Search

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Thesis (Master's): Bilkent University, Department of Law, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2022. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-203). 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK) ile birlikte Türk hukukunda yasal düzenlemeye kavuşturulan şirketler topluluğu birden çok şirketin ve dolayısıyla menfaat grubunun bir arada bulunduğu çoklu bir yapıdır. Topluluğun çoklu menfaat yapısını göz önünde bulunduran kanun koyucu topluluğa ilişkin hususları genel hükümlerden ayrılarak birtakım özel hükümlerle düzenlemiştir. Her ne kadar topluluktaki şirketlerin sorumluluklarına ilişkin özel hükümler sevk edilmiş ve pay sahiplerine menfaatleri ihlal edildiğinde topluluğa özel hükümler uyarınca menfaatlerini korumaları adına birtakım talep hakları tanınmış olsa da şirketler topluluğundaki azınlık pay sahipleri açısından özel hükümler sevk edilmemiş olup azınlık pay sahiplerinin menfaatleri toplulukta da genel hükümler uyarınca korunmaktadır. Bu sebeple tezimizde öncelikle TTK’da öngörülen azınlık haklarına yer verilmiştir. Azınlık hakları ele alındıktan sonra şirketler topluluğu bünyesinde bulunan menfaat gruplarına ve bu gruplardan birini oluşturan azınlık menfaatine değinilecek son olarak şirketler topluluğu özelinde öngörülen hükümlerin azınlık pay sahiplerinin menfaatlerinin koruması noktasında etkili olup olmadığı öğretideki görüşlere de yer verilerek açıklanacaktır. The group of companies, which has been legalized in Turkish law with the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) numbered 6102, is a multi-structure in which more than one company and therefore interest groups come together. Considering the multi-interest structure of the group, the legislator has regulated the issues related to the group of companies with some special provisions, departing from the general provisions. Although special provisions regarding the responsibilities of the group of companies have been envisaged and the shareholders have been granted certain rights of demand to protect their interests in accordance with the special provisions when their interests are violated, no special provisions have been stipulated for the minority shareholders in the group of companies, and the interests of the minority shareholders are also subject to the general provisions regardless of being a member of the group of companies or not. For this reason, in our thesis, firstly, minority rights envisaged in the TCC are examined. After scrutinization of the minority shareholder rights, the interest groups within the group of companies and the minority shareholders’ interests forming one of these groups will be addressed, and finally, whether the provisions envisaged for the group of companies are effective in terms of protecting the interests of minority shareholders will be explained by referring doctrinal views. by Mustafa Turan LL.M.

В статье рассматриваются сущность правовых презумпций и правовых фикций, их основные признаки, общие и отличительные черты. Исследуя сущность правовой презумпции, автор приходит к выводу, что не следует смешивать и противопоставлять друг другу логико-философский, юридический и социально-политический подходы к ее сущности, нужно рассматривать презумпцию в трехаспектом ракурсе.Такой подход раскрывает всю цепочку существования презумпций в праве: возникновение – действие − результат. Логико-философский подход обозначаетформирование презумпции на основе предшествующего опыта, юридический – реализацию при наличии факта-основания, социально-политический – установление в целях защиты различных интересов. С помощью метода экстраполяции установлено, что сущность правовой фикции также проявляется в указанных трех аспектах, поскольку фикция тоже образуется с учетом закономерностей общественного развития, реализуется при наличии определенных фактов, установленных в законе, и устанавливается с целью охраны различных интересов. Презумпции и фикции играют в праве очень важную роль, восполняя собой недостаток фактической информации и оптимизируя правовое регулирования. Они отличаются друг друга, главным образом по критерию вероятности (презумпция вероятна, фикция – заведомо ложна) и отражения действительности (фикция определенным образом деформирует действительность, презумпция – нет), что позволяет не отождествлятьих друг с другом., The article considers the essence of legal presumptions and legal fictions, their main features, common and distinctive features. Exploring the essence of the legal presumption the author comes to the conclusion that the logical-philosophical, legal and socio-political approaches to its essence should not be mixed and contrasted with each other, it is necessary to consider the presumption in a trilateral approach. This approach reveals the entire chain of existence of presumptions in law: the emergence − action − result. The logical-philosophical approach means the formation of a presumption based on previous experience, the legal one − implementation in the presence of a fact-foundation, the socio-political one − the establishment in order to protect various interests. Using the extrapolation method, it has been established that the essence of legal fiction is also manifested in these three aspects, since fiction is also formed considering a patterns of social development, is implemented in the presence of certain facts established in the law, and is established in order to protect various interests. Presumptions and fictions play a very important role in law, making up for the lack of factual information and optimizing legal regulation. They differ from each other, mainly by the criterion of probability (the presumption is probable, the fiction is wittingly false) and the reflection of reality (the fiction deforms the reality in a certain way, the presumption does not), which makes it possible not to identify them with each other.

The information technology models improving security functioning of crowdfunding platforms and advice on a new type of business were developed. The article solves the problem of safety of crowdfunding platform functioning based on developed models: rating assignment system of unified assessment crowdfunding platforms; startup projects assessment; startup projects risk assessment concerning their financing safety level and criminal law protection of investors against the financial fraud. The models are based on the correct usage of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set device to reveal the uncertainty of experts’ consideration that insures authenticity of scientific results.

Автор статьи раскрывает особенности такого способа защиты интересов, как возмещение морального вреда. Рассматривается происхождение компенсации морального вреда в отечественной практике и перспективы развития данной области., In this article, the author reveals the features of such a method of protecting interests as compensation for moral damage. The origin of compensation for moral harm in domestic practice and the prospects for the development of this area are considered.

Both in the European Union and in European doctrine was widely discussed the ratione materiae of the future European Public Prosecutor. In terms of the Lisbon Treaty its jurisdincion is limited to crimes that threaten the Union’s financial interests, but at the same time the Council of Europe may extend this competence by unanimous decision and other serious offenses. European Public Prosecutor is now one of the main objectives of the European Union and is one of the priorities of the common space of freedom, security and justice for the next five years. Still looking for ways and methods useful for the implementation of these goals, but two conditions must be met: it must be a useful institution, well embedded in the EU institutions and must be based on our national legal traditions that have proven their relevance. Finally, it gives a substantial importance to defense lawyers and rights in various stages of the procedure, both in the contentious matter of freedom and during the performance of an adversarial procedure.

Охорона інтересів фізичної особи при створенні й використанні фотографій та інших художніх творів з її зображенням стала актуальною в наш час, оскільки стрімко зросла поява цифрової фотографії, яку зараз надзвичайно легко зробити через сучасні фотографічні засоби, які є майже в кожного пересічного громадянина. Цивільний кодекс України у ст.ст. 307, 308 визначає специфіку захисту інтересів фізичної особи при проведенні фото-, кіно-, теле-, відеозйомок та охорону інтересів фізичної особи, зображеної на фотографіях та в інших художніх творах, оскільки процес відповідної зйомки може суттєво порушувати певні особисті немайнові права фізичної особи.