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Self-criticism consists of a mode of thinking aimed at self-evaluation, which can take the form of a hostile and self-accusatory internal dialogue negatively affecting individual well-being. Self-criticism is a common factor in various mental disorders, and it represents an obstacle to the alliance and therapeutic success. Several theoretical models have been proposed in recent decades to account for self-criticism and its role as a non-specific vulnerability factor, leading various authors to develop interventions to reduce maladaptive selfcriticism in highly self-critical individuals. Furthermore, several therapeutic models, not specifically designed to reduce self-criticism, can achieve positive secondary effects on self-criticism. The present work proposes a review of intervention models for reducing self-criticism, both from a prevention and treatment perspective, illustrating their limitations, clinical implications, and possible future directions for research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies about mental health report a higher illness prevalence in physicians than in general population. Mental health Illness is multifactorial, and its negative consequences range from stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, somatic manifestation to suicide. Health professionals are educators and know the importance of creating and training compassionate and competent physicians. The aim of this study was to describe mental health strategies in postgraduate doctors. Out of a total of 494 articles, only 9 were analyzed which mentioned some strategy for mental health improvement, such as diffusion, timely detection of mental health conditions, in-person or online training, integral care, support groups, socialization, pairing, physical activity, followup and support, reinforcement of institutional norms and values, including strategies from the Puebla Decentralized Administrative Operating Body. The strategies implemented in the optimization of mental health in trainee doctors increase resilience and optimism while simultaneously reduce the prevalence of mental health conditions. In addition, they provide the necessary tools for self-care. The Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS, according to its initialism in Spanish) is aware of this, which is why it systematizes the different strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A apresentação explora as possibilidades de leitura da obra de Kurt Schneider a partir de uma perspectiva fenômeno-estrutural. Identificamos duas tendências gerais na apropriação das obras de autores que se posicionam fora dessa tradição: uma que tende à tradução e outra que tende à interpretação. Neste trabalho, privilegiamos a leitura interpretativa da obra de Schneider através de um movimento duplo: a análise da organização nosológica herdada de Jaspers e dos Sintomas de Primeira Ordem. A herança do dualismo empírico e da chave compreensibilidade-incompreensibilidade gera constrições que, em última instância, produzem um encavalamento entre psicopatologia e nosologia.

Este artigo desenvolve uma compreensão original do amor erótico como modo de ser, experiência vivida distinta da paixão e do sexo. Através de citações literárias, explora as condições de possibilidade do amor manifesto por sua ênfase, em diálogo aberto com referências filosóficas da tradição fenomenológica, e por sua privação, à luz das patologias do amor como derivadas de paixão e sexo: o enamoramento e a perversão sexual. O amor e suas patologias são dialeticamente relacionados com os processos vividos do amadurecimento, dos pontos de vista da psicopatologia fenômeno-estrutural e da literatura. Na sequência, o orgasmo e a arte são apresentados como expressões do amor. Conjectura-se, ainda, a possibilidade de uma terapêutica às patologias do amor por meio da abertura intersubjetiva ao amor; e, por fim, assinala-se o amor vivido, enquanto experiência dual de aprofundamento intercorporal, como superação antropológica do dualismo.

A sincronia corporal entre mãe e bebê é essencial para a formação de vínculos seguros e para o desenvolvimento emocional e psicológico da criança. A presença de dispositivos eletrônicos pode promover alterações nessa sincronia, resultando em um sistema de interação empobrecido, o que pode afetar negativamente a capacidade da criança de regular suas emoções e estabelecer conexões sociais. A partir do escopo teórico da Fenomenologia Estrutural, um modelo teórico é apresentado sobre como o uso de telas, por pais e crianças, pode afetar o desenvolvimento nos dois anos iniciais, com impacto persistente para toda a vida. Conceitualizando a importância e o papel da a proto-intersubjetividade e da intercorporeidade, o artigo propõe um mapa que correlaciona as alterações epidemiológicas apresentadas com as alterações na estrutura psíquica do bebê. Esse artigo analisa, conceitualmente, as vias pelas quais o uso de tela nos primeiros 24 meses de vida promove alterações estruturais no psiquismo da criança. A realidade atual de nossa sociedade é o uso cada vez maior de elementos de tecnologia no cotidiano. Sendo assim, ampliar a nossa compreensão desse fenômeno pode nos ajudar a propor novas configurações, mais saudáveis, para o uso de telas.

The presentation explores the possibilities of reading the work of Kurt Schneider from a phenomeno-structural perspective. We identify two general trends in the appropriation of the works of authors who position themselves outside this tradition: one that tends towards translation and another towards interpretation. In this work, we favor the interpretative reading of Schneider's work through a dual movement: the analysis of the nosological organization inherited from Jaspers and the First-Rank Symptoms. The legacy of empirical dualism and the key of comprehensibilityincomprehensibility creates constraints that ultimately produce an overlap between psychopathology and nosology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an original understanding of erotic love as a way of being, a lived experience distinct from passion and sex. Through literary quotations, it explores the conditions of possibility for love manifest by its emphasis, in open dialogue with philosophical references from the phenomenological tradition, and by its privation, in light of the pathologies of love as derived from passion and sex: infatuation and sexual perversion. Love and its pathologies are dialectically related to the lived processes of maturation, from the perspectives of phenomenological-structural psychopathology and literature. Following this, orgasm and art are presented as expressions of love. It also conjectures the possibility of a therapy for the pathologies of love through intersubjective openness to love; and, finally, it points to lived love as a dual experience of intercorporeal deepening, and, ultimately, an anthropological overcoming of dualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bodily synchrony between mother and baby is essential for the formation of secure attachments and for the child's emotional and psychological development. The presence of electronic devices can alter this synchrony, resulting in an impoverished interaction system, which can negatively affect the child's ability to regulate their emotions and establish social connections. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Structural Phenomenology, this article presents a theoretical model of how screen use, by both parents and children, can affect development in the first two years of life, with persistent impact throughout the lifespan. Conceptualizing the importance and role of proto-intersubjectivity and intercorporeality, the article proposes a map that correlates the presented epidemiological changes with alterations in the infant's psychic structure. This article conceptually analyzes the pathways through which screen use in the first 24 months of life promotes structural changes in the child's psyche. The current reality of our society is the increasing use of technological elements in everyday life. Therefore, broadening our understanding of this phenomenon can help us propose new, healthier configurations for screen use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, I will present Freud’s great contribution not only to the fields of neuropathology, psychiatry, and medicine in general, but I will demonstrate how his clinical research has opened a new path to understanding psychopathology. I will look at some theories about the genesis of the symptoms of hysteria and describe Freud’s scientific journey, which opened up a new perspective and gradually led to the birth of psychoanalysis. An important contribution to this topic is the multiple code theory by V. Bucci, with its three distinct principles of organization of experience. The model is applied to clinical practice and determines treatment, so it is intended to explain and intervene in the world of hysteria. The Bucci model also has critical aspects and obvious repercussions that we will examine in this article. An important contribution is that of N. McWilliams, regarding histrionic personality disorder. The structural symptom takes its rightful place here in the explanation and treatment of psychopathology. In her work there is an important transition: she moves from an explanation of linear mono causality to multi-factorial randomness. Once you have read this article, you will understand that new contributions are needed in order to comprehend psychic processes, and in order to do this we need to re-interpret psychoanalytic theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The DSM-5 replaced the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Questionnaire (WHODAS) 2.0 as a measure of functioning because of the shortcomings of the former. However, further evidence of how GAF and WHODAS 2.0 scores are correlated and how both instruments are associated with sociodemographic and clinical variables. particularly in children and adolescents, is required to support this change. Objective. To correlate GAF and WHODAS 2.0 scores in a sample of children and adolescents, and to determine which sociodemographic and clinical variables are associated with the scores of each instrument. Method. Using reports obtained from a secondary database analysis of a cross-sectional, multicentric study, we calculated the correlation between WHODAS 2.0 and GAF scores in a clinical sample of children and performed a general linear model analysis to evaluate the association between the sociodemographic and clinical variables with functioning scores. Results. Sixty-six participants completed the evaluation. The correlation between WHODAS 2.0 and GAF (r = -.69, 95% CI = [-.82, -.49], p < .001) was moderate to large and significant. Only poor peer relationships and a higher number of diagnoses were significantly associated with low functioning in both instruments. The results suggest that WHODAS 2.0 and GAF scores reflect different aspects of functioning and disability. Discussion and conclusion. Both instruments can provide an accurate assessment of disability/functionality. We propose that, for pediatric cases, WHODAS could provide more information on the self-care domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his book Aion, Jung describes something like a quasi‐Hegelian progressive historical realization of the Self in a perspective similar to Fernand Braudel's longue durée history. This article deals with a similar perspective, as it tries to focus on what we may call a "cultural complex" yet within its unfolding in historical time and belonging not to just one specific cultural group, but to a large cultural basin, which we may indicate as the "West". This complex marks the birth and development of modernity. The depth, pervasiveness and duration of this cultural complex permeates the lives and psychologies of all of those that are part of it. Therefore, every analytical project must take into account the underlying emotional, epistemic and social field within which this complex constellates. One of the main features of this (trans)cultural complex, strictly connected with the progressive fragmentation of the self and the transformation of the numinosum with its meaning‐giving force, is paranoia. This article analyses the historical and cultural features that produce paranoia and fragmentation and determine paranoid symptoms and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esporrò il grande contributo di Freud non solo nell’ambito della neuropatologia, della psichiatria, e della medicina in generale, ma mostrerò come egli con la sua ricerca clinica abbia aperto una strada nuova rispetto alla comprensione della psicopatologia. Prenderò in esame alcune teorie sulla genesi dei sintomi dell’isteria e descriverò il viaggio scientifico di Freud che ha aperto una nuova prospettiva portando gradualmente alla nascita della psicoanalisi. Un contributo importante è la teoria del codice multiplo di Bucci con i tre principi distinti di organizzazione dell’esperienza. Il modello viene applicato alla clinica e determina il trattamento, ha dunque lo scopo di spiegare e di intervenire sul mondo dell’isteria. Anche il modello della Bucci ha degli aspetti critici e ha delle ricadute evidenti che vedremo in questo lavoro. Un contributo enorme è quello di McWilliams, a proposito del disturbo istrionico di personalità. Il sintomo strutturale assume qui la posizione che gli spetta nella spiegazione e nella cura della psicopatologia. Nella sua opera c’è un passaggio importante: si procede da una spiegazione di mono causalità lineare verso una casualità multi fattoriale. Una volta letto questo articolo, si vedrà che è necessario fornire nuovi contributi alla comprensione dei processi psichici, e per fare questo occorre una rivisitazione delle teorie psicoanalitiche.

Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, observa-se a emergência de um debate a respeito do pouco avanço nas pesquisas sobre a mania em psicanálise. Este artigo examina duas hipóteses que elegem a nosografia como fator explicativo elementar para essa lacuna: a primeira concerne ao amplo assentimento da categoria da psicose maníaco-depressiva, ao passo que a segunda se refere à adoção indistinta de categorias divergentes pelos psicanalistas. Contrariamente a essas interpretações, mas ainda dentro do mesmo quadro de referência, pretende-se sustentar que o fator mais decisivo para tal estagnação da pesquisa situa-se nas concepções de curso do quadro incorporadas pela psicanálise. Argumenta-se que, se, por um lado, o sentido de defesa atribuído à posição invariavelmente secundária da mania na circulação com a melancolia contribuiu para a delimitação metapsicológica do quadro, por outro, ela conduziu ao estreitamento exagerado de sua psicopatologia e à correspondente redução das pesquisas sobre esses casos.

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The clinical case of a 15-year-old male with a final diagnosis of schizophrenia is presented, through which an analysis of the fundamentals of classical psychiatry is carried out, particularly in relation to authors who phenomenologically approached psychosis cases initiated in youth, specifically hebephrenia. Although the concept of hebephrenia is no longer recognized as a separate subtype of schizophrenia in current classifications, the classical approach is examined to contextualize and substantiate the clinical approach to a recent case. The clinical characteristics of the classical concept of hebephrenia will be described, including early onset in puberty, the succession of oscillating affective states, rapid cognitive decline, and the presence of productive phenomena such as accessory delusions and hallucinations that change in relation to mood states. In addition, the autistic variant of hebephrenia is mentioned, characterized by isolation, apathy, brief and inadequate responses, lack of initiative, and depressive symptoms such as dysthymia with agitation. While it is important to bear in mind that the concept of hebephrenia is not recognized as a subtype in current classifications such as those of the DSM-5 or the ICD-11, this analysis allows us to understand historical perspectives and phenomenological approaches used in the past, which can assist us in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several strands of research converge to suggest that personality and psychopathology can be integrated in a hierarchical model of individual differences. The notion that personality and psychopathology are intrinsically linked has a long tradition within the psychodynamic approach. Empirical evidence supporting two related key psychodynamic assumptions on personality and psychopathology is first summarized: (1) a developmental, person-centered approach is needed to complement a static, disorder-centered approach in the conceptualization and treatment of psychopathology; (2) personality and psychopathology are best conceptualized as dynamic attempts at adaptation. Research in each of these areas supports the notion that personality and psychopathology are difficult to separate and may be moderated by severity (i.e., general psychopathology) such that increasing levels of severity result in increased intrinsic coupling between the two. These findings are then discussed in the context of a newly emerging social-communicative approach to human development that suggests that personality and psychopathology are better conceptualized in terms of a disorder of social communication, and that the purported rigidity and stability typically attributed to them are largely explained by the stability of the environmental mechanisms that underpin them, rather than by stable intrapersonal traits. The implications of these new views for the future of the science of personality and psychopathology and for treatment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of three clinical cases, we illustrate the thesis that at least part of antisocial behaviour can be conceptualised as: a) regulated by the anti-goal of avoiding humiliation (protecting oneself from exclusion and non-belonging due to a lowering of one's position in the social hierarchy) and b) guided by the coping strategy of social dominance (understood as "maintaining a high position in the social hierarchy", escaping from a low position, both overtly and covertly). The characteristics identified as typical of antisociality, namely non-adherence to shared morality, a tendency to attribute hostile intentions to others, and non-recognition of authority, are not, in our view, goals or dysfunctions in themselves, but rather the result of investment in the goal of protecting oneself from humiliation and the beliefs resulting from experiences with significant others as humiliating ("I dominate you without guilt because if I don't protect myself, you will dominate me"). We do not claim to present a theory of antisocial disorder, but simply an attempt to understand some antisocial behaviours terms of goals and beliefs, and the implications of this conceptualisation for relational and therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vagal tone is a psychophysiological construct indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) that is associated with emotion regulation, interpersonal abilities, and mental health in non-clinical and clinical populations. However, the evidence concerning its role in psychotherapy is still limited and no review summarizing the obtained results has been reported to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by presenting a systematic review of psychotherapy studies that evaluate patients' vagal tone regarding process variables and therapy outcomes. The databases SSCI (WoS), EBSCO, and Psychology (ProQuest) database were searched, yielding a total of 23 studies that were qualitatively analyzed. Results showed mixed evidence regarding the predictive value of HRV for clinical outcomes (e.g., symptom level), as well as the effects of psychotherapy on HRV. The association between HRV and working alliance has shown to be consistently positive, although in a smaller number of investigations. Findings are discussed considering HRV assessment conditions and study designs, highlighting the potential value of HRV to inform about the level of psychophysiological resources and autonomic flexibility that individuals bring to therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological inflexibility is considered a risk factor in the development and maintenance of psychopathological disorders, including addictive disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological inflexibility, psychopathological profile, and the relationship between them in 90 substance addicts (66 men, age range: 18-59 years, Mage = 33.83, SDage = 11.22; 24 women, age range: 20-59 years, Mage = 38.79, SDage = 12.84), who demanded assistance in an outpatient treatment center, being selected by order of application. Participants were assessed using DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) to evaluate their psychopathological profile, and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) to assess psychological inflexibility. A structured interview was also applied to collect sociodemographic data and those related to their previous history of substance use. Sex differences were found in the sociodemographic profile and previous history of consumption. Participants showed high levels of psychological inflexibility (varying depending on the drug) and psychopathological comorbidity, with women showing higher levels of inflexibility and greater severity and diversity of psychopathological symptoms. Higher levels of inflexibility were found in those patients who presented greater severity of psychopathological symptoms, especially among women, and were associated with a pattern of daily consumption. Interventions for addictive disorders with comorbidity could adopt a more personalized approach including factors that may help explain individual vulnerability, among others, psychological inflexibility, sex, and the substance that motivates the demand for assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the differential characteristics in sociodemographic variables, severity of consumption, psychopathological symptomatology, life maladjustment, trauma characteristics, and post-traumatic stress symptomatology between women and men who seek treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Method: The sample consisted of 26 women and 31 men who had experienced physical/sexual abuse and sought treatment for SUD. Results: Women had been victims of sexual abuse in a significantly higher percentage than men. Women presented a significantly higher frequency of revictimization to another traumatic event and a significantly higher presence of avoidance symptoms than men. Conclusions: This study supports the existence of a more severe profile in women than in men with SUD who have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Consequently, gender-related trauma-informed practice in SUD treatment programmes should be promoted. More research in this field is needed, as this is a preliminary study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The experience of stalking presents a threat to the mental and physical health and wellbeing of victims. Although some studies have explored the impact of stalking on victims, few have gone into detail about specific mental health outcomes and their association with various types of stalking behaviour. Objective: To investigate the psychological consequences among Danish help-seeking victims of stalking who have contacted and received help through the Danish Stalking Center (DSC). Methods: We used survey-data from stalking victims who sought and received help from the DSC during 2015–2020 (N = 591). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, T-tests, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were used to examine psychological distress symptoms and the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and stalking behaviour characteristics. Results: Victims reported considerable levels of stalking and psychological distress. Almost 80% of victims reported symptom levels indicative of a diagnosable disorder of PTSD, depression, or anxiety. T-test shoved that following behaviour had the greatest effect size for PTSD-symptoms (t(575) = −5.81, p <.01, d = −.58), anxiety (t(576) = −4.21, p <.01, d = −.42), and somatization (t(572) = −4.29, p <.01, d = −.43). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that stalking victims who experienced following had significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of PTSD (OR 2.869; 95% CI, [1.641–5.016]) and anxiety (OR 2.274; 95% CI [1.265; 4.090]). Conclusion: Being stalked is associated with substantial PTSD-, affective and trauma-related symptoms and psychological distress in general. Together with the strikingly high levels of psychopathology and the particularly grave effects of being followed, it is indicated that stalking is a special type of trauma with many negative and harmful effects. Hence, further research into how to properly help stalking victims through preventive interventions and treatment is needed. Stalking is a special type of trauma with many negative and harmful effects. Being stalked is associated with substantial PTSD-, affective symptoms, functional impairment, general psychological distress, and strikingly high levels of psychopathology. Especially following behaviour has grave effects on victims' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigating different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity and how they relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology is relevant to advance research on mechanistic processes and to inform intervention efforts. To our knowledge, previous studies have not used questionnaire and interview measures of childhood adversity to examine factor-analytic and cumulative-risk approaches in a complementary manner. Objective: The first aim of this study was to identify the dimensions underlying multiple subscales from three well-established childhood adversity measures (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Interview, and the Interview for Traumatic Events in Childhood) and to create a cumulative risk index based on the resulting dimensions. The second aim of the study was to examine the childhood adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index as predictors of measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum psychopathology. Method: Participants were 214 nonclinically ascertained young adults who were administered questionnaire and interview measures of depression, anxiety, psychosis-spectrum phenomena, and childhood adversity. Results: Four childhood adversity dimensions were identified that captured experiences in the domains of Intrafamilial Adversity, Deprivation, Threat, and Sexual Abuse. As hypothesized, the adversity dimensions demonstrated some specificity in their associations with psychopathology symptoms. Deprivation was uniquely associated with the negative symptom dimension of psychosis (negative schizotypy and schizoid symptoms), Intrafamilial Adversity with schizotypal symptoms, and Threat with depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum symptoms. No associations were found with the Sexual Abuse dimension. Finally, the cumulative risk index was associated with all the outcome measures. Conclusions: The findings support the use of both the empirically-derived adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index and suggest that these approaches may facilitate different research objectives. This study contributes to our understanding of the complexity of childhood adversity and its links to different expressions of psychopathology. We investigated how different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology. Four childhood adversity dimensions were found to underlie multiple subscales from three well-established childhood adversity measures. The childhood adversity dimensions demonstrated some specificity in their associations with the psychopathology symptom domains and the cumulative risk index was associated with all the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the book Meaning and Content of Sexual Perversions, published in 1947, Medard Boss performs a daseinsanalysis of eight clinical cases, highlighting how the alleged “perversions” would be narrowings of love’s phenomenon. This article aimed an exercise of contemporary reading of this work. We identified not only limitations of Boss’ thinking, still very stuck in the social conventions of that time, in the section “three homossexuals”, but also potentialities for a phenomenology of sexual dissidences from the fetishist patients. The acceptance of the meanings described by the subjects made it possible some ruptures with the universalizing and pathologizing models available until then, as well as made it easier other understandings of the mode-of-being of love, apprehending these sexuality expressions as possible “clearings” that allowed the subjects the access to the phenomenon of love, therefore, the opening in the relation with the world and the rupture with narrowed existential modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos devidos a doenças autoimunes cerebrais são cada vez mais reconhecidos e relatados. Objetivos: Nós objetivamos fornecer uma revisão da encefalopatia autoimune, como um modelo de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos diretamente relacionados a um processo autoimune, que seja útil para a prática psiquiátrica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, adequada para retratar o estado de arte e atualização do conhecimento sobre as manifestações psiquiátricas da encefalite autoimune. Resultados e Discussão: As apresentações clínicas das encefalites autoimunes tendem a ser uma mistura de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e somáticos. Declínio cognitivo rápido e inexplicável, psicose, catatonia, e delirium estão entre os sintomas mais comuns. A catatonia ocorre em aproximadamente 1/3 dos casos, com predominância de sintomas hipocinéticos. As anormalidades eletroencefalográficas e liquóricas são usualmente inespecíficas, complicando mais o diagnóstico diferencial. Apenas em 30% dos casos ocorrem anormalidades na ressonância magnética. Conclusão: Os psiquiatras são cruciais na identificação, diagnóstico e cuidado de indivíduos com doenças como a encefalite autoimune e no tratamento de sequelas neurocomportamentais de longo prazo.

Introdução: O conhecimento sobre a neurobiologia dos transtornos psiquiátricos tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, da mesma forma que a psicofarmacologia tem gerado novos insights sobre o mecanismo de ação e aplicação de antipsicóticos modernos. Objetivo: A quetiapina se destaca como uma das principais e mais difundidas moléculas do grupo, razão pela qual merece ser mais bem compreendida nos seus vários aspectos, motivo dessa atualização. Método: Conduzimos uma breve revisão e atualização sobre vários aspectos da quetiapina, desde componentes de sua ação farmacológica, efeitos colaterais recentemente descritos, até novas indicações na psiquiatria moderna. Resultados: A molécula quetiapina é muito versátil, tendo amplo espectro de ações e indicações, não se restringindo à sua classe de antipsicótico e extrapolando para situações clínicas como insônia, depressão unipolar e bipolar, transtornos de ansiedade, transtorno de personalidade limítrofe, delirium, abuso de substâncias comórbidas, e outras. A quetiapina tem efeitos hipnóticos em doses baixas, efeitos sobre o humor em doses intermediárias e efeitos antipsicóticos em doses mais altas. Sua segurança na gravidez e amamentação, bem como na infância e em idosos, amplia ainda mais seu conjunto de indicações. Cuidados devem ser tomados com a síndrome de descontinuação e com seus efeitos metabólicos, mas a sedação e o ganho de peso são seus principais efeitos colaterais. Conclusões: A quetiapina se revela uma molécula altamente útil para várias condições psiquiátricas que representam problemas de saúde pública, dada sua prevalência global. Sua segurança e boa tolerabilidade, além de amplo espectro de indicações, a tornam uma molécula promissora para uso desde a atenção básica até cenários clínicos de transtornos psiquiátricos graves e resistentes aos tratamentos convencionais.

No livro Sentido e Conteúdo das Perversões Sexuais, publicado em 1947, Medard Boss realiza uma daseinsanálise de oito casos clínicos, destacando como as supostas “perversões” seriam estreitamentos do fenômeno do amor. Este artigo objetivou realizar um exercício de releitura contemporânea desta obra. Identificamos não só limitações do pensamento de Boss, ainda muito preso a convenções sociais da época, na seção “três homossexuais”, mas também potencialidades para uma fenomenologia das dissidências sexuais a partir dos casos dos pacientes fetichistas. O acolhimento dos sentidos descritos pelos sujeitos possibilitou rupturas com os modelos universalizantes e patologizantes até então disponíveis, bem como facilitou outras compreensões do modo de existência amoroso, apreendendo essas expressões de sexualidade enquanto possíveis “clareiras” que permitiram aos sujeitos o acesso ao fenômeno do amor, isto é, a abertura na relação com o mundo e a ruptura com modos existenciais engessados.

Resumen Introducción/Antecedentes: Existe todavía una insuficiente evidencia científica sobre los efectos psicológicos/psicopatológicos y emocionales de las interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (IVE), especialmente en nuestro entorno. Los estudios previos sobre el tema se caracterizan por 1) ofrecer resultados dispares, 2) estudiar depresión, ansiedad, trastorno por estrés postraumático y abuso de sustancias, pero al mismo tiempo 3) existen cuestiones metodológicas que limitan la generalización de los resultados. Objetivos: Describir una muestra de mujeres de población general que realizaron una IVE en un servicio público de Atención a la Sexual y Reproductiva (ASSIR) de Catalunya. Métodos: Estudio piloto de pacientes provenientes de población general y atendidas en nuestras consultas de Ginecología del Servicio de Atención a la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (ASSIR) de Osona a Vic (Barcelona). Las pacientes fueron evaluadas siguiendo escalas estandarizadas, incluyendo la MINI (Mini Psychiatric Interview) y la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton. El seguimiento fue durante cuatro meses. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Hasta 23 mujeres fueron incluidas en la muestra piloto. La edad media era joven (31.4 años). La mayoría (62.5%) estaban activas laboralmente y tenías estudios equivalentes al bachillerato o superiores (52.2%). El 26.1% habían tenido IVE previas. La IVE actual fue mayoritariamente farmacológica (73.9%). El principal motivo fue su voluntad (86.9%). Tres mujeres puntuaron más de 7 puntos en la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton. La entrevista diagnóstica MINI identificó diez mujeres con criterios para enfermedad mental en ese momento. De estas diez mujeres, seis no tenían antecedentes familiares ni personales de enfermedad mental, mientras que cuatro ya tenían antecedentes personales de alguna patología mental y ya habían consultado anteriormente en alguna ocasión al Servicio de Psiquiatría. Tras la IVE, durante los siguientes cuatro meses, solo una paciente consultó al Servicio de Psicología y fue dada de alta posteriormente. En el resto la sintomatología se autolimitó sin ninguna intervención específica. Conclusiones: En torno a las IVE se produce un impacto psicológico que, en ocasiones, puede presentarse con síntomas de un trastorno mental similar a los que suceden en otros períodos. Sin embargo, en nuestra muestra, los síntomas se autolimitan en las semanas posteriores al IVE.

Este artigo foi produzido a partir da monografia “Fenômeno Psicótico, uma visão da fenomenologia: algumas considerações”, apresentada como conclusão do curso de graduação em Psicologia para a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais em dezembro de 2016. Possui como objetivo conhecer a leitura da fenomenologia sobre a saúde mental, teoria pouco difundida na universidade. Para realização deste estudo exploratório, a metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em periódicos com temática pertinente a este trabalho, buscando na produção de artigos de terceiros a contribuição de três autores, a saber: Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger e Ludwig Binswanger. Cada teoria tem em sua contribuição um caráter essencial para a construção de uma visão da doença mental, na medida em que seus estudos e pesquisas geraram conhecimentos sobre a doença. O que se percebe é que a mudança da percepção do sujeito doente gera também mudanças na maneira de tratá-los.

Mental disorders are problems that require effective and relevant attention, as well as the association between variables to achieve their overcoming through interventions and to increase the well-being of those who present them. The objective of the study is to determine the association between mental disorders and crimes committed against members of the family group or not by people declared not imputable who were interned in the institute. With a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, retrospective cross-sectional and correlational scope, we worked with a population of 76 participants, mostly men, in middle adulthood, mestizo, single, from urban areas, with primary education level and low socio-economic condition; The main diagnosis was schizophrenia and the crime of violence against women or members of the family nucleus, the victims being generally the parents of the aggressors; no statistically significant association was found between mental disorders and crimes committed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of sexuality, traditionally studied by dualistic explanatory theories, is of the domain of being in general. Hence the need for an a priori foundation of sexual experience as a possibility inherent in the human condition. Firstly, we revisit the sciences of the 19th (Krafft-Ebing’s work and neurobiological models of sexual response) and 20th centuries (Freud’s psychoanalysis), and on the other end of the epistemological spectrum of sexuality, Kenzaburo Oe’s literature. Then, we designate chapter 5 of MerleauPonty’s Phenomenology of Perception as the foundational writing of the sexual being. Using the phenomenological method, Merleau-Ponty conceives sexuality as an original intentional form, pre-reflectively anchored in the consciousness and conditioned by corporeal intersubjectivity. The conception of the sexual being points to a (signification) link between existence and sexuality. Lastly, as evidence of and access way to the sexual being, we present two application cases of sexuality phenomenology in psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms in patients recovered from COVID-19. For this purpose, we worked with a mixed, quali-quantitative methodology. Method: A total of 131 adults between 21 and 76 years of age (68,7 % had suffered COVID-19) participated in the study, completing a personal questionnaire and the Symptom Check-List-90-R [SCL-90-R]. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with recovered COVID-19 patients who had to be hospitalized because of the disease. Results: The results indicated that participants who recovered from COVID-19 reported higher levels of distress and psychopathological symptoms after their recovery, compared to participants who did not contract the disease. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) were found for almost all indicators, except for Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (p = 0,06). Additionally, patients who were hospitalized but not given assisted breathing interventions showed higher indicators for Somatization and Obsessions and Compulsions compared to the group that was hospitalized with a ventilator (p < 0,05). Furthermore, the qualitative analysis suggests that hospitalized participants experienced distress and different consequences from hospitalization and the disease. Discussions: The results are in line with what has been reported in the literature and suggest the importance of psychological support as a complement to physical recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Persiste la necesidad de dirigir investigaciones científicas que permitan ampliar la comprensión de las características psicosociales y patológicas de los estudiantes adolescentes con discapacidad motora. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de los factores sexo, edad, gravedad y causa de la discapacidad física con relación a las características psicosociales de los adolescentes con deficiencia motora de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador. La muestra está integrada por 100 estudiantes con edades entre 11 a 19 años, de sexo femenino y masculino; todos diagnosticados con diversos grados de discapacidad motora. Durante el periodo 2018-2020 se administraron instrumentos de medición que permitieron determinar que las participantes de sexo femenino reportan conductas de autocontrol con mayor frecuencia que los participantes de sexo masculino, pero ellas reportan mayor ansiedad social que los de sexo masculino. Ellas tienen mayores percepciones de soporte emocional, amor y afecto; mientras que ellos tienen mayor participación en victimización, agresión y victimización agresiva. El grupo entre 16 y 19 años mostró mayor perseverancia, y el grupo entre 11 y 13 años presentó mayor nivel de victimización. Se concluye que los participantes que tienen discapacidad motora grave reportaron mayor autoestima y los que tienen discapacidad leve presentaron más somatización y ansiedad ante los hechos cotidianos suscitados en el plantel.

A lo largo de la tradición psicopatológica, incluso de la pre-fenomenológica, se encuentra la categorización del delirio como creencia. Jaspers asumió ese uso y lo fundó fenomenológico-existencialmente, definiendo su carácter de convicción. El concepto de creencia ha tenido un largo recorrido dentro de la historia del pensamiento, aunque recientemente se ha intensificado el debate acerca de la visión doxástica del delirio. En virtud de lo ya mencionado, en el presente artículo presentamos un análisis conceptual de la creencia, con el objetivo de identificar de manera precisa los aspectos esenciales que permiten al delirio definirse según ella. De esta manera, se discutirán algunas de las principales incursiones realizadas en el concepto desde la antigüedad periplatónica hasta José Ortega y Gasset, remarcando en cada pensador las directrices esenciales de su aproximación a la creencia. A su vez, introducir al filósofo español al debate psicopatológico permitirá incluir en la discusión dos aspectos importantes que creemos pueden ser fructíferos para la discusión filosófica sobre el delirio: la diferencia entre ideas y creencias, y la vitalidad de estas últimas. Finalmente, hacemos referencia al actual debate pro- y antidoxástico, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de considerar la amplitud del concepto de creencia en su genealogía histórica. Con base en ello estaríamos en condición de acercarnos a la visión doxástica moderada que han defendido autoras como Lisa Bortolotti.

En el presente artículo realizamos un análisis del estatus ontológico de la noción de psicopatología que se deriva de cuatro aproximaciones metodológicas a su estudio, a saber: aproximación psiquiátrica, fenomenológico-existencial, constructivista-histórica y antipsiquiátrica. Por medio de una metodología de revisión bibliográfica sistematizada y siguiendo el marco de trabajo metaframework ReSiste-CHS (Revisiones Sistematizadas en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales), sostendremos que dicha noción presenta divergencias en al menos tres puntos: (i) la relevancia de la sintomatología como característica, (ii) la existencia o inexistencia del sufrimiento psíquico y (iii) la relevancia de los factores sociales en su configuración. En el apartado introductorio abordaremos las consideraciones históricas generales relacionadas con el estudio de los trastornos mentales. En el segundo apartado nos referiremos a la metodología empleada para la realización del artículo. En el tercer apartado expondremos los rasgos fundamentales de las cuatro metodologías de estudio mencionadas anteriormente, dividiendo la descripción en los siguientes puntos: orientación, etiología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento. En el cuarto apartado contrastaremos los conceptos de psicopatología que pueden ser extraídos de ellas. A modo de conclusión, propondremos una sistematización de las condiciones mínimas que debe cumplir una noción de psicopatología que sea fructífera desde un punto de vista teórico y práctico. Estas condiciones incluyen un posicionamiento crítico ante los extremos reduccionista y relativista, la consideración del sufrimiento psíquico como rasgo constitutivo y núcleo fundamental de este género de experiencia, así como una dimensión ética relacionada con su abordaje. Por último, mostraremos algunas limitaciones y futuras directrices que se derivan del trabajo realizado.

Insomnia symptoms are common during peripartum and are considered a critical risk factor for postpartum psychopathology. Sleep is particularly vulnerable during pregnancy and postnatal period and its alterations are associated with risks for mental health. Nonetheless, often insomnia disorder during pregnancy doesn't receive appropriate clinical attention, with consequent lack of proper treatment offer. Evaluation and treatment of insomnia during the prenatal period should be a priority in the clinical practice and should consider the whole family context. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is recognized as first line intervention for insomnia disorder from international guidelines. Many authors highlighted that during pregnancy and during the first months of child's life psychotherapy seems to be more adequate and more favorably accepted from patients than pharmacological treatment. This is also linked with possible negative consequences associated to the assumption of drugs, both for the fetus and the newborn. The aim of this paper is to examine in depth, through a narrative review, the importance of a correct evaluation of the insomnia disorder during the prenatal period and the characteristics of cognitive-behavioral therapy.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had the purpose to investigate the phenomenon of medicalization in adults in the mental health field in a Brazilian context, problematizing the use of medications as the main tool to handle psychic suffering, with Foucault's concept of biopower and contributions of Amarante for the mental health field. The chosen method was the integrative literature review of published scientific articles, in Capes Portal of Journals and scientific electronic library SciELO and PePSIC, between 2011-2021. The collected data was managed by content analysis as a method. The medicalization and its main pillars was pointed as a limited logic of the subjectives and political-economic current system maintainers; as well as the correlation between the indiscriminate use of medications and suffering individualization, reducing the wealth of care. Therefore, contributes for a desmedicalization process and anti-asylum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]