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Introduction: Psychosocial risks (PSRs) are identified as one of the main modern occupational safety issues, primarily related to occupational stress, and need to be reduced to safe levels in accordance with international requirements. The research purpose is to improve the process of managing the PSRs in the occupational safety and health management systems of employees, taking into account the impact of psychosocial dangers in accordance with the requirements of ISO 45001:2018 and ISO 45003:2021 standards. Methods: To develop the process of managing the PSRs, a system analysis method is applied, which allows determining the structural relationships between the variable elements of dangerous psychosocial factors described in the ISO 45003:2021 standard. Results: The bow-tie model has been improved to determine the relationship between psychosocial dangers and the dangerous event occurrence – experiencing stress by an employee, taking into account the influence of various dangerous psychosocial factors, which provides for an additional risk level assessment for restoring the health of an employee who has experienced stress. The process of psychosocial risk management consisting of ten steps is proposed, which involves identifying the relationship between psychosocial dangers and consequences for human health, taking into account the impact of various dangerous psychosocial factors based on questionnaires, followed by analysis and processing of the duration and intensity of experiencing stress. To reduce the impact of subjective assessments of the duration and intensity of experiencing stress on the psychosocial risk level, it is proposed to take into account the value of individual perception of experiencing stress (stress resistance) and the employees' health condition. Discussion: The scientific novelty is to determine the psychosocial risk level as the sum of the risk values from the impact of each dangerous psychosocial factor, which are characteristic of aspects of work organization, social conditions at work, working environment, equipment, dangerous tasks and the level of employee health. The practical value is the development of scales for assessing the impact of dangerous psychosocial factors and a form for documenting the process of managing psychosocial risks with the indication of precautionary measures to control them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, one in seven 10-19-year-olds experiences a mental disorder, accounting for 13% of the global burden of disease in this age group. Mental health of adolescents not only affects overall health at present but also has great impact on future life. Family interactions at home play indispensable role in mental health and overall development of adolescents. Methods and Material: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 adolescents by using DASS 21 scale and interviewing them using a structured pretested questionnaire assessing psychosocial factors at home. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS version 21. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. Results: Of 440 study adolescents, depression, anxiety and stress was respectively present among 58.9%, 69% and 43.40%. There is a statistically highly significant association between gender and different severity grades of depression (p-value= 0.001), anxiety (p-value <0.001) and stress (p-value = 0.004). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed that students having frequent arguments with parents/family members were 1.97 times more likely to have depression compared to students responding no arguments with parents/family members (AOR=1.97 95%CI (1.29-3.01), p value=0.002). Other important predictors for depression are 'worry about their privacy at home' and 'want to run away from home'. Highly significant predictors for anxiety on multivariate analysis were unsupportive parents and worry about financial problems at home. Conclusion: Moderate, severe and extremely severe depression as well as anxiety are significantly higher among females compared to males. There is a need for improving assessed significant predictors at home by counselling parents, other family members and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study aimed to identify the role of psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction (SA) among Korean adolescents and predict the trajectory of SA based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable was SA score as measured by the Korean Smartphone Addiction Propensity Scale (SAPS), and the independent variables were psychosocial factors (attention, grit, life satisfaction, self-esteem, aggression, depression, social withdrawal and physical symptom). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis (adjusted for covariates) results indicated that attention (B = −0.346, P <.001), grit (B = −0.402, P <.001), life satisfaction (B = −0.150, P <.001), and self-esteem (B = −0.099, P <.001) were protective factors for reducing SA score. Conversely, aggression (B = 0.222, P <.001) and depression (B = 0.067, P =.005) were predicted to be risk factors for increasing SA score. A better understanding of the relationship between behavioral addiction and psychosocial development factors in adolescence will assist in the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients' quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery. Objective: This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery. The mediating role of sleep factors between psychosocial factors and physical activity was also examined. Methods: Thirty-three patients who had undergone heart surgery were recruited. Psychosocial and sleep factors and physical activity were measured using an online survey and a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days and nights. Results: The participants had heart surgery an average of about 7 years previously. They exceeded the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for Americans; however, 64% of them showed poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and greater sleep disturbances were associated with lower physical activity. Moreover, self-efficacy, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were predictors for physical activity. No mediating role of sleep factors was observed between psychosocial factors and physical activity. Conclusions: Psychosocial and sleep factors should be considered when developing and implementing physical activity strategies for patients after heart surgery. Researchers should examine the relationships among the study variables with larger samples of postsurgical cardiac patients during different periods after heart surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing sport-related concussions in athletes presents challenges due to symptom variability. This study aimed to explore the relationship between acute concussion symptoms and athlete fear avoidance, pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety. Anxiety and depression have previously been associated with the number of symptoms after a concussion, but no prior research has examined the possible link between athlete fear avoidance and acute concussion symptoms. Methods: Thirty-four collegiate athletes (mean age = 20.9 ± 1.8 years) were assessed within 48 h of a concussion using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5, Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Results showed a significant association between the athlete fear avoidance and the number of concussion symptoms (r = 0.493, p = 0.003), as well as depression and anxiety measured by HADS (r = 0.686, p < 0.001). Athlete fear avoidance and HADS scores were predictors of symptom severity, explaining 41% of the variance (p = 0.001). Athletes with higher fear avoidance tended to report more symptoms post concussion. Conclusions: This study underscores the link between athlete fear avoidance, anxiety, depression, and the severity of concussion symptoms. Administering the AFAQ to assess athlete fear avoidance at the initial assessment of a concussion may be helpful in interpreting the symptoms of an acute concussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using hypothesized structural equation modeling, we investigated contributions to physical activity (PA) from psychological, social, and environmental variables. Participants were 768 adults aged 30 years or older (men = 353, women = 415; M age = 42.51, SD = 10.21 years) living in Jungrang-gu, Seoul. To assess psychological, social, and environmental variables, respondents completed scales measuring self-efficacy, decisional balance, social support, physical environment, and leisure time exercise. We found that psychological, social, and environmental variables had a statistically significant effect on PA, with psychological variables mediating the effects of social and physical environmental variables on PA. These findings lend support to the assumed internal and external validity of the social ecological model (SEM) as an explanation for PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aripiprazole, a commonly prescribed antipsychotic, has been rarely associated with the onset of hiccups. This study aims to elucidate the prevalence, risk factors, and management of aripiprazole-induced hiccups. Methods: We report a case of aripiprazole-induced hiccups in a 32-year-old male diagnosed with Somatic Symptom Disorder per DSM-5 criteria.A comprehensive literature review was conducted, identifying 29 case reports of aripiprazole-induced hiccups. Patient demographics, dosage, onset and duration of hiccups, and management strategies were analyzed. Results: Aripiprazole-induced hiccups predominantly affected adolescents and middle-aged male patients (86.7%). The majority of hiccups developed within 1-2 days post-prescription (90.9%) and resolved within 1-4 days after discontinuation of aripiprazole. Discontinuation of aripiprazole was the most effective management strategy (51.7%). Co-administration with benzodiazepines was identified as a significant risk factor. Discussion: The findings suggest that clinicians should be vigilant for the onset of hiccups during the early stages of aripiprazole treatment, especially in male patients and those co-administered with benzodiazepines. Conclusion: Clinicians should be vigilant for hiccups during early aripiprazole treatment. Considering personality and psychological factors is crucial in managing hiccups in psychiatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pain Research / Ból is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past decades, productivity practices at hospital resulted in staff overload and burnout. Prompted by physicians' complaints, this study assessed the level of psychosocial risk among senior pediatricians in a university hospital. The survey used the checklist of Quebec's National Institute of Public Health that comprises two six-indicator parts: "Context" and "Key Components" of the Organization. The psychosocial risk level was evaluated by a physician–psychologist duo during interviews of homogeneous groups of workers. The indicators were scored, tabulated, and discussed. The survey led to a substantial qualitative and quantitative clarification of physicians' working conditions, claims, and needs. Regarding Context, the staff reported mainly: (a) cumbersome organization and norms vs. limited human resources (lack of stability, incentives, and promotions); (b) absenteeism and presenteeism; (c) reluctance to seek care or advice for fear of discredit; (d) presence of verbal violence; (e) self-imposed harsh returns-to-work; (f) work–life conflicts and difficult mental disconnection from work. Regarding the Key Components, the staff reported mainly: (a) work overload (physical, mental, psychological, and relational/social), continuous stress, and perceived exhaustion; (b) low job satisfaction and insufficient recognition; (c) inconstant support by their superiors; (d) poor job relationships and colleagues' support; (e) occasional participation and lack of real autonomy and/or strategy sharing. The survey succeeded in underlining concerning issues that required the immediate attention of occupational physicians and managers. It proved the method feasible and valuable in the medical context despite a high diversity of staff functions and degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The excess risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetes is greater in women than in men. The present study aimed to examine sex differences in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 4923 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this cross-sectional study. Female/male differences in cardiovascular risk factor levels, and corresponding odds ratios for achieving recommended ranges for preventing cardiovascular diseases and having unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors were computed by linear and logistic regression models. Results Women were less likely than men to achieve recommended ranges for glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity-related anthropometric indices such as body mass index and waist circumference, but were more likely than men to be on target for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Women were also more likely than men to have an unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors, including less dietary fiber intake, less leisure-time physical activity, shorter sleep duration, more constipation, and more depressive symptoms. Similar findings were observed when the participants were subgrouped by age (

Objective: This study examined the correlation between primary caregivers' psychosocial factors and self-esteem in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving primary caregivers and their children with ADHD, aged 8-15, was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023. The children's self-esteem was assessed using the Five-Scale Test of Self-Esteem for Children. Primary caregivers' psychosocial factors were assessed using the Attitude of Parenting Questionnaire, Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression were used to determine the associations among variables. Results: The study included 66 pairs of children and adolescents with ADHD and their primary caregivers. The study found 53% of caregivers screened positive for depression, while 16.7% screened positive for anxiety. Almost all caregivers (90.9%) adopted an authoritative parenting. The mean self-esteem score in participants with ADHD was 39.23±8.99. Younger caregivers, those with an education level below a bachelor's degree, higher monthly income, positive screening for depression, and lower attitudes toward parenting scores were significantly associated with low self-esteem scores in their children. Conclusion: Age, education level of caregivers, and monthly family income were significantly correlated with the self-esteem of children and adolescents with ADHD. The attitudes of caregivers towards parenting and depression in caregivers also impacted self-esteem of children with ADHD under their care. Thus, strategies aimed at promoting positive caregiving attitudes, regular screening of caregivers for depression, and providing appropriate treatment are recommended to enhance self-esteem in children and adolescents with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain and smell are the oldest senses for apperceive our environment. It is known that chronic pain and olfaction share common limbic cortical regions which are the main parts of the pain neuromatrix such as the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. Also, these regions point out the psychosocial aspects of chronic pain. And currently, the most challenging part of chronic pain management is the psychosocial aspect such as kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, or depression. Thus, the connection between olfaction and pain has promising clues to determining new combined therapies with odor training. According to intriguing brain imaging and genetic studies, we hypothesized that patients with chronic pain may have differentiated olfactory thresholds. Further, the additional odor training to the traditional therapeutic approach could be beneficial regarding the patients' pain perspective and psychosocial domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity and overweight among college and university students have caused a prime public health apprehension. Young adults with high BMI often become obese individual in late adulthood, consequently becoming at a high risk to develop chronic diseases. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to explore the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Palestinian students in universities, and their relationship with sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, psychosocial factors, and physical activity level. Methods: A total sample of 1243 students, 772 (62.1%) females and 471 (37.9%) males, were included in the final analysis. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements and dietary habits. Weight status was defined according to BMI WHO cut off points. Anxiety, stress, and depression were assessed using Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. A short form of the Arabic version of IPAQ questionnaire was used to assess physical activity level. Results: The results revealed that obesity prevalence was 3.3% and overweight was 16.10% among the students. Obesity was significantly more common among males, and those who are studying scientific specialization. Weigh status was significantly related to anxiety (P < 0.05). Among the psychosocial factors, students with normal weight had significantly higher anxiety scores than obese or overweight students (P < 0.05). Obesity and overweight were significantly associated with lower self-satisfaction (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight was low among the study sample. In spite of this, there is a need to promote intervention educational programs to improve their lifestyle in terms of physical activity and dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The excess risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetes is greater in women than in men. The present study aimed to examine sex differences in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 4923 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this cross-sectional study. Female/male differences in cardiovascular risk factor levels, and corresponding odds ratios for achieving recommended ranges for preventing cardiovascular diseases and having unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors were computed by linear and logistic regression models. Results: Women were less likely than men to achieve recommended ranges for glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity-related anthropometric indices such as body mass index and waist circumference, but were more likely than men to be on target for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Women were also more likely than men to have an unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors, including less dietary fiber intake, less leisure-time physical activity, shorter sleep duration, more constipation, and more depressive symptoms. Similar findings were observed when the participants were subgrouped by age (< 65 and ≥ 65 years) and past history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: We observed significant sex differences for a range of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, suggesting the importance of adopting a sex-specific approach for the daily clinical management of diabetes. Plain Language Summary: Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and growing evidence suggests that the risk increases more in women than men. Differences between the sexes in terms of the control of risk factors have been proposed to explain this association. Although ethnic and regional differences in the management of cardiovascular risk factors have been reported, most evidence has come from Western countries, and evidence from Asia is limited. Given the differences in health care systems, as well as cultural and sociological backgrounds, it is important to clarify the sex differences in the management of cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle, and psychological factors in order to incorporate appropriate sex-specific approaches into public health policies. The present study comprehensively assessed sex differences in a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that women were less likely than men to achieve recommended ranges for glycemic control, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as obesity-related anthropometric indices, but were more likely to be on target for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, women were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors, such as less dietary fiber intake, less physical activity, shorter sleep duration, and more constipation, and depressive symptoms. These results suggest the need for a comprehensive and sex-specific approach for the management of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes. Highlights: Evidence on sex differences in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes is limited, especially in Asia, where the health care systems and cultural and sociological backgrounds differ from Western countries. The present study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes showed that women were less likely than men to achieve recommended ranges for HbA1c, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and obesity-related anthropometric indices, but were more likely to be on target for HDL-C and triglycerides. Women were more likely than men to have unhealthy lifestyle and psychological factors, including less dietary fiber intake, less physical activity, shorter sleep duration, and more constipation and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest the importance of comprehensive and sex-specific approaches for managing cardiovascular risk factors, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, in the daily clinical management of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundThe prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among manufacturing workers is relatively high and has been widely concerned. However, research on the prevalence and risk factors of multi-site WMSDs is still insufficient. ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of multi-site WMSDs of assembly workers in four manufacturing enterprises. MethodsThe "Chinese Musculoskeletal Questionnaire" was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among 1401 assembly workers selected by convenient sampling in four manufacturing enterprises, and their demographic characteristics, the prevalence of WMSDs in various body parts, and the information about biomechanical factors, work organizations, work environment, and psychosocial factor exposure were collected. The prevalence of WMSDs and multi-site WMSDs were estimated, Pearson χ2 test was used for univariate analysis of multi-site WMSDs risk factors, and logistic regression was used for multi-factor analysis. ResultsThe total prevalence rate of WMSDs was 54.9% (769/1 401). The top three affected sites were neck (41.4%), shoulders (30.7%), and wrist/hand (25.1%). The prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 41.9% (587/1 401). The prevalence rates of multi-site WMSDs in railway vehicle assembly and riveting workers were higher than those in electronic parts processing and glass manufacturing workers (P

Breast Cancer is the most complex treatment in the present scenario. When the patient is diagnosed with breast cancer, it affects patients' psychosocial condition. During the treatment process, patients suffer from depression, loss of hope, stress and other associated psychological issues. This study suggests that psychosocial factors are highly significant for persons with breast cancer. This paper also discusses the methodology of the study, level of psychological factors and provide recommendations for the health care institution and health care professionals focusing on patients' mental health aspects.

Our study aimed to identify pathways from the source of information to the uptake of cancer genetic testing, with consideration of intermediate variables including perceptional, attitudinal and psychosocial factors. We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (2020 database) and constructed a structural equation model for pathway analysis (using SPSS version 24). Variables for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health information were also collected and used for confounding adjustment. A total of 2941 participants were analyzed (68.5%, non-Hispanic white; 59.7%, females; 58 years, median age; and 142 (4.8%) had undertaken genetic testing for cancer risk previously). Our pathway analysis found that only information from particular sources (i.e., healthcare providers and genetic counsellors) had positive and significant effects on people's perceptions of cancer regarding its prevention, detection and treatment (standardized β range, 0.15–0.31, all p-values < 0.01). Following the paths, these perceptional variables (cancer prevention, detection and treatment) showed considerable positive impacts on the uptake of genetic testing (standardized β (95% CIs): 0.25 (0.20, 0.30), 0.28 (0.23, 0.33) and 0.12 (0.06, 0.17), respectively). Pathways involving attitudinal and psychosocial factors showed much smaller or insignificant effects on the uptake of genetic testing. Our study brings several novel perspectives to the behavior model and may underpin certain issues regarding cancer risk genetic testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of workplace psychosocial items on cognitive failures and their indirect effects on cognitive failures through the mediator variable of accident proneness, which has not yet been studied by others. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate these paths. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 male employees of Karoon Sugar Company in 2018. The participants were asked to complete a background and demographic questionnaire, Broadbent cognitive failures scale, accident proneness questionnaire, and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed and modeled using the statistical descriptive method, ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and path analysis in the SPSS and AMOS software. Results The results of the path analysis showed that, not only, some psychosocial risk items had a significant direct effect on cognitive failures, but also, they could affect cognitive failures through the accident proneness, indirectly. Work-family conflict and social support from supervisors by coefficients of 0.188 and – 0.187 had the highest direct effects, respectively. The highest indirect effects belonged to justice and respect, and work-family conflict by coefficients of - 0.220 and 0.199, respectively. The highest total effects were also related to the work-family conflict and justice and respect by coefficients of 0.387 and – 0.381, respectively. Conclusions In total, our results showed that some psychological items could, directly and indirectly, increase cognitive failure through accident proneness.

Objective: To describe the quality of life and daily functioning of Spanish children and adolescents living with Stickler syndrome (SS) and to estimate the prevalence of associated disease features in a representative sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with SS were recruited via telephone calls through the Spanish SS Association. All participants underwent a structured clinical interview and filled in questionnaires reporting their quality of life (EuroQol-5D, TSK-11, CHAQ and PedsQoL). The prevalence of the main features associated with the syndrome and the mean scores of the questionnaires were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The recruited sample included 26 persons who were mainly children (mean age 10.4 ± 4.5 (SD) range: 5–14) and male (65.4%). The prevalence estimates of SS features were as follows: the presence of moderate pain (52%), hearing loss 67% (95% CI: 54.8 to 91.3) and myopia 96% (95% CI: 87.2 to 104.4). The mean scores of the QoL indices were as follows: 22.4 (95% CI: 19.2 to 25.5) (±7.5) for TSK-11; 76.2 (95% CI: 68.8 to 83.6) (±17.1) for PedsQoL, 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7 to 0.9) (±0.3) for EQ-5D and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.24 to 1.0) (±0.9) for the cHAQ functional index. Conclusions: Our results confirmed a high variability in syndrome-related manifestations, with a large prevalence of visual and hearing deficits, pain and maxillofacial alterations. These findings may facilitate the detection of the most prevalent problems in this population, which could be a target to be addressed during the treatment of children and adolescents with SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is recommended for the improvement of some pain-related symptoms and for antidepressant treatment, on the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). We searched for studies comparing rTMS and sham rTMS in the M1 of FM patients. Pain intensity, quality of life, health status, and depression were compared with or without rTMS for at least 10 sessions. We searched four databases. Quality assessment and quantitative analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4. After screening, five randomized controlled trials of 170 patients with FM were included in the analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis of rTMS on the M1 of individuals with FM, high-frequency rTMS resulted in a significant improvement on quality of life (MD = −2.50; 95% CI: −3.99 to −1.01) compared with sham rTMS. On the other hand, low-frequency rTMS resulted in a significant improvement on health status (MD = 15.02; 95% CI: 5.59 to 24.45). The application of rTMS to the M1 is proposed as an adjunctive measure in the treatment of individuals with FM. Because rTMS has various effects depending on each application site, it is necessary to classify sites or set frequencies as variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the prevalence and nature of paraphilic interests in the Hong Kong young adult population. This study explores the psychosocial factors associated with paraphilic interests. Methods: Testing the propositions of several criminological theories (i.e., the theories of self-control, general strain, social learning, social control, and routine activity), the study recruited 1171 participants (18–40 years old), from September 2018 through April 2020, to examine both general and 14 subtypes of paraphilic interest (i.e., voyeurism, exhibitionism, scatologia, fetishism, transvestic fetishism, frotteurism, sadism, masochism, biastophilia, urophilia, scatophilia, hebephilia, pedophilia, and zoophilia). Results: The findings indicate that males reported significantly higher levels of general and 12 subtypes of paraphilic interest than females, while females had a higher level of transvestic fetishism than males. No mean difference is found between males and females in interest in masochism. Relative to females, males reported significantly higher levels of negative temperament, alcohol and drug use, and risky sexual behavior, whereas females had higher levels of self-control, social bonds, and perceived neighborhood disorganization than males. Multivariate analyses indicate that in general, high levels of negative temperament, alcohol and drug use, risky sexual behavior, and perceived neighborhood disorganization and low levels of self-control and social bonds were important factors associated with the participants' likelihood of having general and 14 subtypes of paraphilic interest. Conclusions: These findings provide support to the significant role of psychosocial factors in understanding different paraphilic interests in the Hong Kong young adult population. Policy Implications: This study has implications for practice, in the form of reducing, if not eliminating, the tendency to develop an interest in paraphilic behaviors. This may be more important when referring to paraphilic behaviors that are criminally oriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has multiple health benefits, current participation in recommended MVPA level and its determinants among Japanese children and adolescents remain unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of meeting recommended MVPA level and its correlates among Japanese children and adolescents. Methods: Using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey questionnaire, we confirmed the prevalence of meeting recommended MVPA level in all primary schools (PS) and junior high schools (JHS) in Unnan City, Japan. We evaluated its association with school grade, gender, body weight status, screen time, consumption of breakfast, physical activity (PA) preference, and population density using Poisson regression. Results: We found that 20.1% of the 1,794 students (9–15 years old) met the WHO recommendation. Meeting recommended MVPA level was significantly associated with being in the sixth grade of PS (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.84) and first (PR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–1.99), second (PR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.10–1.90), and third grade of JHS (PR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26–0.62) (vs fourth grade of PS); being a boy (PR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12–1.59) (vs girl); liking PA (PR 3.72; 95% CI, 2.22–6.22) (vs dislike); and belonging to a medium-population-density (PR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61–0.88) or low-population-density area (PR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48–0.94) (vs high-population-density area). Conclusions: About 20% of Japanese children and adolescents engaged in the recommended MVPA level. MVPA was associated with grade, gender, preference for PA, and population density.

OBJECTIVES: Evidence shows that work-time control (WTC) affects health but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Work-life interference (WLI) might be a step on the causal pathway. The present study examined whether WLI mediates effects on mental and physical health and contrasted these to other causal pathways. METHODS: Four biennial waves from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, N=26 804) were used. Cross-lagged analyses were conducted to estimate if WLI mediated effects from WTC (differentiating between control over daily hours and time off) to subsequent depressive and musculoskeletal symptoms. Other causal directions (reversed mediation, direct and reversed direct effects) and robustness of mediation (by including covariates) were examined. RESULTS: WLI partially mediated the relationship of WTC (control over daily hours/time off) with both health outcomes. Indirect effect estimates were small for depressive symptoms (-0.053 for control over time off and -0.018 for control over daily hours) and very small for musculoskeletal symptoms (-0.007 and -0.003, respectively). While other causal directions were generally weaker than causal mediational pathways, they played a larger role for musculoskeletal compared to depressive symptoms. Estimates relating to control over time off were in general larger than for control over daily hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that WLI mediates part of the effect from WTC to mental/musculoskeletal symptoms, but small estimates suggest that (i) WTC plays a small but consistent role in effects on health and (ii) particularly regarding musculoskeletal disorders, other causal directions and mediators need to be further examined.

© 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. Introduction and Aims: Injecting drugs in the neck has been related to adverse health conditions such as jugular vein thrombosis, deep neck infections, aneurysm, haematomas, airway obstruction, vocal cord paralysis and wound botulism, among others. We identified prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico. Design and Methods: Beginning in 2011, PWID aged ≥18 years who injected drugs within the last month were recruited into a prospective cohort. At baseline and semi-annually, PWID completed interviewer-administered surveys soliciting data on drug-injecting practices. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of injecting in the neck as the most frequent injection site at a single visit. Results: Of 380 PWID, 35.3% injected in the neck at least once in the past 6 months, among whom 71.6% reported it as their most common injection site, the most common injecting site after the arms (47%). Controlling for age, years injecting and injecting frequency, injecting heroin and methamphetamine two or more times per day and having sought injection assistance were associated with injecting in the neck [adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27-3.53 and AOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.52-4.53 respectively]. Discussion and Conclusions: Injecting in the neck was very common among PWID in Tijuana and was associated with polydrug use and seeking injection assistance. Tailoring harm reduction education interventions for individuals who provide injection assistance ('hit doctors') may allow for the dissemination of safe injecting knowledge to reduce injection-related morbidity and mortality. [Rafful C, Wagner KD, Werb D, González-Zúñiga PE, Verdugo S, Rangel G, Strathdee SA. Prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.

© 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. Introduction and Aims: Injecting drugs in the neck has been related to adverse health conditions such as jugular vein thrombosis, deep neck infections, aneurysm, haematomas, airway obstruction, vocal cord paralysis and wound botulism, among others. We identified prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico. Design and Methods: Beginning in 2011, PWID aged ≥18 years who injected drugs within the last month were recruited into a prospective cohort. At baseline and semi-annually, PWID completed interviewer-administered surveys soliciting data on drug-injecting practices. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of injecting in the neck as the most frequent injection site at a single visit. Results: Of 380 PWID, 35.3% injected in the neck at least once in the past 6 months, among whom 71.6% reported it as their most common injection site, the most common injecting site after the arms (47%). Controlling for age, years injecting and injecting frequency, injecting heroin and methamphetamine two or more times per day and having sought injection assistance were associated with injecting in the neck [adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27-3.53 and AOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.52-4.53 respectively]. Discussion and Conclusions: Injecting in the neck was very common among PWID in Tijuana and was associated with polydrug use and seeking injection assistance. Tailoring harm reduction education interventions for individuals who provide injection assistance ('hit doctors') may allow for the dissemination of safe injecting knowledge to reduce injection-related morbidity and mortality. [Rafful C, Wagner KD, Werb D, González-Zúñiga PE, Verdugo S, Rangel G, Strathdee SA. Prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.

Background: Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms commonly coexist and severely increases the disease burden worldwide. Little is known about the patterns and correlates of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms among the multiethnic populations of China.Methods: This population-based study investigated the comprehensive associations of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms with lifestyles, stressful life events, chronic diseases, and physical and mental well-being among 93,078 participants (37,193 men, 55,885 women) aged 30–79 years across seven ethnic groups in Southwest China. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.Results: Overall, 2.9% (2.1% in men and 3.5% in women) participants had comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms; there was considerable heterogeneity among multiethnic populations. Participants with chronic diseases were more likely to have comorbidity than those without them; people with rheumatic heart disease reported the highest risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.25 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.06–9.62. Having experienced 3 or more stressful life events (OR, 8.43, 95% CI: 7.27–9.77), very poor self-rated health status (OR, 33.60, 95%CI: 25.16–44.87), and very unsatisfied life (OR, 33.30, 95% CI: 23.73–46.74) had strong positive associations with comorbid depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, with a dose-response relationship (P < 0.05). High frequency of physical activity had negative associations. All the associations were stronger than depressive symptoms alone or anxiety symptoms alone.Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the need to focus on the vulnerable ethnic groups with comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, ultimate for help early prevention and improvement of health equity in the underdevelopment and high urbanization areas.

Background: Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of workplace psychosocial items on cognitive failures and their indirect effects on cognitive failures through the mediator variable of accident proneness, which has not yet been studied by others. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate these paths. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 male employees of Karoon Sugar Company in 2018. The participants were asked to complete a background and demographic questionnaire, Broadbent cognitive failures scale, accident proneness questionnaire, and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed and modeled using the statistical descriptive method, ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and path analysis in the SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The results of the path analysis showed that, not only, some psychosocial risk items had a significant direct effect on cognitive failures, but also, they could affect cognitive failures through the accident proneness, indirectly. Work-family conflict and social support from supervisors by coefficients of 0.188 and – 0.187 had the highest direct effects, respectively. The highest indirect effects belonged to justice and respect, and work-family conflict by coefficients of - 0.220 and 0.199, respectively. The highest total effects were also related to the work-family conflict and justice and respect by coefficients of 0.387 and – 0.381, respectively. Conclusions: In total, our results showed that some psychological items could, directly and indirectly, increase cognitive failure through accident proneness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Knee arthroplasty (KA) is an effective and cost-effective treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Despite high surgical success rates, as many as 25% of patients report compromised postoperative functioning, persistent pain, and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of psychological factors in health functioning and quality of life, during a 6-month period after KA. Design A prospective observational study. Setting Surgery at two hospitals and follow-up was carried out through the domiciliary rehabilitation service. Subjects In total, 89 patients (age 70.27 ± 7.99 years) met the inclusion criteria. Method A test battery composed of Health functioning associated with osteoarthritis (WOMAC), Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), Anxiety and Depression (HADS), Pain attitudes (SOPA-B), Pain catastrophizing (PCS), and Fear of Movement (TSK-11) was assessed at 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. A mixed effects linear model was used to estimate the effect of time and covariates. An exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the number of dimensions underlying the group of psychological measurements. Results In WOMAC model, anxiety level (F = 120.8), PCS (F = 103.9), depression level (F = 93.6) and pain score (F = 72.8) were the most influential variables. Regarding EQ-5D-5L model, anxiety level (F = 98.5), PCS (F = 79.8), depression level (F = 78.3) and pain score (F = 45) were the most influential variables. Pain score and the psychosocial variables of PCS, TSK, HADS-A, HADS-D, SOPA-B Emotion, SOPA-B Harm and SOPA-B Disability loaded in one single dimension. Conclusions Postoperative acute pain and psychosocial factors of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and pain attitudes might influence health functioning and quality of life during KA rehabilitation. Such factors could be gathered into one single dimension defined as pain-related psychologic distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast Cancer is the most complex treatment in the present scenario. When the patient is diagnosed with breast cancer, it affects patients' psychosocial condition. During the treatment process, patients suffer from depression, loss of hope, stress and other associated psychological issues. This study suggests that psychosocial factors are highly significant for persons with breast cancer. This paper also discusses the methodology of the study, level of psychological factors and provide recommendations for the health care institution and health care professionals focusing on patients' mental health aspects.

Objective: To describe the quality of life and daily functioning of Spanish children and adolescents living with Stickler syndrome (SS) and to estimate the prevalence of associated disease features in a representative sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with SS were recruited via telephone calls through the Spanish SS Association. All participants underwent a structured clinical interview and filled in questionnaires reporting their quality of life (EuroQol-5D, TSK-11, CHAQ and PedsQoL). The prevalence of the main features associated with the syndrome and the mean scores of the questionnaires were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The recruited sample included 26 persons who were mainly children (mean age 10.4 ± 4.5 (SD) range: 5–14) and male (65.4%). The prevalence estimates of SS features were as follows: the presence of moderate pain (52%), hearing loss 67% (95% CI: 54.8 to 91.3) and myopia 96% (95% CI: 87.2 to 104.4). The mean scores of the QoL indices were as follows: 22.4 (95% CI: 19.2 to 25.5) (±7.5) for TSK-11; 76.2 (95% CI: 68.8 to 83.6) (±17.1) for PedsQoL, 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7 to 0.9) (±0.3) for EQ-5D and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.24 to 1.0) (±0.9) for the cHAQ functional index. Conclusions: Our results confirmed a high variability in syndrome-related manifestations, with a large prevalence of visual and hearing deficits, pain and maxillofacial alterations. These findings may facilitate the detection of the most prevalent problems in this population, which could be a target to be addressed during the treatment of children and adolescents with SS.

This study compared the physical and mental health problems of adults with standard and nonstandard employment with those who were unemployed. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to compare adult males and females with standard and nonstandard employment with those who were unemployed. Relative to adults with standard employment, higher proportions of unemployed individuals were women, older, had low monthly incomes, and had mental health problems. Compared to men and women with standard employment, unemployed men and women had greater risk of reporting depressive feelings (OR = 1.683, 95% CI = 1.298–2.183; OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.179–1.709) and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.218, 95% CI = 1.682–2.928; OR = 1.250, 95% CI = 1.020–1.530). Among workers with nonstandard employment, there were gender differences in the risk for arthritis. Unemployed individuals also had a higher risk of mental health problems than nonstandard workers. In conclusion, the unemployed were more vulnerable to mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Many studies have shown that lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity are related to the incidence of cancer. However, there are few studies on the association between lifestyle factors and cancer prognosis. To investigate the influence of lifestyle factors and psychosocial factors on prognosis, we started a prospective study of women with breast cancer, the Rainbow of KIBOU study-Breast (ROK Study-B) in 2007. As of February 2018, more than 6300 women have been enrolled, thus making this one of the world’s largest cancer patient cohort studies. Based on the know-how obtained from this study, we started another new cohort study for colorectal cancer patient (ROK Study-C). Methods The ROK Study-C is a prospective observational study for colorectal cancer survivors at the National Cancer Center Hospital. Participants fill in several self-administrated questionnaires about lifestyle, psychosocial factors (including posttraumatic growth and benefit finding, support), and quality of life (QOL) 5 times in total: at diagnosis, 3 and 6 months, 1 and 5 years after surgery. CT-scans will be collected to assess body composition and obesity. We also use blood and cancer tissue from the Biobank. The primary endpoint is disease-free survival. The secondary endpoints are overall survival and health-related QOL. The planned sample size is 2000 and the follow-up period is 5 years after the last enrollment. Discussion Recruitment began in December 2015 and the study is still ongoing. The ROK Study-C will contribute to improvements in patient prognosis and yield important evidence for colorectal cancer survivorship.

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) are two key modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Achieving change in these behaviours is challenging and affected by many variables including psychosocial factors. We aimed to investigate the association between social support, stress and mood, and change in PA and FVI following provision of CVD risk information and web-based lifestyle advice. Methods Seven hundred sixteen blood donors (56% male; mean age 57 years) from the intervention arms of the Information and Risk Modification (INFORM) trial, a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of providing CVD risk and web-based lifestyle information, were analysed as a prospective cohort. We used linear and logistic regression analyses to quantify the association between social support, stress and mood at baseline and behaviour change following the intervention. We modelled objective (average acceleration measured by Axivity AX3 wrist-worn accelerometers and plasma carotenoid levels) and subjective (self-reported recreational PA and FVI) outcomes as change between baseline and 12 weeks follow-up. Results There was no clear association between social support and change in objective or subjective PA. Higher levels of stress and, to a lesser extent, depression symptoms were associated with smaller improvement in self-reported PA (β -1.53 h/week vigorous PA, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.30 to -0.75, p

Objective: The aim of this review is to analyze studies that focus on assessing the quality of life of patients with heart failure in terms of various factors that might have an influence on it and thus are an important source of knowledge having clinically relevant value to general practitioners. Methods: Pubmed, Cinahl and Medline databases were used for the search. The studies searched for the aim of this review were those published from 2014–2019 in Czech and English, available in full-text and evaluating the quality of life of patients with heart failure by using a tool designed to assess the quality of life. This review includes studies which assess the quality of life in relation to the factors that might have an influence on the quality of life of these patients. Study protocols and qualitative studies were excluded from this review. Studies focusing on other diseases apart from heart failure were excluded as well. Results: This review includes 10 studies that may be thematically classified into 3 categories: studies relating to the frailty, socio-demographic factors, and psychosocial aspects. Variables such as anxiety, depression, and frailty frequently appeared in presented studies. Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) was the most frequent tool used for assessing quality of life. Conclusion: Heart failure is significantly associated with impairment of all the aspects of the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to identify problem areas that might potentially impair the quality of life of patients with heart failure. It is important to look for methods that could improve the quality of life of these patients, too. Knowledge of the factors affecting the quality of life of these patients is crucial for general practitioners, since they are the first to be contacted by the patient seeking health care and they are responsible for sending them to other specialized departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Evidence shows that work-time control (WTC) affects health but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Work-life interference (WLI) might be a step on the causal pathway. The present study examined whether WLI mediates effects on mental and physical health and contrasted these to other causal pathways. Methods Four biennial waves from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, N=26 804) were used. Cross-lagged analyses were conducted to estimate if WLI mediated effects from WTC (differentiating between control over daily hours and time off) to subsequent depressive and musculoskeletal symptoms. Other causal directions (reversed mediation, direct and reversed direct effects) and robustness of mediation (by including covariates) were examined. Results WLI partially mediated the relationship of WTC (control over daily hours/time off) with both health outcomes. Indirect effect estimates were small for depressive symptoms (-0.053 for control over time off and -0.018 for control over daily hours) and very small for musculoskeletal symptoms (-0.007 and -0.003, respectively). While other causal directions were generally weaker than causal mediational pathways, they played a larger role for musculoskeletal compared to depressive symptoms. Estimates relating to control over time off were in general larger than for control over daily hours. Conclusions Our results suggest that WLI mediates part of the effect from WTC to mental/musculoskeletal symptoms, but small estimates suggest that (i) WTC plays a small but consistent role in effects on health and (ii) particularly regarding musculoskeletal disorders, other causal directions and mediators need to be further examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Few epidemiological studies have examined whether associations of psychosocial working conditions with risk of poor health differ by age. Based on results from mostly cross-sectional studies, we test whether (i) psychosocial relational factors (social support) are more strongly associated with declining health of older than younger employees and (ii) psychosocial job factors (workpace, influence, possibilities for development) are more strongly associated with declining health of younger than older employees. METHODS: We extracted two cohorts from the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS): the 2000–2005 and 2005–2010 cohorts. The participating 5281 employees with good self-rated health (SRH) at baseline were observed in 6585 5-year time windows. Using log-binomial regression analyses, we analysed whether psychosocial factors at work predicted 5-year deterioration of SRH. Effect modification by age was estimated by calculating relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). RESULTS: High workpace among men, low influence at work as well as low social support from colleagues among women, and low possibilities for development and low social support from supervisors among both genders predicted 5-year decline in SRH. Of the 20 interaction analyses, only 1 was statistically significant and in the opposite direction of what was hypothesized (higher risk for declining SRH among middle-aged men with low possibilities for development compared to the young men with high possibilities for development). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial working conditions predicted decline in SRH in this 5-year follow-up study. The model did not support our hypotheses about modifying effects by age.

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to validate the Japanese version of the family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB-J) measure. FSSB is conceptualized as a multidimensional, superordinate construct constituted of four dimensions: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work–family management.MethodsThe Japanese translated and back-translated FSSB-J questionnaire was administered to 1,670 men and women aged 20–59 years who were registered with a Japanese online survey company in November 2017. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the FSSB-J. Cross-time measurement invariance was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was assessed with the potential consequences of FSSB (e.g., work–family spillover, work engagement, intention to leave, job satisfaction, and psychological distress) and convergent validity was assessed using similar concepts (e.g., organizational justice and social support). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined to evaluate the reliability of the four dimensions of the FSSB.ResultsA series of confirmatory factor analyses using the multiple-group method revealed that the four-factor model fitted the data best. The latent factor structure demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across time. Construct and convergent validity were generally in line with expectations. Cronbach’s α coefficient and test–retest reliability were sufficient for each of the four dimensions of the FSSB.ConclusionThis study suggests that FSSB-J is an adequate measure of FSSB in the Japanese context.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to validate the Japanese version of the family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB-J) measure. FSSB is conceptualized as a multidimensional, superordinate construct constituted of four dimensions: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work–family management. Methods: The Japanese translated and back-translated FSSB-J questionnaire was administered to 1,670 men and women aged 20–59 years who were registered with a Japanese online survey company in November 2017. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the FSSB-J. Cross-time measurement invariance was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was assessed with the potential consequences of FSSB (e.g., work–family spillover, work engagement, intention to leave, job satisfaction, and psychological distress) and convergent validity was assessed using similar concepts (e.g., organizational justice and social support). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined to evaluate the reliability of the four dimensions of the FSSB. Results: A series of confirmatory factor analyses using the multiple-group method revealed that the four-factor model fitted the data best. The latent factor structure demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across time. Construct and convergent validity were generally in line with expectations. Cronbach's α coefficient and test–retest reliability were sufficient for each of the four dimensions of the FSSB. Conclusion: This study suggests that FSSB-J is an adequate measure of FSSB in the Japanese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, education in the 21st century emphasizes learners to have learning skills. Therefore, learning behaviors by constructionism is important. The purposes of this comparative correlational research were to investigate the prediction power of factors in learning behaviors through constructionism in terms of the psychological and social factors. The samples consisted of four hundred and five students who studied in the Secondary School of the Secondary Educational Service Area, Office 33 of Thailand. There were nine research instruments, in the form of summated rating scales; the reliability with the alpha coefficients was between .85 to .96. The data was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis solution illustrated the important factors and predictions for learning behaviors by constructionism at 52.4%, by the self-learning habits, positive attitudes towards learning behaviors by constructionism and relationship with friends with a beta of .532, .170 and .099; respectively, (p<.05). The results from this study can shed the light on the development of students’ learning behaviors by constructionism and can be a basis for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological factors have been reported to affect chronic pain and may lead to inactivity after total knee arthroplasty. This study aimed to determine whether the use of an activity diary for goal setting during occupational therapy would reduce pain, and improve psychological and physical performance in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 41 total knee arthroplasty participants from two cohorts were recruited in the study and allocated by convenience to either the experimental group using an activity diary (n = 20) or the control group (n = 21). Occupational therapy intervention (1–2 weeks postoperatively) to promote goal achievement was performed in both groups, and self-monitoring was performed in the diary group by using the activity diary. The outcome indices were Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, pain (resting pain, walking pain), pain catastrophizing (rumination, helplessness, and magnification), anxiety, depression, pain self-efficacy, and physical activity level. Data were evaluated by using analysis of variance analyses with post hoc tests. Results: A time-by-group interaction emerged for Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, walking pain, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and physical activity level (p < 0.05), both favouring the diary group. The diary group also showed greater improvement in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, walking pain, anxiety, and physical activity levels at four weeks postoperatively, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of the activity diary in this study increased occupational therapy effectiveness, reduced patients' pain, and prevented a decline in physical performance. We believe that the use of an activity diary is an effective and feasible addition for total knee arthroplasty patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]