events and circumstances on individuals is cumulative and potentially has a wide range of harmful consequences, including negative consequences on mental health. One such consequence is the development of a personality disorder, a persistent mental condition characterized by a pronounced pattern of difficulties in impulse control, emotional regulation, cognitive functions, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships. A wide array of studies indicates that the personal history of individuals with a personality disorder is often marked by exposure to traumatic events or other types of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Because existing treatments for personality disorders are usually long and costly, it is essential to continue exploring alternative and complementary interventions. Nowadays, knowledge and clinical experience in regard to personality disorders have been gained in addressing ACEs by processing memories of these events through eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for this treatment approach, based on Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, describe its current empirical basis, and provide guidance on how to formulate a useful case conceptualization that can serve as a basis for the treatment of personality disorders with EMDR therapy. This approach is illustrated with a case example. more...

Dans les services de pédopsychiatrie, nous rencontrons de plus en plus d'adolescents qui nous rapportent des symptômes « dissociatifs », et il ne devient plus rare que soit évoqué le diagnostic de trouble dissociatif de l'identité. La visibilité accrue de certains symptômes psychiatriques peut être liée à un meilleur repérage et une formation accrue des cliniciens, mais également aux changements de contextes sociétaux qui peuvent favoriser l'émergence ou l'entretien de certaines formes d'expression de la souffrance psychique. L'adolescence contient également ses remaniements identitaires et ses dialectiques propres, venant nécessairement colorer les troubles et leur signifiance, qui parfois doit être décryptée au-delà du passage à l'acte ou de la forme syndromique inaugurale. Nous proposons ici de discuter nos interrogations par rapport au trouble dissociatif de l'identité à l'adolescence, et certains des enjeux psychopathologiques qui sont soulevés. In child psychiatry services we are seeing more and more adolescents reporting "dissociative" symptoms, and it is no longer rare for the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder to be evoked. The increased visibility of certain psychiatric symptoms may be related to better identification and increased training of clinicians, but it may also be related to changes in societal contexts that may favor the emergence or maintenance of certain forms of expression of psychological suffering. Adolescence also contains its own identity reorganizations and dialectics which necessarily color the disorders and their significance, and which sometimes must be deciphered beyond the act or the inaugural syndromic form. We propose here to discuss our interrogations in relation to dissociative identity disorder in adolescence and some of the psychopathological issues that are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Little is known about the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF). To explore the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of EMDR therapy in adults with MID-BIF, PTSD, and comorbid mental health and psycho-social problems. Data were collected from nine participants using a non-concurrent multiple baseline design. PTSD symptoms, level of daily life impairment, and possible adverse effect were measured weekly during baseline, treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up. Depressive symptoms, general psychopathology, and mental health problems were assessed once in every phase. Participants displayed a significant reduction of PTSD symptoms, and the majority of participants no longer met criteria for DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis after therapy. EMDR therapy appeared to be safe, as no adverse events were reported during the study time frame. Further, participants showed a decrease in depressive symptoms as well as less severe general psychopathology and mental health problems following therapy. EMDR therapy was found to be safe, feasible, and (potentially) efficacious in decreasing PTSD symptoms, loss of PTSD diagnoses, reduction of level of daily life impairment, and general psychopathology for adults with MID-BIF, suffering from both severe mental health and psycho-social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The purpose of the article is to empirically determine the features of psychoprophylaxis and correction in overcoming the phenomena of compassion fatigue of volunteers in the context of post-traumatic growth. Research methods. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL) methods were used as psychodiagnostic methods in the empirical study of the phenomena of compassion fatigue to determine the stress resistance and professional quality of life of volunteers during the war. Mathematical and statistical methods, regression analysis, stochastic dependence between the investigated characteristics in groups, methods of psychological survey and comparison (Pearson’s χ2, df, Δχ2, Δdf) were also used. Research results. The internal moral conflict between the principles and challenges of reality, between universal human values and individual attitudes is attributed to the specifics of psychoprophylaxis and correction for overcoming the phenomena of compassion fatigue. Among the principles of psychohygiene and psychoprophylaxis of compassion fatigue phenomena of volunteers are such principles as the principle of complexity, the principle of systematicity, the principle of psychic development, and orientation to personal resources. Conlusions. The results show that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups of subjects according to the signs of compassion fatigue, among which we note the following indicators: a high level of depression, professional burnout, traumatic stress and a moderate level of satisfaction with compassion. When carrying out psychological prevention of compassion fatigue phenomena of volunteers, at different levels (preventive, stress, resistance, exhaustion), it is necessary to focus on individual human resources and highlight psychological, biological, spiritual and social components of personality as individual parameters of human resistance. Consequently, those volunteers who directly provide assistance to victims are more prone to professional exhaustion, fatigue, psychophysical disorders and cognitive disorders than other volunteers who provide psychological interventions indirectly. more...

Abstract Background Potentially traumatic events may lead to the development of a wide range of adverse psychological responses, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and (complex) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the high prevalence of potentially traumatic events in Iran, there is no population data nor evidence-based instrument to screen for cross-diagnostic psychological responses to trauma. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a transdiagnostic self-report instrument for the detection of trauma-related symptoms, as well as risk and protective factors related to the impact of potentially traumatic events. Objective The present study seeks to 1) translate and cross-culturally adapt the GPS in the Persian (Farsi) language and 2) examine the psychometric properties of the Persian GPS. Method The translation and adaptation were performed using the Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011) method. A pilot study (n = 30) was carried out to test the content validity and test–retest reliability of the GPS. Next, in a representative sample (n = 800) of residents of Kermanshah City, the GPS, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were administered. Construct validity of the Persian GPS was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the convergent validity and internal consistency of the GPS. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor model as the best solution with factors representing 1) Negative Affect, 2) Core PTSD symptoms and 3) Dissociative symptoms. The GPS total symptom score had high internal consistency and high convergent validity with related measures. A GPS total symptom cut-off score of nine was optimal for indicating a probable PTSD diagnosis based on the PCL-5. About half (52%) of the current sample met criteria for probable PTSD. Conclusions The current findings suggest that the GPS can be effectively adapted for use in a non-Western society and, specifically, that the Persian GPS represents a useful, reliable and valid tool for screening of trauma-related symptoms in Iran. more...

2022 was a year of crises, not just one but multiple intersecting crises that caused traumatic stress in billions of people worldwide. COVID-19 is still not over. New wars have started, and the climate change impact is bigger than ever. Will the Anthropocene be an era of continued crises? This past year the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) has again tried to contribute to how to prevent or treat the consequences of these major crises as well as other events and we will continue to do so the year to come. For instance, we will have special issues or collections addressing these big issues, such as climate change and traumatic stress, or early intervention after trauma or in times of conflict. In this editorial, we also present the past year's excellent journal metrics regarding reach, impact, and quality and the ESTSS EJPT award finalists for best paper of 2022 and look forward to 2023. more...

Background: Current psychological trauma-focused interventions have left a gap for individuals who may not be ready for trauma-focused treatment and/or who present with other forms of clinically significant distress, such as subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion regulation is a possible transdiagnostic mechanism of change that may promote and maintain some of the varied mental health problems related to trauma exposure. Aims: This study examines the feasibility and initial impact of two brief emotion regulation skill trainings targeting different processes hypothesized to reduce trauma-related problems, compared with an active control. Method: Subjects (n = 156) were randomized to receive one of three brief internet-based trainings: (1) skill training on accepting emotions, (2) skill training on changing emotions, or (3) stress psychoeducation (control). Participants completed measures of emotion regulation, mindfulness, and affect intensity 24 hours pre- and immediately post-training. Results: Results suggested that a brief internet-based skills training programme was feasible and acceptable, with 91.9% completing the training programme to which they were randomized. Results showed that participants in all conditions demonstrated significant decreases in emotion regulation problems over time; yet these improvements did not vary by condition. Participants in the Change condition with higher PTSD symptoms were significantly more likely to have greater increases in positive affect compared with those with lower PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Although the three conditions did not show different outcomes, all three brief internet-delivered trainings were feasible. Results provide direction for future studies to evaluate the delivery of emotion regulation skills in individuals with trauma-related distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The field of traumatic stress is often referred to as being in a state of controversy and lack of continuity. Throughout history, disputes repeatedly centered on defining the psychological consequences of severe adverse events and on their causes. Even to this day this is current. To understand these controversies, an extensive historical literature review is presented of how mental consequences of trauma have been described in history, of the circumstances in which this took place, and of the disputes that have influenced the conceptualization of these mental responses. We found psychotrauma always being surrounded by controversy. Significant heterogeneity in symptom expression has been described over the centuries to this day. Some symptoms appeared steadily over many decades, but often each time period showed its own core symptoms. At syndrome level, we found an acute condition, one with longer duration, and a complex condition. Also here, definitions varied over the decades. Finally, causes have always been debated, such as biological, psychological, socio-economic, cultural, political, or legal. To better reflect the described ongoing variation in symptomatology, a more flexible diagnostic approach is proposed with a combination of both staging and subtyping that offers room for a more flexible, symptom-oriented, and personalized perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In order to protect children from traumatic effects, it is crucial for the adults responsible for them to understand the associated risk factors. Parents, teachers, early childhood professionals, healthcare workers, doctors, and pediatricians all have a role to play in this endeavor. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a recognized psychiatric disorder in both adults and children, occurring after a potentially traumatic event. Approximately 15% of children in the general population experience PTSD, and this percentage can be much higher in the context of terrorist attacks. PTSD can become chronic in a significant number of children, leading to academic difficulties and risks of social isolation. Following the terrorist attack in Nice on July 14, 2016, a specialized center for psychotherapeutic care and evaluation of trauma in children was established. The center's multidisciplinary team offers integrative care based on different therapeutic approaches. A research program, called the "14-7program," was implemented to study the prevalence of PTSD and associated risk factors among children and parents exposed to the attack. Preliminary results of the study have shown a high rate of PTSD and anxiety disorders in children. The parents themselves are also affected by the traumatic events, making it more challenging for them to provide support to their children. Various environmental and familial factors can influence the development of PTSD in children. The reactions of parents and the family environment are of paramount importance, and it is essential to avoid dramatizing or stigmatizing the child who has experienced trauma. The presence of parental pathologies is also a significant risk factor, as the mental state of parents can influence that of their children. In the city of Nice, a systemic family support system in the areas of mental, psychological, social, and legal health is necessary to prevent the consequences of PTSD and associated disorders. Risk factors such as environmental reactions, attachment style, and parental pathologies should be considered in therapeutic decisions. Scientific literature confirms these findings in the field and emphasizes the importance of the involvement of adults and public authorities in supporting impacted families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article is devoted to highlighting the concept of psychoeducation in the context of psychological assistance to parents of children with special educational needs (SEN). The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation of the issue of psychoeducation of parents of children with SEN in wartime conditions. Because psychoeducation is a tool that enables people to see their internal resources, strengths and opportunities to overcome traumatic experiences, to recognize strategies and techniques to manage their lives. Psychoeducation includes explaining the nature of trauma, understanding manifestations, symptoms and reactions to stress and understanding what happens to a person in a crisis situation. It consists in the analysis, explanation of the stages of psychological changes, learning to identify and use one's own personal resource in achieving psycho-emotional stability. The article also deals with the issue of post-traumatic stress disorder, in which psychoeducation is conducted. The content of the concepts of psychotrauma, acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is revealed, and the symptoms are outlined. Conducting work on psychoeducation of parents of children with SEN in war conditions also involves debunking myths about PTSD, creating a safe space for the affected person. In addition, it is noted that psychoeducation is important for the close environment, as relatives can be supportive and contribute to the healing of a person who has experienced trauma. Teaching relatives and loved ones to listen, understand and help can create a more favorable atmosphere for recovery and overcoming difficulties together. The article provides psychological recommendations aimed at effective interaction with the injured person. Further research prospects are seen in the development of technologies for restoring internal and external resources to overcome PTSD in parents of children with SEN and the development of stress resistance in their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Aim: A systematic meta-review was conducted to examine the broad range of negative and positive individual and interpersonal changes following adult sexual violence, as well as the risk/protective factors at multiple levels of the social ecology (e.g., individual, assault, and micro/meso/exo/macro/chronosystem factors)—influencing the impact of sexual violence. Methods: Searches of Web of Science, Pubmed, and ProQuest resulted in inclusion of 46 systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Review findings were extracted for summary and a deductive thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Experiencing sexual violence is associated with many negative individual and sexual difficulties as well as revictimization risk. Only a limited number of reviews reported on interpersonal and positive changes. Factors at multiple levels of the social ecology play a role in the intensity of these changes. Reviews including macrolevel factors were non-existent, however. Conclusion: Reviews on sexual violence are fragmented in nature. Although the use of an ecological approach is often lacking, adopting such a perspective in research is necessary for a fuller understanding of the multiple influences on survivor outcomes. Future research should evaluate the occurrence of social and positive changes following sexual violence, as well as the role of macrolevel factors in influencing post-assault outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

La population étudiante est vulnérable aux problèmes de santé mentale. La prévalence du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) en population étudiante française varierait entre 2,32 % (12) à 5,42 % mais nécessiterait d'être mise à jour. Cette étude a pour objectif d'actualiser les données du TSPT en population étudiante française. Soixante-dix étudiants (70 % de femmes ; n = 49) ont participé à un questionnaire psychométrique mesurant plusieurs dimensions psychologiques. Les analyses montrent que 18,5 % (n = 13), 24,3 % (n = 17) et 20 % (n = 14) des étudiants présentent des scores d'intensité sévères ou très sévères aux sous-échelles dépression, anxiété et stress de la DASS-21. De plus, 18,2 % (n = 12) présentent un score à l'échelle PCL-5 évocateur d'un TSPT. Nos résultats décrivent une souffrance psychologique majeure et mettent en avant les problématiques psychotraumatiques en population étudiante. Nous discuterons les interventions existantes en France et à l'étranger centrées sur le traitement du TSPT. Il est nécessaire de continuer d'investiguer les TSPT en population étudiante et à propos des interventions, recourir à la pair-aidance et à leurs co-constructions avec les étudiants semble nécessaire pour adapter l'offre de soin des universités. The student population is vulnerable to mental health problems (1–6). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the French student population varies between 2.32% (12) to 5.42% (13) but these data need to be updated (12–15). This study aims to revise the data on PTSD in the French student population. Seventy students (70% women; n = 49) participated in a psychometric questionnaire measuring several psychological dimensions. The analyses indicated that 18.5% (n = 13), 24.3% (n = 17) and 20% (n = 14) of the students present severe or very severe intensity scores on the depression, anxiety and stress subscales of the DASS-21. In addition, 18.2% (n = 12) had a PCL-5 score suggestive of PTSD. Our results describe major psychological suffering and highlight psychotraumatic issues in the student population. In our article, we discuss the existing treatment protocols in France and abroad that focus on the treatment of PTSD. It is necessary to continue to study the prevalence of PTSD in the student population and to implement treatment plans, resort to the use of peer-help and their interaction with students. It is also essential to adapt the universities' treatment plans for such students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Abstract Background Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugees is reportedly higher in comparison to the general population. Refugee children specifically are often coping with trauma and loss and are at risk for mental health difficulties. With staggering numbers of people seeking refuge around the world and 50% being 18 years or younger, research examining the effects of trauma-focused therapies for refugee children with PTSD is highly needed. Both Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and the child version of Narrative Exposure Therapy (KIDNET) have been used for refugees, although these treatment methods have not been systematically compared. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of EMDR and KIDNET, compared to a waitlist control group and with each other, offered to refugee children. Methods A randomized controlled three-arm trial has been designed. The primary outcome is PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children DSM5 (CAPS-CA-5) at baseline (T1), 1 month post-treatment, or after 8 weeks of waiting (T2) and 3 months follow-up (T3). Additionally, instruments to assess posttraumatic stress symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and quality of life perception in children aged 8–18 are conducted at T1, T2, and T3. Discussion This is the first RCT that examines the effectiveness of EMDR and KIDNET in refugee children aged 8–18 years specifically, compared to a waitlist control group intended to reduce PTSD diagnosis and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and comorbid complaints in a growing and challenging population. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register NL40769 . Retrospectively registered on June 16, 2021. more...

AimA systematic meta-review was conducted to examine (1) the broad range of negative and positive individual and interpersonal changes following adult sexual violence, as well as (2) the risk/protective factors at multiple levels of the social ecology (e.g., individual, assault, and micro/meso/exo/macro/chronosystem factors)—influencing the impact of sexual violence.MethodsSearches of Web of Science, Pubmed, and ProQuest resulted in inclusion of 46 systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Review findings were extracted for summary and a deductive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsExperiencing sexual violence is associated with many negative individual and sexual difficulties as well as revictimization risk. Only a limited number of reviews reported on interpersonal and positive changes. Factors at multiple levels of the social ecology play a role in the intensity of these changes. Reviews including macrolevel factors were non-existent, however.ConclusionReviews on sexual violence are fragmented in nature. Although the use of an ecological approach is often lacking, adopting such a perspective in research is necessary for a fuller understanding of the multiple influences on survivor outcomes. Future research should evaluate the occurrence of social and positive changes following sexual violence, as well as the role of macrolevel factors in influencing post-assault outcomes. more...

There is growing evidence that parental trauma is associated with psychosocial disorders, externalizing and internalizing problems, and higher sensitivity to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. Recent research findings suggest multidimensional relational, psychological, and neurobiological interrelated pathways of intergenerational influence. Moreover, the intergenerational effects of parental trauma need to be understood within a broader systemic context, as a part of family adaptation. This article explores research findings and clinical practice to enhance our understanding of intergenerational processes and presents directions for therapeutic interventions. A trauma-focused multi-family therapy, aiming to restrict the relational consequences of parental trauma and strengthen family resilience, is described. The proposition is that to facilitate and improve the quality of parent--child interaction in response to psychotrauma, fostering emotion regulation capacities and mentalization is crucial. These efforts offered through family group interventions may benefit various families coping with adversity in culturally diverse societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Potentially traumatic events may lead to the development of a wide range of adverse psychological responses, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and (complex) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the high prevalence of potentially traumatic events in Iran, there is no population data nor evidence-based instrument to screen for cross-diagnostic psychological responses to trauma. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a transdiagnostic self-report instrument for the detection of trauma-related symptoms, as well as risk and protective factors related to the impact of potentially traumatic events. Objective: The present study seeks to 1) translate and cross-culturally adapt the GPS in the Persian (Farsi) language and 2) examine the psychometric properties of the Persian GPS. Method: The translation and adaptation were performed using the Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011) method. A pilot study (n = 30) was carried out to test the content validity and test–retest reliability of the GPS. Next, in a representative sample (n = 800) of residents of Kermanshah City, the GPS, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were administered. Construct validity of the Persian GPS was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the convergent validity and internal consistency of the GPS. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor model as the best solution with factors representing 1) Negative Affect, 2) Core PTSD symptoms and 3) Dissociative symptoms. The GPS total symptom score had high internal consistency and high convergent validity with related measures. A GPS total symptom cut-off score of nine was optimal for indicating a probable PTSD diagnosis based on the PCL-5. About half (52%) of the current sample met criteria for probable PTSD. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that the GPS can be effectively adapted for use in a non-Western society and, specifically, that the Persian GPS represents a useful, reliable and valid tool for screening of trauma-related symptoms in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Major depressive episode (MDE) is a common clinical syndrome. It can be found in different pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or even occur in the context of psychological trauma. However, only 1 syndrome is described in international classifications (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5]/International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision [ICD-11]), which do not take into account the underlying pathology at the origin of the MDE. Clinical interviews are currently the best source of information to obtain the etiological diagnosis of MDE. Nevertheless, it does not allow an early diagnosis and there are no objective measures of extracted clinical information. To remedy this, the use of digital tools and their correlation with clinical symptomatology could be useful. Objective: We aimed to review the current application of digital tools for MDE diagnosis while highlighting shortcomings for further research. In addition, our work was focused on digital devices easy to use during clinical interview and mental health issues where depression is common. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the use of digital tools during clinical interviews for MDE by searching papers published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases since February 2010. The search was conducted from June to September 2021. Potentially relevant papers were then compared against a checklist for relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion, with focus on 4 allocated topics of (1) automated voice analysis, behavior analysis by (2) video and physiological measures, (3) heart rate variability (HRV), and (4) electrodermal activity (EDA). For this purpose, we were interested in 4 frequently found clinical conditions in which MDE can occur: (1) MDD, (2) BD, (3) PTSD, and (4) psychological trauma. Results: A total of 74 relevant papers on the subject were qualitatively analyzed and the information was synthesized. Thus, a digital phenotype of MDE seems to emerge consisting of modifications in speech features (namely, temporal, prosodic, spectral, source, and formants) and in speech content, modifications in nonverbal behavior (head, hand, body and eyes movement, facial expressivity, and gaze), and a decrease in physiological measurements (HRV and EDA). We not only found similarities but also differences when MDE occurs in MDD, BD, PTSD, or psychological trauma. However, comparative studies were rare in BD or PTSD conditions, which does not allow us to identify clear and distinct digital phenotypes. Conclusions: Our search identified markers from several modalities that hold promise for helping with a more objective diagnosis of MDE. To validate their potential, further longitudinal and prospective studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

2022 was a year of crises, not just one but multiple intersecting crises that caused traumatic stress in billions of people worldwide. COVID-19 is still not over. New wars have started, and the climate change impact is bigger than ever. Will the Anthropocene be an era of continued crises? This past year the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) has again tried to contribute to how to prevent or treat the consequences of these major crises as well as other events and we will continue to do so the year to come. For instance, we will have special issues or collections addressing these big issues, such as climate change and traumatic stress, or early intervention after trauma or in times of conflict. In this editorial, we also present the past year's excellent journal metrics regarding reach, impact, and quality and the ESTSS EJPT award finalists for best paper of 2022 and look forward to 2023. 2022 was a year of multiple intersecting crises causing traumatic stress to billions of people around the world. European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) aims to contribute to how to understand, prevent or treat the consequences of these major crises. EJPT's editorial team again achieved excellent journal metrics regarding reach, impact, and quality in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

With the help of clinical vignettes, the authors present their approach to maternity care for exiled pregnant women at risk of psychotrauma. They emphasize the importance of co-constructing a life story to bridge discontinuities, and of working as a team with continuity to avoid further breakdowns. At stake is the birth of a baby, which may suffer from psychotraumatic sharing without adequate support., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.) more...

Female genital mutilation: the current situation and the role of healthcare workers in combating excision. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) affects more than 200 million girls and women, mainly in African countries. These procedures have no medical rationale and are essentially a form of power abuse. Despite alarming levels in some countries, prevalence has decreased over the last two decades, but only in very limited proportions. FGM/C is even found in non-African countries due to migration for family reasons, education, work opportunities or political insecurity. In countries such as France, when medical and psychological problems arise, more nurses and health personnel treat FGM/C victims. Their role in the recognition, alert, attendance and fight against such mutilations is crucial., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.) more...

There is growing evidence that parental trauma is associated with psychosocial disorders, externalizing and internalizing problems, and higher sensitivity to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. Recent research findings suggest multidimensional relational, psychological, and neurobiological interrelated pathways of intergenerational influence. Moreover, the intergenerational effects of parental trauma need to be understood within a broader systemic context, as a part of family adaptation. This article explores research findings and clinical practice to enhance our understanding of intergenerational processes and presents directions for therapeutic interventions. A trauma-focused multi-family therapy, aiming to restrict the relational consequences of parental trauma and strengthen family resilience, is described. The proposition is that to facilitate and improve the quality of parent–child interaction in response to psychotrauma, fostering emotion regulation capacities and mentalization is crucial. These efforts offered through family group interventions may benefit various families coping with adversity in culturally diverse societies. more...

Background: The mass terrorist attack in Nice, France, in July 2016 caused deaths and injuries in a local population, including children and adolescents. The Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC) was opened to provide mental health care to the pediatric population (0-18 years) who experienced traumatic events. Objectives: This study describes the specificity of the care pathway for young trauma victims, with an explanation of how the NPPC works during the first three years. Methods: In this retrospective study, we conducted quantitative and qualitative data collection about new and follow-up consultations, primary and comorbid diagnoses, and the kind of trauma (terrorist attack versus other kinds of trauma). Ethics approval was obtained from the local Ethics committee. Results: 866 children and adolescents were followed in the NPPC. We found a high rate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; 71%) in this population with a high rate of comorbidities (67%), mainly sleep disorders (34.7%) and mood and anxiety disorders (16.2%). A high number of children and adolescents impacted by the terrorist attack required follow-up consultations after exposure to the mass terrorist attack, the first care-seeking requests continued to occur three years later, although at a slower rate than in the first and second years. New consultations for other kinds of trauma were observed over time. Discussion: This study supports previous findings on the significant impact of mass trauma in the pediatric population showing even a higher level of PTSD and a high rate of comorbidities. This may be explained by the brutality of the traumatic event, particularly for this age group. The findings of this study have implications for early interventions and long-term care for children and adolescents to prevent the development of chronic PTSD into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: A substantial proportion of clinical World War Two survivor offspring reports intrusions about war events they did not experience themselves. Objective: To help identify factors that contribute to the development of such indirect intrusions (i.e. intrusions about non-self-experienced traumatic events), we examined the personal characteristics of survivor offspring that were related to the presence of indirect intrusions. To explore the specificity of these relationships, we compared characteristics related to the presence of indirect and direct intrusions (i.e. intrusions about self-experienced traumatic events). Methods: Participants (N = 98) were post-war offspring of World War Two survivors in treatment in one of two clinics specialized in mental health services for war victims. We assessed the presence of indirect and direct intrusions as well as the following personal characteristics: gender, education level, trait dissociation, affect intensity, attentional control, mental imagery, fantasy proneness, and current psychopathology. Results: Reports of indirect intrusions were more frequent in individuals high in fantasy proneness, trait dissociation, and current psychopathology. Reports of direct intrusions were more frequent in women, individuals scoring high on trait dissociation, affect intensity, and current psychopathology. Fantasy proneness was a unique correlate of indirect intrusions. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the idea that intrusions are the result of (re)constructive processes affected by several factors including personal characteristics. Offspring of World War Two survivors often experience indirect intrusions. We examined personal characteristics related to indirect and direct intrusions. Fantasy proneness was the best predictor of indirect intrusions. Gender was the best predictor of direct intrusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article reflects theoretical, methodological and methodical bases of psychological aid to victims of unexpected crisis-military situations on the background of coronovirus pandemics spreading. The essence of psychological self-help as a factor of stress-resistance and internal psychological potential of resisting psychological traumas in the conditions of war and viral pandemics with the propositions of effective methodological means of its conducting is revealed. In providing psychological aid, the cognitive-behavioral approach was deemed effective as the basic one, and it was suggested that integrative psychotherapeutic and comprehensive psychological approaches to crisis counseling in conditions of military conflict be applied, depending on the specifics of survivors' experience of acute emotional reactions and the complexity of the course of posttraumatic stress disorders of resistance to the action of a psychotraumatic factor. Neuropsychological correction deserves special attention in providing psychological aid in conditions of military conflict and pandemics, which allows a combination of an integrated bodyoriented psychological approach with neuro-psycho-correctional techniques and psychotherapeutic methods for effective restoration of the tone of the nervous system and stabilization of the psycho-emotional state. The main provisions of practical psychology that in conditions of war and pandemic COVID-19 the adaptive potential of psychological health of each person and psychological self-help is love, faith and hope. Psychological recommendations of educational character for the formation of basic skills to ensure psychological health in conditions of war and pandemic COVID-19 have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the international Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Material and Methods: An online survey was launched to recruit participants. This survey was shared via social networks (Twitter, Facebook) and messaging applications (Telegram, WhatsApp) from November 15 to December 15, 2021. Participants were 141 individuals older than 18 years and with at least one self-reported lifetime traumatic event. ITQ was translated into Spanish and validated through a confirmatory factor analysis. Participants have been also scored with the trauma questionnaire (TQ) and the international trauma exposure measure. Results: The results of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the sphericity test were adequate (KMO=0.878) and significant (p<0.001), respectively. A two-dimensional scale was reported after confirmatory analysis. Fit indices reported that the model adjustment was good. Cronbach's alpha of the total scale was α=0.95, as well as for the PTSD symptoms and DSO clusters were α=0.91 and α=0.93, respectively. Good convergence (r=0.807; p<0.001) was shown by the scores between the two scales (ITQ and TQ). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the ITQ shows good psychometric properties and satisfactorily replicates the two-dimensional model of the original English version of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

BackgroundThe mass terrorist attack in Nice, France, in July 2016 caused deaths and injuries in a local population, including children and adolescents. The Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC) was opened to provide mental health care to the pediatric population (0–18 years) who experienced traumatic events.ObjectivesThis study describes the specificity of the care pathway for young trauma victims, with an explanation of how the NPPC works during the first three years.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we conducted quantitative and qualitative data collection about new and follow-up consultations, primary and comorbid diagnoses, and the kind of trauma (terrorist attack versus other kinds of trauma). Ethics approval was obtained from the local Ethics committee.Results866 children and adolescents were followed in the NPPC. We found a high rate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; 71%) in this population with a high rate of comorbidities (67%), mainly sleep disorders (34.7%) and mood and anxiety disorders (16.2%). A high number of children and adolescents impacted by the terrorist attack required follow-up consultations after exposure to the mass terrorist attack, the first care-seeking requests continued to occur three years later, although at a slower rate than in the first and second years. New consultations for other kinds of trauma were observed over time.DiscussionThis study supports previous findings on the significant impact of mass trauma in the pediatric population showing even a higher level of PTSD and a high rate of comorbidities. This may be explained by the brutality of the traumatic event, particularly for this age group. The findings of this study have implications for early interventions and long-term care for children and adolescents to prevent the development of chronic PTSD into adulthood. more...

Respectively a psychiatric nurse and an anthropologist, we work within a multidisciplinary group of therapists. We use a complementary approach, as described by Georges Devereux, combining the psychological and the anthropological approach of the subject with refugee or asylum-seeker patients suffering from multiple trauma related to exile. In a state of great vulnerability, separated from their loved ones, these people suffer from social isolation and psychological disorganisation. The aim of our work is to lead them to psychological self-reliance. Therefore, we try, by forging a bond, to reorganise their thoughts and bring back the vital feeling of internal security. During these sessions, while we examine the connections between the patient and their environment, their relatives and their culture, a variety of objects may emerge. Either they are just mentioned through memories or dreams, or they are presented in a more concrete way, shown on a photo, displayed in consultation or offered to therapists as a gift. Jewellery, clothes, photographs, candles, cakes... All of these objects carry meaningful life stories, memories and are full of emotion. We look at them closely in order to work with the patients. Through a few clinical examples, we wish to share here the unique stories of some of these objects that have come from far away, either companions of exile or resilience tools in the host country, which have become therapeutic levers during transcultural consultations. Therefore, we support the idea that listening to people telling the life of their objects and the links they forge, receiving their emotions, contributes to the co-construction of their psychic life and their social existence. Because the object shows the strength of the social cohesion and is a landmark, it allows the patient to consider a future. The object, anchored in the past, is used during transcultural consultations as a therapeutic lever and becomes a tool for building a future. more...

Hintergrund: Schwere sexualisierte Gewalt erfolgt meist in Verbindung mit körperlicher und psychischer Gewalt an Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. In den letzten Jahren wurde deutlich, dass einige Formen von sexualisierter Gewalt systematisch und durch untereinander bekannte Täter:innen oder Netzwerke organisiert ausgeübt werden und mehrere Opfer betreffen. Betroffene leiden meist unter komplexen Traumafolgen und gelten als schwer erkennbar. Die mit der ICD-11 verbesserten Möglichkeiten in der Dia-gnostik von schweren Traumafolgen bergen auch für diese Zielgruppe Chancen auf eine frühere Einleitung störungs-spezifischer Behandlung und mehr fachliche Anerkennung. Methodik: In diesem Fachbeitrag werden unterschiedliche Kontexte von organisierter sexualisierter Gewalt und mögliche psychische Folgen im Überblick dargestellt. Zudem werden damit verbundene Implikationen für Diagnostik, psychosoziale Versorgung und Psychotherapie der Betroffenen erläutert. Dabei wird das Ziel verfolgt, bisherige Erkenntnisse aus Fachliteratur und klinischer Praxis in Bezug zu setzen und in psychotraumatologische Diskurse zu integrieren. Ergebnisse: Betroffene mit Erfahrungen von organisierter sexuali-sierter Gewalt haben einen vielseitigen Hilfebedarf und stellen Gesundheitssystem, Opferschutz und Ermittlungsbehörden gleichermaßen vor komplexe Herausforderungen. Fachliche Weiterentwicklungen und Kooperationen der unterschiedlichen Hilfesysteme sind erforderlich. Nur so kann der bestehende Mangel an systematisch erfassten Erkenntnissen und Studien sowie an Behandlungs- und Versorgungsstrukturen für diese Zielgruppe behoben werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article presents the results of the conducted research, the purpose of which was to study the specific character of the musicians’ response to psycho traumatic situations. The research was carried out at the music universities, the experimental group included students­musicians of performing specialties. The control group included students of technical and economic specialties of the technical university. As a result of the study, a clear relationship between stress factors, ways ofmusicians’response and their professional performance was revealed. The analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude that 90 % musicians are affected to some extent by stress associated with a traumatic event. 34 % musicians had an adaptation disorder characterized by emotional lability, decreased mental and physical activity, lack of motivation for professional activity and a desire to change their profession. Our results indicate to the need to create conditions for psychological support of the professional activities of musicians, as well as the expediency of carrying out work on the prevention of professional diseases among musicians. more...

BackgroundShame and guilt are involved in suicidality and in post-traumatic stress disorder. However, few studies have explored the implication of those emotions in the suicidality of patients exposed to traumatic events.ObjectiveThe objective of this literature review was to examine the implication of shame and guilt in the suicidality of individuals who have experienced potentially traumatic events or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. These two emotions are part of post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. Moreover, when individuals perceive that their coping strategies are inadequate, they may view suicide as a relief from suffering.MethodThis review was conducted according to PRISMA method. We used combinations of search words for traumatization, suicide ideation and behavior and shame and guilt to search for empirical studies in common databases in psychology and medicine.ResultsAmong 137 identified articles, 9 full texts were retained. Results suggest that shame and guilt were involved in all aspects of suicidality in patients who had experienced traumatic events or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. The degree of shame and guilt differed with the type of traumatic event, notably affecting individuals who had experienced military combat, physical or sexual abuse, or emotional or physical neglect.ConclusionShame and guilt are implicated in suicide's risk. Future research is now needed to determine whether greater attention to these two emotions would enhance our understanding and anticipation of suicidal behavior in those who have experienced a potentially traumatic event or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. more...

Introduction: On 2 October 2020, a violent storm (Alex) reached the French Riviera and caused significant damage in three inhabited valleys in the hinterland of the city of Nice. Entire populations were exposed to prolonged stress (no means of communication, electricity nor water) and were particularly at risk of suffering from psychological consequences. We first hypothesized that a majority of children would experience an acute stress reaction. However, we also hypothesized that their clinical expression would differ depending on their developmental age. Thus, we aimed to evaluate, according to the child’s level of development, the presence of acute stress symptoms. Methods: Consecutive interviews with the child/adolescent and his/her parents were conducted by child and adolescent psychologists and psychiatrists to assess symptomatology following storm Alex (from day 1 to day 3). Each interview assessed nine classes of symptoms that have been compared according to age-groups. Results: 116 children have been evaluated (0.2-17.6 years, mean 9.1). The 0-5-years-old showed more agitation as well as developmental regression than children aged 6-11 (p = .011, p = .045) and 12-18 years (p more...