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Introduction: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women, with its incidence rising globally. Post-mastectomy survivors often face significant psychosexual challenges impacting their quality of life. This study investigates the psychosexual disturbances experienced by post-mastectomy women and their male partners, aiming to highlight these issues and propose suitable interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional, open-ended questionnaire study was conducted over two months with 50 post-mastectomy women and their male partners from a hospital-based setting. Participants were assessed for psychological effects, sexual disturbances, and emotional involvement through detailed questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and represented through numerical and graphical formats. Results: The study revealed that 70% of women experienced significant psychological disturbances, including disturbed sleep patterns, depression, and a loss of self-worth. Sexual dysfunction was prominent, with reduced sexual desire, lubrication issues, and dyspareunia reported by 70% of participants. Psychological distress was more pronounced in women under 45 years. Male partners exhibited fewer disturbances, but some reported issues with sexual desire and comfort, particularly in younger age groups. Emotional involvement decreased in younger women, with increased domestic friction noted. Discussion: The findings underscore a high prevalence of psychosexual issues among post-mastectomy women and their partners, with significant age-related variations. Psychological and sexual problems are considerable and multifaceted, impacting overall quality of life. The need for comprehensive pre-and post-surgery counseling is emphasized to address these challenges effectively. Conclusion: Psychosexual morbidity is prevalent among breast cancer survivors and their partners, with notable impacts on sexual function and emotional well-being. Effective intervention strategies, including multidisciplinary sexual counseling, are essential to improve the quality of life for these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose single-species population models with the psychological effects and time delay in a toxicant environment in this study, of which the concentrations of toxicant nonlinearly affect the density of adults, linearly affect the density of juveniles. The models, consisting of a system of stochastic differential equations, govern the dynamics of juveniles and adults, as well as the concentrations of toxicant in the environment and organisms. First of all, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution to the models are derived, the sufficient conditions of the extinction and the time that the densities of adults and juveniles approach zero are investigated. Further, the sufficient conditions for the weak persistence in the mean are obtained around the pollution-free equilibrium point, and the stochastic permanence of adults and juveniles occurs around the pollution equilibrium points under moderate conditions. As a consequence, the corresponding numerical simulations reveal that higher psychological effects and less time delay create larger densities of juveniles and adults in the sense of weak persistence and stochastic permanence, and that less fluctuations of white noises and less psychological effects produce the earlier extinction time for adults and juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet Addiction and phubbing are prevalent disruptive behaviours among students. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phubbing, smartphone addiction and some of the related psychological effects among dental undergraduates. Materials and Methods: A multi-centric cross-sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate students of five different dental colleges across India. The questionnaire included the Phubbing Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Smartphone Application-based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 21, followed by a t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearmen’s co-relation to find the association between different psychological variables among study subjects. Results: The total sample comprise of 1226 with mean age of 22.35. The SABAS showed a higher mean ± standard deviation (SD) score (3.17 ± 0.93). The Phubbing Scale showed a positive correlation with the SABAS (0.658), the results were found to be highly statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The present study found a higher prevalence of phubbing and smartphone addiction among dental students. Our results showed that impulsiveness leads to internet addiction and thus phubbing is becoming a way to find solace during communication to escape anxiety and distress.

Background: social media consistsof many applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube and many more through which people communicate with each other. Over the past few years, the use of social media has increased tremendously. Apart from its advantages in our lives, increased use of social media has many health-related adverse effects like vision problems, sleep problems, depression and anxiety. This study aims to find the relationship between increased use of social media and its various health related adverse effects on the students of Khyber Medical College. Study type,settings & duration: This cross-sectional study conducted atKhyber Medical College, PeshawarfromJanuary to June 2020. Methodology: A sample size of 412 calculated using the WHO calculator for sample size and the sampling technique employed was a random sampling technique. The tool used to collect the data was questionnaire based; representative of each class group from first year to final year. SPSS Microsoft for Windows was used to analyze the data quantitatively. Results: Each variable was quantitatively weighed with a total of 63.8% of the study population exceeding 2 hours of recommended screen time. Of the various variables evaluated; depression, anxiety, disturbed sleep and vision problems showed a positive relationship with prolonged social media usage whereas use of sleep-inducing drugs were not related to prolonged social media usage. Conclusion: We were able to conclude from the comparison with previously conducted studies that health related problems have been on the rise due to increased utilization of social media apps which should be addressed.

This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) among the Dawoodi Bohra community in Pakistan. FGM, a non-therapeutic alteration of the female genitalia, is examined through the lenses of religion, culture and health. The Dawoodi Bohra, predominantly based in Karachi, practice FGM as a religious and cultural rite, linking it to notions of purity and social acceptance. Despite global efforts to outlaw and eradicate FGM, it persists, underpinned by deeply held beliefs and the insular nature of the community. The physical and psychological effects of FGM are profound, leading to immediate and long-term complications such as severe pain, infection and psychological trauma. This paper discusses the impact of these practices on women’s health and rights, while critiquing the lack of an effective legal framework in Pakistan to combat FGM. In addressing this issue, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on gender-based violence and the rights of women and children in patriarchal societies.

Background: Intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the widely adopted contraceptive methods all over the world, especially in developing countries such as Egypt. The study aimed to assess the psychological effects and pain in Egyptian females on their first use of IUD. Subjects and Methods: Multicenter longitudinal cross-sectional study, started from June 2018 till July 2022, in the tertiary hospitals in 7 Egyptian governorates. About 553 participants were subjected to a pre-designed validated questionnaire including data on pain and psychological effect of IUD insertion with its different forms. Results: Psychological effects of IUD were felt more at insertion but later on they changed greatly from marked to not being detected, however, there was a slight increase in pain and discomfort later on after insertion (P<0.001). The absence of knowledge about IUD insertion was present in 44.3% of the participants. Knowing how IUD is inserted was associated with the presences of these psychological effects (P=0.014 and <0.001 respectively). There was an association between male doctor gender and less psychological effects and pain (P<0.001). Conclusion: There were negative psychological effects and pain among Egyptian women during the insertion of IUDs. Also, there was a low level of awareness about the IUD in most of the females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review addresses the issues of low consumer engagement and market development difficulties in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) products. Dietary ICH products are selected as research materials to discover contemporary commercial survival paths for ICH through the psychological effects of advertising. Firstly, this study examines the respective advantages of rational and emotional ICH advertisement in terms of emotional responses, cognitive responses, attitudes, recall, and recognition. Then, it explores the effects of different ICH advertisement types (rational advertisement, emotional advertisement) and different degrees of situational involvement (purchasing for oneself, purchasing gifts for others) on the advertising effectiveness, aiming to identify factors influencing the psychological effects of ICH advertisement. Through statistical analysis, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Rational ICH advertisement prompts consumers to consider the actual attributes of ICH products, leading to a more positive purchasing attitude. (2) Emotional ICH advertisement is more effective in eliciting positive emotions from consumers and enhancing brand memory. (3) Under the scenario of purchasing a gift for others, emotional ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers' attitudes towards advertising. (4) Under different degrees of situational involvement, rational ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers' purchasing attitudes. This study not only provides guidance for optimizing ICH advertising strategies but also offers new directions for market expansion, contributing valuable insights into cultural heritage preservation, as well as the development and protection of ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We examined the consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic on the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive functions of Arab Israeli children aged 3–12 years. The findings of an online cross-sectional survey indicated that, as reported by the parents (N = 267), during the Coronavirus pandemic, most of the children expressed more behavioral and concentration problems. Almost 85% of the children felt more bored, and more than 50% were sadder, more reluctant, more frustrated, and felt lonely. Moreover, almost half of the children had sleep difficulties and tended to eat more than before. Boys and elementary school children were more vulnerable. The findings highlight the susceptibility of the children to the psychosocial consequences of Coronavirus and underline the need for interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study attempted to find out the psychological effects on displaced individuals in Marib Governorate, as well as the extent to which psychological effects varied according to age, gender, marital status and place of residence variables. 1,252 displaced people from all of the Marib Governorate's displacement camps made up the study's sample. Regarding the gender variable, the results showed that there were (24) non-significant psychological effects, while (8) statistically significant psychological effects were found in favor of males, except for one psychological effect in favor of females, the researchers used a descriptive analytical approach to meet the study's goals. According to the current study, the psychological effects that were found to be present in a high degree among the displaced included feelings of fear, anxiety, frustration, and distress; a tendency toward isolation; a lack of ability to form relationships and friendships with others; and a sense of weakness when it came to sharing the joys of others. As for the age variable, the results showed that (27 ) psychological effects were insignificant, while (5) psychological effects were statistically significant in favor of the age group over 25 years. Regarding marital status variable, the results showed that (28) psychological effects were insignificant, while (4) psychological effects were statistically significant in favor of the married group, finally the place of residence variable, were found that (29) psychological effect statistically significant, in favor of those living in tents, while (3) psychological effects were not statistically significant. The researchers concluded that it is necessary to expand the field of study to include the rest of the governorates where the displaced people fled to. They also recommended that international and local organizations and government agencies pay attention to the psychological health of the displaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dating back to Pakistan’s five underground nuclear tests in May 1998, carried out as a deterrent response to India’s tests, this study critically examines the perceptions and realities surrounding their alleged adverse effects on the local population. It also evaluates the claims made by locals and politicians regarding increased illnesses and negative impacts in the region since those tests. The historical context of nuclear weapons development, from the Manhattan Project to the global proliferation of such arms, sets the stage for understanding the contested narratives. Due to the lack of documented evidence and medical records from the testing site’s vicinity, the research employs a mixed-method approach involving closed-ended questionnaires, openended interviews, and discussions. The study reveals challenges in gathering accurate data due to high levels of unawareness, especially among the unemployed and uneducated locals of Dalbandin and surrounding areas. The study basically relies on the on-ground investigations and concludes that the psychological impact of the tests is greater than the physical effects on the locals or the region. It also recommends a future course of action based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the prevalence of obesity in two types of schools—a comprehensive school and a grammar school—in a rural German region of Brandenburg. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, BMI values were measured in 114 students in grades 5, 7, and 10. In addition to the demographic data, data on nutrition, physical activity, and mental well-being were collected using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 44% (11/25) of the comprehensive school students and 15% (13/89) of the high school students are overweight, and 24% (6/25) of the comprehensive school pupils and 6% (5/89) of the grammar school pupils (p = 0.009) are obese. In addition, 91% (10/11) of the students with obesity, 36% (4/11) of the students with pre-obesity, and 31% (26/84) of the normal-weight students (p = 0.001) are concerned about their weight. Among the children with obesity, 82% (9/11) are afraid of gaining weight. In addition, 6% (5/82) of the normal-weight students, 25% (3/12) of the students with pre-obesity, and 70% (7/10) of the students with obesity feel restricted by their weight when exercising. Conclusion: School attendance and parental socioeconomic status appear to correlate with students' weight statuses. There is a high level of suffering, and they feel uncomfortable with their bodies and worry about weight regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies the social, psychological, and economic effects associated with polygamy from an Emirati woman’s point of view during the second semester of 2022. To achieve the objectives of the study, an intentional sample of 200 women, who are the first wives of their husbands in the UAE, were selected, and a questionnaire was distributed that covered three areas: psychological effects, social effects, and economic effects. Google Drive was used to design the study tool, and the data was processed and analyzed using the (SPSS) program. The most notable findings of this study are that the psychological effects of polygamy on Emirati women are the most impactful, followed by the economic effects, and, finally, the social effects. It was also found that there are statistically significant differences in the average effects resulting from polygamy due to the wife’s educational level and age but that there are no statistically significant differences due to the kinship between the spouses and the husband’s financial status. Based on the results, the study recommends providing psychological support programs for wives in polygamous families, distributing awareness leaflets, and holding counseling sessions to overcome the psychological and social effects that polygamy can cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work‐related psychosocial hazards are on the verge of surpassing many other occupational hazards in their contribution to ill‐health, injury, disability, direct and indirect costs, and impact on business and national productivity. The risks associated with exposure to psychosocial hazards at work are compounded by the increasing background prevalence of mental health disorders in the working‐age population. The extensive and cumulative impacts of these exposures represent an alarming public health problem that merits immediate, increased attention. In this paper, we review the linkage between work‐related psychosocial hazards and adverse effects, their economic burden, and interventions to prevent and control these hazards. We identify six crucial societal actions: (1) increase awareness of this critical issue through a comprehensive public campaign; (2) increase etiologic, intervention, and implementation research; (3) initiate or augment surveillance efforts; (4) increase translation of research findings into guidance for employers and workers; (5) increase the number and diversity of professionals skilled in preventing and addressing psychosocial hazards; and (6) develop a national regulatory or consensus standard to prevent and control work‐related psychosocial hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is leading medium which is used for communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. The abrupt episode of Corona pandemic has been joined by explosion of deception about the illness. As COVID-19 epidemic spread, virtual media outlets showed up as significant method for linking, just as a method of looking for and sharing the data about the illness. This examination targets estimating the mental impacts of phony news about COVID-19 via web-based media clients in Pakistan. Study is quantitative in nature. Survey method has been used to collect the data. The Direct Effects Model of Mass Media Theory has been employed on this study. The results of the study reveal that the element of anxiety, fear and stress are linked with social media users of Facebook. Facebook users have come across with these elements due to the circulation of fake news on Facebook and about COVID-19. This study recommends that there should be the gatekeeping mechanism to verify the authenticity of the news shared upon social media platforms. The social media authorities also need to pay heed to stop this prevailing issue, particularly in the age of pandemic when people become more vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are more likely to experience moderate-to-severe depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms than pregnant women without a history of RPL. The secondary purpose was to determine whether women with prior RPL experienced more unfavorable pregnancy outcomes if they had depression, anxiety, or stress. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted that included 47 pregnant women with a history of RPL and 94 pregnant women without prior RPL. Participants 20 weeks of gestation or earlier were included. Both groups completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and were followed up until delivery to determine the pregnancy outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes. Result: Among the 47 women with prior RPL, 10 had primary RPL (two or more miscarriages without a successful pregnancy) and 37 secondary RPL (two or more miscarriages with a history of successful pregnancy). RPL was significantly associated with moderate-to-severe levels of depression (P < .001), anxiety (P < .001), and stress (P < .001). Among the RPL group, high stress level was significantly associated with repeat miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.28, 95%CI = 1.25-100.0, P = .03) and preterm labor (AOR = 6.07, 95%CI = 1.61-100.0, P = .04). Depression and anxiety were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a history of RPL had considerably higher rates of moderate-to-severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Repeat miscarriage and preterm labor were considerably higher among pregnant women with RPL who were experiencing high stress levels at baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Research has demonstrated the positive effect of natural environment on human restoration and well-being. Time spent in nature can often alleviate both physiological and psychological stress. However, few studies have discussed the environmental health effects of the nature’s components and characteristics. Sixty volunteers were recruited and one manufactured environment and five different natural environments were randomly assigned to them, including coniferous forests (pure coniferous forest-PC and mixed coniferous forest-MC), broad-leaved forests (pure broad-leaved forest-PB and mixed broad-leaved forest-MB), and mixed forest (mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest-MCB). Each volunteer sat in a built or natural environment and looked around the environment for 15 min. Physiological (HR, HRV, BP, pulse rate and salivary cortisol) and psychological indicators (POMS and STAI) were used to evaluate the changes in their stress level. Results indicated a strong difference in HR, HRV, POMS and STAI between the built and natural environment, which showed that natural environment can lower the stress level. MC had the best effect on relieving physiological stress, whereas MCB is most successful in improving emotional state and reducing anxiety. Broad-leaved forest and mixed forest significantly affected the DBP and vigor level of the subjects, respectively. While coniferous forest did significantly increase the concentration of salivary cortisol in subjects. The study confirmed that compared to the built environment, the natural environment can relieve the human body's physical and psychological stress and negative emotions, while significantly increasing vitality. And different plant communities also have different effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of the subjects. These results will provide scientific basis for the construction and improvement of urban green space environment.

This study analyzed behavioral changes in South Korean individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic due to movement restrictions and examined their psychological effects. Attributes considered include age and gender, place of residence, and characteristics of the residential environment and communities they came into contact with, which are considered important factors in individuals' psychological changes. The results showed that in terms of psychological change, the negative effects were more significant for attributes such as age and gender than for spatial characteristics such as residential area and type of residence. In addition, depression was found in specific gender and age groups. In particular, those in their 20s were found to be more depressed than those in their 30s and 40s, even though they were less prone infection with COVID-19 than older adults. Through the findings of this study, we have discovered materials and factors that should be taken into account when preparing policies to limit the motion of people in circumstances similar to a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of voluntary abstinence from food and drink for 16 to 48 hours is known as intermittent fasting (IF). Jain Ayambil, a type of intermittent fasting, where a special meal of boiled grains without spice, oil, milk, ghee, sugar, curd, fruits, or raw vegetables is taken once during the daytime. The aim of the study was to find out safety and its effect on plasma glucose, lipid profile, anthropometric and psychological parameters. We are reporting first ever scientific study on effect of Aymabil intermittent fasting on health parameters. The present study was carried out on 52 volunteers who did 9 days Ayambil fasting. Physical, and psychological assessment were done on the pre-fasting day (day 0), 4th day, and 9th day whereas biochemical examinations were carried out on pre-fasting (day 0) and 9th day of Ayambil fasting. Out of the total 52 participants (mean age of 52.77 ± 13.51 years), there were 28 (53.85%) females (51.54 ± 12.94) and 24 (46.15%) males (54.21 ± 14.30). A statistically significant reduction was observed for fasting blood glucose (p=0.002), HbA1c (p=0.002), body weight (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.001), diastolic BP (p=0.005), serum creatinine (p= 0.036), and a positive correlation was noted for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (p=0.001) noted during Ayambil fasting. However, there was no significant change in lipid profile. Our findings suggest that Ayambil fasting is beneficial to metabolic, psychological, and holistic health with no health-related hazards. It is a safe fasting method and exploration of more clinical studies on this can open newer futuristic directions as one of the therapeutic options for a variety of clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online addiction, a relatively new phenomenon in the realm of mental health, has rapidly emerged as a significant concern in today's digital age. With the pervasive use of technology and the internet in daily life, individuals are increasingly at risk of developing problematic behaviors related to online activities. This article delves into the complex landscape of online addiction, exploring its definitions, prevalence, and the profound impact it has on mental health. By examining the signs, symptoms, and consequences of online addiction, as well as discussing intervention strategies and preventative measures, this perspective review aims to shed light on this pressing issue and provide insight into navigating the challenges of excessive internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has demonstrated the positive effect of natural environment on human restoration and well-being. Time spent in nature can often alleviate both physiological and psychological stress. However, few studies have discussed the environmental health effects of the nature's components and characteristics. Sixty volunteers were recruited and one manufactured environment and five different natural environments were randomly assigned to them, including coniferous forests (pure coniferous forest-PC and mixed coniferous forest-MC), broad-leaved forests (pure broad-leaved forest-PB and mixed broad-leaved forest-MB), and mixed forest (mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest-MCB). Each volunteer sat in a built or natural environment and looked around the environment for 15 min. Physiological (HR, HRV, BP, pulse rate and salivary cortisol) and psychological indicators (POMS and STAI) were used to evaluate the changes in their stress level. Results indicated a strong difference in HR, HRV, POMS and STAI between the built and natural environment, which showed that natural environment can lower the stress level. MC had the best effect on relieving physiological stress, whereas MCB is most successful in improving emotional state and reducing anxiety. Broad-leaved forest and mixed forest significantly affected the DBP and vigor level of the subjects, respectively. While coniferous forest did significantly increase the concentration of salivary cortisol in subjects. The study confirmed that compared to the built environment, the natural environment can relieve the human body's physical and psychological stress and negative emotions, while significantly increasing vitality. And different plant communities also have different effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of the subjects. These results will provide scientific basis for the construction and improvement of urban green space environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binaural beat (BB), as a non-invasive auditory beat stimulation type, has found its potential applications in cognitive domains. This review presents a proper summary to deepen our understanding of the soundness of the BB technique by looking into its applications, possible mechanisms of action, effectiveness, limitations, and potential side effects. BB has been claimed to improve cognitive and psychological functions such as memory, attention, stress, anxiety, motivation, and confidence. We have also looked into preclinical and clinical research studies that have been performed using BB and proposed changes in the brain following the application of BB stimulations, including EEG changes. This review also presents applications outside the cognitive domain and evaluates BB as a possible treatment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other sports, running is popular sport for children throughout the world. Over the last few decades, marathon running has become increasingly popular even in the age group below 18 years. While the majority of youth athletes fall within the 16–18 age range, it is noteworthy that there are also participants younger than 12 years engaging in marathon races. Advice on the safety of youth athletes participating in these events is frequently sought by parents, coaches, sport scientists, and medical professionals, particularly concerning potential short- and long-term health consequences. The act of marathon running has the potential to impact key organ systems during the crucial phases of growth and development. To ensure the safety of marathon running in youth runners, it is essential to address multiple physiological and psychological aspects of health. These recommendations are directed towards ensuring the safe participation of youth athletes in marathon races through proper and individualized assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Cold Steel Adenoidectomy (TCSA) and Endoscopic–Assisted Cold Steel Adenoidectomy (EACSA) frequently employ surgical adenoid removal methods. While these techniques effectively treat adenoid- related conditions, their influence on patients' psychological well-being still needs to be more adequately explored. With the increasing focus on the significance of mental well-being in surgical results, this study sought to explore and differentiate the psychological impacts of TCSA and EACSA. The primary objective was to examine and compare anxiety levels between TCSA and EACSA groups. Secondary objectives included evaluating surgical apprehension, post- surgery psychological well-being, procedural satisfaction, postoperative pain, duration until return to daily activities, and occurrence of postoperative complications. In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing adenoidectomy were randomly allocated to the TCSA or EACSA group. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to evaluate anxiety levels at one week, one month, and three months following the surgery. Additional outcomes included surgical apprehension, post-surgery psychological well-being, procedural satisfaction, postoperative pain, time until return to daily activities, and postoperative complications. The EACSA group exhibited significantly lower HADS scores, surgical apprehension scores, and postoperative pain, alongside higher post-surgery psychological well-being scores and procedural satisfaction compared to the TCSA group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the EACSA group had a significantly shorter duration until the return to daily activities (p < 0.05). There were no significant variations found between the groups in terms of either the amount of bleeding during the procedure or the length of the operation. However, the EACSA group demonstrated a lower occurrence of postoperative complications, such as bleeding and infection. The results indicate that EACSA may provide benefits over TCSA in terms of reduced anxiety levels, surgical apprehension, postoperative pain, time until return to daily activities, and enhanced post-surgery psychological well-being and patient satisfaction. These findings could support clinicians in making informed decisions and offering patient counselling when choosing the most appropriate surgical technique based on patients' psychological health. Nevertheless, additional research is required to assess the enduring psychological consequences of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 affected global physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to explore the pandemics impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress) and eating behavior in people with severe obesity participating in a multimodal conservative behavioral weight loss (BWL) program conducted via videoconferencing. Additionally, the efficacy of the six-month BWL program in a virtual video-based setting during the pandemic was examined. Methods: 297 participants of a face-to-face multimodal behavioral weight loss program prior to the pandemic (PrePAN, May 2014-September 2019) and 146 participants of the in terms of content same intervention in a videoconferencebased setting during the pandemic (PAN, July 2020-April 2022) were questioned and compared using standardized questionnaires for HRQoL, symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders, perceived stress, and eating behavior at baseline and at the end of treatment. Results: Symptoms for anxiety, depression and perceived stress were similar between PrePAN and PAN at baseline. In addition, PAN tended to show lower disinhibition of eating behavior and feelings of hunger than PrePAN. During the pandemic, the BWL intervention resulted in body weight loss (67%) or stabilization (16%) in most of the participants. It also contributed by improving physical HRQoL, lower worries, and improved eating behaviors compared to baseline. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, baseline mental health of people with morbid obesity was not worse than before the pandemic. Additionally, the BWL intervention in the virtual video-based setting stabilized and improved physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Amnon–Tamar narrative in 2 Samuel 13:1–22 in the light of the psychological effects of rape in Enugu State, Nigeria. 2 Samuel 13:1–22 is an exposition on the tragic assault meted out on Tamar by his half-brother Ammon. Sexual violence, especially, rape is one of the social problems that is ravaging the people of Enugu state. The pericope of the Amnon–Tamar narrative in 2 Samuel 13:1–22 has been studied by so many Old Testament researchers; however, none has studied the narrative in the context of rape and its psychological effects in Enugu State. The article employs the synchronic aspect of narrative analysis in the study of 2 Samuel 13:1–22 and phenomenological design in the contextual framework. The data were mainly collected from secondary sources, which were then thematically analysed. Emergent themes from the pericope revealed loneliness, rejection, frustration, helplessness and depression. The findings of this study further showed that rape carries psychological effects such as identification, mistrust, withdrawal, suicidal tendency, the shame of stigmatisation, negative impact fixation, post-traumatic disorder, depression, fear and anger. It is obvious that David’s insensitivity towards Ammon’s sexual urge on Tamar aided his son to take advantage of his father’s parental flaw to rape Tamar, his half-sister. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is a contribution to theology and ethics. It investigated the psychological effects that Tamar suffered during and after her rape experience and used it to interrogate the psychological effects that rape victims in Enugu State suffer. Therefore, the article provides a lucid response to the problem of rape and its psychological effects.

Introduction: COVID-19 is a new disease infecting a large number of people, and undoubtedly have psychological impacts on healthcare workers. Among healthcare staff, nurses are the most involved ones in fighting against COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach (Graneheim and Lundman) Iran. Participants in this study included 15 nurses working with patients with COVID-19, selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. The rigor of data was assessed using the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Nurses reported the four following psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on caring patients with COVID-19: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, physical exhaustion, and aggressive behaviors. Conclusion: The data showed that nurses experienced a variety of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nurses’ psychological problems and implement interventions to improve their mental health.

A state of the art documentary research is presented, which aimed to make a synthesis of the scientific production between 2015 and 2019 about child maltreatment by neglect, in order to establish an overview of the research trends related to: psychological factors involved in child neglect, psychosocial context in which it takes place and comorbidity relationships between neglect and other types of maltreatment. To this end, we searched databases for documentary studies dealing with child neglect in the family context. The initial search yielded 18,860 research reports; once the refinement filters were applied, referring to: observation window (2015 - 2019), area (psychology, social sciences, health sciences and related) and type of document (reviews), 223 results were obtained which were reviewed by title and abstract, of these 47 met the inclusion criteria and were considered in the present State of the Art. Poceeded with a content analysis, using a systematization matrix that included information on: article identification data, theoretical and methodological structure and main findings. The analysis yielded information about the three initial categories and allowed the emergence of two categories: effects on the child victim and lines for intervention. The findings highlight the knowledge developed about predisposing factors, mainly: parental attachment style, experience of maltreatment in childhood and parental psychopathology; an aspect that becomes more complex when related to the environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the families, for example, the debate between poverty and neglect is far from being resolved, to the extent that there is not enough clarity about how to judge situations of deprivation in the care of children when parents (or main caregivers) are permanently faced with situations that put the basic needs of the family at stake. Likewise, there is evidence of a relevant advance in the knowledge of the effects on the child victim; effects that were classified as: biological and neurological, related to internalizing and externalizing problems, in attachment and bonding, in the development of criminal behavior and long-term effects, which raises the possible risk of a cycle of violence associated with neglect, since risk factors become effects or consequences. Likewise, a generalized allusion to the term abuse and neglect was found, an aspect that introduces ambiguities regarding the differentiation made of the different types of maltreatment and the knowledge developed regarding the most feasible comorbidity relationships according to the nature and underlying mechanisms in each type of maltreatment; an even more complex aspect when talking about the less visible forms such as psychosocial neglect, which supports the statement that neglect continues to be the least documented type of maltreatment in the research. Likewise, it was found that categories such as the experience of motherhood and fatherhood in the practice of daily care, are an aspect that is little addressed in the reviews consulted, so there is a gap in knowledge regarding the complexity of a phenomenon that overlaps in the bonding patterns, in the dependence and vulnerability of children. Consequently, the State of the Art, recognizing the development of interventions based on differential susceptibility or resilience, as well as on the improvement of the interaction between parents and children, offers inputs for the strengthening of the risk assessment mechanisms of this type of maltreatment and the psychosocial intervention strategies that are oriented from the child protection systems and, especially, from the basic health care teams, since they are in the first line of observation and therefore of early prevention of this type of maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) among the Dawoodi Bohra community in Pakistan. FGM, a non-therapeutic alteration of the female genitalia, is examined through the lenses of religion, culture and health. The Dawoodi Bohra, predominantly based in Karachi, practice FGM as a religious and cultural rite, linking it to notions of purity and social acceptance. Despite global efforts to outlaw and eradicate FGM, it persists, underpinned by deeply held beliefs and the insular nature of the community. The physical and psychological effects of FGM are profound, leading to immediate and long-term complications such as severe pain, infection and psychological trauma. This paper discusses the impact of these practices on women's health and rights, while critiquing the lack of an effective legal framework in Pakistan to combat FGM. In addressing this issue, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on gender-based violence and the rights of women and children in patriarchal societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: social media consists of many applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube and many more through which people communicate with each other. Over the past few years, the use of social media has increased tremendously. Apart from its advantages in our lives, increased use of social media has many health-related adverse effects like vision problems, sleep problems, depression and anxiety. This study aims to find the relationship between increased use of social media and its various health related adverse effects on the students of Khyber Medical College. Study type, settings & duration: This cross-sectional study conducted at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from January to June 2020. Methodology: A sample size of 412 calculated using the WHO calculator for sample size and the sampling technique employed was a random sampling technique. The tool used to collect the data was questionnaire based; representative of each class group from first year to final year. SPSS Microsoft for Windows was used to analyze the data quantitatively. Results: Each variable was quantitatively weighed with a total of 63.8% of the study population exceeding 2 hours of recommended screen time. Of the various variables evaluated; depression, anxiety, disturbed sleep and vision problems showed a positive relationship with prolonged social media usage whereas use of sleep-inducing drugs were not related to prolonged social media usage. Conclusion: We were able to conclude from the comparison with previously conducted studies that health related problems have been on the rise due to increased utilization of social media apps which should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to assess the psychological and social impacts on Jordanian. The Convenience sample consisted of (3152)To achieve the aim of the study, measure were developed to the psychosocial and social impact scale, which consists of (42) items, The results shown that the psychological effects are low, and social effects are moderate. The results also shown a significance difference on psychological effects to gender and age and work, but there were no significance differences on education level. The results also shown a significance difference on social effects to gender and age, but there is no a significance differences on education level and work. So, The researchers recommend to adopting a specialized institutional approach to take care of Jordanian's mental health, and working on rehabilitating the unemployed individuals functionally, psychologically and socially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to conduct an exhaustive review of publications in important database repositories, including Scopus, Scielo and Redalyc, in order to analyse the production of documents related to the disappearance of people worldwide, with a particular focus on America and specifically on Colombia. Various combinations of keywords were used to identify approximately 346,858 documents, such as books, chapters, articles and other reports linked to the topic. Of these, 33,995 documents were identified for Latin America and 14,196 for Colombia. The research follows a qualitative paradigm and uses the Delphi methodology, with techniques such as the selection of documents by related categories and the extraction and interpretation of data. The eligibility criteria cover the broad spectrum of missing persons. Search strategies were applied with logical operators and keywords in English. The documentary review focused on Forced Disappearance and Enforced Disappearance in titles, summaries and keywords. The analysis focuses on trends and effects regarding the physical and mental health of the relatives of the missing, providing an overview of the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19, a new disease infecting a large number of people, undoubtedly has psychological effects. This study aimed to explore the experiences of psychosocial effects in patients with COVID-19 in Iran. Material and methods: The content analysis qualitative study was conducted from April to September 2021 in Iran. Participants were twelve patients with COVID-19 selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using telephone interviews. After recording and transcribing interviews, data were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The rigor of data was assessed using the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Patients with COVID-19 described the four psychological effects arising from the pandemic: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, sleep disorders, and fear of remaining COVID-19 complications. Conclusions: The results showed that patients with COVID-19 experienced a variety of psychological effects during the pandemic. It is necessary to monitor psychological problems in patients after discharge and implement interventions such as psychological counselling and strengthened crisis support systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on medical personnel working in the filiation team, and to examine the possible effects in depth. Methods: The research was conducted using the exploratory sequential mixed pattern between February 2022 and February 2023 on the medical personnel working in the filiation team in a District Health Directorate. In the quantitative stage of the research, the population consisted of 248 medical personnel working in the filiation team, and the sample consisted of 181 participants who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The quantitative data of the research were collected using the “Personal Information Form” and the “Impact of Event Scale”, and the qualitative data were collected using the “Semi-Structured Interview Form”. Results: In the study, it was found that 30.4% of the medical personnel working during the filiation process were psychologically affected. In the in-depth interviews, it was determined that there were categories of fear, anxiety, loneliness, sleep problems, stigma, trauma, changes in affectivity, stress, deterioration in social relationships, fatigue and strain under the theme of psychological effects. Conclusions: The study found that about a third of the medical personnel working in the filiation process were psychologically affected by the pandemic, and they experienced psychological effects such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, sleep problems, stigma, trauma, changes in affectivity, stress, deterioration in social relationships, fatigue and strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet Addiction and phubbing are prevalent disruptive behaviours among students. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phubbing, smartphone addiction and some of the related psychological effects among dental undergraduates. Materials and Methods: A multi-centric cross-sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate students of five different dental colleges across India. The questionnaire included the Phubbing Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Smartphone Application-based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 21, followed by a t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearmen's co-relation to find the association between different psychological variables among study subjects. Results: The total sample comprise of 1226 with mean age of 22.35. The SABAS showed a higher mean ± standard deviation (SD) score (3.17 ± 0.93). The Phubbing Scale showed a positive correlation with the SABAS (0.658), the results were found to be highly statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The present study found a higher prevalence of phubbing and smartphone addiction among dental students. Our results showed that impulsiveness leads to internet addiction and thus phubbing is becoming a way to find solace during communication to escape anxiety and distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 is a new disease infecting a large number of people, and undoubtedly have psychological impacts on healthcare workers. Among healthcare staff, nurses are the most involved ones in fighting against COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses' experiences of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach (Graneheim and Lundman) Iran. Participants in this study included 15 nurses working with patients with COVID-19, selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. The rigor of data was assessed using the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Results: Nurses reported the four following psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on caring patients with COVID-19: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, physical exhaustion, and aggressive behaviors. Conclusion: The data showed that nurses experienced a variety of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nurses' psychological problems and implement interventions to improve their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review addresses the issues of low consumer engagement and market development difficulties in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) products. Dietary ICH products are selected as research materials to discover contemporary commercial survival paths for ICH through the psychological effects of advertising. Firstly, this study examines the respective advantages of rational and emotional ICH advertisement in terms of emotional responses, cognitive responses, attitudes, recall, and recognition. Then, it explores the effects of different ICH advertisement types (rational advertisement, emotional advertisement) and different degrees of situational involvement (purchasing for oneself, purchasing gifts for others) on the advertising effectiveness, aiming to identify factors influencing the psychological effects of ICH advertisement. Through statistical analysis, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Rational ICH advertisement prompts consumers to consider the actual attributes of ICH products, leading to a more positive purchasing attitude. (2) Emotional ICH advertisement is more effective in eliciting positive emotions from consumers and enhancing brand memory. (3) Under the scenario of purchasing a gift for others, emotional ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers’ attitudes towards advertising. (4) Under different degrees of situational involvement, rational ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers’ purchasing attitudes. This study not only provides guidance for optimizing ICH advertising strategies but also offers new directions for market expansion, contributing valuable insights into cultural heritage preservation, as well as the development and protection of ICH.

We examined the prevalence of obesity in two types of schools—a comprehensive school and a grammar school—in a rural German region of Brandenburg. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, BMI values were measured in 114 students in grades 5, 7, and 10. In addition to the demographic data, data on nutrition, physical activity, and mental well-being were collected using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 44% (11/25) of the comprehensive school students and 15% (13/89) of the high school students are overweight, and 24% (6/25) of the comprehensive school pupils and 6% (5/89) of the grammar school pupils (p = 0.009) are obese. In addition, 91% (10/11) of the students with obesity, 36% (4/11) of the students with pre-obesity, and 31% (26/84) of the normal-weight students (p = 0.001) are concerned about their weight. Among the children with obesity, 82% (9/11) are afraid of gaining weight. In addition, 6% (5/82) of the normal-weight students, 25% (3/12) of the students with pre-obesity, and 70% (7/10) of the students with obesity feel restricted by their weight when exercising. Conclusion: School attendance and parental socioeconomic status appear to correlate with students’ weight statuses. There is a high level of suffering, and they feel uncomfortable with their bodies and worry about weight regulation.

Rui-Lian Ding, Yu Zheng, Jin Bu Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jin Bu, Email dr.jinbu@gmail.comAbstract: Isotretinoin (ISO) is a powerful vitamin A derivative that offers the potential for treatment of permanent remission of acne; however, its potential side effects on both physiological and psychological aspects limit its application. This article reviews the side effects of ISO from physiological and psychological aspects in detail, to better screen the suitable population of ISO and improve the efficiency of clinical treatment. Our findings indicate that ISO may cause teratogenicity, skin reactions, ocular reactions, changes in blood indicators, and occasional acne fulminans. To optimize clinical treatment, more attention should be paid to identifying the specific conditions under which these reactions occur, how severe they are, and how they subside to alleviate patient concerns. Regarding the controversial issue of psychological side effects caused by ISO, researchers should shift their focus to the psychological problems that acne itself may cause.Keywords: acne, isotretinoin, physiological effects, psychological effects

IntroductionCOVID-19 affected global physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to explore the pandemics impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress) and eating behavior in people with severe obesity participating in a multimodal conservative behavioral weight loss (BWL) program conducted via videoconferencing. Additionally, the efficacy of the six-month BWL program in a virtual video-based setting during the pandemic was examined.Methods297 participants of a face-to-face multimodal behavioral weight loss program prior to the pandemic (PrePAN, May 2014–September 2019) and 146 participants of the in terms of content same intervention in a videoconference-based setting during the pandemic (PAN, July 2020–April 2022) were questioned and compared using standardized questionnaires for HRQoL, symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders, perceived stress, and eating behavior at baseline and at the end of treatment.ResultsSymptoms for anxiety, depression and perceived stress were similar between PrePAN and PAN at baseline. In addition, PAN tended to show lower disinhibition of eating behavior and feelings of hunger than PrePAN. During the pandemic, the BWL intervention resulted in body weight loss (67%) or stabilization (16%) in most of the participants. It also contributed by improving physical HRQoL, lower worries, and improved eating behaviors compared to baseline.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, baseline mental health of people with morbid obesity was not worse than before the pandemic. Additionally, the BWL intervention in the virtual video-based setting stabilized and improved physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper aims to identify the variables that best predict the perceived risk of romantic breakup or separation during COVID-19. We hypothesize that greater psychological distress and lower perceived equity, partner support, and satisfaction increase the perceived risk of separation from a partner. Participants (n = 409 Dominicans; 79.71% female) answered six questionnaires corresponding to the variables of the study. The original model could correctly classify 88.8% of the cases, χ2 (4) = 231.926, p

This research investigates the psychological health of tourism industry’s workforce in the midst of COVID-19 in the context of Chinese Tourism Industry. We have employed stress theory for the predictive analysis and hypothesis crafting in terms of mediator (financial dissatisfaction) and moderators (quality of marital relationship and family income). Path analysis has been used to evaluate different relationships while adopting ABCX family stress model. The findings confirm that alongside the economic and livelihood impacts of the unemployment, the tourism industry’s workforce has also suffered from psychological externalities of the phenomenon, not only individually but also in terms of their relationships at different levels. It further elaborates the inculcation of resilience in the tourism workforce on part of the maintenance of stability and harmony in the original family. It implies that the head over heels job responsibilities and joblessness foster work-family conflict equally likely.

This study examines the correlation between female body image and social media usage, focusing on the impact it has on overall well-being. The popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) has significantly impacted our digital culture, providing options for self-expression, engagement, and communication. However, SNSs also bring certain drawbacks, such as the potential for body dissatisfaction and negative psychological effects. Gap: While previous research has examined the relationship between social media use and body image, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis that specifically focuses on the effects on female well-being. This study aims to fill the gap by providing a comprehensive exploration of the effects of social media use on female body image and its influence on overall well-being. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between social media usage and female body image, specifically focusing on the detrimental effects on well-being and mental health. By analyzing academic papers and research findings, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the intricate relationship between social media, body image, and well-being. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework was used to compile relevant literature. Data from Scopus sources was analyzed using the RStudio 4.2.1-win program. Various factors, such as the publishing year, author details, keywords, and document categories, were considered to identify important patterns and insights. It is recommended that awareness and educational campaigns be developed to promote a healthy body image and address the potential negative consequences of social media use. The analysis significantly contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a thorough examination of the connection between female body image on social media and usage, highlighting the detrimental effects on well-being and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study was carried out at Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; KSA to explore the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on the learning of undergraduate medical students from December 2019 till July 2020. This qualitative exploratory study, utilizing online focus group discussions to explore the psychological impact of COVID-19 on student's learning at the Ophthalmology Department of Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah; KSA. Ethical approval was taken from the college and a purposive convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Data was transcribed and analyzed by using thematic analysis. The study identified the multifold impact of COVID-19 on student's learning faced by the 4th year undergraduate medical students during an Ophthalmology module. Social isolation and the shift to an online mode of teaching and learning were the main challenges that affected student's learning in many ways. Four major effects of COVID-19 explored in the study were; psychological effects, the impact of social disconnect with peers and patients, impact on learning behavior changes and moment of myself. Results can be used by the medical educators to understand student's minds and needs to enhance their academic participation, learning and performance, especially in the current circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Contemporary Humanities & Educational Science is the property of International Journal of Contemporary Humanities & Educational Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the challenge that climate crisis implies, and the need to adopt urgent measures, all the disciplinary knowledge that humanity can develop is required to establish mitigation strategies. The objective of this article aims to contribute to the scientific discussion on climate change from the perspective of psychology, describing and analyzing the main factors that influence the sustainable behaviors exhibited by individuals. A non-systematic literature review was conducted, approaching the discussion from a reflective analysis perspective, given the potential of this tool for research in the field of education and social sciences. In this scenario, psychology provides significant resources to understand the diversity of personal and social responses to environmental care issues, both proactive and negationist. To this end, two major categories of study were reviewed: psychological factors and contextual factors. Then, the main intervention strategies are described through holistic and ecological models along with scientific evidence supporting their association allows to explain the sustainable actions of individuals. Finally, the pertinence of including these concepts in subsequent research addressing environmental themes for a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, countries all over the world took drastic measures to curb its spread. These measures had different kinds of effects on people based on their knowledge and attitude towards this pandemic. The people faced several kinds of difficulties in their day-to-day lives. All these aspects formed the basis of this article. The data were collected through convenience sampling from a sample of 110 respondents in Haryana (India). As the data were collected in July, the country was already in its second phase of unlocking after several months of lockdown. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. It was found that due to various awareness programs by the government, the majority of respondents had knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus and its effects. The people had an attitude of fighting the spread of the virus by taking the necessary precautions. There were slight psychological effects as the country had already started unlocking. Lastly, the difficulties faced during the pandemic were discussed which had disrupted the lives of the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]