Search

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Food literacy (FL) is a rapidly emerging area of research that provides a framework to explain the interplay of food-related skills, beliefs, knowledge and practises that contribute to nutritional health and wellbeing. This review is the first to scope the current literature for FL interventions, assess their characteristics against the components provided in the most widely cited definition of FL. and describe their characteristics to identify gaps in the literature. Methods: This review scopes original articles describing FL interventions in the Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Education, Web of Science and AMED databases up to August 2023. Results: Despite the heterogeneity between all seven included studies, they all demonstrated some improvements in their FL outcome measures alongside dietary intake (DI), with the greatest improvements seen in studies that employed a FL theoretical framework in intervention design. Populations at high risk of food insecurity, such as university students and people living in disadvantaged areas, were the main targets of FL interventions. Conclusion: The minimal inclusion of FL theory amongst interventions led to an overall poor coverage of essential FL components, indicating researchers should aim to design future FL interventions with a FL theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTBackground The breadth of protection of National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) across Europe varies, however, this has not been assessed within published literature. Therefore, a framework was developed to assess the comprehensiveness of pediatric NIPs in Europe. This study aimed to validate and further develop criteria used to cluster countries into three tiers.Research design and methods Independent Europe-based experts (n = 23) in the field of pediatric vaccination were invited to participate in a double-blinded modified Delphi panel, with two online survey rounds and a virtual consensus meeting. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% of experts rating their agreement/disagreement on a 9-point Likert scale.Results The number of preventable diseases covered by an NIP, simplification of the vaccination calendar, strengthened protection by increasing serotype, degree of funding and epidemiological factors were considered key concepts for consideration of the comprehensiveness of pediatric NIPs in Europe. Experts highlighted that the framework should be extended to include adolescent vaccines and populations up to 18 years of age. Consensus regarding further amendments to the framework was also reached.Conclusions This Delphi panel validated a framework to assess the comprehensiveness of European NIPs. The framework can be used to facilitate discussions to help countries improve and expand the breadth of protection provided by their NIP.

Abstract Women represent 70% of the global health workforce but only occupy 25% of health and social care leadership positions. Gender-based stereotypes, discrimination, family responsibilities, and self-perceived deficiencies in efficacy and confidence inhibit the seniority and leadership of women. The leadership inequality is often compounded by the intersection of race and socio-economic identities. Resolving gender inequalities in healthcare leadership brings women’s expertise to healthcare decision making, which can lead to equity of healthcare access and improve healthcare services. With the aim of enhancing women’s advancement to leadership positions, a rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted to identify the leadership and career advancement interventions that work for women in healthcare, why these interventions are effective, for whom they are effective, and within which contexts these interventions work. A RRR ultimately articulates this knowledge through a theory describing an intervention’s generative causation. The Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) for conducting a realist synthesis guided the methodology. Preliminary theories on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare were constructed based on an appraisal of key reviews and consultation with an expert panel, which guided the systematic searching and initial theory refinement. Following the literature search, 22 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The review process and consultation with the expert panel yielded nine final programme theories. Theories on programmes which enhanced leadership outcomes among women in health services or professional associations centred on organisational and management involvement; mentorship of women; delivering leadership education; and development of key leadership skills. The success of these strategies was facilitated by accommodating programme environments, adequacy and relevance of support provided and programme accessibility. The relationship between underlying intervention entities, stakeholder responses, contexts and leadership outcomes, provides a basis for underpinning the design for leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare.

Women represent 70% of the global health workforce but only occupy 25% of health and social care leadership positions. Gender-based stereotypes, discrimination, family responsibilities, and self-perceived deficiencies in efficacy and confidence inhibit the seniority and leadership of women. The leadership inequality is often compounded by the intersection of race and socio-economic identities. Resolving gender inequalities in healthcare leadership brings women's expertise to healthcare decision making, which can lead to equity of healthcare access and improve healthcare services. With the aim of enhancing women's advancement to leadership positions, a rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted to identify the leadership and career advancement interventions that work for women in healthcare, why these interventions are effective, for whom they are effective, and within which contexts these interventions work. A RRR ultimately articulates this knowledge through a theory describing an intervention's generative causation. The Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) for conducting a realist synthesis guided the methodology. Preliminary theories on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare were constructed based on an appraisal of key reviews and consultation with an expert panel, which guided the systematic searching and initial theory refinement. Following the literature search, 22 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The review process and consultation with the expert panel yielded nine final programme theories. Theories on programmes which enhanced leadership outcomes among women in health services or professional associations centred on organisational and management involvement; mentorship of women; delivering leadership education; and development of key leadership skills. The success of these strategies was facilitated by accommodating programme environments, adequacy and relevance of support provided and programme accessibility. The relationship between underlying intervention entities, stakeholder responses, contexts and leadership outcomes, provides a basis for underpinning the design for leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are increasingly encouraged to adopt evidence‐based or evidence informed interventions and implement them using insights from implementation science. The literature relating to implementation of interventions in schools has focused largely on universal interventions, particularly for social and emotional learning (SEL), which are designed for all children and young people. In contrast, targeted interventions provide additional support for those pupils who may require small group or individual support over and above that provided at the universal level. To date there has been limited consideration of factors which are important for the implementation of targeted SEL interventions. Data from an exploratory case study with two schools implementing Lego therapy are used to illustrate the implementation factors relevant to this targeted intervention. Findings indicate similarities in universal and targeted intervention core components and factors but also a number of distinct elements that are important to consider when implementing Lego therapy and potentially other targeted SEL interventions. Key considerations include the interaction with the wider school system, the pivotal role of the intervention champion, and the importance of external support for problem solving and sustainability. The resulting model may inform further development of implementation frameworks for Lego therapy and other targeted SEL interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The safety of the school environment is a key factor in ensuring quality education and the protection of both pupils and all school staff. This paper focuses on the analysis of foreign experiences in the field of improving security in schools, with the aim of identifying good practices and their subsequent possible application. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of effective measures that can serve as inspiration for the development of safety policies in Slovak schools, with an emphasis on adapting best practices to local conditions and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe persistent underperformance of Norway’s men’s national team has led to criticism and changes in the nation’s talent programmes, including the 2017 introduction of the Academy Classification Model (ACM), which targets the programmes of academies in two top tiers in Norwegian football. The introduction of the ACM marked a significant shift in Norwegian player development. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how two top clubs in Norway applied the ACM and how the model influenced their local talent development models within their academy practices. Using a comparative case study design, we sought to understand how clubs with different goals and prerequisites applied the ACM. The findings demonstrated the clubs’ distinct academy model designs, aligning their changes with their academy goals, local prerequisites and the ACM’s objectives. Both clubs emphasised organisational and structural changes and an intensified focus on individualised player development during the initial classification process, which aligned with the most valued objectives in terms of economic incentives within the ACM’s classification system. A notable distinction between the clubs was that the highest-ranked academy detailed pedagogical plans and effective strategies for application into practice, along with high-quality skill practice of all academy players, compared to the lower-ranked academy.

Introduction: Food literacy (FL) is a rapidly emerging area of research that provides a framework to explain the interplay of food-related skills, beliefs, knowledge and practises that contribute to nutritional health and wellbeing. This review is the first to scope the current literature for FL interventions, assess their characteristics against the components provided in the most widely cited definition of FL. and describe their characteristics to identify gaps in the literature. Methods: This review scopes original articles describing FL interventions in the Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Education, Web of Science and AMED databases up to August 2023. Results: Despite the heterogeneity between all seven included studies, they all demonstrated some improvements in their FL outcome measures alongside dietary intake (DI), with the greatest improvements seen in studies that employed a FL theoretical framework in intervention design. Populations at high risk of food insecurity, such as university students and people living in disadvantaged areas, were the main targets of FL interventions. Conclusion: The minimal inclusion of FL theory amongst interventions led to an overall poor coverage of essential FL components, indicating researchers should aim to design future FL interventions with a FL theoretical framework.

Background The Indian government is committed to address various manifestations of malnutrition, including overweight and obesity, inorder to improve individual health and well-being. The scoping review aims to map existing national policy instruments (programmes, schemes, regulations and guidelines) addressing overweight and obesity in India and analysing them for Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) strategies. Methods Systematic identification and selection of policy instruments using ‘Arksey and O’Malley’ framework was conducted from central government ministry websites, between March and June 2023. These instruments focused on nutrition and/or physical activity, targeting specific demographic groups like pregnant women, lactating mothers, children (0-5 years and 5-9 years), or adolescents (10-19 years); excluding those focusing on specific diseases like micronutrient deficiencies, wasting, and stunting. Based on search strategy six policy instruments were included and analysed for SBCC strategies. Results While many policy instruments incorporated SBCC plans; the ‘National Programme for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD)’ stands out as a significant policy initiative specifically targeting the prevention of overweight and obesity within the broader context of Non-Communicable Diseases. It adopts a comprehensive approach addressing key drivers contributing to overweight/obesity across multiple levels of behavioural influence i.e., individual, interpersonal, community and organisation for health promotion. However, there’s need to strengthen SBCC strategies related to prevention and management of obesity, especially screening and counselling, to cover all age groups with a particular focus on adolescents and youth. SBCC strategies can also be incorporated into India’s Integrated Nutrition Support Programme (POSHAN 2.0) and/or Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition (RMNCAH+N) under the National Health Mission. Conclusion This paper underscores the necessity for comprehensive strategies to address multifaceted origin of overweight and obesity. The NP-NCD stands out as a noteworthy initiative, and there is considerable potential for other programmes to emulate it SBCC strategies to bolster their overall effectiveness. Note : *Policy instrument’s throughout the paper has been used to cover programmes, schemes, regulations and guidelines.

Youth just like people of different age bands around the world face a multitude of challenges daily and continuously in their lives. For some of them, suicide is the ultimate answer to all their battles. Suicide continues to be on the rise for concern in South Africa and the entire world. Despite authors' attempts to understand, conceptualise, and bring awareness about it, it seems inevitable. This paper was aimed at mapping the existing literature on psychosocial factors, associated with suicide amongst youth. The author used narrative as the research method. Data was collected from different databases with a trajectory of 10 years. The author used databases, such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Jstor and Sabinet African Journals. The author used purposive sampling in selecting relevant articles using keywords. Data was then analysed thematically using thematic content analysis. The study found that youth encounter a lot of challenges, categorised under social factors, such as family, and psychological risk factors, such as psychopathology, which ultimately led them to have suicide ideation or attempt. The paper recommends an incorporation of a topic in Life Orientation for pupils in High School in South Africa, which raise awareness on the issues of mental health and conscientize parents and or guardians in symposiums about psychosocial factors, associated with suicide. The study concludes that youth around the world indeed encounter multiple challenges. Researchers should fundamentally contemplate about the programmes or guidelines of dealing with emotions that may be evoked by several crises that the youth face to normalize them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor nutritional intake is common among older adults. Given that nutrition knowledge is an important determinant of eating behaviour and nutritional status, understanding areas of inadequate knowledge can guide educational interventions to reduce risk of nutritional deficiencies and promote healthy ageing. This review investigated tools assessing general nutritional knowledge of older adults and their carers. Following the Joanna Briggs for Scoping Reviews guidelines, 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health and Embase) and grey literature were searched. Studies of any type containing general nutrition knowledge assessment tools for older adults or their carers were included. In total, 6934 articles were identified, of which 24 met the eligibility criteria, and 23 unique nutrition knowledge assessment tools were included. Of these tools, 14 were original, 6 were modified from other tools and 3 used dietary-related responses from national dietary survey questions. 6 tools were developed for carers (mostly nurses) and 17 tools for older adults. Tools had between 4 and 110 items. The most common topics for general nutrition knowledge questions were related to nutrients and roles, food sources of nutrients, and diet–disease relationships. 8 tools were developed prior to 2000. Most studies did not specify or assess psychometric properties of the tool, with only 9 (38 %) and 6 (26 %) studies testing for reliability and validity, respectively, and only 1 tool was considered reliable. Additional research for the development of reliable and validated tools or the validation of existing tools to assess nutrition knowledge of older adults and their carers is needed across different healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contributes to current debates on journalism training in Tanzania and its impacts on journalism-related research and practice. Two notable journalism training institutions, the School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) of the University of Dar es Salaam and the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication of St. Augustine University of Tanzania (SAUT), have been taken as cases. Document Review and Interviews were used to collect data for this study. The UNESCO Model Curricula for Journalism Education (2007) was used as a frame to analyse journalism training and unveil its impact on journalism research and practice in the two institutions. The study found that the two institutions adopted the UNESCO Curricula Model (2007) and adopted it in their programmes. However, their journalism curricula lack a good balance between theoretical and practical modules whereby programmes of the two institutions are tailored to include many theoretical units than practical ones. Furthermore, the two institutions lack programmes which answer to journalism training that could equip journalists with knowledge for better journalism practice. Equally, the two institutions lack research units that could concentrate on journalism research and come up with journalism-related research agendas. The paper recommends a binding national training framework to guide all journalism training institutions aiming at bringing impact on journalism-related research agendas and better journalism practice, which will be mirrored by the needs of Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Adolescent sexual and reproductive health continues to be a major public health issue in low-and middle-income countries. While many countries have policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy, evidence of their impact is unclear. This study sought to explore the knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy among health and education professionals and grassroot workers in Ghana. Methods We employed a cross-sectional, qualitative study design involving semi-structured interviews with 30 key informants (health and education professionals and grassroot workers) in the Central Region of Ghana. We also conducted a desktop review of policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana. We used content analysis to analyse the data. Results Eight of the 30 participants demonstrated awareness of policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy but only two could elaborate on this. By contrast, 19 of the 30 participants were aware of relevant programmes and provided detailed description of their implementation and activities carried out under each programme. Despite participants’ low policy awareness and knowledge, their descriptions of the activities carried out under each programme aligned with the strategies and activities of the policies mentioned, as evident from the desktop review of the policies. Conclusion Greater engagement of stakeholders in future policy development should increase policy awareness. Dissemination of policy content through community-based media channels and in local languages should promote and facilitate stakeholder engagement, which in turn should increase effective policy implementation with subsequent reduction of adolescent pregnancy.

Background: The economic and social impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have hindered efficient service delivery especially at a local government level. The significance of impact evaluation within this context is critical and is highlighted by the emergence and current implementation of the National Evaluation Policy Framework. Aim: The study attempts to explore the impact evaluation of COVID-19 on service delivery in South African municipalities. Setting: The study was conducted at Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). Methods: Researchers used a mixed method approach to collect data. In-depth interview questions were used to collect data in one-on-one interviews with 13 municipal senior managers. The questionnaires were designed to meet the specific research objectives and were distributed to the municipal employees in different employment categories. A total of n = 191 people were sampled, questionnaires were despatched and 186 were returned, which gave a 97% response rate. Results: The finding demonstrates that outcomes and impacts evaluations are not important in these municipalities and the absence of monitoring and evaluation (ME) continually remains no one’s responsibility. Conclusion: There is no confidence in these municipalities that monitors plan to improve service delivery and will work towards achieving the goals of the organisation beyond COVID-19. Contribution: This study could potentially empower municipal managers and policymakers by identifying a variety of shortcomings and offering advice on their action planning.

Judging by the future plans expressed in the Census, 410.3 thousand refugees and other war affected persons intend to permanently settle in the FR of Yugoslavia, while approximately 54 thousand persons are planning repatriation. The census results show that the younger, better educated, employed and those with their own apartments, more than others wish to remain in the FR of Yugoslavia. War-affected persons of other than Serb nationality, the elderly, pensioners, the unemployed and those accommodated in collective centers, to a greater extent plan to repatriate. In order to find durable solutions it is important also to analyze the number of war-affected persons and the conditions under which they would return to their previous habitual residence. According to the survey, conducted by the Economic institute, a mere 4.0% of the respondents replied that they would return "regardless of everything, while a further 3.9% would return if they were given guarantees regarding their safety. An important factor for 34.2% of the respondents, in addition to their safety is the existence of appropriate financial conditions, while 57.9% would not return, under any circumstances. Although the future plans of the refugees cannot be considered as being definite, finding durable solutions, especially in the sphere of refugee integration cannot be left to spontaneous processes. Rather this requires the formulation of a programme that must be development oriented and designed so that conflicts with the local population are avoided. A precisely defined legal and institutional framework is necessary for integration. Both in this sphere, and especially in the part which will remain humanitarian in character, international assistance is indispensable.

Introduction: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health continues to be a major public health issue in low-and middle-income countries. While many countries have policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy, evidence of their impact is unclear. This study sought to explore the knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy among health and education professionals and grassroot workers in Ghana. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional, qualitative study design involving semi-structured interviews with 30 key informants (health and education professionals and grassroot workers) in the Central Region of Ghana. We also conducted a desktop review of policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana. We used content analysis to analyse the data. Results: Eight of the 30 participants demonstrated awareness of policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy but only two could elaborate on this. By contrast, 19 of the 30 participants were aware of relevant programmes and provided detailed description of their implementation and activities carried out under each programme. Despite participants' low policy awareness and knowledge, their descriptions of the activities carried out under each programme aligned with the strategies and activities of the policies mentioned, as evident from the desktop review of the policies. Conclusion: Greater engagement of stakeholders in future policy development should increase policy awareness. Dissemination of policy content through community-based media channels and in local languages should promote and facilitate stakeholder engagement, which in turn should increase effective policy implementation with subsequent reduction of adolescent pregnancy. Plain Language Summary: Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health issue in low-and middle-income countries. Efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy have become major health priorities globally. Several international organisations, including the United Nations, have adopted strategies such as those featured under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.7. These strategies seek to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes by 2030. Many countries have policies and programmes with implementation strategies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy; however, evidence of their impact is unclear. We explored the knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy among health and education professionals and grassroot workers in Ghana. We conducted interviews among 30 key informants in Ghana. Few of the participants demonstrated awareness of policies aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy and only two could elaborate on this. By contrast, most participants were aware of relevant programmes and provided detailed description of their implementation and activities carried out under them. Greater engagement of stakeholders in future policy development should increase policy awareness. Dissemination of policy content through community-based media channels and in local languages should promote and facilitate stakeholder engagement, which in turn should increase effective policy implementation with subsequent reduction of adolescent pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationalisation of Curriculum (IoC) can be considered a very inclusive approach, as it makes it possible to reach all students, addressing the current and future needs of global citizenship. Argentine universities, which in previous years had prioritised mobility over other internationalisation strategies, have focused on exploring and developing IoC with greater commitment and effort since the COVID-19 pandemic began. In Argentina there were no theoretical references that allowed IoC to be analysed in a national context, only isolated and fragmented experiences of actions developed by some universities. This paper introduces a conceptual model for the analysis of IoC in Argentine universities, and can also be considered as a benchmark to explore underdeveloped aspects in higher education institutions. Using four levels of analysis, 12 dimensions and 96 indicators, it is proposed to review the different elements that contribute to the curriculum being understood and recognised in diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As elsewhere across the globe, for the past two decades doctoral education in the UK has been in the throes of change. This article seeks to describe and analyse developments in 1) the national framework for doctoral education, 2) institutional structures, 3) doctoral programmes, 4) doctoral candidacy, 5) doctoral supervision and 6) doctoral examination. Multiple sources of evidence, including official documentation and the results of investigations of the public-facing websites of the 150 institutions providing doctoral programmes, are used. The conclusion shows that these changes have been far-reaching, particularly for supervisors, and a call is made for greater recognition of their contributions to doctoral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of social networks by high school students from National Police schools in Bogotá includes the identification of possible gaps in cybersecurity issues, despite programmes and strategies related to responsible use when browsing cyberspace. This research is based on the comprehensive-interpretive (sociological) paradigm with a mixed approach of qualitative predominance. A documentary review, a student survey and an in-depth interview with parents and speakers were carried out. The findings were grouped into two categories; cybersecurity and education. The results of the survey showed hyper-connectivity on the part of the students; the interaction carried out through social networks, especially through the exchange of photos, videos, sharing statuses and making video calls. The findings of the interview express that, although each educational establishment is autonomous, among parents, caregivers and teachers an expressly defined route is not clear to follow when evidencing emerging dangers to the use evidenced in social networks. There is also a lack of greater co-responsibility when identifying certain types of behaviour that threaten students, given that some parents consider that it is an issue that the school should take care of, while teachers believe that it is the parents' responsibility. In conclusion, the need to assess the degree of acceptance, the effectiveness and the scope of strategies developed by schools and private or government entities, with respect to raising awareness on cybersecurity issues and responsible use when browsing the Internet, is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of romantic relationships is associated with mental health and wellbeing throughout the life course. A number of programmes have been developed to support young people in navigating healthy relationships, and a larger role for relationship education was recently formalised in statutory guidance in England. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence base for relationship education programmes. Evaluations of relationship education programmes for young people, including charting of outcome domains and measures, were reviewed, followed by a focussed synthesis of data from studies that included outcome domains of relevance to healthy relationships. Thirty-six studies of seven programmes were found that focussed on one or more outcomes relating to healthy relationship skills, knowledge and attitudes, none of which were assessed as high quality. All evaluated programmes were developed in the US, and only one evaluation was conducted in the UK. The evaluations had a diverse set of outcome domains and outcome measures, few had longitudinal measures. No evidence was found for young people's involvement in programme or evaluation development. High-quality longitudinal evaluations and a core set of validated outcome measures are needed. This research also highlights the need to co-create programmes with young people, teachers and relationship experts that are feasible, acceptable and integrated into a mental health-informed curriculum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women constitute almost two thirds of the health and social workforce. Yet, the proportion of women in decision-making positions remains significantly low leading to gender inequities in access to and appropriateness of healthcare. Several barriers which limit women’s advancement to leadership positions have been documented and they generally constitute of gender stereotypes, discrimination and inhibiting systems; these hinderances are compounded by intersection with other social identities. Amelioration of the barriers has the potential to enhance women’s participation in leadership and strengthen the existing health systems. Objective: This protocol describes a proposed study aimed at addressing the organisational and individual barriers to the advancement of women to leadership positions in the Tanzanian health sector, and to evaluate the influence on leadership competencies and career advancement actions of the female health workforce. Method: The study utilises a gender transformative approach, co-design and implementation science in the development and integration of a leadership and mentorship intervention for women in the Tanzanian health context. The key steps in this research include quantifying the gender ratio in healthcare leadership; identifying the individual and organisational barriers to women’s leadership; reviewing existing leadership, mentorship and career advancement interventions for women; recruiting programme participants for a leadership and mentorship programme; running a co-design workshop with programme participants and stakeholders; implementing a leadership and mentorship programme; and conducting a collaborative evaluation and lessons learnt. Conclusions: This research underscores the notion that progression towards gender equality in healthcare leadership is attained by fashioning a system that supports the advancement of women. We also argue that one of the pivotal indicators of progress towards the gender equality sustainable development goal is the number of women in senior and middle management positions, which we hope to further through this research.

Gender equality is a crucial issue that transcends the boundaries of tennis and sport and affects society as a whole. Historically, tennis has been a pioneering sport when it comes to making clear and defending the rights of women in all walks of life. Regarding professional tennis, tennis has had great representatives in this field such as Billie Jean King who has been a pioneer in achieving gender equality in professional tennis. The ITF, for its part, launched the Advantage All campaign to generate a movement that would help visualize the existing situation in our sport. The objective of this article is to present the visions that some women related to tennis in different countries of Central and South America have about the different initiatives carried out. In addition, experiences, opinions, and perceptions regarding the different programs are shared. We hope this collaboration will be useful for all those interested in contributing to achieving gender equality in tennis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International development partners provide support to African countries, but Africa has been the continent in which foreign education strategies implementation become a problem due to diverse cultural differences such as religion, population and languages. This study investigated challenges the encountered in the implementation of various international education cooperation programmes in Nigeria and Tanzania. Data is generated using E - questionnaires which was designed on 4-points Likert scale and sent to respondents in Nigeria and Tanzania. A total of 100 respondents from Nigeria and Tanzania constituted the sample for the study and Simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the respondents. Descriptive statistics using and means was used to answer research questions and one-way t-test was also used for research hypothesis at 0.5 level of significant. The study revealed that the international education cooperation programmes are faced with various challenges in the implementation processes such as religious, cultural, environment, war, hunger and corruption. The study recommends that Relevant government departments in the recipient countries should be duly informed in the matters relating to international education cooperation programmes and should be involved in the designing of education programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the depression and examination failure among students of tertiary institution in Cross River State, Nigeria and its counselling implication. Descriptive research survey was adopted for the study. The population of the study was all the students both male and female in all the major tertiary institution in Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 1,000 students between the ages of 15 - 20 years were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-designed questionnaire title Depression Evaluation Scale (DES) was used to elicit information from respondents. The instrument was validated and reliability was obtained using test-re-test method. The reliability co-efficient was 0.75 at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis for the general questions raised while t-test was used to test the hypothesis raised at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that there is significant difference between male and female students with depression. It was also revealed that there was a significant relationship of depression and mass failure among male students than female counterpart. Based on the findings, it is concluded that depression is a health and behavioural challenge among students in tertiary institution, it was recommended that school counsellors should design an effective counselling programme to assist the students with depression in our tertiary institutions across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although student well-being and mental health are government-identified responsibilities for New Zealand schools, the extent to which school-based well-being and mental health interventions are currently delivered is unknown. This survey of a nationally representative sample of schools was undertaken to identify: what well-being and mental health interventions are currently used by primary (elementary) and secondary (high) schools; what gaps exist between current practice and the evidence base; what ideas staff have for improving student well-being and mental health; and what barriers staff can identify for implementing evidence-based interventions and suggestions for how these may be overcome. Forty staff from 37 (22 primary, 13 secondary and 2 composite) schools participated in semi-structured interviews. Seven key themes were identified: (1) awareness and enthusiasm about student well-being and mental health; (2) existence of specific interventions to support student well-being and mental health; (3) support for government-sponsored programmes; (4) limitations of existing programmes; (5) drivers of new interventions; (6) perceived barriers to the implementation of new interventions; and (7) suggestions for future interventions and their implementation. Currently, a wide range of primarily non-evidence based well-being and mental health interventions are delivered in a variable manner by school-based and external providers. Despite current enthusiasm by schools, there is room for improvement in the quality and equity of intervention delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWithin the context of high childhood obesity prevalence, there is a concern that community efforts intended to reduce childhood obesity may lead to unintended adverse outcomes.ObjectiveThis analysis examined relationships between community programs, policies, and environmental changes (CPPs) for obesity prevention with unhealthy dieting behaviours and body weight satisfaction in children.MethodsUsing the Healthy Communities Study 2013 to 2015 survey sample of 5138 US children aged 4 to 15 years old, multilevel models examined associations between standardized CPP intensity scores and child dieting behaviours and weight satisfaction, adjusting for community and child-level covariates and clustered study design.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, higher total, physical activity, and nutrition CPP intensity scores were associated with lower odds of dissatisfaction with weight (1 year total CPP odds ratio [OR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.73; 6 year total CPP OR: 0.48, 0.29-0.80). Higher physical activity CPP intensity over the past year was associated with greater odds of weight satisfaction (OR: 1.77, 95% CI, 1.10-2.84). No associations were observed with dieting behaviours.ConclusionsResults suggest that community efforts focusing on nutrition and physical activity to prevent childhood obesity may be associated with weight satisfaction and not with unhealthy dieting behaviours.

Abstract Background Community-based programmes [CBPs], targeting increased physical activity and/or healthier eating, have been used in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. However, CBPs are only useful, insofar as they can be scaled up and sustained in some meaningful way. Social networks—defined as “social structures that exists between actors, individuals or organizations”—may serve as an important tool to identify underlying mechanisms that contribute to this process. This scoping review aimed to map and collate literature on the role of social network research in scaling-up and sustaining physical activity and/or diet CBPs in low-and middle-income countries [LMICs]. Methods Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and its enhancement were followed. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles exploring the role of social networks in scaled-up and/or sustained physical activity and/or diet CBPs in adult populations, published in English since 2000, and based in a LMIC. Databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SocIndex, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, and Google Scholar. Books, conference abstracts, and programmes focused on children were excluded. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted eligible studies. Included publications were thematically analysed using the Framework Approach. Results Authors identified 12 articles for inclusion, covering 13 CBPs. Most were based in Latin America, with others in the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, Iran, and India. All articles were published since 2009. Only three used social network analysis methods (with others using qualitative methods). Five main social network themes were identified: centralisation, cliques, leaders, quality over quantity, and shared goals. Contextual factors to be considered when scaling-up programmes in LMICs were also identified. Conclusions This review has shown that the evidence of the use of social network research in programme scale-up has not yet caught up to its theoretical possibilities. Programmes aiming to scale should consider conducting social network research with identified network themes in mind to help improve the evidence-base of what network mechanisms, in what contexts, might best support the strengthening of networks in physical activity and diet programmes. Importantly, the voice of individuals and communities in these networks should not be forgotten.

La majorité des Etats du monde visent en perspective l’amélioration des conditions d’existence de leurs citoyens. Pour y parvenir, ils procèdent par la construction des infrastructures socioéconomiques de base ainsi que l’exploitation des ressources naturelles disponibles, constituant un ensemble d’activités susceptibles d’entrainer des effets néfastes sur l’environnement. Ainsi, devant une telle visée à deux temps et, en vue de prévenir les atteintes à l’environnement à la suite d’un développement incontrôlé, l’évaluation de l’impact environnemental se présente comme un préalable indispensable et obligatoire avant l’exécution de tout projet de développement.

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability globally. Their importance in humanitarian settings is increasingly recognised, but evidence about how best to address NCDs in these setting is limited. This scoping review aimed to explore models of NCD care for displaced populations in Iraq, in order to build evidence to design context adapted models of care. A search of key databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, EconLit, Global Health, Web of Science, and the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals) was conducted and complemented with grey literature and snowballing searches. Documents were included if they referred to models of NCD care for displaced populations. We synthesised the data using a conceptual model of care framework. The findings were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. We identified 4036 documents of which 22 were eligible for inclusion. Only six documents were peer-reviewed studies with most being internal reports, commentaries, or press releases. Of the 14 documents that reported on their methods, most applied quantitative approaches (n = 7), followed by mixed-methods (n = 5) and qualitative approaches (n = 2). Only one document reported on outcome data and none applied longitudinal study designs. Documents generally described individual framework dimensions, mostly centring around medicines, facility-based services, and selected access dimensions. Most dimensions had few or no references. The most common model for displaced populations in Iraq was primary-level centred care that complemented or supported existing—mostly tertiary—public health system structures. Additionally, private facilities played an important role and were frequently accessed by displaced populations in most settings. Quality of care, particularly patient-perceived quality, emerged as a critical factor for designing context-adapted models of NCD care. This review also identified a strong regionality of NCD care, particularly in terms of access rates and barriers. We concluded that there is a scarcity of evidence on the effectiveness of models of NCD care for displaced populations in Iraq, calling for capacity building initiatives focused on implementation research and evaluation.

Background: Community-based programmes [CBPs], targeting increased physical activity and/or healthier eating, have been used in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. However, CBPs are only useful, insofar as they can be scaled up and sustained in some meaningful way. Social networks—defined as "social structures that exists between actors, individuals or organizations"—may serve as an important tool to identify underlying mechanisms that contribute to this process. This scoping review aimed to map and collate literature on the role of social network research in scaling-up and sustaining physical activity and/or diet CBPs in low-and middle-income countries [LMICs]. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework and its enhancement were followed. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles exploring the role of social networks in scaled-up and/or sustained physical activity and/or diet CBPs in adult populations, published in English since 2000, and based in a LMIC. Databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SocIndex, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, and Google Scholar. Books, conference abstracts, and programmes focused on children were excluded. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted eligible studies. Included publications were thematically analysed using the Framework Approach. Results: Authors identified 12 articles for inclusion, covering 13 CBPs. Most were based in Latin America, with others in the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, Iran, and India. All articles were published since 2009. Only three used social network analysis methods (with others using qualitative methods). Five main social network themes were identified: centralisation, cliques, leaders, quality over quantity, and shared goals. Contextual factors to be considered when scaling-up programmes in LMICs were also identified. Conclusions: This review has shown that the evidence of the use of social network research in programme scale-up has not yet caught up to its theoretical possibilities. Programmes aiming to scale should consider conducting social network research with identified network themes in mind to help improve the evidence-base of what network mechanisms, in what contexts, might best support the strengthening of networks in physical activity and diet programmes. Importantly, the voice of individuals and communities in these networks should not be forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Swedish system for contract archaeology (CA) has witnessed several changes in recent decades. A market-oriented approach to CA has emerged alongside new demands in cultural heritage legislation which include policies to produce knowledge that is relevant to society and aims to increase public participation. Despite adapting to these new conditions, critics have claimed that Swedish CA is still inefficient in its present form. This includes deficiencies in the relationships between the official parties involved, and with actors and stakeholders outside the system. There is also a discrepancy between democratic ideals and practice when it comes to the new heritage goals on inclusion. In this paper I examine the Swedish CA system and its three main parties. Anchored in theoretical perspectives from critical heritage studies, I use the concept of ‘apparatus’ to analyse CA in light of recent changes and tensions. Ultimately, I argue that the role and boundaries of the current system should be explicated and broadened, taking into account the conditions of local contexts, interests and the needs of communities. An active stance for a more dialogical and inclusive nature of communication is needed to diminish the risk for dissonance, conflict and negative impacts while creating conditions for positive outcomes and values in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, success depends on sustained screening and treatment of precancer. This is not available in many low resource settings where screening and treatment services are not available due to a lack of government support. Our vision of setting up a comprehensive cervical cancer prevention scheme across Ghana that offers services tailored to fit every patient's needs, and relies on task shifting has been made possible through the setting up of the Cervical Cancer Prevention and Training Centre (CCPTC) to train and equip middle cadre staff (mostly nurses and midwives) to provide crucial cervical precancer screening and treatment services in many areas of the country that have never seen any such screening activities. To achieve this vision, we have learnt to produce crucial context relevant teaching materials and consumables locally, while adapting simple, readily available social media applications to raise crowd funds to support our work, use these apps to support routine work and to create a network of service providers at various service levels that can rely on each other and assure quality. Our vision has been supported by individuals and organizations that believe in it. They have allowed us to determine our growth and success. By sharing the experiences of the CCPTC we hope to encourage others to set up screening centers in low resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer-to-peer approaches engage groups of people considered to share one or more characteristics that identify them as peers and draw on rationales of credibility, identification and role modelling in peer-to-peer interactions. Despite the popularity of the approach, the ways in which the peer leadership component specifically contributes to health promotion is not thoroughly understood. We suggest that a first step for making use of peer leader characteristics is to make explicit what the peer leadership component is expected to bring to a programme. To approach such an understanding, we investigated how peer leaders can be supported in activating their 'peerness' in health promotion programmes, using as a case the peer leader education of a youth-led, peer-to-peer community sports programme, implemented by the non-profit street sports organization, GAME. We analysed the peer leader training programme's learning objectives and field notes from observations of the training programme. The empirical material was analysed using an abductive approach by drawing upon contemporary interpretations of two forms of knowledge originally proposed by Aristotle. In so doing, this article explores how the development of techne (practical knowledge) and phronesis (practical wisdom) was supported in a peer leader training programme for young people. Findings suggest that supporting the development of both these types of knowledge can strengthen programme planners' attention to the contribution of peers. Concurrently, an emphasis on promoting phronesis in peer leader training can support and encourage peer leaders in activating their 'peerness' in peer-to-peer health promotion programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: CBR approaches have been implemented in many countries and a wide range of settings. This study aimed to synthesise knowledge available in the scientific literature about health-related CBR programmes in settings affected by armed conflict, natural disaster or mass displacement. Method: Databases searched in this scoping review were MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo and Google Scholar. Articles were included if they focused on health-related CBR undertaken in communities affected by armed conflict, natural disaster or mass displacement. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyse the selected articles. Results: Of the 5537 articles screened, 31 met the eligibility criteria. Collectively, they address diverse CBR programmes across crisis settings. Factors that promoted successful CBR implementation were strong community and family support, and the development of CBR activities tailored to local cultural and social contexts. Barriers included human resource limitations and insufficient collaboration. Authors of the selected articles made recommendations for CBR implementation in crisis settings, including prioritising efforts to enhance community involvement, investment in crisis preparedness, initiatives to increase disability awareness, and the adoption of long-term management Conclusion: CBR programmes can make important contributions in crisis settings. Community involvement and access to resources are crucial for programmes to effectively respond to the needs of the individuals and communities they aim to serve and for the sustainability of these initiatives. The findings of this review can help to inform CBR stakeholders regarding opportunities and challenges for developing and carrying out CBR programmes in crisis settings, including initiatives to establish guidance or policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business organizations face more issues due to globalization and continually changing customer expectations. To overcome these challenges, businesses must invest in the training and development of their employees. Training and development are essential nowadays. Employee performance is improved via training and development. A company's personnel determine its efficacy. In this era of globalization, training is crucial for the competitive and challenging corporate environment. The nerve must contribute to raising employees' quality of life at work and expanding the business. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of training and development programs on employee performance and productivity in the selected municipality of OR Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. To conduct this study, the researchers embraced an exploratory qualitative approach. The rationale for implementing qualitative methodology emanates from the need to understand the effectiveness of training programs in the Oliver Tambo district municipality in Eastern cape province, South Africa. The administration of the Nyandeni Local municipality conceded permission. The researchers acquired the letter, which permitted them to gather information from employees from the local municipality. Ethical clearance was affirmed genuinely. Non-probability sampling was used for its convenient strength. Precisely, data was obtained using semi-structured face-to-face interviews for this study. Thirty-five participants were included in this research study. According to the results, poor training and development were seen as a cause for the poor performance of employees. Capacity building was seen as a tool to increase employee commitment. Training programs were only visible to some in the municipality and the present study recommended that the Skills office conduct roadshows so that all employees could understand the office's role in the municipality. The study further recommended that training and development be closely monitored to determine its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to create an effective model of the current institutional environment that can ensure the unity of economic processes in the management of rural territories in Ukraine based on the best foreign practice. The purpose is to summarise the experience of the EU countries on the functioning of institutional models for managing rural development for adaptation in Ukraine. The task is to formulate conceptual approaches to the formation of an institutional model for managing rural development in Ukraine, considering the fundamental principles of building a system for rural development management in the EU countries. General scientific methods were used as a tool for obtaining information for informed management decisions in the field of rural development management: analysis and synthesis; induction, deduction and analogy; abstraction; generalisation; idealisation, etc. The main trends and priorities of the agricultural policy implemented by the European Union are considered. Centralised and decentralised rural development management systems are described. Heterogeneous management models between centralisation and decentralisation are presented. The multi-level nature of the management concept as a key specific component is substantiated. The functioning of the system of distribution of tasks between the European Commission, the national state, and the regions is considered. Models of distribution of programming and management competencies in various management systems, and the forms of relations between different levels of government have been improved. The procedure for the functioning of the rural development programming system in Germany is presented. The classification of different countries based on the distribution of responsibility for managing programmes that were intended for rural development is considered. Vertical coordination and relations between the state and regions in countries with a decentralised form of governance are analysed. Methodological approaches to the development of an institutional model for managing rural development are proposed. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations that improve the efficiency and consistency of management decisions on the establishment of an institutional model for managing rural development in the Ukrainian economy