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This article highlights the relevance and necessity of recognizing prior learning outcomes in academic mobility, personal development (in particular – professional development), and employment. The article's main aim is to explore the current situation in Ukraine and develop recommendations for improving existing practices and enhancing the quality of recognition processes, thereby expanding educational opportunities for learners. An analysis of survey results gained from management and academic staff of higher education institutions revealed problematic areas in the evaluation of learning outcomes, particularly in assessing skills and competencies acquired in the workplace. It was found that there is a significant interest in recognition in Ukraine, leading to the necessity for the Ukrainian higher education system to develop effective mechanisms for recognizing prior learning outcomes. This, in turn, plays an important role in improving the quality of educational services and expanding educational prospects for learners. For the first time in the Ukrainian context, a comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with the recognition of prior learning has been conducted, including the legal regulation and the practice of the academic activities of Ukrainian higher education institutions. Based on this analysis, the main barriers and challenges faced by higher education institutions in recognizing prior learning outcomes obtained through non-formal education and informal learning, have been identified. The holistic view of recognition processes in Ukrainian higher education institutions formulated by the authors allowed for the development of recommendations to improve existing practices and enhance the quality of recognition processes

Online markets for mental health care (OMMH) allow clients to connect remotely with counselors to receive psychological therapy. Rooted in signaling theory and in the specific context of an OMMH, we theorize relative credibility of signals as the boundary condition that determines whether the demonstration signal of responsiveness to client questions substitutes or complements the two description signals of professional qualifications and counseling style in predicting market demand for counselors from new clients in an OMMH. Based on a panel dataset of 823 observations from 309 counselors participating on YiXinLi, a leading OMMH in China, we tested our hypotheses using linguistic and sentiment analysis methods and zero-inflated negative binomial models. We found broad support for nine out of ten hypotheses. Findings are robust with respect to different measures of variables, potential endogeneity from the simultaneity of responsiveness and counselor demand, and potential selection bias from both observable and endogenous covariates. Our study extends the literature on signaling in online markets in the unique context of OMMH by showing that: (1) relative credibility of signals is the boundary condition that determines when a demonstration signal will complement and when it will substitute for a description signal, (2) previous clients’ feedback on counselors’ empathy and warmth was deemed not credible by new clients in the context of online counseling, and (3) responsiveness to client questions is the most influential predictor of market demand from new clients in an OMMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the digital transformation process, the phases focusing on technical and economic aspects were followed by a phase exposing human capital issues. In approximately 3,000 acts of the European Union relating to the digital transformation process published in Eur-lex, as well as in an increasing number of national acts of the Member States, the terms "digital competences" and "digital skills" appear. They occur, inter alia, in the context of the financing of development tasks and their achievement indicators. In the application of existing law, it must be taken into account that the scopes and interrelationships of these new terms are framed differently. This ambiguity may have a negative impact on the effectiveness of digital transformation. It is postulated that the terminological consistency of the multi-level regulation should be improved and, in doing so, it should be noted that the prominence of digital skills in prospective acts and the way in which knowledge is captured can affect the use of the potential of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La recente Riforma dello Sport ha aumentato la confusione in quanto legittima diversi profili professionali a svolgere funzioni da sempre affidate al preparatore atletico nel recupero post-infortunio. Questa situazione genera criticità nella mobilità dei professionisti all’interno dell’Unione Europea. L’obiettivo è determinare una definizione univoca delle attività di ri-atletizzazione e comprendere quale profilo abbia le competenze adeguate a poterle affrontare. Sono state consultate leggi dell’ordinamento sportivo italiano e comunitario in materia di regolamentazione delle figure sportive. I risultati hanno evidenziato che i preparatori atletici sono spesso impiegati in attività di recupero post-infortunio. Il livello di qualifica dei preparatori atletici è inferiore nel Quadro Europeo delle Qualifiche (EQF) rispetto ai laureati magistrali dello stesso settore. I percorsi accademici di Scienze e tecniche delle attività motorie preventive e adattate (LM‍-‍67) e Scienze e tecniche dello sport (LM‍-‍68) forniscono conoscenze e formazione adeguate a garantire maggiore competenza ai due profili professionali del chinesiologo nella i ri-atletizzazione.

Objective: One of the success factors of educational centers is the competence of teachers. The higher the quality of educational centers from the teachers' point of view, the more successful they will be in achieving their goals. The purpose of this research is to design the model of professional competencies of military instructors of the air defense training centers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.Method: The current type of research is applied, the research method is content analysis and its approach is qualitative.Findings: The statistical population of the research consisted of 15 experts in the field of human resources management working in the training centers of the Air Defense Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who were selected by non-probability sampling method. The method and tools of data collection were field and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.Conclusion: The research findings indicate the identification of teachers' professional competencies including functional and task competencies (7 categories), moral (8 categories), social and communication (7 categories), military (4 categories) and cognitive (4 categories) competencies. And it was suggested that teachers' social competences, indicators of effective communication skills, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence, motivation in learners and tendency to team work should be strengthened through training processes and human capital development.

Copyright of Historia y Memoria de la Educación is the property of Historia y Memoria de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Article provides an empirical analysis of all free movement of doctors cases decided by the CJEU. The aim of the Article is twofold: to provide a 'characterisation' of the type of doctors who rely on free movement law, and to make a link between their reliance on free movement law and the concept of medical professionalism. In what circumstances, and with what purpose, do doctors rely on free movement law? And does their reliance on free movement law pose a risk to medical professionalism? The analysis shows that most cases before the CJEU focussed on the expertise and qualifications of doctors. Many cases were brought by groups of doctors or medical professional associations. In most cases, the aim of the doctor's reliance on free movement law was to defend medical professionalism. Nevertheless, some recent cases show that doctors do rely on free movement law to restrict their accountability towards patients or national healthcare systems. Moreover, these cases show that arguments based on free movement law are relied on in a broader range of non-specialised courts or tribunals. This makes it important that national courts continue to engage in a dialogue with the CJEU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A development of the Landscape Architecture education process and profession itself in last twenty years in Europe is presented in the article from the teacher's perspective. It starts with a short description of the development of European schools of Landscape Architecture in different academic environments and a diversity of study programs. Then it briefly explains the efforts of the European Council of Landscape Architecture Schools to unify study programs in Landscape Architecture that culminates in an initiative for recognition of professional qualifications for landscape architects in Europe. The complexity of the study problems, the transition between scales, the ongoing formation of the planning process in the landscape design studio, and some other more practical issues are discussed at the end of the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary objective of this study is to determine the alignment of university educational programs with the professional standards of the IT industry. Answers to this question were sought through document analysis and convenience sampling. An analysis was conducted to compare the content of educational programs listed in the register with the content of professional standards. The study aimed to identify the most commonly referenced professional standards in these programs and examine their content. A significant challenge in this comparative analysis arises from the absence of a standardized methodological approach to their development. Professional standards were employed in a formal manner without integrating their requirements into the learning outcomes of educational programs. An additional significant challenge lies in the absence of measurability in formulating the requirements for the knowledge and professional skills necessary for the performance of job functions in various professions. A significant proportion of respondents from both stakeholder groups in the survey emphasized the necessity of collaboration to address the challenges related to the comparability of professional standards and educational programs. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for developing a model for assessing professional skills during their development stages within university programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to critically examine the recent teacher induction policy implemented by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). In the context of Pakistan, national educational policies consistently emphasize the enhancement of the quality of teacher education. Despite these efforts, achieving the desired targets have proven challenging, prompting a continuous call for improvement. Notably, the decision by the government of KP to eliminate the professional qualification requirement for school teacher recruitment deviates from the prevailing national educational policy. This research focused on analysis of policy documents, policy changes, and their implications. It is found that induction policy of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a direct contradiction with the present national educational policy of Pakistan. The elimination of the professional qualification condition may impact the overall quality of teachers entering the education system. There are concern for longterm negative effects on teacher education and student learning. It is recommended that the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa revisits its teacher induction policy. Reinstating the professional qualification condition in the teacher recruitment process is suggested to align with the national educational policy of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of good services for guests relies on the recruitment and selection process of a company. Good recruitment process is important as it helps the Human Resources’ department select the ideal person for the company. Ideally the person chosen needs to be motivated and perform their work as per company standards. Recruitment is therefore a good investment to consolidate and invest in human capital. Recruitment is an important asset for accommodation establishments. Locally, there are a lot of job opportunities within the hospitality industry. It is difficult to find good and enough personnel to satisfy the various available work positions since a lot of foreign workers decided to move back to their country when the pandemic started and remained in their country until now. The aim of this research is to explore the recruitment processes in various Maltese accommodation establishments. Additionally, this research focuses on the challenges that Human Resources’ departments are facing in recruitment. What kind of help are Human Resources’ departments obtaining from the Government of Malta and Government-related entities to tackle the issue of lack of applicants? Another aspect of this research is to see what kind of professional qualifications are deemed important by the hotel industry. The qualitative analysis of recruitment in this research is conducted by interviewing various Maltese accommodation establishments. The results suggest that there are a lot of similarities between the properties interviewed and the recruitment practices and they struggle to find personnel that can work within their property. This research suggests that the higher the star category of the property, the more intense the recruitment process seems to be. All establishments interviewed seem to give priority to employ people that are motivated and willing to work even if they don’t have experience in the field. Accommodation establishments are willing to invest and train these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, the discussion of professional qualifications of managers is at the top of all issues. If a manager does not have strategic thinking and cannot find and fulfill the appropriate solutions quickly, he will never be able to lead the organization to achieve its goals through appropriate methods. The present study intends to identify the factors affecting the professional competence of managers of teaching hospitals managers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The current research is descriptive and analytical. According to census method, research sample consists of 93 educational hospitals managers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400. Using field studies and the Delphi method, the researchers identified the components which affected the educational hospital managers’ professional competence. Furthermore, a questionnaire was designed to better identify factors affecting professional competence. Data analysis was done using version 10 of Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) software and MICMAC software, version 5.3.0.Results: The research findings showed that individual factors, with an average rank of 3.04, organizational factors, with an average rank of 2.72, and institutional factors, with an average rank of 2.20, are the most important factors affecting professional qualifications in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospitals.Conclusion: The research results showed that knowing the dimensions of managers' competencies is considered a fundamental factor for both development and evaluation. There must be rules and criteria for selecting qualified people, and these criteria must be measurable in the university.

Background & Aims: Quality of working life is a multidimensional structure containing concepts such as welfare measures and medical services, incentive schemes, job suitability, job security, job design, importance to the role and position of the individual in the organization, providing the basis for growth and development, participation in Decisionmaking, reduction of job conflicts and ambiguities, training and reward systems. It is impossible for universities to provide effective education and research without having faculty members equipped with knowledge and sufficient motivation. Therefore, as the quality of working life of the academic staff members of the university is strengthened, the functions of the university will be developed, and on the contrary, as their life goes down, the university will be exposed to decline. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of working life of academic staff should be among the highest goals of the university. On the other hand, nowadays, programs for the growth and development of academic members are among the new strategies to maintain and improve the knowledge and performance of lecturers, which have been used by most of the countries during the last few decades in order to improve the scientific ability of the members. To perform their job duties in various fields of education, research and executive-management activities, the academic staff should create a suitable platform for transformation in the educational system. Factors such as the introduction of advanced information and communication technologies, the rapid growth of knowledge and the resulting changes, the need for universities to be accountable to society, the financial constraints of higher education systems, universalization and globalization of higher education, the competition of higher education institutions, etc. All of them have caused universities and higher education systems to think about the continuous growth of their faculty members. The growth of faculty members is an essential and vital part of the success of faculty members as well as the university. Because faculty members are considered as the basic pillar of universities and higher education centers and as the executive arm of universities' triple mission (teaching, research and providing services) and paying attention to them means paying attention to human capital in higher education and in line with It is the fulfillment of this mission. In order to keep faculty members, especially in Farhangian University, who are responsible for training student teachers, considering the growth program as one of the most important university programs. According to the introduction, following the tradition of pedagogy and especially the approach of evaluating professional competence, it has been tried to align with global perspectives, a local model for monitoring, evaluating, issuing certificates and verifying the professional competence of professors (across the field) education) should be presented at the level of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and on the other hand, the basis for measuring the validity of the supervisory tests should be provided. Since there is little information about the role of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and growth of employees, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and mental growth of university faculty members. Methods: The purpose of this research is practical, which was carried out with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory design. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included managers and academic staff members of Farhangian University in the 9th region of the country, who had a doctorate degree and more than 10 years of teaching experience, and 20 people were identified and their opinions were used in the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included 263 faculty members of Farhangian University in 9 regions of the country (Semnan, Mazandaran, and Golestan), and according to the Cochran formula, 156 people were selected as a statistical sample. The researcher-made questionnaire of professional qualifications, quality of work life by Walton (1973) and Balandagi Koroneh et al. (2013) was used to collect the required data. Results: The results showed that the effect of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and mental development of faculty members of Farhangian University of Region 9 is significant at the level of 0.99. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the quality of working life and mental development of faculty members refers to a wide range of activities, on which the role of professional qualifications was confirmed. Academic faculty members, as one of the biggest assets of any society and also one of the most important elements of the educational system, play a very sensitive and decisive role in the training of expert human resources, and the result of their efforts is ultimately growth. And it follows the development of every society. They form the main body of any university and are certainly more important than programs, activities and equipment in this system. Therefore, universities need professors who have competence and professional qualifications. Professional competence is actually part and parcel of the performance of university professors and actually reflects the areas of knowledge, attitude and skills of a person and allows him to act more effectively in his profession. The importance of professors' professional qualifications and their tremendous impact on organizational effectiveness has caused universities to try in various ways to improve and provide the necessary conditions for their maximum emergence. In fact, professional competence shows an image of a developed person who has complete preparations in every way to do the job. In this way, competence can be considered as a behavioral dimension that has an effect on the job performance and growth of a person. Based on this, it seems that professional competence is like an umbrella that includes everything that directly or indirectly affects job performance. Researches have shown that professional competence It has a significant impact on the quality of work life of research experts. If the university authorities are not able to attract and maintain competent and motivated human resources, the university will face problems in carrying out serious responsibilities and duties. Since the academic faculty members of the universities play an essential role in the production of science and the expansion of the boundaries of knowledge, therefore, the universities should satisfy their material and spiritual needs and create a suitable working environment for them for educational and research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, the discussion of professional qualifications of managers is at the top of all issues. If a manager does not have strategic thinking and cannot find and fulfill the appropriate solutions quickly, he will never be able to lead the organization to achieve its goals through appropriate methods. The present study intends to identify the factors affecting the professional competence of managers of teaching hospitals managers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The current research is descriptive and analytical. According to census method, research sample consists of 93 educational hospitals managers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400. Using field studies and the Delphi method, the researchers identified the components which affected the educational hospital managers' professional competence. Furthermore, a questionnaire was designed to better identify factors affecting professional competence. Data analysis was done using version 10 of Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) software and MICMAC software, version 5.3.0. Results: The research findings showed that individual factors, with an average rank of 3.04, organizational factors, with an average rank of 2.72, and institutional factors, with an average rank of 2.20, are the most important factors affecting professional qualifications in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospitals. Conclusion: The research results showed that knowing the dimensions of managers' competencies is considered a fundamental factor for both development and evaluation. There must be rules and criteria for selecting qualified people, and these criteria must be measurable in the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to study the process of professional adaptation of students of technical higher education institutions based on the results of social surveys, as well as to analyze the importance of integration of higher education institutions and manufacturing enterprises in training qualified professionals. Based on social research, the level of satisfaction of students with workplace training, which affects the assessment of the quality of teaching in higher education, the attitude of students to their specialization, and future career success during the internship, was determined. Information on selfassessment of students' readiness for practice is provided. Criteria for its successful completion have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Social Rehabilitation / Resocjalizacja Polska is the property of Pedagogium Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As technology advances, automation and artificial intelligence are transforming the employment landscape, rendering certain careers obsolete while giving rise to new ones. This comparative study aims to analyze the alignment between the professional qualifications offered by public higher education providers in Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia, and the evolving market demands and technological trends. National qualification authorities must adopt a forward-thinking approach in allocating quotas for different professional qualifications, ensuring that they are tailored to the changing needs of the local and/or global market, as well as the prevailing technological developments. Notably, our findings reveal a significant disparity in the variety of qualifications offered by the respective public higher education providers of Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to study elementary teachers’ professional competence. The research method was descriptive-correlation with emphasis to structural equation. The population of this research was consisted of elementary teachers(160persons) that based on the morgans table the samples was 113 persons which were selected at random and stratified. a standard questionnaire (which title evaluation of teachers’ professional competence was used to collected the data with %87 Cronbach’s alpha. its face and content validity confirmed with the professors’ comments. The data analyze done with spss software and factor analysis. The results showed that the overall average of the 11 criteria (4.38) was higher than the average and teachers had relatively good professional competence. and all the criteria presented with scores higher than the overall average of 3 are the criteria of their professional competence.and the two factors of activity for professional development (with an average of 7.73) and educational designing and planning (with an average of 7.26) are the most important and effective Factors and 2 factors of measuring and communicating with learning outcomes (with an average of 4.39) and participation in administrative and managerial affairs (with an average of 4.35) have been the least important factors in the professional competence of teachers.Keywords: professional qualifications; primary school teachers

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In terms of legal requirements for medical personnel, education plays a key role – in each of the analyzed medical professions – it must be a higher education. In the field of post-graduate education (after obtaining the right to practice), it is also possible to complete a specialization course, as a result of which one is able to obtain the title of specialist. As a part of this form of education, medical personnel should constantly improve their professional qualifications in various forms, e.g. qualification courses and specialized training. The provisions of the analyzed acts relating to the so-called independent medical professions indicate, above all, that in order to practice each of the medical professions, it is necessary to hold (maintain) the right to practice the profession and that is subject to the obligation of continuous education, verified by medical boards. The law specifies legal requirements for people who want to practice medicine, in the first place, students of medical faculties. They establish the conditions for obtaining the prerequisite to practice the profession and provide for the need of the continuous postgraduate education after fulfilling the education requirement. This solution introduces a significant scope of legal liability for people who want to practice a given medical profession, which guarantees an appropriate level of protection for patients. Legal regulations for medical professions are in many cases similar, although there are separate legal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of taking up and practising liberal professions is generally dependent on the possession of professional qualifications, set out in law. The need to obtain certain qualifications often stems from the necessity to protect such goods as life, health and property. These might be referred to as 'police goods'. They are existential for the functioning of the state, society and individuals, and are protected within the most important and most significant function of the state, which is the police. One of the areas of the police is the economic police, related to the protection of police goods against threats that may arise as a result of economic activity. Among the liberal professions there are those for which the requirements of obtaining certain qualifications result from the need to protect life and health. These are, in the first place, professions whose performance on the basis of appropriate qualifications guarantees a high level of protection of the life and health of the direct recipients of services provided by a person performing a liberal profession. This applies to the medical professions - doctors, dentists, nurses, midwifes, pharmacists and physiotherapists. Secondly, it is necessary to mention the professions the performance of which on the basis of appropriate qualifications guarantees a high level of protection of life and health of the undetermined group of persons. These professions include that of the architect and civil engineer. A disputable issue is whether professions whose representatives are to protect their clients against unfavourable or unlawful disposal of their own property can be considered liberal professions, where the requirement to obtain certain qualifications results from the need to protect police states and goods. These are legal professions, as well as the professions of investment advisor and property appraiser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, in the times of the popularity and commercialization of dance, special attention should be paid to the situation of dance teachers. In different countries there are different possibilities to become a dance teacher. Such qualifications can be obtained at both sports and artistic universities. It is also possible to take up courses organized by national organizations, societies and dance associations. Many private schools and dance clubs organize training for dance instructors. In recent years, it has been even possible to acquire such qualifications via the Internet. Due to the various possibilities of gaining the qualifications of a dance teacher, there seems to be a need for verification, on the basis of which it will be possible to organizationally reconstruct dance schools and the substantive education process, all in order to develop the teaching staff. Research showed that it is necessary to verify people employed at dance schools, both in terms of theory and practice of sport as well as social competences. The context under study is the Polish one, however in close connection to international work in the area of dance education in Central Europe.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to compare the professional and personal qualifications of teachers who graduated from Farhangian University with other universities. This research was applied, and its method was causal-comparative. The sample size was 296 school principals in Tehran province in the academic year of 2021-2022, who had a history of working with both groups of teachers, and answered 26 questions from two dimensions of professional competence and personality traits, which were adjusted with a five-point Likert scale. The experts have confirmed the face and content validity of the questionnaire, and their reliability has been approved by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The statistical process in this research was descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test). The results show that the superiority of the graduates of Farhangian University was noticeable in all two dimensions. Considering the importance of elementary school in forming students' personalities, we should use graduates of Farhangian University in this course and the first secondary school. Until the conditions of specialized education at Farhangian University are improved, we should use graduates of other universities at this stage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the role of education and professional qualifications in the establishment of the highest bureaucratic elite in the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the availability of special (profile) education for ministers and department directors of the main civilian departments. The connection between the attempt to differentiate the requirements for the educational qualification of officials de-pending on the type of service at the beginning of the 19th century, on the one hand, and projects to abolish civil ranks, on the other are analyzed. The results of a comparative analysis of information about education and service experience of representatives of the highest bureaucracy of various departments are presented. Special attention is paid to medical and “technical” departments, the leadership of which required special qualifications. It is shown that legal education has come to be considered a profile qualification not only for the judicial, but also for the administrative service. The age characteristics of Russian ministers at the time of their occupation of ministerial posts are given. It has been proved that the problem of raising the educational level of the Russian bureaucracy was largely solved for the upper and middle level of the Russian bureaucracy by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, but the problem of professional qualifications still existed, although significant steps were taken to resolve it.

This study aims to reflect the real situation of the Arabic language instructors working in theology faculties in Turkey and to determine the professional qualifications required of the instructors who teach this language to non-Arabic speaking students, as well as the educational needs within the framework of these qualifications. The researchers conducting the study created a list of the required professional qualifications by scanning the education-related literature to achieve the aforementioned objectives. Then, they prepared survey questions and presented them to the experts for their evaluation, and they applied the survey after the changes made in the questions were in line with the answers received. As a sample, 70 people from Arab and Turkish nationals participated in the survey application. As a result of the study, some results, including the analysis of the real situation of the lecturers working in the faculties of theology in Turkey, were obtained and suggestions were made. In addition, a list of educational requirements that are deemed necessary for teaching staff and recommended to be included in education programs has been created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Введение. Реагирование системы образования на требования профессионального стандарта педагога сдерживается трудностями переходного периода, обусловленными отсутствием принципиально нового организационно-методического механизма самой образовательной сферы. Анализ научных публикаций, нормативноправовых документов по данной проблеме свидетельствует о том, что требования к профессиональной подготовке педагогов формируются в логике идей непрерывного образования. Цель – на основе выявленных закономерностей и принципов формирования системы непрерывного образования разработать и обосновать систему непрерывного педагогического образования с учетом современных требований к профессиональным квалификациям педагога и определить организационно-педагогические условия ее реализации. Материал и методы. Для решения исследовательских задач были использованы методы теоретического анализа научной, дидактической отечественной и зарубежной литературы по исследуемой проблеме, методы психолого-педагогического и социологического анализа состояния и потребностей в педагогических кадрах, систематизация процесса организации непрерывного педагогического образования. Результаты и обсуждение. Основу и новизну разработанной системы непрерывного педагогического образования составляет совокупность принципов профессиональной направленности с учетом требований к профессиональным квалификациям в соответствии с профессиональным стандартом педагога. Данная система – развивающаяся, открытая педагогическая, представляющая собой синергетическую целостность подсистем уровня общего образования, профессионального образования и постпрофессионального образования. Заключение. Результат реализации разработанной системы непрерывного педагогического образования – готовность и способность выпускника педагогического вуза соответствовать современным требованиям к профессиональным квалификациям педагога. Системным эффектом реализации данной модели является потребность педагогов в непрерывном педагогическом образовании для решения различных уровней профессиональных задач.

The primary goals and guidelines of the state program for the development of agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food adopted by the government of the Russian Federation do not help to rapidly develop the process of industrialization of agriculture. As a result, the energy supply of agriculture in the context of the Federal Districts is decreasing. The situation is alarming when for a long time industrialization does not give significant changes in the factorial environment of labour productivity. In this regard, studies were carried out based on constructing the production function proceeding from the data of farms of the Ulyanovsk region for 2016; those data indicate the preservation of the leading role of the factors concerning the provision of fixed and circulating assets, as well as remuneration.

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Each year an EAHIL conference or workshop on medical librarianship is organised. In 2019 a workshop took place in Basel, Switzerland and offered us a chance to network and establish new relations as well as to improve our professional skills, acquire new knowledge and broaden our views. The article briefly presents EAHIL activity and annual EAHIL events. It also reviews EAHIL Workshop 2019, in which three Polish medical librarians took part.

Purpose: This empirical study investigated the impact of the professional qualifications of Physical Education (PE) teachers on secondary school students’ attitudes towards their PE classes. Education in general and teaching and learning in particular are multidimensional phenomena and thus it is essential to determine and define these dimensions to sustain quality in education. From the psychological perspective, along with various factors, teachers’ personality and qualifications may affect students’ learning process. In this respect, effective teachers can foster students’ learning process and help develop positive attitudes towards a course. Material: In order to fulfill the research aim, the data were elicited through a questionnaire from five hundred and ninety-two secondary school students from grades 9, 10 and 11in North Cyprus to be analyzed quantitatively. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Shapiro-Wilk Testwere run to test normality. Seeing that the data set was not well-modeled by a normal distribution, a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was run to measure the association between the variables. Results: A very strong positive correlation was found between the professional qualifications of teachers and the participants’ attitudes towards PE classes. Conclusions: The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the qualifications of the teachers and the students’ attitudes towards PE classes. More specifically, it was found that the higher the perceptions of students of the professional qualifications of PE teachers, the more positive attitudes they developed towards PE classes.

This Article Provides A Psychological Analysis Of The Theoretical And Practical Aspects Of Career Choice, And Theoretically Explores The Relationship Between The Professional Qualities Of Public Order Workers And The Motive For Career Choice In Terms Of Cause And Effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The first fundamental law regarding the system of State Emergency Medical Services in Poland was passed in 2006. The basic scope of activities performed by paramedics, their rights and obligations as well as the functioning and financing of the system were determined at that time. The aim of the work is an attempt to assess the level of social awareness in the field of qualifications and entitlements of paramedics, as well as to determine the role of this profession in the rescue system in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study uses a authorial questionnaire made available via the Internet, which was directed to random people. The form consisted of ten questions assessing knowledge and the opinion of the respondents regarding the profession of paramedic. To the statistical analysis was used rho-Spearman and U Mann- Whitney tests. All results were considered significant at p

• Significant gaps exist in the psychiatry curricula versus population needs. • Standardization of European psychiatry training can help meet population needs. • Psychiatry needs in EU countries are better managed than non-EU member countries. Psychiatry qualifications are automatically recognized among European Union (EU) countries despite differences in national training programs. A widening gap between the number of psychiatrists, their competencies and the growing burden of mental illnesses in Europe has renewed calls for international standardization of training. Comprehensive information about training programs is missing, which limits thorough comparisons and undermines development of an actionable strategy to improve and harmonize psychiatry training. This study describes and compares the existing postgraduate psychiatry programs in 42 countries in the European region. Representatives of national psychiatry associations completed a semi-structured, 58-item questionnaire. Training structure and working conditions of each country were compared with population needs calculated by the World Health Organization to determine the European mean and contrasted among pre-2004 and post-2004 EU members and countries with unrecognized qualifications. Differences were tested with nonparametric (Wilcoxon) and parametric (Anova) tests. Median training duration was 60 months, significantly shorter in countries with unrecognized qualifications (48 months, χ²16.5, p < 0.001). In 80% of the countries, placement in a non-psychiatric specialty such as neurology or internal medicine was mandatory. Only 17 countries (40%) stipulated a one-month rotation in substance abuse and 11 (26%) in old-age psychiatry. The overall deficit of training versus population need was 22% for substance abuse and 15% for old-age psychiatry. Salaries were significantly higher in pre-2004 EU members (χ²22.9, p < 0.001) with the highest in Switzerland (€5,000). Significant variations in curricula, training structure and salaries exist in Europe. Harmonization of training standards could offer significant benefits for improving mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of the English ski instructor Simon Butler working in France is the best example of the malfunctioning of the professional-qualifications recognition system in Europe. The practice of European and national administration as well as the jurisprudence of the CJEU and French courts shows how important and complex the subject of qualification recognition is. A review of administrative practices and an analysis of case law show the positive and negative sides of the EU's qualification recognition system. The European Commission is carrying out numerous activities aimed at improving said system. The latest solutions make the idea of qualification without borders a reality. The most important task is to examine the changes and legislative proposals of the European Union, analyse the case of Simon Butler and present proposals for changes against the background of activities undertaken throughout the Union. They should be realised through legal research methods and non-reactive social methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the basic directions of modernization of training of the future biology teachers for the implementation of health-saving technologies in professional work. The modernization of the educational process in higher educational institutions provide a qualitative transformation of biology training future teachers to realization health-saving technologies on par with the best international standards. The necessity of the use of interactive teaching methods, the individualization of the educational process, the widespread involvement of advanced multimedia and Internet technologies. Ways to improve the teaching of natural sciences and implement innovative systems for training of teachers in healthcare is fundamentalization training, competence development, the use of active forms and methods of teaching. These areas of modernization of the educational process in higher educational institutions will provide qualitative transformation of the biology training of teachers to implement technology to preserve the health of the world's best standards. Support innovation orientation training future teachers of natural sciences to implement health-saving technologies in educational institutions in the conditions of possible learning environment that combines educational and scientific activities, implements innovative research and educational programs This will ensure the readiness of future biology teachers to use technology to preserve the health of their educational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the necessity for preserving the traditional requirements related to practitioners' high competence and the acquisition and maintenance of professional knowledge and skills. The authors aim at laying the foundation of an open and in-depth professional discussion on the present condition and the future of the accountancy profession in the Republic of Bulgaria through a critical analysis of the state of play. After describing the main factors influencing the state of the accountancy profession, the issue is raised of the need for certifying preparers of the financial statements and the related changes in legislation. The thoughts and ideas presented are a personal view of the authors on the status and trends in the development of the accountancy profession in the Republic of Bulgaria and do not engage the professional bodies and institutions whose members the authors are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is aimed at describing a theoretical framework for improving the pedagogical professional performance of teachers in Angola. The study relies on methods such as analysis‐synthesis, inductiondeduction processes and document analysis. The main finding is a pattern for teacher improvement involving didactic performance and self‐development and professional growth.

Education and training in the financial service sector, and banking in particular, are aimed at improving the level of employee competence as a key factor in the strategy of modern banks, which increasingly seeks to adequately deal with the foreseeable and surprising challenges of future business through investment in human capital. In this respect, the recent global economic crisis has revealed the need for flexibility, adaptability of acquired knowledge, retraining of employees, prompt and full application of newly acquired knowledge and skills. Due to all of this, there is also a need to establish a direct and live connection between the processes of work on the one hand and the process of acquiring new knowledge and professional qualifications, on the other hand. In order for professional qualifications to be usable and harmonized, it is important to define the existing competencies among employees in the banking sector, as well as to create their certification. This paper aims to highlight the importance of the systematic development of qualifications and the continuous professional development of bank employees within domestic and international frameworks, together with the importance of the existence of measurability and comparability of acquired qualifications through the application of the National or European Qualifications Framework.

Knowledge in the curriculum especially the National Preschool Standard Curriculum (NPSC) (Revised 2017) which is coordinated for all kindergartens in Malaysia depends on professional teachers to implement it effectively. This survey aims to determine the effect between professional qualifications and years of experience on preschool curriculum knowledge among private kindergarten teachers. Questionnaires as instrument was administered to 269 private kindergarten teachers from Gombak district, Selangor who were selected randomly. The two-way ANOVA analysis showed that professional qualifications had a significant effect while years of experience required a combination of professional qualifications to have a significant interaction effect on preschool curriculum knowledge, yet inversely. Post Hoc comparison shows that the mean score of preschool curriculum knowledge differs significantly between the group of teachers of Diploma in Early Childhood Education (ECE) / Preschool Education and above with the group of ECE Certificate / Preschool Teaching teachers. The profile plot shows the highest interaction effect for ECE Diploma/Preschool Education teachers and above occurs during their experience of Less than 3 years, then the interaction effect in the following year decreases. In conclusion, higher professional qualifications for private kindergarten teachers have a significant impact on their knowledge of NPSC (Revised 2017), while years of experience is an added value during the early years of teaching for higher qualified teachers. The implication is that follow-up action in an effort to help private kindergarten teachers, especially experienced ones, is needed for them to obtain professional qualifications until the ECE Diploma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies issues that continue to impact higher education courses that are directly linked to professional qualifications. The review explores the notation of a dichotomous relationship between education and profession (vocation), resulting in an on-going tension between both. This paper further explores approaches that have been employed within higher education and/or within the profession to reduce this tension. The literature illustrates a two-fold challenge to contemporary universities in regards to offering effective and relevant education to the satisfaction of their stakeholders. These include designing and delivering educational programmes that balance specific work preparation (vocational training) with traditional higher education theoretical values; and also balance knowledge and competencies that are more generic with those that are specialist. The view that universities serve to train individuals for practical and technical work (Solbrekke & Karseth, 2006) finds little support among proponents of traditional values. There is a recognition that the role of universities is to find ways by which education is 'married' with vocational skills development, or break down the separation of education and the 'world of work (Assiter, 1995). It will be more effective if higher education to cater to a variety of needs, some of which are discipline-specific and others more generic. This could be done by using strategies should have contextual relevance. The lack of consensus as to what educational model will work best is indicative of distinctive features of the various professions and the importance of context. The review has highlighted that although studies have been done in higher education curriculum and pedagogies, there remains much to be understood about how particular disciplinary fields navigate professional and educational demands for the best outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The optimal use of information technology in health sector requires due attention to human resources training. The purpose of this study was to determine the future of health information technology positions and professional qualifications of the employees to achieve them. Methods: This qualitative-quantitative study was conducted in 2016. A nonsystematic review of the articles published over the last 10 years was performed in well-known databases and websites using relevant keywords. Positions were extracted and then discussed using the Delphi technique in a panel of experts of 25 members including board members and faculty members of medical universities across the country. Agreed-upon positions were confirmed and job descriptions and professional qualifications were identified and compiled. An applied cross-sectional study was conducted on all health information management employees (38 people) of hospitals affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences to determine the existing gap. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed based on the professional qualifications obtained for the expert panel and distributed after being checked for validity. Reliability was approved with Cronbach's alpha (0.91). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in terms of frequency and percentage. Results: The future health information technology positions were found to be health information management, insurance and accounting, information technology, computer applications, and data management. Professional qualifications of statistics and epidemiology, disease classification, information storage and retrieval, health data management, legal considerations and information security, information technology, and software engineering concepts were determined. The most effective qualification was knowledge of storage and retrieval methods. Employees’ skills in statistics and epidemiology were at an average level. Conclusion: New positions are constantly being introduced into the field of health information technology. Continuous curriculum revisions and additional courses for insurance and accounting, data storage and retrieval, statistics and epidemiology are essential.

Medical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate study program was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since the academic year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and four-year postgraduate program according to EC4 European Syllabus for Postgraduate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredited these programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the professional exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. In order to present laboratory medical biochemistry practice in Serbia this paper will be focused on the following: Serbian national legislation, healthcare services organization, sub-disciplines of laboratory medicine and medical biochemistry as the most significant, education in medical biochemistry, conditions for professional practice in medical biochemistry, continuous quality improvement, and accreditation. Serbian healthcare is based on fundamental principles of universal health coverage and solidarity between all citizens.

The current society is permanently proposing new challenges in economics, politics, law and social relations. The new ways of working in Internet, production decentralisation, the difficulty of identifying the subjects of these relations and the indeterminate multitude which many of these works are aimed at is altering the traditional elements of Labour Law.The growing subordination of Labour Law to Employment, and the latter to the economy, is directly affecting the employability of workers, requiring ever more appropriate qualifications which guarantee their mobility in a market which is increasingly more volatile and complex. Work and, specifically, employment policies are not alien to this phenomenon. They need to adopt measures which assure the traditional production system and at the same time facilitate the development of new organisational and firm models. We move in an information society where innovation and communication are the basic pillars of its development and need a positive action of the States to further integration and social cohesion among all their citizens.Active employment policies must be the answer to these new challenges, and professional qualifications through the evaluation and accreditation of the worker’s professional skills have to be their first and main cornerstone.On the other hand, in a globalised market in which dependent employment is more frequently giving way to self-employment, entrepreneurship is another of the instruments for employment. This is to be acted upon, not only as self-employment, but fostering and boosting business initiatives, especially those which are innovative, creative and competitive.One of the initiatives within entrepreneurship is business assistance through incubation, tutorisation and accelerating techniques which enable the transforming of business ideas into real business projects, coordinating the viability analysis and the firm plan. An example of an activity which drives business ideas and projects is that which is developed in the crowdworking-El Cubo space in the framework of Andalucía Open Future.