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Nagra, the National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, in Switzerland, is realizing a project of the century: the planning, construction, operation, and closure of a deep geological repository (DGR) for the nation's radioactive waste. The site selection process for a DGR is regulated by a three-stage process described in the Sectoral Plan, which the Federal Government approved in 2008. An overconsolidated shale, the Opalinus Clay, was selected as the most suitable rock formation as a result of Stage 2 of the Sectoral Plan. The three remaining siting regions were investigated in detail during Stage 3, including more than 12.5 km of exploratory boreholes drilled since 2018 and high-resolution, three-dimensional seismic surveys covering an area of approximately 250 km2. In September of 2022, Nagra proposed Nördlich Lägern as the preferred siting region for a combined repository in Northern Switzerland. Nagra plans to submit the corresponding general license application to the authorities by the end of 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this community service activity is to increase the understanding and skills of the SFV Pengambengan assisted group regarding applications for LPMUKP revolving funds and making whiteleg shrimp cultivation business proposals. This method of implementing community service uses technical guidance with 10 participants representing Pokdakan Mina Jaya and Pokdakan Putra Mina Jaya. Evaluation of this activity took the form of a pre-test and post-test and was analyzed using the t-test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of this community service activity show that the SFV Pengambengan assisted group has increased their understanding regarding applications for LPMUKP revolving funds for aquaculture businesses as well as increased skills in making whiteleg shrimp cultivation business proposals which are used as one of the requirements for applications for LPMUKP revolving funds.

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The concept of coercion, which is generally understood as one person forcing, pressuring, or using some kind of force to make another person do what he or she wants, is a fairly new concept in the history of philosophy that we encounter in contemporary philosophy. Therefore, the concept of coercion has an important place in contemporary philosophy, and studies on the concept of coercion are generally located within contemporary philosophy. The first study on the concept of coercion is Robert Nozick's (d. 2002) "Coercion" published in 1969. In this work, Nozick focused on analyzing the concept of coercion. At the same time, Nozick aimed to clarify some of the concepts related to the analysis of the concept of coercion. He explained the concept of coercion through the concept of proposal, which encompasses the concepts of threat and offer. Threats and offers are also considered in relation to the freedom and responsibility of individuals for their actions in a moral sense. Since threats are necessary for Nozick to recognize that an action is coerced, it is necessary to distinguish well whether the action is coerced or not. For this reason, Nozick leaves some of his examples without reaching a conclusion or decision. In fact, Nozick's aim is to do research on the concept of coercion and he tells us this at the very beginning. Similarly, since his work is based on a research on coercion, the questions, examples, and the problems that arise from them are well discussed. A number of propositions and examples are constructed, and solutions to the questions and problems encountered in the research are proposed, while others remain as they are without any offer or decision. Nozick also explores the concept of coercion in a moral sense. According to him, the concept of coercion restricts human freedom, and its moral meaning is very important. Because the concept of coercion also has a distinctive role in people's actions. This, in turn, affects human relations along with actions. According to Nozick, coercion in the performance of an action depends on the coerced person's acceptance of it. According to him, if this condition is not met in the claim of coercion, then the action is not an example of coercion. The biggest support for this idea is the idea of responsibility. The fact that Nozick's concept of coercion, especially the concept of coercion in a moral sense, has addressed the question of how to evaluate the actions in a moral sense in the studies on coercion and has enabled the emergence of various views on this issue. Therefore, Nozick's research on the concept of coercion has important influences on the subsequent studies on the concept of coercion. Likewise, Nozick's work has served as a guide and model for later studies on coercion. These studies, which started with Nozick, continue to be discussed today. When we look at the studies on the concept of coercion, it is understood that these analyzes are carried out due to the need to establish a basis for the concept of coercion and to determine a criterion. One of the most prominent reasons for this can be said to be the need for the concept of coercion to have a definition that encompasses basic disciplines other than philosophy. In this respect, when we look at the philosophical analysis of coercion, especially in contemporary philosophy, it would not be wrong to say that this is mostly done analytically. This shows that the concept of coercion is not that clear. Moreover, it is an indication that this concept is not understood well enough. As a result of all these, it is obvious that analysis has an important role to play in understanding the studies and views on coercion. In this respect, these explanations utilize different concepts and ideas to explain the concept of coercion. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the interpretations of Nozick's ideas on the concept of coercion based on his ideas. In this respect, the subject of this article is to shed light on and explain the studies on the concept of coercion in contemporary philosophy. The aim of this article is to analyze the propositions and examples created to explain the concept of coercion and to discuss whether they are sufficient or not. In doing so, objections and interpretations to Nozick's idea of coercion will be included from time to time. Moreover, it is intended to contribute to the literature and shed light on the debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe degree of independence of the Guardian Council is one of the most critical issues in Iran’s legal and political system. The more independent the Guardian Council, the higher the quality and effectiveness of its decisions concerning other institutions. Therefore, the governance of the Guardian Council is a vital aspect of its decision-making process. A key issue for institutions tasked with protecting the constitution is their independence and immunity from the pressures of political bodies and government forces. Furthermore, the independence of the court directly impacts its legitimacy. Effectively safeguarding the nation’s constitutional rights requires that citizens trust the capability of the constitutional court to carry out its duties impartially and independently. This trust fosters the legitimacy and acceptability of court rulings. Moreover, the principles of independence and impartiality of judicial authorities (constitutional courts) are fundamental to achieving fair trials and ensuring the rights of citizens during proceedings. Only through such independence can we hope for the judiciary and judges who exercise justice and professionalism in their rulings. In this respect, the current research aimed to assess the level and degree of independence of the Guardian Council, as the constitutional judicial body in Iran, especially about the institutions that appoint or select its members. According to the existing studies, the Guardian Council demonstrates a weak level of independence compared to what is expected of a judicial institution. Against this backdrop, the present study conducted a comparative analysis of the institutional, administrative, and financial independence of the Guardian Council, examining its structure alongside similar institutions in Germany, Egypt, and Algeria.Materials and MethodsThis study employed a descriptive–analytical approach and relied on library and internet sources to examine the independence of the Guardian Council in Iran. The analysis took a comparative perspective, assessing the Council’s independence by comparing it with similar institutions in Germany, Egypt, and Algeria.Results and Discussion Considering the institutional independence, the Guardian Council is by no means in an ideal legal position, compared to the three countries under study. According to the principles in Iran’s constitution, the Council is considered part of the legislature. Notably, the constitution does not explicitly specify the Council’s independence, with only Article 57 emphasizing the separation of powers and their respective independence. This suggests that the Council, as a pillar of the legislative branch, could be considered independent. However, in practice, the Guardian Council holds a higher position than the Islamic Consultative Assembly (or the Iranian Parliament). While the parliament drafts laws, the Guardian Council exercises a higher degree of independence in reviewing and approving them. In addition, the fact that the Council is placed under the legislature reflects the founder’s original vision regarding the nature of this institution. In other words, the Council’s political and Sharia dimensions are superior to its legal and judicial dimensions. This has influenced the approach of its members to overseeing the legality of laws and supervising elections. As such, the Council lacks the institutional and individual independence typically associated with a constitutional judicial body. The constitution, as the authority for the establishment of the Guardian Council, can play a crucial role in securing its administrative and financial independence. However, the principles of Iran’s constitution, particularly in the case of institutional independence, do not explicitly mention the independence of the Council. This has created a legal vacuum, leading to challenges for the Guardian Council in achieving administrative and financial independence. To address this gap, the parliament passed 1983 Law on Financial Regulations of the Guardian Council, granting the Council control over the preparation of its own budget. The law uses the term exactly to indicate that the Council’s regulatory budget should be submitted directly to the government, without needing to be included in the annual budget bill. This approach aligns better with the realities of the government budget regulation. The Guardian Council has followed a similar process concerning other institutions, such as the parliament and the Expediency Council, and requiring the inclusion of its budget in the government budget bill could be seen as violating Article 52 of the constitution. Regarding administrative matters, the Council has asserted its independence by exercising its interpretive authority, preventing the parliament from interfering in it.ConclusionThe present study assessed the degree of independence of the Guardian Council by comparing it with similar judicial institutions in Germany, Egypt, and Algeria. The Guardian Council, as the constitutional and Sharia-based judicial institution within Iran’s political-legal system, plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper implementation of the constitution. This is particularly true in safeguarding the rights and freedoms of citizens and upholding the rule of a lawful government. The weight of this responsibility highlights the important position of the Guardian Council. The Council’s independence is considered one of the most essential tools for fulfilling its responsibility. Independence enables the Guardian Council to exercise its powers, duties, and authority effectively, free from political pressures exerted by appointing or electing bodies, as well as from political and security groups or authorities. Fundamental reforms are necessary to improve the Council’s performance, strengthen its position, and ensure its independence. Such reforms would require constitutional amendments.

Legislation under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Article 71) and France (Article 34 lies within the jurisdiction of the legislature. However, under the constitution, this right of legislation has essential restrictions. Article 75 of the Iranian Constitution and Article 40 of the French Constitution formulate the most important restrictions. This constitutional principle does not allow the Legislature to pass proposals and suggestions that will reduce public income or increase public expenditure.In past years, many questions about the role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the implementation of Article 75 have been raised and led to conflict and disputes between parliament, the Guardian Council and Executive Power. However, in France clear rules and proper mechanism in this regard has been devised which prevent the occurrence of such problems. Examining the French approach can prepare the ground for removing ambiguities in Article 75 of the Iranian constitution.Considering the necessity of the comparative study on Article 75, the central aim of this paper is to study the mechanism followed in implementing Article 40 of the French Constitution. This study shows that the French legal system has provided certain rules that determine the parliamentary jurisdiction by using expert opinion and thus does not allow the proposals in conflict with Article 40 to be presented in the Parliament.

This article investigates contemporary LGBTQ romance in which the central couple has a queered betrothal that results in nonmarriage. Drawing on examinations of romance plot tropes, including Regis’s eight essential elements and Roach’s claim that the ending to romance is key, as well as queer theory, I demonstrate how the nonproposal offers a queering of romance that differs from homonormative same-sex romance. In the case study of the feature film Bros, this is achieved by one character asking the other to date and reassess in a few months, an anti-proposal that follows the conventions of a traditional marriage proposal. In the novel Husband Material, the central couple runs away from their own wedding because it does not feel like the right expression of their love. Unlike traditional romance narrative patterns that reaffirm social conventions and normative values, these queered anti-betrothals allow for more individualistic expressions that still offer the reader or viewer an emotionally satisfying romance ending.

Edible jiaosu is one type of food with many bioactive substances, which is very beneficial to human health. The stability of edible jiaosu is the key and difficult point to the development to the new jiaosu products. Currently, many studies on edible jiaosu have been conducted both domestically and internationally. However, there has been no systematic induction and summary until now. Therefore, based on the existing research results, this article summarizes the detection models and evaluation indicators related to the stability of jiaosu products. It shows that the main models include the predicting shelf life dynamics models. The stability indicators mainly include the sensory evaluation, pH index, the functional evaluation, the content of activity, and the probiotic content, among which the sensory evaluation and the antioxidant activity are the main evaluation indicators for the most stability evaluation. The factors that affect the stability of edible jiaosu products include the production process conditions (breeding strain, and fermentation time), the post-processing and the storage environment. The summary shows that by selecting suitable strains or mixed strains for fermentation, reasonable adjustment of fermentation time, adopting appropriate sterilization and drying methods, other post-processing methods, and using the low temperature, dark, anaerobic conditions are all beneficial to improve the stability of jiaosu products. It is recommended to further explore the selection of advantageous strains, research on post processing techniques, and stability regulations for jiaosu processing in the future. In summary, this paper summarizes the evaluation models and indicators for the stability of edible jiaosu, pointed out that production the process conditions, the post-processing of edible enzyme products, and the storage environment have a significant impact on the stability of edible jiaosu, and proposed measures and suggestions to improve its stability. This work provides a theoretical reference basis and guidance for promoting the stability of edible jiaosu and the development of its related industries.

Background: Establishing a new head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment center requires multidisciplinary team management and expertise. To our knowledge, there are no clear recommendations or guidelines in the literature for the commencement of HNC radiation therapy (RT) at a new cancer center. We propose a novel framework outlining the necessary components required to set‐up a new radiation therapy HNC treatment. Methods: We reviewed the infrastructure and methodology in the commencement of HNC radiation therapy in our cancer care center and invited several external, experienced metropolitan head and neck radiation oncologists to develop a novel consensus guideline that may be used by new RT centers to treat HNC. Recommendations were presented to our internal and external staff specialists using a survey questionnaire with ratings utilized to determine consensus using pre‐defined thresholds as per the American Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines Methodology Manual. Conclusion: This consensus recommendation aims to improve RT utilization whilst advocating for optimal patient outcomes by presenting a framework for new radiation therapy centers ready to step up and manage the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. We propose these evidence‐based consensus guidelines endorsed by external HNC radiation oncologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible jiaosu is one type of food with many bioactive substances, which is very beneficial to human health. The stability of edible jiaosu is the key and difficult point to the development to the new jiaosu products. Currently, many studies on edible jiaosu have been conducted both domestically and internationally. However, there has been no systematic induction and summary until now. Therefore, based on the existing research results, this article summarizes the detection models and evaluation indicators related to the stability of jiaosu products. It shows that the main models include the predicting shelf life dynamics models. The stability indicators mainly include the sensory evaluation, pH index, the functional evaluation, the content of activity, and the probiotic content, among which the sensory evaluation and the antioxidant activity are the main evaluation indicators for the most stability evaluation. The factors that affect the stability of edible jiaosu products include the production process conditions (breeding strain, and fermentation time), the postprocessing and the storage environment. The summary shows that by selecting suitable strains or mixed strains for fermentation, reasonable adjustment of fermentation time, adopting appropriate sterilization and drying methods, other post-processing methods, and using the low temperature, dark, anaerobic conditions are all beneficial to improve the stability of jiaosu products. It is recommended to further explore the selection of advantageous strains, research on post processing techniques, and stability regulations for jiaosu processing in the future. In summary, this paper summarizes the evaluation models and indicators for the stability of edible jiaosu, pointed out that production the process conditions, the post-processing of edible enzyme products, and the storage environment have a significant impact on the stability of edible jiaosu, and proposed measures and suggestions to improve its stability. This work provides a theoretical reference basis and guidance for promoting the stability of edible jiaosu and the development of its related industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New subgroups of psychiatric disorders are often claimed. In contrast, classification systems have repeatedly had to abandon established subgroups such as paranoid vs. disorganised and catatonic schizophrenia due to lack of empirical evidence. Four criteria are proposed that should be met to claim valid subgroups: 1. distinct distribution of the defining characteristic between groups; 2. significant differences in variables other than those defining the subgroups crosssectionally and longitudinally; 3. long-term stability; 4. significant differences between groups in aetiology, pathophysiology, and evidence-based therapy. In contrast to examples from somatic medicine, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, few psychiatric disorders meet these requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated dishes are an effective carrier for the foodization of agricultural products, which is an industry that is gradually moving towards a trillion-level market scale, playing an important role in ensuring food security. The prefabricated dishes industry develops modern agriculture with the concept of industrialization, promotes the further agglomeration and development of upstream and downstream supporting enterprises in the agricultural industry chain, which is the link connecting the primary, secondary and tertiary industries and the endogenous driving force to promote their innovation and development, and is an important bridge connecting the integrated development of multiple industrial chains such as production and sales between rural and urban areas. This paper introduced the development status of the prefabricated dishes industry, analyzed the problems facing by the prefabricated dishes, predicted the future development trend, and made a suggestion for the future development of the prefabricated dishes industry, so as to provide reference for the healthy and sustainable development of the prefabricated dishes industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a topic still fresh and new to law scholars. The aim of the Regulation regarding artificial intelligence is to present a unified and harmonised core legislation, from which the EU Commission and member states to tackle the growing aspects concerning this new sector of economic market, social and administration. As it will be seen in the present article, the EU legislator is still fixed on the existing AI, known to us until now, governing strict rules as response to some countries in Asia having made use of facial, biometric and location recognition AI to control their people and also to award behavioural points and keep score of the „perfect citizen”. The draft Regulation is followed by an EU Commissions Directive regarding the liability of all aspects regarding AI development, usage and participants. But the core principles, neccesary for such a new matter are laid down in the present Regulation. The document is divided into chapters, addressing mainly the definitions of the main notions used, including one for artificial intelligence system, the types of AI that are considered inacceptable and major-risk in respect to fundamental rights and values of the EU, special regulations regarding transparency, registration of AI systems and the necessity to have a special European authority, baked by national authorities, in charge of validating the usage of AI systems.

New subgroups of psychiatric disorders are often claimed. In contrast, classification systems have repeatedly had to abandon established subgroups such as paranoid vs. disorganised and catatonic schizophrenia due to lack of empirical evidence. Four criteria are proposed that should be met to claim valid subgroups: 1. distinct distribution of the defining characteristic between groups; 2. significant differences in variables other than those defining the subgroups cross-sectionally and longitudinally; 3. long-term stability; 4. significant differences between groups in aetiology, pathophysiology, and evidence-based therapy. In contrast to examples from somatic medicine, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, few psychiatric disorders meet these requirements.

Background: This study aimed to study the relationship between the teaching status of Research Methods as well as Biostatistics and academic research skills, from the postgraduate students' point of view. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2022, examined 633 postgraduate students in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2022. The data included demographic and educational-research information, such as the teaching Biostatistics and course credit, its score, the duration of writing the thesis, and its score. Data analysis was done using univariate and multiple logistic regression throughout the odds ratio (OR) in SPSS with a significance level of 0.05. Results: 47.7% of the graduates passed Biostatistics and 79.8% published paper from the thesis. The proposal writing in Master’s and MPH graduates, in people without a statistical consultant prolonged significantly (OR:1.67, P=0.017), as well as in PhD graduates, who have passed Research Methods, (OR=2.94, P=0.039), and in clinical graduates, in those who did not receive a methodologist advise (OR=2.7, P=0.024). In Master’s and MPH students, who had passed the Biostatistics or Research Method experienced a longer duration in thesis writing (OR=1.77 and 1.38, respectively). Conclusion: Passing the Biostatistics and Research Methods, and the presence of a statistical consultant or methodologist in the thesis of the graduates, shortened the time of writing the proposal or the thesis, and also caused them to get a better score in the thesis.

The EU-facilitated dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia, from its inception until today, has not realized the anticipated expectations and specified goals. Despite more than a decade of diverse engagement approaches by the involved parties, the situation remained precarious. The disputing parties persisted in their respective demands. Conversely, the facilitator/mediator primarily adhered to abstractly proclaimed declarations concerning integration perspectives rather than formulating instruments, measures, and strategies that could be imperative for a final settlement. The Russian aggression in Ukraine further complicated the dialogue, elevating the significance of geopolitics in the process. This paper aims to offer insights into the Kosovo-Serbia dialogue, emphasizing key factors and circumstances crucial for stability and the EU integration of the Balkans. The Franco-German proposal, recognized as an official EU document, holds particular importance. To achieve the paper’s objectives, the authors employed the methods of legal analysis, teleological analysis, description analysis, logical analysis, and comparative analysis.

This article aims to propose a design for Eye Injury Registry (EIR) model for Indian Armed Forces, to make ophthalmologists and non-ophthalmologists aware about the existence as well as the usefulness of such a registry. This is a perspective study. The EIR model for Armed Forces was designed based on the relevant sources in PubMed, Scopus and Embase including registries of pioneering countries like United States and Canada. A questionnaire based on the model dimensions was developed (Cronbach's alpha>0.7) and filled by 04 senior ophthalmologists in Armed Forces, all of who had a significant experience in dealing with various types of ocular trauma, to give expert opinions, which were then applied to the proposed model to finalize it. In Armed Forces, a registry and reporting on eye injury along with a systematic collection of standard data on eye injuries will help ophthalmologists in the successful prevention. Such a registry and its large database once formed will permit elaborate epidemiologic investigations, highlighting preventable sources of injury, emerging patterns of trauma in our services, and the best possible treatment protocols to be adopted, for successful outcomes. EIR in Armed Forces can help in the collection of eye injury data, thereby improving the quality-of-care and expansion of prevention strategies for ocular injuries. It is a step to make a truly effective data bank, which will be instrumental in combating such preventable ocular injuries and in turn go a very long way in achieving the final goal of preventing up to 90% of such injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU-facilitated dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia, from its inception until today, has not realized the anticipated expectations and specified goals. Despite more than a decade of diverse engagement approaches by the involved parties, the situation remained precarious. The disputing parties persisted in their respective demands. Conversely, the facilitator/mediator primarily adhered to abstractly proclaimed declarations concerning integration perspectives rather than formulating instruments, measures, and strategies that could be imperative for a final settlement. The Russian aggression in Ukraine further complicated the dialogue, elevating the significance of geopolitics in the process. This paper aims to offer insights into the Kosovo-Serbia dialogue, emphasizing key factors and circumstances crucial for stability and the EU integration of the Balkans. The Franco-German proposal, recognized as an official EU document, holds particular importance. To achieve the paper's objectives, the authors employed the methods of legal analysis, teleological analysis, description analysis, logical analysis, and comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current research compares the representative elements (title, abstract, and keywords) of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network with the proposals’ elements. The other goal of this research is to calculate representative elements’ weighted average (title, abstract, and keywords) from a textual similarity perspective. Methodology: This is an applied and quantitative research that uses citation analysis and content analysis. The research sample is 3019 articles extracted from the citation network of 31 graduated students’ proposals (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in Chemistry at Shiraz University. All English articles' titles in the proposals' references were searched on the Web of Science database, and each article's file and all articles’ files in its citation network were saved in Excel format. All retrieved files were merged into one file and sorted based on citation count to have the unit citation network for each user's proposal. Because some of the proposals had an extended citation network with more than a thousand articles, 100 articles with the greatest citation count of each network were analyzed to create uniformity and balance among the proposals’ citation networks. Next, the scale of textual similarity of 100 articles' representative elements with the greatest citation count in the citation network, was calculated with the proposal’s title, the proposal’s text, and the titles of the proposal’s references. The scale of textual similarity was checked using designed software based on the Python programming language and measuring the cosine similarity. Findings: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference between the articles’ representative elements and the title, text, and references’ titles of the proposals from a textual similarity viewpoint; and in all three cases articles’ abstracts had the most textual similarity with the proposal elements, then, the title and keywords of the articles' citation network were in the second and third ranks; In addition, the representative elements’ weighted average was calculated. The obtained value was 0.62 for the abstract, 0.5 for the title, and 0.22 for the keywords, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the use of different platforms to measure the similarity between the documents searched and the documents desired by the user, there is still a distance to reach the ideal level. Until now, no research had used the representative elements of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network to measure the textual similarity with the proposal elements and had not evaluated their capability. The confirmation of textual similarity among the representative elements of the articles that existed in the proposal references' citation network with proposals’ elements, indicates that the student's proposal can be used as a platform for recommending related articles. Hence, the designers of scientific recommender systems, scientific information retrieval systems, digital libraries, and scientific social networks such as LinkedIn, Academia, and ResearchGate can use the elements of articles' citation networks to recommend related articles. In addition, considering the articles’ representative elements as independent units is important not only for similarity measurement but also for keyword expansion and suggesting the appropriate journal to the authors for publishing their articles. According to the determined weight of representative elements and to increase the efficiency of information systems, it is suggested that designers of such systems use the abstracts and the titles of the articles to measure the similarity and avoid calculating the similarity of the texts as a whole unit. This saves time, resources, and energy, presents better results, and users can reach their target and desired information more easily and faster than before. In addition, for indexing articles in databases and search engines, the articles' abstracts and titles can be prioritized to save financial resources and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the common mistakes committed by the postgraduate students as well as the challenges they faced during writing their proposals. The study obtained a convince sampling in which 15 postgraduate students of English Department, University of Aden were recruited. In this study, the data was collected by using the students' proposals, and their correction forms, as well as using focused group discussion. The researcher analyzed the data and used qualitative analyses i.e., content-based analyses by highlighting the main themes. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the postgraduate students committed common mistakes such as the choice of an appropriate title, unclear statement of the problem, writing irrelevant literature review, choosing inappropriate methodology, references system was not clear and some plagiarism issues. Moreover, it was investigated that the postgraduate students generally had some challenges in using standard proposal format, writing literature reviews, methodology skills and other supervision issues. These findings are of great importance for instructors at postgraduate program.

The global economic recession and the interruption of trade supply chain have aggravated the risks of world food security. Although China’s food security is generally optimistic, food security cannot be ignored. It is necessary to establish a food security strategy for the new era, build a food security concept that is compatible with the new development pattern. Aiming at the main risks of China’s food security, puts forward targeted policy suggestions on building an integrated industrial chain and supply chain system from three aspects: effectively promoting the development of the whole food chain, actively planning the security of the food industry chain and supply chain, and increasing the high-quality development of the food industry, so as to ensure that the Chinese people’s jobs are firmly in their own hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intercultural approach is effective in its application in the context of the Boti tribe because this tribe is exclusive and considers the Bible as a foreign culture that threatens the halaika culture. The exclusive attitude of the Boti tribe is carried out on the basis of maintaining the halaika culture so that it does not experience assimilation and is eroded with the times. The intercultural approach is a biblical missionary approach. This approach uses the Boti tribal concept of uis neno as a medium to communicate about God. The method used in this study is a qualitative research, the data obtained through interviews, documentation and observations are described with other reference sources related to this research. The results obtained in this study are, the intercultural approach is a biblical missional approach and its application is persuasive in the context of the Boti tribe. The culture they understand and practice is used as a medium of gospel communication.

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have improved survival and are increasingly used for cancer. However, ICIs use may be limited by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), such as ICI-induced diabetes mellitus(ICI-DM). The objective of the present study was to characterize ICI-DM patients and realworld adherence to guidelines. Research design and methods: The present study was a retrospective review of electronic records of ICI-DM patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between July 2018 and October 2022. Results: 34.8% (8/23)patients monitored blood glucose in every treatment cycle. The proportion of patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) was lower in the tight glycemic monitoring group than the non-tight glycemic monitoring group (16.7% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.049). 78.3%(18/23) patients with hyperglycemia visited a non-endocrinologist first, but 95.7% of patients were then referred to an endocrinologist. Twenty patients were tested for distinguishing the etiology of hyperglycemia and 20% patients with positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GADA), 55% with C-peptide <3.33pmol/L. High screening rates for other ICI-induced endocrinopathies were observed and half of the patients with ICI-DM developed other endocrine gland irAEs, with the most common being thyroiditis. Moreover, five patients developed non-endocrine serious adverse events(SAEs). Twelve (52.2%) patients were withdrawn from ICI due to ICI-DM. The time to progression of tumor in ICI-DM patients in the continue and interruption group was longer than in the withdrawal group (333.5 ± 82.5 days vs. 183.1 ± 62.4 days, p = 0.161). Only 17.4% of ICI-DM patients were completely managed according to guidelines. Thus, the present study proposed a screening, diagnosis, and management algorithm for ICI-DM in real-world practice. Conclusion: The present study reported the largest number of ICI-DM cases described in a single institute, providing insight into real-world ICI-DM management guideline adherence and highlighting the clinical challenges in ICI-DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence is a topic still fresh and new to law scholars. The aim of the Regulation regarding artificial intelligence (A.I.) is to present a unified and harmonised core legislation, from which the EU Commission and member states to tackle the growing aspects concerning this new sector of economic market, social and administration. As it will be seen in the present article, the EU legislator is still fixed on the existing A.I., known to us until now, governing strict rules as response to some countries in Asia having made use of facial, biometric and location recognition A.I. to control their people and also to award behavioural points and keep score of the ”perfect citizen”. The draft Regulation is followed by an EU Commissions Directive regarding the liability of all aspects regarding A.I. development, usage and participants. But the core principles, neccesary for such a new matter are laid down in the present Regulation. The document is divided into chapters, addressing mainly the definitions of the main notions used, including one for artificial intelligence system, the types of A.I. that are considered inacceptable and major-risk in respect to fundamental rights and values of the EU, special regulations regarding transparency, registration of A.I. systems and the necessity to have a special European authority, baked by national authorities, in charge of validating the usage of A.I. systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the present study, we tried to treat, non-exhaustively, the issue of proposals addressed to some unspecified persons. The subject is of definite interest, the number of announcements addressed to the public being in a continuous and visible expansion. In order to have an overview of the matter, we have presented a few solutions retained in comparative law, in order to be useful to the Romanian legislator. We considered appropriate to place the exposition of the Romanian civil regulation at the end of the paper, after the presentation of the interpretations offered in the French, German, English law, as well as in relation to the Lando Principles and the Vienna Convention. The results reached by these regulations are not uniform, identifying both differences and similarities, which indicates that the matter analyzed here is not governed by an obvious solution, which derives from the very nature of things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total insolvencies filed by Canadian Households reached a record number in 2009 when close to 152,000 individuals sought the protection of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. This paper aims to investigate the factors that dictate the choice of insolvent debtors during an economic crisis, by comparing their choice before, during and after the crisis. Using data provided by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, and in addition to explain insolvency choice by the debtor's wealth, income and level of debt, the results show that insolvent debtors are more likely to file for bankruptcy during an economic crisis than before and after. This is in fact, a significant contribution to the literature, for never before had debtors' insolvency choice been looked at in light of the effects of an economic crisis.

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the common mistakes committed by the postgraduate students as well as the challenges they faced during writing their proposals. The study obtained a convince sampling in which 15 postgraduate students of English Department, University of Aden were recruited. In this study, the data was collected by using the students' proposals, and their correction forms, as well as using focused group discussion. The researcher analyzed the data and used qualitative analyses i.e., content-based analyses by highlighting the main themes. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of the postgraduate students committed common mistakes such as the choice of an appropriate title, unclear statement of the problem, writing irrelevant literature review, choosing inappropriate methodology, references system was not clear and some plagiarism issues. Moreover, it was investigated that the postgraduate students generally had some challenges in using standard proposal format, writing literature reviews, methodology skills and other supervision issues. These findings are of great importance for instructors at postgraduate program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The process of conducting a student thesis has the stages among which selecting the title is undoubtedly the most important one. Students are faced with numerous challenges at this stage. The aim of this study was to determine the challenges faced by postgraduate nursing students regarding thesis title selection.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional qualitative content analysis approach and purposive sampling method in 2017. Postgraduate nursing students of Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences who were willing to participate in the study were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Sampling was done using purposeful sampling and continued until data saturation.Results: Totally, 14 students with a mean age of 27.35± 3.43 participated in this study. All students were female. Following data analysis, three categories, seven subcategories, and 245 cods emerged. The main categories extracted in this study included educational, systemic, and individual factors.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, paying attention to and alleviating educational, systemic, and individual challenges in choosing the appropriate thesis title seems necessary in order to accomplish the research process. Therefore, providing the necessary training, practical guidance from professors and advisors, explaining appropriate strategies in choosing the title, and enabling students in this field can play an influential role in eliminating these challenges.

Total insolvencies filed by Canadian Households reached a record number in 2009 when close to 152,000 individuals sought the protection of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. This paper aims to investigate the factors that dictate the choice of insolvent debtors during an economic crisis, by comparing their choice before, during and after the crisis. Using data provided by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, and in addition to explain insolvency choice by the debtor's wealth, income and level of debt, the results show that insolvent debtors are more likely to file for bankruptcy during an economic crisis than before and after. This is in fact, a significant contribution to the literature, for never before had debtors' insolvency choice been looked at in light of the effects of an economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislation is a special state activity which, based on the constitution, establishes the foundations of social and state organization and the legal system. The paper will elaborate the issue of legislative initiative as a constitutionally guaranteed right to propose laws. Namely, the procedure for enacting laws is realized through several separate stages, and it starts with the legislative initiative. If we take into account the fact that "to propose a law means to rule", it will not be difficult to conclude that the legislative initiative represents more than just an initial phase of the legislative procedure and much more than just a technical issue. A special review in the paper will be the analysis of the legislative initiative in the Macedonian and Swiss model of legislative procedure. They are subject to elaboration, considering the broad nature of the right to legislative initiative. The paper will examine the thesis whether the number of entities that have the right to legislative initiative is an indicator of the degree of involvement of citizens in the process of passing laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are pleased to present to you the first of the three issues of Studies in Communication Sciences scheduled for publication in 2023. Beginning in 2022 and on a trial basis, SComS begun to publish three issues per year in response to the increased number of submissions. We are continuing our trial which allows us to offer two issues with Thematic Sections which have been very important to our community of readers. This still leaves us another full issue dedicated exclusively to general submissions. In 2023, SComS will publish two Thematic Sections “Old media persistence. Past continuities” in issue 23-3. The Thematic Section in this issue 23-1 is titled: “Historizing international organizations and their communication – institutions, practices, changes”. We have enjoyed receiving very interesting proposals for Thematic Sections. At this moment, we already have Thematic Sections planned for 2024. If you are thinking of organizing one, please plan ahead and we look forward to receiving your proposal.