99 results on '"psychological defense"'
Search Results
2. Mechanisms of psychological defense and its dominant communication strategies in high school students and first-year students
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Natalya V. Matyash, Tatyana A. Pavlova, and Georgy V. Pozdnyakov
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psychological defense ,mechanisms of psychological defense ,communication strategies of psychological defense ,high school students ,university students ,Education - Abstract
The study of psychological defense mechanisms is relevant due to their significance in the development of personality self-regulation as well as their importance in teaching and personal development of high school students and university students. The objective of the study is to identify and compare the features of psychological defense and its dominant communication strategies in high school students and first-year students. The theoretical analysis of the problem showed that it is insufficiently studied. The research hypothesizes that psychological defense of high school students and university students has a similar character, since they can be attributed to the same age group. The study involved high school students of comprehensive schools (n=50, aged 16-17, 30 of them were boys and 20 were girls) and first-year university students (n=100, aged 17-19, 65 of them were boys and 35 were girls) living in the city of Bryansk. To identify the most common types of psychological defense, the “Life Style Index” methodology was used (R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman, H. R. Conte); the study of psychological defense strategies was conducted using the questionnaire “Diagnosis of the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication” (V. V. Boyko). The obtained data indicate that the manifestation of different types of psychological defense and their dominant communication strategies in the two groups of subjects has a similar character. Statistically signifi cant differences between the indicators (according to the F-test) were not found either, which emphasizes that the subjects belong to the same psychological age – youth. Indeed, the mechanisms of regression and displacement are the center of psychological defense in high school students, and displacement is dominant in university students. The data also show that such psychological defense strategies as placidity and withdrawal (avoidance) prevail in adolescence. The research has revealed significant correlation between non-constructive defense communication strategies and immature, non-adaptive types of psychological defense in high school students and university students. The gathered data contribute to a more complete understanding of the patterns of behavior self-regulation in senior schoolchildren and first-year students. The results can be used in counseling and psychocorrective work of a psychologist, as well as in the process of teaching and personal development of high school students and university students.
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- 2023
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3. АТЫРАУ ОБЛЫСЫ БОЙЫНША ЖАСӨСПІРІМДЕР АРАСЫНДАҒЫ БУЛЛИНГ ЖӘНЕ КИБЕРБУЛЛИНГТІҢ АЛДЫН АЛУ ТӘЖІРИБЕЛЕРІ.
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М. П., Асылбекова, К. К., Шалгынбаева, and Г. К., Шолпанқұлова
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BULLYING ,VIOLENCE ,CRIMINALS ,CYBERBULLYING - Abstract
Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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4. A review on the psychology of emotion regulation
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Patrick, Shilpa and Haria, Jigar
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- 2021
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5. Characteristics of Professional Burnout of Administrative and Managerial Personnel of Russian Educational Organizations in the Context of the Introduction of Innovative Technologies
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Sofia S. Belousova
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professional burnout ,administrative and managerial personnel of educational organizations ,psychological defense ,motivational personality profile ,Education ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The specifics of professional burnout of teachers engaged, in addition to their direct pedagogical activities, in the administration of their educational organizations are studied. The relevance of the raised research problem is determined by the significant socio-economic and political changes taking place in the modern education system: its intensive modernization and the introduction of innovative technologies in education have an impact not only on the content side of the educational process but also on its organization. The implementation of these innovations falls on the shoulders of the administrative and managerial personnel of schools, demanding huge emotional, intellectual and mental costs from the latter. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of professional burnout and its symptoms in administrative and managerial personnel of educational organizations in relation to the severity of their psychological defenses and personality motivational profile. The sample was composed of 75 teachers (54 women, 21 men) in the position of school deputy director for studies and educational work. Their administrative work experience in an educational organization ranged from 1 to 23 years, the average age was 37.5 years. The study used a set of valid and reliable psychodiagnostic methods, including The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Questionnaire by Ch. Maslach and S.E. Jackson (adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova), The Life Style Index (LSI) by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H.R. Conte (adapted by E.S. Romanov and L.R. Grebenshchikov) and Diagnosis of the Motivational Structure of Personality by V. Milman. The correlation analysis revealed that among teachers who additionally occupy in an educational institution, professional burnout is interconnected with the manifestation of psychological defenses of suppression, projection and intellectualization. Also, a relationship was established between professional burnout and a decrease in motivation for communication, general activity, creative activity and social usefulness of activities. The revealed specifics of professional activity and burnout of school deputy directors as well as the characteristics of their strategies for overcoming crisis situations in professional activity under conditions of changes and uncertainties open up opportunities for us to develop and implement programs on preventing professional burnout in this category of teachers and providing psychological support for their professional activities.
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- 2021
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6. Protective and coping behaviour of representatives of socionomic professions with different professional experience
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L. M. Popova and T. S. Pukhareva
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socionomic professions ,professional activity ,psychological defense ,defense mechanisms ,coping ,coping strategies ,adaptive mechanisms ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The results of a theoretical and empirical study of psychological defenses and coping strategies of behaviour among employees of social service institutions are presented. The following methods were used in diagnostic procedures: “Life style Index” (R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman) and “Methods of coping behavior” (R. Lazarus and S. Folkman). As a result of the study, the respondents revealed the intensity of psychological defenses of the type “intellectualization”, “reactive education”, “denial” and coping strategies “problem solving planning”, “positive reassessment” and “search for social support”. The correlations of psychological defenses and coping strategies of respondents are interpreted. The specific differences of protective-coping behaviour among employees with different professional experience are shown: employees with up to ten years of experience are more inclined to compensated behaviour, and employees with ten years of experience or more – to self-control, a rational approach to solving difficulties, a responsible attitude to what is happening. The results of the study may be useful in the placement of personnel, in career counseling, in the framework of discourses on professional psychology. And further study of psychological defenses and coping strategies will help to understand the specifics of the professional identity of employees of a socionomic profile.
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- 2021
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7. The west in the mentality of the Greeks of the 8th century BC.
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Lebedeva, Iuliana
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SPACE perception , *MENTAL imagery , *GREEKS , *INTERNATIONAL organization , *IMPLICIT attitudes , *AMBIVALENCE - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to reveal the specifics of spatial perception among the Greeks of the 8th century BC in terms of the mental reconstruction of imaginary mythical space by way of an example of their representation of the spatial direction of the west. The first part of our research is devoted to a consideration of the problem of the perception of the extreme west as a source of danger to the world order and the analysis of mental spatial images performing the function of psychological defense. In the second part of the paper, the opposite qualitative characteristics of the west as mythical space in its interconnection with mythical time are considered. We have thus attempted to demonstrate ambivalence in the perception of the west inherent in people with mythological thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Negative Deviation Effect in Interpersonal Communication: Why People Underestimate the Positivity of Impression They Left on Others
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Li J, Zhong Z, and Mo L
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impression ,negative deviation ,negative thoughts ,psychological defense ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Industrial psychology ,HF5548.7-5548.85 - Abstract
Jiamin Li,1,2 Zhenchao Zhong,1,2 Lei Mo1,2 1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lei MoSchool of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail molei@m.scnu.edu.cnBackground: Recently, a study revealed that people liked others significantly more than they estimated that others liked them. Thus, the study found that people tended to underestimate how much others liked them, a phenomenon the authors called the Liking Gap. However, the logic and testing of the study existed unclear nature. In order to show whether people underestimate the positivity of impression they left on others, we directly compare the estimate of the impression we left on others with others’ actual impression of us, which make the logic clear. Besides, we explored the new findings with regard to the mechanism of the effect.Methods: Based on this idea, in study 1, we explored whether there is indeed a negative deviation effect in the estimate of the impression people left on others in short interpersonal communication. In study 2, we investigated the potential psychological mechanisms of that effect.Results: In Study 1, the results revealed that people estimated that others liked them significantly less than others actually liked them. That is, a negative deviation effect did occur, and even if people were clear about their liking for others, the effect still existed. In Study 2, we provided evidence that a negative deviation effect existed not just because people are too focused on their own-negative thoughts in conversational performance but rather because people had a psychological defense towards others in their first communication.Conclusion: People significantly underestimate how much they are liked and its reason is that their psychological defense towards others in their initial communication. The results of the study are beneficial for people in social interaction and provide them with new ways of thinking in interpersonal communication and mutual contact.Keywords: impression, negative deviation, negative thoughts, psychological defense
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- 2020
9. PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS OF THE FUTURE TEACHER TO COMMUNICATION WITH STUDENTS: THE MAIN TASKS
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Sapozhnikov S
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method of active social-psychological training (aspt) ,professional training ,future teacher ,contradictions ,disproportion ,pedagogical professionalism ,psychological defense ,Education ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The publication reveals the cause-effect relationships that are the basis of the psychological difficulties in communicating between future teachers and students and also substantiates the importance of using the method of active social psychological training (ASPT) for their professional training, reveals the peculiarities of functioning of “psychological defense”, which has negative impact on pedagogical teaching skills of the future teacher. The article shows that the most important condition for pedagogical professionalism is not only the teachers’ perfect knowledge of their subject but also such qualities as openness, goodwill, empathy, sincerity, ability to accept and understand others. To provide these personal preconditions for pedagogical professionalism, special training is required, which gives more than mastering academic knowledge and obtaining a set of recommendations. The article argues that the formation of the necessary personal qualities in the teacher is a very complex and emotionally rich process. It is noted that only by virtue of the actual emotional experience of the communication situation the future teacher can reach productive conclusions that will contribute to his or her personal development. The psycho-correction work presented in the article is ensured by the method of active social-psychological training (ASPT). Particular attention in the article is paid to the analysis of the integrity of the subject’s psyche in the process of communication, as well as the discovery of unconscious contradictory components that define it as a contradiction. It is argued that helping a subject in the realization of discrepancy (conditioned by “protection”) allows to make a transition into contradictions and thus contributes to personal development. It is noted that the way to this lies through the knowledge of human behavior since it expresses both conscious and unconscious phenomena, reveals the objective contradictions of the phenomena themselves, which are not yet realized. All of the above-mentioned is impossible to implement without scientific management of the process of personality development and timely disclosure of disproportionality, which is characterized by the presence of diverse motivational tendencies in order to help the individual in their awareness and constructive resolution.
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- 2019
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10. Psychological Defence and Cyber Security
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Ivo Juurvee and Uku Arold
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Estonia ,Russia ,Hybrid threats ,Cyber ,Psychological defense ,Strategic communication ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
Disruptive developments in the field of information and communication technology have enabled malicious actors to turn elements of the digital ecosystem into information weapons in hybrid conflict. Estonia has tackled the new security realm with comprehensive national defence that is built upon understanding that the society itself is object of security and should provide appropriate safeguards and responses. Estonian conceptualisations of national cybersecurity, cyber psychological defence, strategic communications are elaborated in the light of actual seminal threat situations. Analysis of evolvement of the strategic documents guides the recommendations for even deeper blend of the technical cybersecurity culture with value-centric psychological defence and internationalisation of information security situational awareness and planning.
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- 2021
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11. Conclusions
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Salzman, Michael B., Marsella, Anthony J., Series editor, and Salzman, Michael B.
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- 2018
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12. Features of Children Adaptive Behavior in Situations of School and Communication Difficulties
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Kuftyak E.V. and Samohvalova A.
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adaptive behavior ,coping behavior ,psychological defense ,students ,school adaptation ,communication difficulties ,Medicine - Abstract
The article considers the adaptive behavior of school-aged children with learning difficulties and communication difficulties. The sample included children with typical development, children with signs of school and social exclusion, as well as children with visual impairments. It was found that the coping strategies of children with learning difficulties focused on externalization and passive avoiding difficulties, unlike social-oriented strategies achievers students. Children with visual impairments less aware and deliberately overcome communication difficulties, unlike their peers with typical development.
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- 2015
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13. Main features of family functioning in families with pediatric asthma of varying severity
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Y. Yu. Galitsyna
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family with pediatric asthma ,type of education ,parental attitudes ,psychological defense ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
This research is focused on studying the types of education, parental attitudes and characteristics of defending strategies in families with pediatric asthma. Families with pediatric asthma have discovered a rigid system of family functioning and an existence of strict familiarly rules and roles. Based on the study results, where the factor analysis was applied, three groups of families with pediatric asthma were defined depending on to what degree the family functioning is violated. The correlation has been found between the characteristics of family functioning and severity of pediatric asthma.
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- 2016
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14. The Dynamics of Cultural Trauma: Implications for the Pacific Nations
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Salzman, Michael, Marsella, Anthony J., editor, Austin, Ayda Aukahi, editor, and Grant, Bruce, editor
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- 2005
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15. Psychological defense and academic achievement within pupils
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V A Negrii
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psychological defense ,defense mechanisms ,diagnostics ,school performance ,personality defense ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The present article is devoted to the issue of correlation between scholars’ academic achievement and defense mechanisms. A proprietary diagnostic technique of defense mechanisms is described. The application scope of the method is shown: diagnostics of senior pupils' defense mechanisms. The relationship between pupils’ academic achievement and defense mechanisms is analyzed.
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- 2013
16. Study of strategies for coping behavior in late adulthood
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Bakunina, M. Yu., Сыманюк, Э. Э., Symanyuk, E. E., УрФУ. Уральский гуманитарный институт, and Кафедра общей и социальной психологии
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МАГИСТЕРСКАЯ ДИССЕРТАЦИЯ ,PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ,MASTER'S THESIS ,ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАЩИТА ,COPING ,ДИССОНАНС ,DEVELOPMENT ,AGE ,ПОЗДНЯЯ ЗРЕЛОСТЬ ,КОНСУЛЬТИРОВАНИЕ ,COUNSELING ,ARMOR (SHELL) OF CHARACTER ,ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ ,LATE MATURITY ,COPING BEHAVIOR ,CRISIS ,КОПИНГ-ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ,РАЗВИТИЕ ,OVERCOMING BEHAVIOR ,ПРЕОДОЛЕВАЮЩЕЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ,БРОНЯ (ПАНЦИРЬ) ХАРАКТЕРА ,ВОЗРАСТ ,ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ,PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE ,КРИЗИС ,СОВЛАДАНИЕ ,OVERCOMING ,DISSONANCE - Abstract
Цель — исследование стратегий преодолевающего поведения в поздней зрелости у педагогов общеобразовательных школ. Объектом исследования стали педагоги общеобразовательных школ Свердловской области в возрасте поздней зрелости. Предмет исследования — стратегии преодолевающего поведения в поздней зрелости. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (113 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 88 страниц, на которых размещены 3 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы, которая должна вылиться в разработку технологии консультирования по выбору стратегий преодолевающего поведения в поздней зрелости. Первая глава представляет собой обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы, содержащие теоретические аспекты исследования преодолевающего поведения в поздней зрелости. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию психологических особенностей людей в поздней зрелости и двум типам механизмов – психологической защите и стратегиям преодолевающего поведения. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Подчеркивается важность психологических консультаций для людей в поздней зрелости, важность разговоров с ними о том, что существуют разные стратегии преодоления сложных случаев и проблем. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования – опытно-поисковому исследованию стратегий преодолевающего поведения в поздней старости. В ней представлено описание организации и методик проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам. Анализ уровня проявления механизмов психологической защиты проходил при помощи опросника Плутчика — Келлермана — Конте (LifeStyle Index). Для диагностического инструментария и исследования превалирующих стратегий преодолевающего поведения применялся опросник Стивена Хобфолла (Hobfoll) «Стратегии преодоления стрессовых ситуаций» (чаще всего именуется «Опросник SACS»), в основе которого лежит теория многоосевой модели поведения преодоления. В главе представлены результаты исследования. В качестве выводов предлагается практическая модель психологического консультирования в поздней зрелости. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. Предложены пути и способы преодоления кризисного этапа в развитии личности в поздней зрелости с опорой на психотехнологии. The goal is to study the strategies of overcoming behavior in late adulthood among teachers of secondary schools. The object of the study was teachers of secondary schools in the Sverdlovsk region at the age of late maturity. The subject of the research is the strategy of overcoming behavior in late adulthood. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (113 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 88 pages, which contain 3 figures and 6 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of the research, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work, which should result in the development of a technology for consulting on the choice of strategies for overcoming behavior in late maturity. The first chapter is a review of foreign and domestic literature, containing theoretical aspects of the study of overcoming behavior in late adulthood. Sections are presented devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of people in late adulthood and two types of mechanisms - psychological defense and strategies for overcoming behavior. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The importance of psychological counseling for people in late adulthood is emphasized, the importance of talking with them about the fact that there are different strategies for overcoming difficult cases and problems. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study - an experimental and exploratory study of strategies for overcoming behavior in late old age. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all methods used. Analysis of the level of manifestation of psychological defense mechanisms was carried out using the Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte questionnaire (LifeStyle Index). For diagnostic tools and the study of prevailing coping behavior strategies, Stephen Hobfoll's Stress Coping Strategies questionnaire (most commonly referred to as the SACS Questionnaire) was used, which is based on the theory of a multi-axis model of coping behavior. The chapter presents the results of the study. As conclusions, a practical model of psychological counseling in late adulthood is proposed. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, and the practical significance of the study is substantiated. The ways and means of overcoming the crisis stage in the development of personality in late maturity based on psychotechnologies are proposed.
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- 2022
17. The Imprint of Trauma
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Solomon, Zahava and Solomon, Zahava
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- 1993
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18. Ignoring biased feedback: Membership in a stigmatized group as a moderator of mnemic neglect.
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Newman, Leonard S., Eccleston, Collette P., and Oikawa, Masanori
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- *
PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback , *SOCIAL stigma , *BLACK students , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *SELF-perception - Abstract
A personal history of being the target of biased negative evaluation may lead individuals to habitually divert attention from negative feedback when it is possible to do so. Two studies tested for the first time the hypothesis that people belonging to a stigmatized group (Black students on a predominantly White campus) will, relative to non-stigmatized people, be more likely to engage inmnemic neglect—that is, they will reveal a greater tendency to insulate themselves from the effects of negative self-relevant feedback by means of motivated forgetting. The results of Study 1 supported that hypothesis. In Study 2, priming the concept of egalitarianism reduced the tendency of Black participants to engage in higher levels of mnemic neglect, consistent with the idea that the higher observed levels of mnemic neglect among stigmatized individuals derives from expecting biased, discriminatory responses from other people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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19. Using Sound to Deepen and Enliven Imagery Work
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Mati, Archa and Kunzendorf, Robert G., editor
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- 1991
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20. Psychological Defence and Cyber Security: Two Integral Parts of Estonia’s Comprehensive Approach for Countering Hybrid Threats
- Author
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Juurvee, Ivo, Arold, Uku, Juurvee, Ivo, and Arold, Uku
- Abstract
Disruptive developments in the field of information and communication technology have enabled malicious actors to turn elements of the digital ecosystem into information weapons in hybrid conflict. Estonia has tackled the new security realm with comprehensive national defence that is built upon understanding that the society itself is object of security and should provide appropriate safeguards and responses. Estonian conceptualisations of national cybersecurity, cyber psychological defence, strategic communications are elaborated in the light of actual seminal threat situations. Analysis of evolvement of the strategic documents guides the recommendations for even deeper blend of the technical cybersecurity culture with value-centric psychological defence and internationalisation of information security situational awareness and planning., Desenvolvimentos disruptivos no campo da tecnologia da informação e comuni-cação permitiram que atores maliciosos transformassem elementos do ecossistema digital em armas de informação em conflitos híbridos. A Estônia abordou o novo domínio da segurança com uma defesa nacional abrangente, baseada na compreen-são de que a própria sociedade é objeto de segurança e deve fornecer salvaguardas e respostas adequadas. As conceituações estonianas de cibersegurança nacional, defesa psicológica cibernética e comunicações estratégicas são elaboradas à luz de situações reais de ameaças seminais. A análise da evolução dos documentos estraté-gicos orienta as recomendações para uma mistura ainda mais profunda da cultura técnica de segurança cibernética com a defesa psicológica centrada em valores e a internacionalização da consciência situacional e do planejamento da segurança da informação., Los avances disruptivos en el campo de la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones han permitido a los actores malintencionados convertir elementos del ecosistema digital en armas de información en conflictos híbridos. Estonia ha abordado el nuevo ámbito de la seguridad con una defensa nacional integral que se basa en el entendimiento de que la propia sociedad es objeto de seguridad y debe proporcionar las salvaguardias y las respuestas adecuadas. Las conceptualizaciones estonias de la ciberseguridad nacional, la ciberdefensa psicológica y las comunica-ciones estratégicas se elaboran a la luz de situaciones reales de amenazas seminales. El análisis de la evolución de los documentos estratégicos guía las recomendaciones para una combinación aún más profunda de la cultura técnica de ciberseguridad con la defensa psicológica centrada en el valor y la internacionalización de la planifica-ción y el conocimiento de la situación de la seguridad de la información.
- Published
- 2021
21. Relations between typological personality traits and mechanisms of psychological defense
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Anatoly V. Ryapukhin, Vitaliy V. Kabakov, and Andrey E. Sorokin
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LC8-6691 ,Mechanism (biology) ,Psychological defense ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Research ,Subject (philosophy) ,Methodology ,Special aspects of education ,Education ,Personality ,Psychology ,Temperament ,Research Object ,Big Five personality traits ,Relation (history of concept) ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Research object is the typological personality traits. Subject of research is the relation of temperament and the mechanism of psychological defense. Purpose of the research is to reveal the relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that there is a relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can become the basis for the development of a program for the correction or optimization of psychological defense mechanisms based on the typological characteristics of the individual.
- Published
- 2021
22. COPING-STRATEGIES AND PROTECTIVE MODELS OF BEHAVIOR OF ORPHAN CHILDREN IN SOCIETY.
- Author
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Volodina, Juliya and Matyash, Natalia
- Subjects
- *
ORPHANS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *SOCIAL adjustment , *GRANTS (Money) , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The article describes the results of studies of coping behavior of orphans in difficult (crisis) situations. The testees are 100 adolescents without parental care, 13-15 years old (N = 100). Markers of mental trouble of orphan children are analysed, the analysis of protective models of behavior of the teenagers who have endured ill treatment in a family is carried out. Typical destructive models of behavior of orphan children in crisis situations are revealed, their comparative characteristic is submitted. The work is carried out with the aid of a grant of the President (Russia) MK-99.2014.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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23. ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОПИНГСТРАТЕГИЙ И МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У ЛИЦ С АЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТЬЮ
- Subjects
психологическая защита ,совпадающее поведение ,alcohol dependence ,механизмы защиты ,coping behavior ,psychological defense ,defense mechanisms ,coping strategies ,копинг-стратегии ,алкогольная зависимость - Abstract
Настоящая работа посвящена изучению особенностей защитно-совладающего поведения зависимой от алкоголя личности в свете необходимости оптимизации программ психотерапии аддиктивной патологии. Проведен анализ репертуара копинг-стратегий и механизмов психологической защиты при алкоголизме. Копинговые стратегии — это то, что делает человек, чтобы справиться со стрессом. Понятие объединяет когнитивные, эмоциональные и поведенческие стратегии, которые используются, чтобы совладать со стрессами, и в общем случае, с психологическими трудными ситуациями обыденной жизни. Близкое понятие, широко используемое и глубоко разработанное в русской психологической школе, This work is devoted to the study of the features of the protective and coping behavior of an alcohol-dependent person in the light of the need to optimize the programs of psychotherapy of addictive pathology. The author analyzes the repertoire of coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological defense in alcoholism. Coping strategies are what a person does to cope with stress. The concept combines cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies that are used to cope with stress, and in general, with the psychological difficulties of everyday life. A close concept, widely used and deeply developed in the Russian psychological school.
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- 2021
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24. [Untitled]
- Subjects
early age children ,�������� �������������� ���������������� ,���������������������� ������������������ ,���������������������� ,�������������������� ,������������������������������ ������������������ ,internal image of the disease ,psychological defense ,anxiety ,������������������ �� �������������� ,���������������������������� ,������������������������������ ������������ ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,neurological pathology ,�������������������� �������������� �������������� ,internality ,attitude to the disease ,maternal attitude ,nosognosia - Abstract
�� ������������ �������������������� �������������������������� ���������������� ������������������ ������������ �� ������������������������������ ������������������ �������������� �� �������������� ������������������ �������������������� �������������� ��������������. ������������������ �� �������������� (������������������������, ������������������) �� �������������� �������������������������� �� ������������������ �������������������� ������������������ ������������ �� ��������������. ������������ ������������������������. ���������������� ������������������������ ������������������ �� �������������� ���������������� (��.��. ���������� �� ��.��. ������������������) ������������������ ���������������� 5 ���������������������� �� ������������������ ������������������ �� �������������� ��������������: ����������������������������, ����������������������, ��������������������, ���������������� ��������������������, ���������� ��������������������������. �������������� ������������������������. �� ������������������������ ���������������������� 2 ������������ ��������������, �������������� ���������� �� ���������������� ���� 1 �������� ���� 3 ������. �� ���������������� ������������ ���������� ������������ ���������� �� ������������������������������ �������������������� (n=118), �������������� ������������������������������ ����������������: ���������������������� �������������� �������������������������� ������������������ ���������������������� �������������� ��������������, �������������� ������������������������ ��������������, ������������ ������������������������������ ������������������������. �� ���������������������� ������������ ���������� ������������ ���������� �������������� ����������������, ���� �������������� �������������������������������� ���������������� (n=159). �������������������� �� ��������������������. �� ������������������ ������������������������ ������������������ �� �������������� �������������� �������������������� �������������� �������������� ���������������������� �� ���������� ��������������������������; �������������������� �� ���������������������������� ���������������� ��������������; �������������������� ���������������������������� �������������� �������������� ��������������, ���� ���� ������������������������ �������������������� ��������������. �������������� �������������� �������������� �������������� ���������������������� �������������� ���� ������������ ������������ ������ ���������������� �� ������. ������ �������������������� ���������� �������������� �������������������� �� �������������� ������������ �������������� �� ������������������������������. ������������������������������ ������������ ������������ ���� ������������������ �� �������������� �� ������ ���������������������� ���� ������������������������ ���� ���� ���������������� ������������ ���������������������� �� ������������ ������������������������ ������������������ �� �������������� ��������������, ���� ������������������������ �������������������� �������������� �������������� �������������� ������������������������������ ������������������ �� ��������������. ������������������ ������������ �� �������������� �������������� �������������� ���������������� ���������� �������������� �� ���� ���������� �������������������� �� ��������������: �������� ���������� �������������������� ������������������ �� �������������� �������������� �� ������������������������ �������������� �������������� ������ ���������� ��������������, �������� ������ ������������ ���������������� ��������������, �������������� ������ ������������������ �� ������������������, �� ���������� ������������������������ ������������������ ������., The article substantiates the need to study the mother���s attitude to the neurological pathology of the child from the perspective of the concept of the internal image of the disease. The attitude to the disease (disorder, violation) of the child is analyzed in the structure of mother���s integral attitude to the child. Methods. The questionnaire ���Diagnostics of attitude to the child���s illness��� (V.E. Kagan and I.P. Zhuravleva) lets to identify 5 components in the structure of mother���s attitude to the child���s illness: internality, anxiety, nosognosia, activity control, general tension. The study involved 2 groups of mothers with early age children (1���3 years). The main group included mothers of children with neurological pathology (n=118) having neurological diagnoses: consequences of early organic damage of the central nervous system, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders. The control group included mothers of early age children, who does not have a neurological diagnosis (n=159). Results. In the structure of maternal attitude to the child���s illness, there is an average level of anxiety and general tension in connection with the child���s illness; the tendency to external control of the disease; the tendency to hypernosognosia, but not to limitation of the child���s activity. The severity of a child���s illness is assessed by the mother on the base of assessments of his/her health and intelligence. Having the child with objectively more severe disorders, mothers tend to overestimate the severity of the neurological pathology of a child. Mother���s psychological defense in relation to the child and their disease does not protect her from a high level of anxiety and general tension towards the child���s illness, but contributes to the mother���s hyponosognosia. The mother���s attitude to the illness of a young child is closely related to her general attitude to a child: the mother is less stressed about the child���s illness and perceives the child���s illness as less severe if she understands the child, the reasons of his/her behavior and condition, and also accepts it emotionally., ��������������������, ������������������������ �� ���������������������� ��������������������, ������������ 3 2021, Pages 554-565
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- 2021
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25. Nuo alkoholio priklausomų asmenų psichologinės gynybos savitumai.
- Author
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MOGILEVEC, Elena and ČINIKIENĖ, Rita
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGY of alcoholism , *DEFENSE mechanisms (Psychology) , *MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
In modern psychological personality theories of defense concept has gained an important role in enabling explain mental and psychosomatic disorders pathogenesis. However, we're missing Lithuanian scientist analyzing the alcohol-dependent expression of self-defense mechanisms and disease remission relationship. More, psychological defense mechanisms considered foreign scientists to study of alcohol-dependent individuals psychological defense revealed an alcoholic in denial. It was found that the occurrence of immature defense, the subjects showed behavioral difficulties and mature psychological defense was associated with better mental health. Aim of the research. This research aims to determine the alcohol-dependent individuals remission duration and defensive mechanisms of expression of the connection. Methods of the research. Data were collected using a life-style index questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software package version tailored to the Windows operating system, using the criteria of Friedman; Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearmen correlation coefficient. Choose the Confidence level: p < 0.05 - statistically significant. Confidence level Q=95 percent. Research design. The research was carried out in Kaunas, Alcoholics Anonymous groups, June 2012 -- September, in line with the psychologist's ethical rules, ensuring the anonymity of the persons involved in the investigation and the confidentiality and self-determination to participate in the study Participants of the research. The research included 93 voluntary alcohol dependent (33 women and 60 men) individuals attending Alcoholics Anonymous groups. The age -- from 22 to 69 years: women's average age -- 46 years old, male -- 44 years old. Results and conclusions of the research. For subjects who did not use alcohol to one year, and subjects who did not use alcohol for more than one year, the defense mechanisms expression of hierarchy are different. Faced with alcohol dependence remission rate, weakening the common defense and primitive (regression and reaction formations) defense mechanisms expression. For subjects who did not use alcohol to one year in total defense and immature (denial, reaction formations) and mature (rationalization) defense mechanisms are more strongly expressed than in subjects who did not use alcohol for more than one year [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
26. What's Recalled Depends on the Nature of the Recall Procedure.
- Author
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Newman, Leonard S., Sapolsky, Maxwell S., Ying Tang, and Bakina, Daria A.
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SELF-perception ,HUMAN behavior ,SOCIAL psychology ,MEMORY ,SOCIAL perception ,SOCIAL cognitive theory - Abstract
According to the mnemic neglect model, people process non-threatening feedback more deeply than threatening feedback. Tests of the model rely on behavior recall as the primary dependent variable. Similar to other research programs in social psychology, little attention has been paid to determining the optimal recall procedure for testing the model and replicating its predicted findings. Four experiments reveal that the results of mnemic neglect studies are significantly affected by recall period length and how recalled behaviors are reported. A few basic principles (e.g., output interference, output primacy as an index of accessibility) can account for these findings. The lessons learned apply not just to mnemic neglect research, but to any investigation of social-cognitive processes utilizing free recall measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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27. 'En kugge i krigsapparaten' : Bibliotekens roll i svensk kris- och krigsberedskap
- Author
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Wallin Lämsä, Camilla, Joyce, Marie-Louise, Wallin Lämsä, Camilla, and Joyce, Marie-Louise
- Abstract
In this thesis we explore the idea presented in the Swedish National Library Strategy (2019) to tie the public libraries closer to the nation’s total defense system. The purpose of the study has been to understand which problem this idea was formulated as a solution to and how the suggestion is problematized by information science professionals, using critical discourse analysis methods developed by Carol Bacchi. Our material consists of the finalized National Library Strategy, its first draft from 2018, and the referral responses by various interested parties, as well as interviews with 15 public librarians, library directors, and scholars of information science. We discuss how the psychological defense relates to the librarian’s statutory duty to facilitate citizen participation in deliberative democracy and to counteract misinformation. We also ask how the library professions might be affected by an active involvement in future civil defense efforts. Our results show that the National Library Strategy construes the idea as a security problem by portraying our society as affected by growing political tensions, rapidly spread misinformation, and chaos, making the total defense suggestion into a meaningful solution. In our interviews with information professionals, some respondents viewed the total defense as an extension of their work to advocate democracy and intellectual freedom, whereas others perceived ethical tensions and incongruity between the two missions, referring to traditional library ideals of political neutrality and independence. All respondents based their reflections of the total defense idea on the importance of deliberative democracy and the library’s prominent place in promoting it, but with differing perspectives of its relationship to the total defense system as either problematic or emblematic. Drawing on these results, we argue that a total defense mission is compatible with librarians’ professional ethics and statutory democracy advocacy, a
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- 2020
28. Toward an Integrative Theory of Psychological Defense.
- Author
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Hart, Joshua
- Subjects
- *
DEATH & psychology , *PREVENTION of injury , *MENTAL health , *WOUNDS & injuries , *ANXIETY , *AROUSAL (Physiology) , *ATTACHMENT behavior , *COGNITION , *DEFENSE mechanisms (Psychology) , *MORTALITY , *PSYCHOLOGY , *MATHEMATICAL models of psychology , *SELF-perception , *THEORY - Abstract
According to theories of “psychological defense,” humans are motivated to protect themselves against various types of psychological threat, including death awareness, uncertainty, and other inherently anxiety-provoking experiences. Protective mechanisms include strengthening close relationships; maintaining appraisals of self-worth, accomplishment, and agency; and cultivating meaningful views of the world. Thus, defensiveness theories incorporate research from many areas of psychology (e.g., information-processing biases, attitudes, and interpersonal and intergroup relations), to help explain why people think, feel, and act in the diverse ways that they do. Currently, the study of psychological defense is hindered by contradictory empirical results and a proliferation of theories that make very similar predictions. This article examines a cross-section of defensiveness theories and research, highlighting conclusions that can be drawn and areas where conceptual and research problems linger. It suggests that the field needs methodological innovation (e.g., more reliable and valid manipulations and measures of unconscious constructs, more diverse methodological approaches), a more complete and reliable body of data, and some fresh new ideas from psychological scientists across disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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29. A CONVERSATION WITH HOBSON.
- Author
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REES, ELLEN
- Abstract
The article presents the author's insights on the analysis made by author Allan Hobson regarding dreams. The author says that Hobson's model has showed that dream is a psychological event which is formed due to the functioning of the brain during sleep. Moreover, she explores Hobson's ideas on dream interpretation.
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- 2013
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30. Recovered memory experience in a nonclinical sample is associated with dissociation rather than with aversive experiences
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Chiu, Chui-De, Yeh, Yei-Yu, Ross, Colin A., Lin, Sheng-Feng, Huang, Wan-Ting, and Hwu, Hai-Gwo
- Subjects
- *
RECOVERED memory , *DISSOCIATION (Psychology) , *AVERSION , *SYMPTOMS , *COGNITIVE ability , *PSYCHOLOGY of college students - Abstract
Abstract: Different hypotheses exist for the relationship among trauma, dissociation, and recovered memory. According to one view, recovered memory results from dissociation that a survivor adopts as a defense mechanism during a traumatizing event to avoid emotional pain. From this perspective, trauma is a necessary antecedent to relate dissociative symptoms with recovered memory. Another view emphasizes the characteristics of the victim, such as fantasy proneness and atypical cognitive operations. This alternate view holds that trauma is not necessary in relating dissociation to recovered memory. We tested these two hypotheses, measuring recovered memory, dissociative symptoms, childhood interpersonal adversity, and fantasy proneness in a nonclinical sample of college students. Our results showed a significant correlation between recovered memory and dissociative symptoms; the correlation cannot be accounted for by childhood interpersonal adversity, fantasy proneness, or absorption. Recovered events can be negative, neutral, or even positive. Trauma is not necessary in relating recovered memory to dissociative symptoms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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31. Neuropathologies of the self: Clinical and anatomical features
- Author
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Feinberg, Todd E.
- Subjects
- *
NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *SELF , *NEUROANATOMY , *CONSCIOUSNESS , *EGOISM , *DELUSIONS , *FALSE memory syndrome , *DEFENSE mechanisms (Psychology) - Abstract
Abstract: The neuropathologies of the self (NPS) are disorders of the self and identity that occur in association with neuropathology and include perturbations of the bodily, relational, and narrative self. Right, especially medial-frontal and orbitofrontal lesions, are associated with these conditions. The ego disequilibrium theory proposes this brain pathology causes a disturbance of ego boundaries and functions and the emergence of developmentally immature styles of thought, ego functioning, and psychological defenses including denial, projection, splitting, and fantasy that the NPS patient has in common with the child. I hypothesize that during brain development between approximately ages 3 and 7 immature defensive functions and fantasies tend to be replaced by mature defenses and the inhibition of fantasy a process that depends upon maturational processes within the right hemisphere. I propose a four-tiered model of the NPS that emphasizes a multifactorial approach and includes both negative and positive, bottom up and top down, and neuropsychological and psychological factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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32. THE PERCEPTION AND THE RECOGNITION OF HUMAN FACES AND THEIR EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS - IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS.
- Subjects
- *
FACE perception , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *FACIAL expression , *VISUAL perception , *INTERPERSONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on face identification, perception, and emotional expressions by patients suffering from Schizophrenia. It is stated that the recognition of human facial expressions, and their configurations is based on the creation of the polysemantic interpersonal relationships; and this ability is lost in schizophrenic patients. It is stated that these patients are not competent to feel the human nature of faces; and faces cause emotional tension among them.
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- 2011
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33. The timeline of threat processing in repressors: more evidence for early vigilance and late avoidance
- Author
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Caldwell, Tracy L. and Newman, Leonard S.
- Subjects
- *
HYPOTHESIS , *VIGILANCE (Psychology) , *ATTENTION , *AVOIDANCE (Psychology) - Abstract
Abstract: Evidence is mixed concerning whether individuals with a repressive coping style can actually selectively avoid threatening stimuli. Recent research (Calvo & Eysenck, 2000) on repressors’ threat processing suggests that it is necessary to take into account the timeline of this bias. A spontaneous trait inference paradigm was used here to test the hypothesis that repressors would, relative to others, be less likely to infer unfavorable and threatening traits. However, if pressured to make trait inferences quickly, it was predicted that they would be less likely than others to infer favorable and unthreatening traits. Repressors and nonrepressors were presented with passages that could have supported positive or negative trait inferences. In Study 1, they were asked to respond to trait words as quickly as possible but were not held accountable for doing so. In Study 2, time pressure was increased to capture uncorrected trait inferences. Results indicated that repressors were more likely to make positive trait inferences than others when simply asked to respond quickly. Under time pressure, this bias disappeared. Results point to the importance of taking into account an important moderator between coping style and threat, namely, the stage of processing at which differences in threat processing are being assessed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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34. Attachment and Loss: A Test of Three Competing Models on the Association Between Attachment-Related Avoidance and Adaptation to Bereavement.
- Author
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Fraley, R. Chris and Bonanno, George A.
- Subjects
INDIVIDUAL differences ,ATTACHMENT behavior ,BEREAVEMENT ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,HYPOTHESIS ,ACCLIMATIZATION ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,FEAR ,GRIEF ,INDIVIDUALITY ,LOVE ,NONIONIZING radiation ,SOCIAL skills - Abstract
It is widely assumed that emotionally avoidant or defensive individuals will have a difficult time adjusting to the loss of a loved one. However, recent research suggests that defensive individuals tend to adapt quite well to loss. Such findings pose a number of challenges to attachment theory--a theory that has traditionally held that emotional avoidance is indicative of poor psychological adjustment. In this article, the authors argue that contemporary models of individual differences in adult attachment allow the derivation of at least three competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between avoidant attachment and adaptation to loss. These hypotheses are tested using two-wave data on 59 bereaved adults. Results indicate that whereas some avoidant individuals (i.e., those who are fearfully avoidant) have a difficult time adapting to the loss of a loved one, other avoidant adults (i.e., those who are dismissingly avoidant) show a pattern of resilience to loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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35. 'A cog in the war machine' : The role of public libraries in the Swedish total defense
- Author
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Wallin Lämsä, Camilla and Joyce, Marie-Louise
- Subjects
Sweden ,bibliotekspolitik ,Emergency preparedness ,kriser ,Civil defense ,policyanalys ,Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap ,coronavirus ,Library and Society ,Totalförsvaret ,bibliotek och samhälle ,Psychological Defense ,Information Studies ,Crisis ,krishantering ,psykologiskt försvar ,diskursanalys ,Policy analysis ,Library Policy ,Discourse analysis - Abstract
In this thesis we explore the idea presented in the Swedish National Library Strategy (2019) to tie the public libraries closer to the nation’s total defense system. The purpose of the study has been to understand which problem this idea was formulated as a solution to and how the suggestion is problematized by information science professionals, using critical discourse analysis methods developed by Carol Bacchi. Our material consists of the finalized National Library Strategy, its first draft from 2018, and the referral responses by various interested parties, as well as interviews with 15 public librarians, library directors, and scholars of information science. We discuss how the psychological defense relates to the librarian’s statutory duty to facilitate citizen participation in deliberative democracy and to counteract misinformation. We also ask how the library professions might be affected by an active involvement in future civil defense efforts. Our results show that the National Library Strategy construes the idea as a security problem by portraying our society as affected by growing political tensions, rapidly spread misinformation, and chaos, making the total defense suggestion into a meaningful solution. In our interviews with information professionals, some respondents viewed the total defense as an extension of their work to advocate democracy and intellectual freedom, whereas others perceived ethical tensions and incongruity between the two missions, referring to traditional library ideals of political neutrality and independence. All respondents based their reflections of the total defense idea on the importance of deliberative democracy and the library’s prominent place in promoting it, but with differing perspectives of its relationship to the total defense system as either problematic or emblematic. Drawing on these results, we argue that a total defense mission is compatible with librarians’ professional ethics and statutory democracy advocacy, as long as libraries can continue to foster free opinion formation and unbiased information evaluation independent from state interests during wartime and times of crisis. This is a two years master's thesis in library and information science.
- Published
- 2020
36. ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬЮ СТРЕССОВОЙ СИТУАЦИИ (на примере курсантов военно-технического вуза)
- Subjects
жизнестойкость ,совладание ,coping ,Coping (psychology) ,психологическая защита ,cadets of a military technical university ,Stress (linguistics) ,Technical university ,psychological defense ,Psychology ,resilience ,курсанты военно-технического вуза ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
В статье приводятся основные результаты лонгитюдного исследования жизнестойкости и защитно-совладающего поведения и психологического благополучия курсантов военно-технического вуза. Полученные данные позволили сформулировать основные направления формирования жизнестойкости курсантов., The article presents the main results of a longitudinal study of the resilience and defensive and coping behaviour of cadets of a military technical university. Based on the data obtained, the main directions of the students’ resilience forming are given., Научное мнение, Выпуск 7-8 2020
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- 2020
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37. Особенности защитных механизмов личности у лиц с различными психосоматическими заболеваниями
- Subjects
защитные механизмы личности ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,психологическая защита ,психосоматические заболевания ,psychological defense ,psychosomatic diseases ,psychological defense mechanisms - Abstract
Изучены защитные механизмы личности у пациентов с тремя видами психосоматических заболеваний (сахарный диабет, бронхиальная астма, гастрит). Проведено сопоставительное исследование как психологических защит при разных видах психосоматических заболеваний, так и в зависимости от давности возникновения заболевания. Показано, что пациенты с вновь выявленным заболеванием используют более широкий репертуар защитных механизмов, а также чаще используют конструктивные виды защит (компенсация, рационализация), что, вероятно, свидетельствует о более высоком уровне стрессоустойчивости в начале заболевания. Пациенты с такими заболеваниями, как сахарный диабет, бронхиальная астма, склонны к использованию более деструктивных защитных механизмов вытеснения и отрицания, в отличие от пациентов с гастритом. Более конструктивные психологические защиты, такие как компенсация и рационализация, чаще используют пациенты с гастритом. Во всех группах с хроническим заболеванием доминирующим защитным механизмом высокого уровня напряжения является замещение, что, вероятно, можно определить как замещение решения своих проблем (неприемлемых чувств, действий, недостижимых объектов и т. д.) соматической патологией., Personal defense mechanisms of patients with three kinds of psychosomatic diseases (diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, gastritis) are studied. Peculiarities of psychological defense mechanisms are studied not only in patients with different kinds of diseases, but also in patients with different duration of disease. It was showed that patients with diseases found not so long ago have wider psychological defenses and more often use constructive defenses such as compensation and rationalization, which can be related to their higher stress resistance at the beginning of disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma are more likely to use destructive defenses of repression and denying unlike patients with gastritis. Constructive defense such as compensation and rationalization is more likely to be used by patients with gastritis. all patients with chronic diseases use repression much more often than other defense mechanisms, and it may be related with their tendency to solve emotional and other problems by means of their psychosomatic diseases., Психиатрия, психотерапия и клиническая психология, Выпуск 1 2020
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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38. MANIFESTATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES OF CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF TECHNICAL SPECIALIZATION STUDENTS
- Subjects
159.964.21-057.875 (045) ,technical specialization students ,creativity ,creative personality ,psychological defense ,denial ,compensation ,displacement ,intellectualization ,студенти технічного напряму ,креативність ,креативна особистість ,психологічний захист ,заперечення ,компенсація ,заміщення ,інтелектуалізація - Abstract
У статті висвітлено проблему ефективного використання механізмів психологічного захисту як способу вирішення внутрішньоособистісних конфліктів креативних особистостей студентів технічного напряму. Представлено аналіз теоретичних підходів щодо розуміння поняття психологічних механізмів захисту, їх ролі у структурі особистості. Значна увага приділяється порівнянню трактування функцій захисних механізмів з точки зору гуманістичного та психоаналітичного напрямків. Розглянуто динаміку розвитку психологічних механізмів, яка, з точки зору креатологічного підходу, базується на трьох стадіях: існування в якості захисних механізмів; перехід від захисту до механізмів соціалізації; трансформація у механізми творчості. А також, обґрунтовано позитивні сторони та способи використання захисних механізмів для виходу з фруструючих ситуацій креативними особистостями шляхом усвідомлення, структурування та динамізації несвідомих компонентів системи психологічного захисту. У статті описано результати емпіричного дослідження рівнів особистісної креативності та творчого мислення у студентів напрямку «Кібернетична безпека», для чого було проведено первинну діагностику рівня особистісної креативності О. Тунік та творчого мислення Е. Торренса (модифікація А. Вороніна) відповідно, після чого було організовано подальшу діагностику прояву механізмів психологічного захисту у студентів з високим рівнем креативності за методикою Плутчика-Келлермана-Конте. Отримані результати свідчать про наявність у студентів технічного напряму з високим рівнем креативності певної комбінації домінуючих механізмів психологічного захисту, а саме: заперечення, компенсації, заміщення та інтелектуалізації. У статті представлено аналіз захисних механізмів (заперечення, компенсація, заміщення, інтелектуалізація) креативних студентів технічного напряму з точки зору психологічного обґрунтування їх ефективності та зроблено висновок про переважаючу конструктивність характеру цих механізмів The article describes the problem of effective use of psychological defense mechanisms as a method of solving intrapersonal conflicts of creative personalities of technical specialization students. An analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of psychological defense mechanisms and their role in the structure of personality is presented. Much attention is given to the comparison of the interpretation of the functions of defense mechanisms in terms of humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches. The dynamics of the development of psychological mechanisms is considered, which, in terms of the creatological approach, is based on three stages: the existence of defense mechanisms; transition from defensive to socialization mechanisms; transformation in the mechanisms of creativity. Furthermore, the article describes the positive aspects and methods of using defense mechanisms for eliminating frustration situations by creative personalities by understanding, structuring and dynamizing unconscious components of the system of psychological defenses. The article describes the results of empirical research of the level of personal creativity and creative thinking of technical specialization students, it included primary diagnosis of the level of personal creativity O. Tunick and diagnosis of creative thinking E. Torrances (modification A. Voronin) respectively, after which a secondary diagnosis of the defense mechanisms of students with a high level of creativity was organized and based on the method of Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte. It is concluded that there is a presence in technical specialization students with a high level of creativity of a certain combination of dominant psychological defense mechanisms, such as: denial, compensation, displacement and intellectualization. The article presents the analysis of individual defense mechanisms (denial, compensation, displacement and intellectualization) of technical specialization creative students from the point of view of psychological substantiation of their effectiveness and conclusion of the prevailing constructive nature of the mechanisms was made
- Published
- 2019
39. CONTENT, APPLICATION OF APPROACHES OF THE DESCRIPTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL
- Author
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Illiuk, О. О.
- Subjects
психологічний захист ,психоаналіз ,неврози ,взаємодія ,психологічний захист трансформації ,психологічний захист оптимізації ,раціональний психологічний захист ,моральний дух ,чуттєвий психологічний захист ,базовий (ейдетичний) психологічний захист ,свідомий психологічний захист ,несвідомий психологі ,psychological defense ,psychoanalysis ,neuroses ,interaction ,psychological defense of transformation ,psychological defense of optimization ,rational psychological defense ,morale - Abstract
It is known from official reports, that the considerable amount of participants in the counterterrorist operation has gotten psychological traumas. This problem actualizes necessity in implementing of real psychological protection of personnel. It's caused critical necessity for psychological traumas to be classified, their content and essence to be explored, their features and their general sings for practical use to be defined.Using the analysis of scientific researches there were set five approaches to description of psychological protection: psychoanalytic, psychotherapeutic, psychophysiological, psychological, philosophical.In the frames of philosophical approach, the researches of rational psychological protection testify that its essential features and logical volume are similar to morale of personnel. That's why achievement and maintenance of high morale is important mission not only for commanders, headquarters, personnel structures , but also for structures of psychological support.Definition of general and special signs of following approaches to description of psychological protection gave reasons to conclude that both practical and theoretical concepts of all approaches may be used in work with personnel. But considering their features: philosophical approach will be more appropriate for evaluation and prediction of psychological protection, psychological casualties and psychological security, psychological training of servicemen, psychological support during military combat tasks, psychoprophylaxis and psychohygiene; psychoanalytic, psychotherapeutic, psychophysiological and psychological approaches for psychotherapy, psycho-correction, psycho-rehabilitation., Класифіковано підходи до опису психологічного захисту, розкрито їх зміст, загальні й особливі ознаки та застосування у практичній діяльності.
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- 2019
40. USE OF METAPHORS IN THE WORK OF PSYCHOLOGIST-CONSULTANT
- Author
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Vasilevska, E. and Dvornichenko, L.
- Subjects
творча уява ,метафора ,метафоричність ,метафоричний образ ,терапевтична метафора ,порівняння ,психологічний захист ,самовираження особистості ,психолог ,психолог-консультант ,metaphor ,metaphorical image ,therapeutic metaphor ,simile ,psychological defense ,self-expression of subject ,imagination - Abstract
Стаття присвячена дослідженню використання терапевтичної метафори в роботі психолога консультанта. Проаналізовані сучасні тенденції вивчення даної проблеми. Розглянуто процес створення метафори, психологічні механізми її конструювання, особливості метафоричних здібностей. Аналізуються особливості роботи з метафорою в позитивній терапії, казкотерапії., The article is devoted to investigation of the therapeutic use of metaphor by the practical psychologist. The current trend of studying of this theme has been analyzed. In particular, metaphor, employing conscious layers of the psyche, is an instrument of expression of the symbolic unconscious meaning, which is devoid of insignificant specifics: it allows objectifying the internal mechanisms of constructive or destructive social adaptation. If the specification of a rational representation of subjective meaningful material reduces the possibility of deep psychological knowledge to a specific person, the metaphor opens space for its understanding by many people, particularly for deep knowledge, detection of static and dynamic characteristics of the unconscious. The process of metaphors creating during which such logical operations are involved as analysis and comparison with the imagination that contributes to the understanding of the function has been considered. Efficiency of understanding through the metaphor is conditioned by its psychological essence - the ability to activate the emotional and intellectual sphere. The features of the metaphor in a positive psychotherapy and fairy-therapy have been explored. Positive psychotherapy considers personality as a creator of one’s own history and connects the therapeutic effect of metaphor with recalibration of situation. The basis of fairy-therapy includeɿ metaphors, symbolism and imagery, which open the possibility for integration of conscious and unconsciousɸ. Not all are able to adequately expression of own emotions, but are able to exercise their underlying problems through symbol, image during direct creative activity. This circumstance allows to recover immature or lost in ontogenesis information and emotional connection with the environment, their own inner world. Fairy metaphor have high efficiency, overcoming system of psychological defense that affect in representing of personal and meaningful material, causing deviations from reality and distort the perception of objective reality. This levels situational protection, offers the possibility of entering the basic protection associated with the logic of the unconscious, in the structure of metaphors appeals to personal resources are laid, its use facilitates integration of the individual.
- Published
- 2019
41. MANIFESTATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSES OF CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF TECHNICAL SPECIALIZATION STUDENTS
- Abstract
The article describes the problem of effective use of psychological defense mechanisms as a method of solving intrapersonal conflicts of creative personalities of technical specialization students. An analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of psychological defense mechanisms and their role in the structure of personality is presented. Much attention is given to the comparison of the interpretation of the functions of defense mechanisms in terms of humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches. The dynamics of the development of psychological mechanisms is considered, which, in terms of the creatological approach, is based on three stages: the existence of defense mechanisms; transition from defensive to socialization mechanisms; transformation in the mechanisms of creativity. Furthermore, the article describes the positive aspects and methods of using defense mechanisms for eliminating frustration situations by creative personalities by understanding, structuring and dynamizing unconscious components of the system of psychological defenses. The article describes the results of empirical research of the level of personal creativity and creative thinking of technical specialization students, it included primary diagnosis of the level of personal creativity O. Tunick and diagnosis of creative thinking E. Torrances (modification A. Voronin) respectively, after which a secondary diagnosis of the defense mechanisms of students with a high level of creativity was organized and based on the method of Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte. It is concluded that there is a presence in technical specialization students with a high level of creativity of a certain combination of dominant psychological defense mechanisms, such as: denial, compensation, displacement and intellectualization. The article presents the analysis of individual defense mechanisms (denial, compensation, displacement and intellectualization) of technical specialization creative students from the poi
- Published
- 2019
42. РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ РЕФЛЕКСИВНОГО ПОДХОДА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ БАКАЛАВРОВ ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ КУРСА «ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАЩИТА ЛЮДЕЙ В ЧС»
- Subjects
reflexive component ,conflict ,competence ,рефлексивный подход ,профессиональные качества ,psychological defense ,emergency situations ,чрезвычайные ситуации ,Course (navigation) ,психологическая защита ,Reflexivity ,professional qualities ,рефлексивный механизм ,reflexive approach ,Medical education ,Realisation ,reflexive mechanism ,компетентность ,приемы психологического влияния ,Professional competence ,methods of psychological influence ,конфликт ,рефлексия ,Psychology ,reflection ,рефлексивный компонент - Abstract
В статье описаны результаты рефлексивного подхода в организации образователь ного процесса студентов направления 44.03.01 — «Педагогическое образование» профиля «География и Безопасность жизнедеятельности». Рефлексия рассматривается как необходимое качество студентов при обучении безопасности жизнедеятельности. Проведено исследование по определению сформированности рефлексивного компонента культуры безопасности при изучении курса «Психологическая защита людей в ЧС». Критерием качества профессиональной подготовки будущего учителя безопасности жизнедеятельности является сформированность определенных качеств личности, позволяющих внедрить в практику знания и умения безопасной жизни в окружающем мире. Представлена структура и содержание рабочей тетради, которая использовалась при развитии рефлексивного компонента профессиональной компетенции., The article describes the results of the reflexive approach to the educational process of students specialising in Pedagogical Education (the “Geography and Life Safety” profile). Reflection is considered as a necessary quality of students in life safety education. The author studied the formation of the reflexive component of the safety culture in studying the course “Psychological Protection of People in Emergency Situations”. The criterion for the quality of professional training of a future teacher of life safety is the formation of certain personality traits, that allows to introduce into practice the knowledge and skills of a safe life in the outside world. The paper presents the structure and content of the workbook, which was used in the development of the reflexive component of professional competence., Научное мнение, Выпуск 10 2018, Pages 67-73
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ТРЕВОЖНОСТИ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАЩИТ СТУДЕНТОВ: ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К РЕШЕНИЮ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
- Subjects
students ,психологические защиты ,студенты ,social anxiety ,psychological defense ,социофобии ,lcsh:L7-991 ,социальная тревожность ,lcsh:Education (General) ,social phobia - Abstract
Рассматривается проблема социальной тревожности студентов университета через ее взаимосвязь с механизмами психологических защит, участвующих в сохранении психологического гомеостаза. Содержатся данные самостоятельного эмпирического исследования, проведенного в рамках реализации комплексной программы социально-психологической помощи студентам, оказавшимся в условиях дезадаптации. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что студенты с повышенным уровнем социальной тревожности в критических ситуациях применяют как менее зрелые (проективные механизмы защит) – вытеснение, регрессию, так и более зрелые (дефензивные) – проекцию, компенсацию, используя как уровни «перцептивной защиты» с удалением информации из сферы сознания, так и уровень переструктуризации информации. Выбор механизмов защиты зависит от многих факторов, в первую очередь от структуры личности, а также уровня образованности, социального статуса, возраста, пола, что требует дополнительного изучения. В ряде ситуаций мощный стрессовый, кризисный фактор, психическое расстройство, фармакологические девиации могут оп ределять специфичность набора используемых механизмов психологических защит.
- Published
- 2015
44. Метафора В Роботі Психолога-Консультанта
- Subjects
metaphorical image ,self-expression of subject ,simile ,psychological defense ,metaphor ,imagination ,therapeutic metaphor - Abstract
The article is devoted to investigation of the therapeutic use of metaphor by the practical psychologist. The current trend of studying of this theme has been analyzed. In particular, metaphor, employing conscious layers of the psyche, is an instrument of expression of the symbolic unconscious meaning, which is devoid of insignificant specifics: it allows objectifying the internal mechanisms of constructive or destructive social adaptation. If the specification of a rational representation of subjective meaningful material reduces the possibility of deep psychological knowledge to a specific person, the metaphor opens space for its understanding by many people, particularly for deep knowledge, detection of static and dynamic characteristics of the unconscious. The process of metaphors creating during which such logical operations are involved as analysis and comparison with the imagination that contributes to the understanding of the function has been considered. Efficiency of understanding through the metaphor is conditioned by its psychological essence - the ability to activate the emotional and intellectual sphere. The features of the metaphor in a positive psychotherapy and fairy-therapy have been explored. Positive psychotherapy considers personality as a creator of one’s own history and connects the therapeutic effect of metaphor with recalibration of situation. The basis of fairy-therapy includeі metaphors, symbolism and imagery, which open the possibility for integration of conscious and unconsciousю. Not all are able to adequately expression of own emotions, but are able to exercise their underlying problems through symbol, image during direct creative activity. This circumstance allows to recover immature or lost in ontogenesis information and emotional connection with the environment, their own inner world. Fairy metaphor have high efficiency, overcoming system of psychological defense that affect in representing of personal and meaningful material, causing deviations from reality and distort the perception of objective reality. This levels situational protection, offers the possibility of entering the basic protection associated with the logic of the unconscious, in the structure of metaphors appeals to personal resources are laid, its use facilitates integration of the individua
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. МЕТАФОРА В РОБОТІ ПСИХОЛОГА-КОНСУЛЬТАНТА
- Subjects
metaphorical image ,self-expression of subject ,simile ,psychological defense ,metaphor ,imagination ,therapeutic metaphor - Abstract
The article is devoted to investigation of the therapeutic use of metaphor by the practical psychologist. The current trend of studying of this theme has been analyzed. In particular, metaphor, employing conscious layers of the psyche, is an instrument of expression of the symbolic unconscious meaning, which is devoid of insignificant specifics: it allows objectifying the internal mechanisms of constructive or destructive social adaptation. If the specification of a rational representation of subjective meaningful material reduces the possibility of deep psychological knowledge to a specific person, the metaphor opens space for its understanding by many people, particularly for deep knowledge, detection of static and dynamic characteristics of the unconscious. The process of metaphors creating during which such logical operations are involved as analysis and comparison with the imagination that contributes to the understanding of the function has been considered. Efficiency of understanding through the metaphor is conditioned by its psychological essence - the ability to activate the emotional and intellectual sphere. The features of the metaphor in a positive psychotherapy and fairy-therapy have been explored. Positive psychotherapy considers personality as a creator of one’s own history and connects the therapeutic effect of metaphor with recalibration of situation. The basis of fairy-therapy includeі metaphors, symbolism and imagery, which open the possibility for integration of conscious and unconsciousю. Not all are able to adequately expression of own emotions, but are able to exercise their underlying problems through symbol, image during direct creative activity. This circumstance allows to recover immature or lost in ontogenesis information and emotional connection with the environment, their own inner world. Fairy metaphor have high efficiency, overcoming system of psychological defense that affect in representing of personal and meaningful material, causing deviations from reality and distort the perception of objective reality. This levels situational protection, offers the possibility of entering the basic protection associated with the logic of the unconscious, in the structure of metaphors appeals to personal resources are laid, its use facilitates integration of the individua
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Psychological Defense and Coping in the Prognosis of Children Mental Adaptation
- Author
-
Elena Kuftyak
- Subjects
Coping (psychology) ,education ,Adaptation level ,Coping behavior ,psychological defense ,Developmental psychology ,Typically developing ,Distraction ,Psychological adaptation ,General Materials Science ,coping behavior ,Psychology ,adaptive behavior ,mental adaptation - Abstract
The present study investigates the adaptive behavior formation of school-age children with typical development and learning difficulties. We have suggested that the psychological defenses intensity in certain time periods and referencing to the activity degree of coping strategies choosing may help to predict the state of children psychological adaptation. The study showed that in group of children with learning difficulties comparing to the typically developing children group the representation of coping strategies focusing on passive distraction is higher in children with a low adaptation level. We have investigated that disadaptation factors in junior pupils with learning difficulties are directly associated with the selection indicators of externalizational coping.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dependence of Student's Educational Activity Meanings on the Peculiarities of Coping Behavior
- Author
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Elena Burdina, Nelly Pfeifer, Fatima Tashimova, Aynash Kudysheva, and Nelly Pigovaeva
- Subjects
Meaning ,Coping (psychology) ,Egocentrism ,psychological defense ,overcoming ,Ethical egoism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,educational activity ,Objective analysis ,Cognition ,Coping behavior ,Developmental psychology ,Selfishness ,coping behavior ,General Materials Science ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,media_common ,Educational systems - Abstract
Formation of subject of educational system depends on the meaning which students include in the educational activity(Tashimova F.2010). The problem of personal sense of learning and its determinants were considered in works of H.I. Lijmets (Lijmets H.I., 1982). He determined that cognitive meaning is characteristic of only 25% of all students. Thereby, it is interesting which meanings are produced by University students and what kind of factors determine them. We proceed from the hypothesis that meanings are determined by actualized system of educational requirements, which depend on their coping peculiarities. Used research methods: According to hypothesis following methods were used in the research: 1. Frydenberg, E., Lewis, R. Adolescent (Coping Scale - ACS), adopted by Krjukova T.N. (Krjukova T.N., 2004); methodic “Meaning of behavior” (Tashimova F.S., 1995). Processing was carried out by means of factor and objective analysis. As a result four groups of students with different meanings of educational activities were pointed out: 1st group - self-affirmation: 2nd group - cognition; 3d group - communication; 4th group - achievement. It was pointed out that the meaning of self-affirmation is provided with mobile coping style, which is characterized by high orientation on problem solving and a high level of self-control (egoism, selfishness). The meaning of cognition is typical for students with a harmonious style of coping, where the process of overcoming and protection are in equilibrium. The communicative meaning is stimulated by egocentric style of coping, determined by the prevalence of psychological defense mechanisms (Withdrawal, Johanna's complex). In this group of students educational process compensates egocentrism by provision of communication. The meaning of achievement (obtaining a diploma) is identified by sociocentric coping style, in which dominates focus on receiving assistance from other people.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Psychological Problems of Learning Resistance
- Author
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Varvara A. Negrii
- Subjects
Clinical interview ,Cognitive science ,education ,Resistance development ,defense mechanisms ,learning resistance ,Stability (learning theory) ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,psychological defense ,Phenomenon ,General Materials Science ,Set (psychology) ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
The article refers to the phenomenon of learning resistance and assumes that individual defense mechanisms have much influence upon its development. Defense mechanisms are considered as a set of actions aimed to the reduction or elimination of any change that threatens the integrity and stability of biopsychic individual. The author's method of defense mechanisms diagnostics is described, along with the field of this method application: defense mechanisms diagnostics, individual profiles for making hypotheses, hypotheses verification in a clinical interview and the following work with identified defenses involved in the learning resistance development.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Consultation to Complex Organizations in Transition : The Dynamics of Change and the Principles of Applied Consultation
- Author
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Hirschowitz, Ralph G., Ahmed, Paul I., editor, and Plog, Stanley C., editor
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Emotions, Immunity and Disease: An Historical and Philosophical Perspective
- Author
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Solomon, G., Ballieux, R. E., editor, Fielding, J. F., editor, and L’Abbate, A., editor
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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