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Background: Caring for dying patients is associated with psychological trauma, strong emotions and enormous stress for nursing staff and nursing students who are reliable health care providers in such difficult situations. Nursing students involved in End-of –life care need to work through these emotions during clinical placements. This study explored the lived experiences of nursing students caring for the dying patients at Mulago national referral hospital. Methods: An explorative study was conducted using in-depth interviews among fifteen 3rd and 4th year undergraduate nursing students of Makerere University college of Health sciences. Data was audio recorded, verbatim transcribed and thematically analyzed using Atlas. ti version 6 software. Findings: Two themes emerged from students' narratives of their emotional and psychological experiences while caring for dying patients; (1) Psychological and emotional reactions, (2) Coping mechanisms. The sub-themes under Psychological and emotional reactions were; feelings of anger, triggers of anxiety symptoms, triggers of sadness and guilt feelings. The sub themes under coping mechanisms were; peer to peer support through interacting with each other about the experiences, engagement in problem solving, distancing from patients, spirituality and engaging in personal stress reducing activities. Conclusion: Nursing students experience various negative psychological and emotional reactions but devise different coping mechanisms to overcome them. There is need for development of clear guidelines on orientation of nursing students caring for dying patients, emphasis on building their emotional intelligence and more research on effectiveness of end of life educational interventions to mitigate the anticipated negative psychological and emotional reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Caring for dying patients is associated with psychological trauma, strong emotions and enormous stress for nursing staff and nursing students who are reliable health care providers in such difficult situations. Nursing students involved in End-of –life care need to work through these emotions during clinical placements. This study explored the lived experiences of nursing students caring for the dying patients at Mulago national referral hospital. Methods An explorative study was conducted using in-depth interviews among fifteen 3rd and 4th year undergraduate nursing students of Makerere University college of Health sciences. Data was audio recorded, verbatim transcribed and thematically analyzed using Atlas. ti version 6 software. Findings Two themes emerged from students’ narratives of their emotional and psychological experiences while caring for dying patients; (1) Psychological and emotional reactions, (2) Coping mechanisms. The sub-themes under Psychological and emotional reactions were; feelings of anger, triggers of anxiety symptoms, triggers of sadness and guilt feelings. The sub themes under coping mechanisms were; peer to peer support through interacting with each other about the experiences, engagement in problem solving, distancing from patients, spirituality and engaging in personal stress reducing activities. Conclusion Nursing students experience various negative psychological and emotional reactions but devise different coping mechanisms to overcome them. There is need for development of clear guidelines on orientation of nursing students caring for dying patients, emphasis on building their emotional intelligence and more research on effectiveness of end of life educational interventions to mitigate the anticipated negative psychological and emotional reactions.

Abstract Background Patient safety incidents are unavoidable and nurses, as parties involved, become second victims due to the incident itself and the way it is handled. In China, reconstructing the course of events is a crucial step in the aftermath of the incident; however, its impact on the emotional well-being of the second victim remains unclear. Purpose The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the psychological experiences and current conditions of nurses who act as second victims during the process of reconstructing the sequence of events. Additionally, the study aims to provide justifications for supporting these individuals. Methods An exploratory mixed research method was adopted to understand the emotional experience of the second victim when reconstructing the passage of the incident through qualitative research. Fourteen nurses with experience as second victims were selected for semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling according to the maximum difference sampling strategy. Through quantitative research, we explored the negative psychology and support needs of the second victims when they reverted to the incident, and a self-developed questionnaire (the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.895) was used to survey 3,394 nurses with experiences as second victims in 11 tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province. Results In the qualitative part of the study, the emotional experience of the second victim’s reconstruction of the course of events after a patient safety incident could be categorized into 3 themes: negative views as initial psychological impact, avoidance as part of psychological impact, and expectations and growth in overcoming negative psychological impact. The quantitative part of the study revealed that the emotions of guilt and self-blame accounted for the highest percentage after a patient safety incident. The second victim presented a high score of 39.58 ± 5.45 for support requirements. Conclusion This study provides a better understanding of the true emotional experiences and the need for support of the second victim in the process of reconstructing the course of events. Following a patient safety incident, nursing administrators and healthcare institutions should consider the adverse psychological effects on the second victim, prioritize their support needs during the incident’s reconstruction, create a positive safety culture, and reduce the risk of secondary victimization for these individuals.

Background: Patient safety incidents are unavoidable and nurses, as parties involved, become second victims due to the incident itself and the way it is handled. In China, reconstructing the course of events is a crucial step in the aftermath of the incident; however, its impact on the emotional well-being of the second victim remains unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the psychological experiences and current conditions of nurses who act as second victims during the process of reconstructing the sequence of events. Additionally, the study aims to provide justifications for supporting these individuals. Methods: An exploratory mixed research method was adopted to understand the emotional experience of the second victim when reconstructing the passage of the incident through qualitative research. Fourteen nurses with experience as second victims were selected for semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling according to the maximum difference sampling strategy. Through quantitative research, we explored the negative psychology and support needs of the second victims when they reverted to the incident, and a self-developed questionnaire (the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895) was used to survey 3,394 nurses with experiences as second victims in 11 tertiary hospitals in Shanxi Province. Results: In the qualitative part of the study, the emotional experience of the second victim's reconstruction of the course of events after a patient safety incident could be categorized into 3 themes: negative views as initial psychological impact, avoidance as part of psychological impact, and expectations and growth in overcoming negative psychological impact. The quantitative part of the study revealed that the emotions of guilt and self-blame accounted for the highest percentage after a patient safety incident. The second victim presented a high score of 39.58 ± 5.45 for support requirements. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the true emotional experiences and the need for support of the second victim in the process of reconstructing the course of events. Following a patient safety incident, nursing administrators and healthcare institutions should consider the adverse psychological effects on the second victim, prioritize their support needs during the incident's reconstruction, create a positive safety culture, and reduce the risk of secondary victimization for these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Having children has always been the best way to complete the family and evolve the couple's identity. Couples who were unable to have children due to infertility have used alternative paths. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological experiences of infertile couples with adopted children in Yazd. Methods : This study was of a qualitative type, with an exploratory nature. 18 infertile couples suffering from hormonal disorders, anatomical problems, infections and old age in women and sperm disorders and infections in men, who did not have children and had adopted children through the welfare of Yazd city, were identified in 1401 by targeted sampling method. And with a semi -structured interview, their information was collected, recorded and recorded and reached complete saturation. Rusults: The analysis of the lived experiences of the participants showed that out of a total of 154 semantic units, 10 main themes were obtained: accepting the role of parenting; infertility difficulties; encouraging the idea of adoption; difficulties and failures following adoption; Successes and facilitators following adoption; educational challenges and characteristics of adopted children; experiencing a crisis when a child enters the house; interactions with others; and matching tools; psychological changes in family life and relationships. Conclusion: Psychological changes in life and family relationships are one of the most important experiences of infertile couples. Lack of awareness and treatment can cause problems for the mental health of couples. It is suggested that therapists and counselors interpret the life experiences and psychological changes of people more deeply and use the themes obtained in this research in therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global COVID-19 pandemic affected patients' mental health and well-being, however subjective psychological experiences of the patients treated at home were not adequately addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological experiences of COVID-19 patients who received home treatments, in Turkey. The experiences of COVID-19 patients (n = 26) were examined within the stages of pre-disease, disease, and post-disease by following a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted via telephone and the internet and analyzed according to the Miles and Huberman model. Low-risk perception and worry fluctuations dominate in the pre-disease stage among those who were affected by the disease. Patients experienced challenging psychological experiences such as isolation, anxiety, concerns for beloved ones, and stigmatization during the treatment. As a result of these strains, their symptomatic, instrumental, and psychological needs became evident. When the disease was overcome, many patients achieved post-disease strength along with some psychological changes in their lives. Psychological experiences according to the stages of the disease can be an important indicator for mental health interventions in public health and medical social services to be provided in possible future pandemics and for the establishment of social adjustement of patients. Future research is required that can guide social services that examine the in the short and long term mental health of COVID-19 patients in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to prevailing views in neuroscience, near-death experiences (NDE) occurring after severe head trauma, critical illness, or coma are often life-transforming experiences in which no awareness or sensory experience of any kind is possible. Although there are general patterns, each case is quite different from the other and requires accurate recording and reporting to potentially explain the phenomenon. Aim: This narrative study aimed to explore a pregnant woman's NDE due to complications from MERS-CoV. Methods: This was a qualitative narrative study with the administration of two unstructured interviews. After the second interview, the participant completed the Greyson NDE scale, presented through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using Labov's model of narrative analysis through abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda. Results: The Greyson scale resulted in a total score of 12, confirming that the patient had experienced an NDE. Labov's model of narrative analysis revealed that the patient's experience was not limited to the NDE but had implications for her recovery and life. The patient experienced all three types of NDEs: out-of-body, transcendental, including the transition of consciousness to another dimension, and a combined experience. She also suffered from prolonged hallucinations, neuropathy, and post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). At the same time, the patient experienced what is known as NDE aftereffects, which are caused by a change in beliefs and values; she began to lead a more altruistic life and became interested in the meaning of life. Conclusions: NDE survivors should be encouraged to talk more and share their stories with others if they wish. This study not only investigates the NDE but also considerably adds to the existing literature by integrating a unique cultural view from a country outside of the US and other Western nations, and it highlights the significant role of healthcare providers in NDEs and the importance of communication with comatose patients. It underscores the need for compassion when dealing with patients with NDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many adolescents and young adults, gambling can represent an attractive and exciting form of entertainment, a way to take risks and explore new experiences. However, gambling also poses a significant risk for this age group. Research suggests that adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of gambling, including addiction, financial difficulties, and mental health issues. This paper aims to critically examine data on adolescent and young adult gambling, focusing on the risk factors associated with gambling behavior. A total of 326 subjects (Mage = 19.01; SD =2.72), of whom 65.5% were female, completed a protocol containing a demographic sheet, the Lie/Bet Questionnaire, the Seven Domains Addiction Scale (7DAS), a subscale of the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Specifically, we explored the impact of sociodemographic, environmental, psychological, and cognitive factors on adolescent and young adult gambling behavior. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Abstract Aim To analyse the literature on nurses' psychological experiences caring for COVID‐19 patients, focusing on qualitative research. Design An integrative review. Review Methods Whittemore & Knafl's approach was used. Data Sources Six databases were searched using the terms ‘nurses’, ‘psychological experiences’ and ‘COVID‐19’. Results Ten studies were selected and analysed. Five characteristics related to nurses' negative psychological experiences, four characteristics related to positive psychological experiences and seven coping strategies of nurses were identified. Conclusion This study demonstrated the need for psychological, social, financial and organizational support for nurses to improve mental well‐being and the level of nursing care. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Orientation: Pay-for-performance (P4P) system is a crucial organisational strategy to retain and reward employees. However, it is not always well implemented. Research purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions and psychological experiences of employees about the implemented P4P system at a bank in Polokwane City in Limpopo province. Motivation for the study: The P4P system’s objective is to reward great performance. However, it might also be used to punish deserving employees while unjustly and unfairly rewarding the non-deserving employees, leading to negative perceptions and psychological experiences by other employees. Research approach/design and method: The study followed qualitative research design, therefore, the 10 conveniently sampled participants’ verbatim transcribed semi-structured interviews were analysed and interpreted from the interpretivist paradigm perspective to understand the lived experiences of the employees with regard to how the P4P is implemented at the bank. Content analysis was used to explore the deep, contextual meanings of the participants’ words and to extract themes and the subsequent subthemes. Main findings: The P4P system was perceived as a great but biased initiative and employees psychologically experienced betrayal and confusion, felt both motivated and demotivated and experienced the P4P as an uninspiring exercise. Practical/managerial implications: The bank should train line managers on how to conduct the appraisal session, more specifically on how to allocate a rating that ultimately determines the rewards. Multiple rating techniques usage and sensitivity training for the line managers might minimise the experienced bias and legitimise the P4P system at the bank. Ultimately, the bank should link performance targets with bonuses to enhance transparency, equity and perceived justice within the system. Contribution/value-add: The study makes important first, unique, practical and scientific contributions to employees’ perceptions and experiences (psychological experiences) of pay-for-performance in the banking sector. The study also provides valuable insights by exposing the challenges that limit the effectiveness of P4P in the banking sector.

Aim: The number of breast cancer patients is increasing, but there are insufficient sources of information for their family caregivers. The purpose of this systematic review was to elaborate the psychologically realistic experiences and corresponding needs of family members of patients with breast cancer in the course of their experience in the disease which may provide them with effective, targeted intervention strategies to improve their quality of life. Design: Protocol for a meta‐synthesis. Methods: We will search the Chinese databases (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database and Wanfang Database) and the English databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Qualitative studies from the above databases, studying the psychological experiences of family members of patients with breast cancer, will be searched comprehensively. The quality of the study will be evaluated by two reviewers independently using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for qualitative study, and any disagreements will be discussed and judged by the third reviewer. Data will be extracted using JBI standardized data extraction tool. Then, the literature will be compared and analysed, and the raw results summarized using the JBI meta‐aggregation tool. The reliability and credibility of the overall quality of the included studies will be assessed by using the JBI ConQual approach. Results: N/A. No Patient or Public Contribution. PROSPERO registration number: REDACTED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim The number of breast cancer patients is increasing, but there are insufficient sources of information for their family caregivers. The purpose of this systematic review was to elaborate the psychologically realistic experiences and corresponding needs of family members of patients with breast cancer in the course of their experience in the disease which may provide them with effective, targeted intervention strategies to improve their quality of life. Design Protocol for a meta‐synthesis. Methods We will search the Chinese databases (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database and Wanfang Database) and the English databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Qualitative studies from the above databases, studying the psychological experiences of family members of patients with breast cancer, will be searched comprehensively. The quality of the study will be evaluated by two reviewers independently using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for qualitative study, and any disagreements will be discussed and judged by the third reviewer. Data will be extracted using JBI standardized data extraction tool. Then, the literature will be compared and analysed, and the raw results summarized using the JBI meta‐aggregation tool. The reliability and credibility of the overall quality of the included studies will be assessed by using the JBI ConQual approach. Results N/A. No Patient or Public Contribution. PROSPERO registration number REDACTED.

For many adolescents and young adults, gambling can represent an attractive and exciting form of entertainment, a way to take risks and explore new experiences. However, gambling also poses a significant risk for this age group. Research suggests that adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of gambling, including addiction, financial difficulties, and mental health issues. This paper aims to critically examine data on adolescent and young adult gambling, focusing on the risk factors associated with gambling behavior. A total of 326 subjects (Mage = 19.01; SD =2.72), of whom 65.5% were female, completed a protocol containing a demographic sheet, the Lie/Bet Questionnaire, the Seven Domains Addiction Scale (7DAS), a subscale of the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Specifically, we explored the impact of sociodemographic, environmental, psychological, and cognitive factors on adolescent and young adult gambling behavior. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the literature on nurses' psychological experiences caring for COVID‐19 patients, focusing on qualitative research. Design: An integrative review. Review Methods: Whittemore & Knafl's approach was used. Data Sources: Six databases were searched using the terms 'nurses', 'psychological experiences' and 'COVID‐19'. Results: Ten studies were selected and analysed. Five characteristics related to nurses' negative psychological experiences, four characteristics related to positive psychological experiences and seven coping strategies of nurses were identified. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the need for psychological, social, financial and organizational support for nurses to improve mental well‐being and the level of nursing care. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare systems had an exceptionally difficult time during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse managers in particular made enormous contributions to ensuring the safety of patients and front-line nurses while being under excessive psychological stress. However, little is known about their experiences during this time. Objective: The aim of this study was thus to assess the level of stress overload and psychological feelings of nurse managers during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A mixed methods sequential explanatory design study with non-random convenience sampling was performed, following the STROBE and COREQ checklists. The study was conducted at the Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, with data collected from six provinces in southern China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan and Jiangxi) during March 2020 and June 2020. A total of 966 nurse managers completed the Stress Overload Scale and Work-Family Support Scale. In addition, a nested sample of nurse managers participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data were then analyzed using qualitative content analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: The quantitative results showed that nurse managers experienced a moderate level of stress load. There was a significant negative correlation between work-family support and stress load (r = -0.551, p < 0.01). Concerns about protecting front-line nurses and work-family support were the main factors affecting the stress load, which accounted for 34.0% of the total variation. Qualitative analysis identified four main thematic analyses that explained stress load: (1) great responsibility and great stress, (2) unprecedented stress-induced stress response, (3) invisible stress: the unknown was even more frightening, and (4) stress relief from love and support. Taken together these findings indicate that concern about protecting front-line nurses and negative work-family support of nurse managers were the main factors causing stress overload. Conclusion: Implementing measures focused on individual psychological adjustment combined with community and family support and belongingness is one potential strategy to reduce psychological stress among nurse managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modelling is a powerful tool that can be used to describe and understand complex real-world phenomena through the application of mathematical equations, algorithms, and simulations. Mathematical modelling of traffic flow plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the dynamics of vehicular movement on roads. Usual modelling of traffic flow is restricted to treating traffic as an inorganic system. In this work, we bring in another layer of parameters that can affect traffic - human behaviour. Here we argue that a mathematical model with behavioural components could provide a more real-world understanding of traffic flow. The primary aim of the research is to create a mathematical model that incorporates human behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Some individuals report a near-death experience (NDE) after a life-threatening crisis, which refers to a range of subjective experiences related to impending death. This experience is a phenomenon with transcendental elements, which leads to deep permanent changes in both the individual and the social lives of the NDEr's. Therefore, this study aims to reviewthe near-death experiences of individuals with different religious and cultural views. Methodology: This is a systematic analysis study. All the case report, case series and qualitative research studies which presented patients' NDE experiences were included in the study, without language restrictions, and in the period of 1980-2022. The stages of screening, selection, data extraction, and quality assessment have been gone through by two of the researchers. Data analysis and synthesis has been done qualitatively. JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Findings: After the initial search, 2,407 studies were included, 54 of which underwent final examination. The total number of the NDEr's in the studies was 465 men, women, and children. Among these studies, 27 were case reports, 20 were case series, and 7 were qualitative studies. Near-death experiences have been categorized into 4 main categories and 19 subcategories. The main categories include emotional experiences (2 subcategories), cognitive experiences (4 subcategories), spiritual and religious experiences (4 subcategories), and supernatural experiences [9 subcategories in two categories (out of body experiences, and supernatural and metaphysical perceptions)]. Conclusion: The most frequent near-death experiences were supernatural experiences, especially the experience of leaving the body. The basis and the content of the patterns mentioned by the NDEr's are similar, and the differences are in the explanation and the interpretation of the experience. There is a common core among them such as out-of-body experiences, passing through a tunnel, heightened senses, etc. Therefore, correct knowledge of near-death experiences leads to providing helpful answers to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectiveSome individuals report a near-death experience (NDE) after a life-threatening crisis, which refers to a range of subjective experiences related to impending death. This experience is a phenomenon with transcendental elements, which leads to deep permanent changes in both the individual and the social lives of the NDEr's. Therefore, this study aims to review the near-death experiences of individuals with different religious and cultural views.MethodologyThis is a systematic analysis study. All the case report, case series and qualitative research studies which presented patients' NDE experiences were included in the study, without language restrictions, and in the period of 1980–2022. The stages of screening, selection, data extraction, and quality assessment have been gone through by two of the researchers. Data analysis and synthesis has been done qualitatively. JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.FindingsAfter the initial search, 2,407 studies were included, 54 of which underwent final examination. The total number of the NDEr's in the studies was 465 men, women, and children. Among these studies, 27 were case reports, 20 were case series, and 7 were qualitative studies. Near-death experiences have been categorized into 4 main categories and 19 subcategories. The main categories include emotional experiences (2 subcategories), cognitive experiences (4 subcategories), spiritual and religious experiences (4 subcategories), and supernatural experiences [9 subcategories in two categories (out of body experiences, and supernatural and metaphysical perceptions)].ConclusionThe most frequent near-death experiences were supernatural experiences, especially the experience of leaving the body. The basis and the content of the patterns mentioned by the NDEr's are similar, and the differences are in the explanation and the interpretation of the experience. There is a common core among them such as out-of-body experiences, passing through a tunnel, heightened senses, etc. Therefore, correct knowledge of near-death experiences leads to providing helpful answers to patients.

Background: As the 2019 coronavirus spreads rapidly around the world, it has caused widespread fear and anxiety in various populations. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of COVID-19 on patients with this disease. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 11 patients with COVID-19 was recruited. Data were collected from the beginning of March to the beginning of June 2020 using semi-structured interviews and they were analyzed according to Van Manen's method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Initially, 315 codes were extracted. During data analysis and comparisons, the codes were reduced to 108. Ultimately, 10 categories, 38 subcategories, and 3 themes emerged. The theme of “behavioral responses” including 5 categories (Remorse, Fear and despair, Death anxiety, Growth, Support), “disease-caused helplessness” including two categories (Failure, Denial), and “decline of social networks” including three categories (Rejection, Stigma, Feeling guilty). Conclusions: After understanding the findings of this research, nurses working in the wards of patients with COVID-19 can better consider the importance of assessing and analyzing the psychological challenges and experiences of these patients during the course of illness and quarantine. Findings also enhance the identification and organization of training needs during such a pandemic and the design of nursing programs to meet them.

Due to identified mental health difficulties among populations worldwide, evidence-based mental health and psychosocial support interventions are recognized as a priority for the health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aim of this study was to provide in-depth understanding of the common experiences and psychological difficulties among the people affected by COVID-19. The study included 32 persons (28 females), with the average age of 38.5 (SD 13.2), those with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis or those whose family or friends were infected with COVID-19, receiving online psychological support from December 2020 to June 2021. Protocols of the support sessions were analysed by relying on the principles of thematic analysis. The study results showed that anxiety, somatization, sadness over the loss of close ones and guilt were the most prominent psychological difficulties among the people seeking psychological help during the pandemic. The main factors which made coping with psychological difficulties more challenging include previous life circumstances, uncertainty and the lack of social support. The study enabled greater understanding of the common experiences and most prominent psychological difficulties, and provided evidence which can be used as a foundation for the creation of more focused psychological programs that could support people during the pandemic.

The aim of this study was to explore experiences of homelessness in an affluent university town. Seven homeless men were recruited at a welfare program for homeless people to participate in in‐depth, semistructured interviews that explored their experiences of homelessness in the town. The ages of the participants ranged from 36 to 52 years. There were three White participants, two of mixed race, and two Black participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, from a bottom‐up systems perspective. The results revealed some of the participants' drug‐related experiences, their structural experiences (e.g., shelter policy, low wages, and the poverty trap), their social experiences (e.g., the loss of their families and the lack of social standards in the homeless community), and their psychological experiences (i.e., fatalism, complacency, and responsibility). Subsidized housing and social grants are unlikely to effectively address the homelessness of men if other components of their experience, such as their drug‐related experiences, their structural experiences, their social experiences, and their psychological experiences, are not attended to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the psychological experience and needs of female caregivers of stroke patients in rehabilitation period. Methods The phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 female caregivers of stroke patients. Results Based on the real experience of female caregivers during stroke rehabilitation period, four themes were extracted, including imbalance in physical and mental health, coping with multiple roles, insufficient of nursing information acquisition and lack of social support. Conclusion The feelings of female caregivers of patients in stroke rehabilitation stage are multi-dimensional, suggesting that we should pay attention to the mental health of female caregivers and guide them to seek positive coping styles, so as to provide better care for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. (目的 探讨脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者的照顾心理体验及需求。方法 采用现象学研究方法, 对12例脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者进行半结构式访谈, 采用质性研究的类属法进行整理和分析。结果 根据脑卒中康复期女性照顾者的真实体验提炼出4个主题: 身心健康失衡、多重角色应对失调、护理信息获取不足、社会支持缺乏。结论 脑卒中康复期患者的女性照顾者的感受呈现多维度, 提示应关注女性照顾者的心理健康, 引导其寻求积极的应对方式, 进而为脑卒中患者的康复提供更好的照护。)

Caregivers, whether a biological parent, adoptive parent, or a relative such as a grandparent, of adolescent with substance use disorder (SUD) undergo immense psychological and social strains, as they have to deal with substance habituated issues arising from their adolescent child. Caregivers often encounter many untold experiences while parenting adolescents on substance use. However, there is limited documentation of such experiences. A remarkable proportion of research has focused on adolescent substance use and the experiences of adolescents, whereas little attention has been paid to caregivers. This study explored the psychological experiences of caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with SUD. This was a qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews with 18 caregivers of adolescents with SUD conducted at a Youth Centre located in a national referral hospital and focused on the caregivers' psychological experiences. Data collected through in‐depth interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. Recurrent themes were analysed and reported. The study identified several themes in the experiences of caregivers of adolescents with SUDs. The main psychological experience was stress, whereas lasting psychological effects as well as difficult social outcomes as a result of substance use by the adolescent child were also identified. This study revealed the complex landscape of psychological turmoil that the caregivers have to navigate while caring for an adolescent diagnosed with SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: As the 2019 coronavirus spreads rapidly around the world, it has caused widespread fear and anxiety in various populations. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of COVID-19 on patients with this disease. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 11 patients with COVID-19 was recruited. Data were collected from the beginning of March to the beginning of June 2020 using semi-structured interviews and they were analyzed according to Van Manen's method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Initially, 315 codes were extracted. During data analysis and comparisons, the codes were reduced to 108. Ultimately, 10 categories, 38 subcategories, and 3 themes emerged. The theme of "behavioral responses" including 5 categories (Remorse, Fear and despair, Death anxiety, Growth, Support), "disease-caused helplessness" including two categories (Failure, Denial), and "decline of social networks" including three categories (Rejection, Stigma, Feeling guilty). Conclusions: After understanding the findings of this research, nurses working in the wards of patients with COVID-19 can better consider the importance of assessing and analyzing the psychological challenges and experiences of these patients during the course of illness and quarantine. Findings also enhance the identification and organization of training needs during such a pandemic and the design of nursing programs to meet them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCOVID-19 has been listed as an international public health emergency. During the pandemic, the nurses were affected physically and mentally when in contact with and caring for patients infected with COVID-19, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs).ObjectiveTo summarize and evaluate the actual psychological experience of nurses caring for patients with severe pneumonia in the ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRelevant publications were identified by systematic searches across 11 databases in December 2021. All qualitative and mixed-method studies in English and Chinese from 2019 that explored the experiences of nurses who cared for severe COVID-19 patients in ICUs were included. The qualitative meta-synthesis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and assessed the quality of each study. Meta-synthesis was performed to integrate the results.ResultsA total of 12 studies revealed 9 sub-themes and 3 descriptive themes: physical reactions and psychological changes, the need for support from multiple sources, and increased adaptation and resilience.ConclusionNurses who treated severe COVID-19 patients have experienced severe work trials and emotional reactions during the pandemic. They have also developed personally in this process. Managers should develop strategies that address the nurse's needs for external support, reasonably respond to public health emergencies, and improve nursing care outcomes.

BackgroundA large number of nurses across China joined the anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) front-line in Hubei province, where the local healthcare system faced unprecedented challenges in the early 2020. Few studies have reported the psychological experiences of nurses from other regions who voluntarily participated in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei province.AimTo describe the psychological experiences of nurses who were involved in the anti-COVID-19 pandemic battle in Hubei province from January to April 2020.MethodsThis was a qualitative descriptive study using purposive and snowball sampling strategies for participant recruitment. Twenty-four nurses were approached and twenty-one of them completed telephone interviews in April 2020. The interviews took an average of 75 min (range 34–140 min). Data were analyzed thematically after verbatim transcription of the interviews.ResultsOur analysis generated three primary themes: (I) Contexts; (II) Psychological responses; and (III) Coping strategies (most participants identified suitable coping strategies including relaxing activities and seeking social support). Participants' psychological responses varied in four phases of the journey through the experience: (i) initiation phase: obligations and concerns/fears; (ii) transition phase: from overwhelmed to increased confidence; (iii) adaptation phase: a sense of achievement and exhaustion; and (iv) completion phase: professional and personal growth.ConclusionNurses had concerns, fears, and faced challenges working on the COVID-19 front-line. However, they were motivated by a strong sense of professional commitment. Most nurses successfully achieved personal and professional growth as they identified a range of coping strategies. Future research is needed to explore the long-term impact of the COVID-19 related working experiences on these nurses.

Introduction: Caring for dying patients is associated with psychological trauma, strong emotions and enormous stress for nursing staff and nursing students who are relied on by patients and relatives in such difficult situations. Although nurses have an ability of self-control and calm approach towards death, there are still some emotions they need to "work through". Research studies have documented limited exposure of nursing students to end-of-life care and inadequate understanding of the psychological and emotional experiences they encounter during clinical placements. This study explored the psychological and emotional experiences of Ugandan student nurses on caring for the dying patients at Mulago national referral hospital during clinical placement., Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted among fifteen undergraduate nursing students of Makerere University in clinical placement at Mulago hospital. An In-depth interview guide was used to gather data on nursing students' emotional and psychological experiences and coping mechanisms. Data was audio recorded, verbatim transcribed and thematically analyzed using Atlas. ti version 6 software., Results: The nursing students emotional and psychological experiences when caring for dying patients were emerged into two themes; (1) Psychological and emotional reactions, (2) Coping mechanisms. The sub themes were; anger, anxiety and depression which is triggered by a combination of issues of pressure from relatives, failure to save the dying patient, thoughts of wasted efforts to reverse the dying process, limited resources, limited technical and emotional support. The students cope by seeking help from peers, engagement in problem solving, distancing from patients, spirituality and engaging in personal stress reducing activities., Conclusion: Insights from this study provide educators with a snapshot of student encounters, emotions, and coping strategies when facing dying patients and their families. Nursing students experience various negative emotional and psychological stressors triggered by a combination of issues that need to be addressed during care of dying patients. However, they devise different coping mechanisms to continue with provision of necessary end of life care as the clinical placement contributes to their learning, experience and builds confidence among student nurses., Competing Interests: Competing interests No competing interests

Background: Coronavirus spreads very rapidly and nursing staff is fighting like warrior. They are facing so many psychological issues. During the pandemic, positive and negative emotions of frontline nurses interlace and exist. Objectives: To explore the psychological experience of nursing officers caring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and Methods: Phenomenological research approach was adopted. Twelve nursing officers were enrolled with nonprobability purposive sampling technique who provided care for COVID-19 patients. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and were analyzed by the Colaizzi's 7-step method. Results: The data were obtained from 12 nursing officers caring for patients with COVID-19. The mean age of the participants was 28 ± 1.87 years, with a mean work experience of 3.75 ± 1.05. Three themes were extracted from the detailed interview. First theme: the expression of negative emotions in the initial stage consisting of fear and anxiety regarding infection and family member, fatigue and discomfort related to high work intensity, and protective gear and anxiety regarding changing of ward and long duty hours. Second theme: the use of coping strategies and self-care styles consisting of communication with family members and friends and adjustment to the new era of life. Third theme: expressing positive emotions as adjusted with duty comprised of motivation and support from senior authority, feeling happy to be a part of humanity service, and satisfied with my duty and postduty quarantine facilities. Conclusions: The results of this study show that nursing officers caring COVID-19 patients are experiencing mental and emotional distress at initial stage of duty. As days passed participants used coping strategies and understand the new era of situation. Gradually, they expressed positive emotions and they were happy and satisfied with work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has endangered people’s health, especially that of the elderly, worldwide, and has caused many psychosocial damages. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the psychological experiences of the elderly during the pandemic of COVID-19. This was a qualitative study of phenomenological type, in which the content analysis method was used. Fifteen elderly (60 years and older) experiencing quarantine conditions and physical distancing without COVID-19 infection were selected as the study sample using purposive sampling method. Sampling was continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and Colaizzi analysis was used to analyze them. Extracted findings from the interviews were classified into 6 main themes (empty nest experience, hypersensitivity, psychological distress, personal problems, interpersonal problems and tension resulted from conditions) and 26 sub-themes. 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Healthcare professionals' psychological involvement in perinatal loss is a largely overlooked subject by healthcare systems, scientific research and prevention policies. A systematic scientific review has been carried out about emotional experiences, attributed meanings and needs conveyed by healthcare professionals in relation to perinatal loss. We identified 213 studies between 1985 and 2015, 20 of which were included in the present study for qualitative analysis. Our results point out the need for a targeted vocational training in perinatal loss, enabling healthcare professionals to achieve a proper management of their own internal states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with visually impairments oft en access to informati on by using other senses. Along with the inadequacy in the individual, differences can also occur in cogniti ve functi oning. Some of the functi ons of the senses are increasingly performing at the highest level of receiving informati on from the outside world. In additi on to that, there are differences in the functi oning of the concerned senses in the brain. Students with visual impairments can be acti vely involved in the educati onal process by academic studies on cogniti ve skills and psychological experiences. In additi on, while the needs and analyzes for the educati on of individuals with vision impairment are being made, awareness of the emoti onal state of individuals and their parents will contribute positi vely to the work to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study represents a qualitative research aimed to explore the obstetricians' psychological experiences of birth. Background: During labour the role of obstetricians assumes a fundamental importance in hospitalised childbirth. However, literature analysis has shown that the psychological side of birth has been investigated only considering the woman's and midwife's points of view. The obstetricians' psychological experiences have not been considered enough and only a few studies at a quantitative level have been performed. Methods: Seven focus groups for a total of 72 obstetricians were conducted in hospital contexts in Italy. The qualitative methodology of grounded theory was adopted. Findings: The results were divided into three different core themes: obstetricians' approaches to delivery, critical aspects about relationships in the delivery room, and obstetricians' feelings and emotions in the delivery room. Each theme was subdivided into different subthemes. Conclusion: The results highlight different ways obstetricians approach their profession, the complex and multifaceted relationship with the woman and the extraordinary variety of feelings and emotions, which enrich, but also may complicate, life in the delivery room. Further studies could provide more details to help researchers to develop new and more effective strategies to support obstetricians' training and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, children with COVID-19 in Singapore required hospital isolation. We aimed to explore the psychological experiences of children and their caregivers isolated in a tertiary university hospital due to COVID-19., Methods: A prospective mixed-methods design was used to evaluate the psychological status of hospitalised family units with one or more children aged <18 years who had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patient medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical information. Parents and children ≥7 years of age underwent a psychologist-administered telephone-based interview. Self-reported, age-appropriate instruments, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Adult/Child Anxiety-Related Disorders, were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively. Participants were also interviewed qualitatively., Results: Fifteen family units were hospitalised between March 2020 and May 2020. Of these, 13 (73%) family units were recruited. The median age of the children and median hospitalisation duration were 57 months and 21 days, respectively. Median number of COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction swabs performed for each child was eight. All children had asymptomatic to mild SARS-CoV-2 disease. The criteria indicative of anxiety disorder were met by 40% of adults and 80% of children, while the criteria indicative of separation anxiety were met by 60% of parents and 100% of children. One child met the criteria indicative of depression. Uncertainty, separation, prolonged hospitalisation and frequent swabs caused significant reported anxiety., Conclusions: Families, especially children, had heightened anxiety while in hospital isolation. Therefore, home-based recovery from COVID-19 and psychological support for children and their families, with focus on early recognition of anxiety disorders, are recommended. We support review of paediatric isolation policy as the pandemic evolves., Competing Interests: None

Objective: Gain insights into how patients with periodontitis perceive the disease and its treatment, thus identifying their potential needs., Methods: Descriptive qualitative research among 19 patients with periodontitis purposefully sampled for semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the interview data used NVivo 11.0., Results: The data could be summarized in five themes: 1) restricted physiological function of the oral cavity; 2) psychological frustration; 3) impact on social life; 4) focus on patient comfort; 5) accessibility, convenience, and science of oral health services., Conclusions: Periodontitis can affect biopsychosocial aspects of patients lives. Some needs remain to be met or improved during treatment. As the paradigm shifts, dental practitioners should also focus on their professional roles and take measures to improve patients' experiences., (Copyright© 2023 Dennis Barber Ltd.)

Purpose: Our study explores socioeconomic, treatment-related, and psychological experiences of parents during cancer treatment of their children at an academic hospital in Kenya. Methods: This cross-sectional study used semi-structured questionnaires. Parents whose children came for cancer treatment consecutively between November 2012 and April 2013 were interviewed. Results: Between 2012 and 2013, 115 oncology patients attended the hospital and 75 families (response rate 65 %) were interviewed. Cancer treatment resulted in financial difficulties (89 %). More information about cancer and treatment was required (88 %). More contact with doctors was needed (83 %). At diagnosis, cancer was perceived as curable (63 %). However, parents were told by health-care providers that most children with cancer die (49 %). Parents had difficulties with understanding doctors' vocabulary (48 %). Common reasons to miss hospital appointments were travel costs (52 %) and hospital costs (28 %). Parents (95 %) used complementary alternative treatment (CAM) for their children. Health-care providers told parents not to use CAM (49 %). Parents had not discussed their CAM use with doctors (71 %). Community members isolated families because their child had cancer (25 %), believed that child was bewitched (57 %), advised to use CAM (61 %), and stopped conventional treatment (45 %). Some families (15 %) never disclosed the child's illness to community members. Parents shared experiences with other parents at the ward (97 %) and would otherwise not understand the disease and its treatment (87 %). Conclusions: Parents suffer financial hardships and are dissatisfied with doctors' communication regarding their children's condition. CAM is very commonly used. Doctors need to improve their communication skills and discuss CAM more openly. Cancer programs should include more support for parents: financial assistance, a facility where parents and children can stay during the course of therapy, and parent support groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe critical moments in freestyle competition, analyse mental state of elite freestyle cycling athletes before competition and to evaluate changes of their subjective psychological experiences. In our research we compared results of freestyle cyclists with results of reference group of elite track cyclists. We used semi-structured interviews and two standardized questionnares: SUPSO test and SPARO test. Statistically significant differences were found while comparing SPARO test and SUPSO test results of freestyle cyclists and the reference group. Some of the differences were related to components, that smartly expresses specificity of freestyle cyclists' mentality. Elite freestyle riders' general and precompetition mentality is specific, which is caused by specificity of this extreme cycling discipline. There are numerous factors that impact these athletes during the competition, more than in any other of cycling disciplines. Psychological preparation of freestyle cycling athletes would contribute to improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Influence of psychological load connected with match on mental state of football referees was assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of subjective psychological experiences and states of football referees during football match and to find out about any regularity of these changes. Methods Two standardized questionnaires were used: SUPSO and Belov temperament test. Results It has been proved that psychological state of football referees before the match has statistically significant impact on their psychological state evaluated immediately after the match. Conclusions Regulation of negative pre-match mental states of football referees is an important factor of successful coping with the supervised match on a psychological level. Psychological preparation of referees therefore contributes to improving their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing health care systems have placed an emphasis on unpaid, informal care giving from family members as a community health resource. It is estimated that there are between 19,000 and 51,000 young carers in the UK who are at increased risk of physical and psychological ill health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the personal experiences of young carers in relation to their well-being using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were carried out with five young carers and the verbatim transcripts served as the data for an IPA. Three themes emerged: (1) what caring means; (2) isolation and distancing from others; and (3) integrating caring. The participants struggled to make sense of caring, found it relentless, overwhelming and frustrating. They experienced stigma, which led to secrecy and withdrawal, cutting them off from their social worlds and the benefit of social support. They actively sought to integrate caring into their emerging sense of self and identity, and derived a sense of pride from caring and used this to combat feelings of uncertainty and isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how colonial culture impacted on the identity formation of seven individuals from southern Africa. Iographies focussed on factors participants believed impacted on their identity. Results indicated that: (1) participants were forced into a particular racial/cultural identity because of colonialism; (2) separation of individuals on racial lines prevented a collective anti-colonial/oppression identity from evolving; (3) participants experienced a sense of limited worthiness and/or of being more worthy than others because of their race; (4) participants' identities included an anti-colonial component; (5) white individuals who did not wish to participate in the colonial system were considered by some whites as unworthy and were mistrusted by some nonwhites; (6) participants' identity shifted over time. Implications for counselling are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]