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Since 2010 the Catalan secessionist movement has been reported on extensively in the global media. Beginning with the 2010 demonstrations against the decision of the Spanish Constitutional Court to reject a new Catalan statute of autonomy, and covering subsequent events such as the unofficial self-determination referendum in 2017, the trial and imprisonment of Catalan political leaders, and the violent protests against the verdicts; the events in the region have all featured heavily on the front pages of the international press. This study analyzes how US and UK newspapers have covered the Catalan independence movement during the period from 2010 to 2019. To do so, this study focuses on two US newspapers (The New York Times and The Washington Post) and two from the UK newspapers (The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian) and observes how the positions of the Spanish and Catalan governments are represented through the analysis of the frames used to construct the newspapers' coverage, as well as the overall tone and the sources used by the journalists. To detect the dominant framework, a framing analysis is undertaken from a communicative and deductive perspective, applying Semetko and Valkenburg's classification. In-depth interviews are also conducted with the newspapers' Spanish-based foreign correspondents which allows the analysis to include the correspondents' views on the difficulties faced by them during their time spent while covering the conflict. The study's primary conclusion is that the international press downplays the significant role played by social movements and civil society in the secession movement, with a strong preference shown by journalists to rely on representatives of official sources as the most valid spokespersons for the movement. Secondly, the study finds that media attention follows closely the flash-points of the conflict with more coverage appearing at the moments of greater political tension between the Spanish and Catalan governments. This suggests that civil society mobilizations attract less interest from the media that instead prefers to focus on developments in the political sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the second book of poetry by Katarína Kucbelová (b. 1979) Šport ([Sport] 2006). The collection portrays the world as an ongoing process which transforms everything -- living and inanimate, abstract and concrete. The processual character of the world in Sport focuses specifically on the body. The reading outlined in the article handles processuality in connection with themes, motifs, and philosophy of life, deriving the essential points of thinking about corporeality from phenomenology. Since Kucbelová's poetry often refers to the principles of visual and conceptual art, a similar interpretive procedure can be applied to the reading of her writing: her poems connote various spheres of life and in the creative process, she combines these into a more or less unified thought world. Interpretive directions thus variously rely on the idea of processuality and develop it: these encompass such areas as conceptual art, phenomenology, meditation, biology, or somatic aesthetics. Broadly, these insights can be applied to the author's first three books of poetry, which can be laboriously described as a processual trilogy, since they all manifest an approach to various spheres of life as processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council fulfil their mandates by performing certain tasks as independent experts, with the responsibility to investigate human rights situations wherever they occur. They are required to take measures to monitor and respond quickly to allegations of human rights violations on behalf of the international community. Catalonia's pro-sovereignty process and the referendum held there on 1 October 2017 – despite having been declared illegal and suspended by Spain's Constitutional Court – had several judicial consequences, including trials, arrests and detentions. As a result, several sources submitted information to certain Special Procedures for them to communicate to the government of Spain their allegations of violations of the human rights of persons subject to judicial persecution. The Spanish government responded to each of these communications, consistently noting that the allegations referred to judicial actions ordered within the framework of the Spanish Constitution and laws, in accordance with Spain's status as a democratic state governed by the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo busca señales de discursos de odio aparecidos en comentarios sobre el procés y el independentismo catalán publicados en las noticias en prensa sobre Lionel Messi en Madrid y en Barcelona (Abc, La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo, Marca, El mundo y As) en el periodo 2019-2021. Partiendo de 2.639 noticias con Messi en el titular, se usaron métodos cuantitativos para identificar los hilos con comentarios políticos para estudiarlos después a través de análisis cualitativo del discurso. Los resultados reflejan que en Madrid se usan noticias y comentarios sobre Messi para hablar del procés y del independentismo, mientras que en Barcelona (tanto medios como comentaristas) no relacionan al jugador con la política. Dos periódicos de Barcelona (La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo) y dos de Madrid (Marca y El mundo) reúnen los 12 hilos con más comentarios políticos en ambas ciudades: 487, en total. Su análisis revela que la prensa deportiva concita opiniones más diversas que la generalista y, por tanto, recoge más conflicto y más presencia de discursos de odio por ideología política. Los primeros mensajes (1-25) en los hilos de comentarios aparecen un 77% de las veces como los más seguidos y, por lo tanto, los usuarios que escriben primero influyen más. Esta investigación concluye que los discursos de odio se detectan más en estructuras y argumentaciones que en palabras concretas, pero su existencia no tiene por qué ser negativa y puede derivar en un efecto búmeran contra el propio mensaje de odio si aparece derrotado en la dinámica de intervenciones.

The paper reflects on the absurd humour contained in Kafka's novel The Trial in two selected works of Russian literature. Using the example of two texts representing different genres (a short story and a poem) by Daniil Kharms and Vladimir Yermolayev, it shows how these two authors were inspired by this aspect of Kafka's work: in the case of Vladimir Yermolayev, the source of inspiration is completely unquestionable and is already referred to by the direct allusion in the title. The entire poem is then constructed as a lawsuit that originates, unfolds and concludes within the lyrical subject, which is the metaphorical Kafka himself. For Daniil Charms, the source of inspiration is unacknowledged, though obvious: Charms was inspired by one particular passage of Kafka's novel, which he altered in accordance with his poetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to identify traces of hate speech referred to the process for the independence of Catalonia (known as the procés) and the Catalan pro-independence movement published in the comments sections of news articles about Lionel Messi in Madrid and Barcelona in several newspapers (ABC, El País, La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo, Marca, El Mundo and AS) during the period 2019-2021. Based on 2,639 news items containing the word 'Messi' in the headline, quantitative methods were used to identify and study the threads with the highest number of political comments in some of the newspapers analysed. The results show that in Madrid, news and comments about Messi were used to discuss the procés and the pro-independence movement, while the player was not linked to politics in Barcelona-based newspapers. Two Barcelona newspapers (La Vanguardia, Mundo Deportivo) and two Madrid newspapers (Marca and El Mundo) contained the 12 threads with the highest number of political comments in both cities: 487 in total. Their analysis revealed that the sports press was more diverse in its opinions than the general press and, therefore, contained more conflict-related and more hate speech based on political ideology. The first posts (1-25) in comment threads were the most followed (in 77% of the times), which meant that the users who posted first had the most influence. This research concludes that hate speech was detected more in structures and arguments than in specific words; however, its existence was not necessarily negative and could result in a boomerang effect against the hate message itself if it was defeated in the ensuing comment dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de las acusaciones por delitos de discurso de odio en que la supuesta víctima serían miembros de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado en el contexto del procés independentista en Cataluña. Se pretende mostrar el uso político que se ha hecho de esos delitos y, en un plano más teórico, extraer alguna conclusión respecto a la caracterización de los estados de excepción no formales. Para ello, se ha recurrido, mayormente, a documentos de las instituciones del Estado (sentencias, instrucciones, manuales, etc.) o, en su defecto, a noticias periodísticas, todo ello complementado con bibliografía secundaria especializada en la materia. De lo expuesto, se extraen algunas conclusiones sobre las relaciones entre derecho y política.

Gledališka umetnost se v vzgojo in izobraževanje lahko vključuje na različne načine in z različnimi cilji. Prva dva stebra gledališke pedagogike – gledališko opismenjevanje in gledališko ustvarjanje – imata za cilj seznanjanje z gledališko umetnostjo in ustvarjanje gledališča, medtem ko tretji steber gledališke pedagogike – učenje z gledališkimi pristopi – gledališče (oz. gledališke pristope, metode in tehnike) razume ne le kot cilj, temveč predvsem kot sredstvo za doseganje širših vzgojno-izobraževalnih ciljev. Tak gledališki pristop predstavlja drama v izobraževanju, ki jo lahko apliciramo na različna predmetna področja in pri tem poleg vzgojno-izobraževalnih dosegamo tudi estetske cilje – učimo se z dramo in o drami. Drama v izobraževanju spada med t. i. procesne oblike drame, saj ne predvideva končnega produkta (predstave). Izhaja iz improvizirane simbolne igre / igre vlog, zaradi vzgojno-izobraževalnih ciljev pa lahko trdimo tudi, da označuje učni pristop, pri katerem učitelj / gledališki pedagog uporablja kombinacije metod in tehnik gledališke pedagogike, povezanih v smiselno dramsko strukturo. Drama v izobraževanju ob ustvarjalnih gledaliških dejavnostih največ časa namenja dogovarjanju in strukturiranju pomenov, kar usmerja učitelj / gledališki pedagog. Četudi do potankosti izpeljana definicija drame v izobraževanju ni mogoča, so njene ključne značilnosti naslednje: procesnost, igra vlog, improvizacija, kolektivnost, dialog in simbolna dimenzija.

One of the first pioneers to try to reconcile the Catholic doctrine of creation, salvation and redemption with the idea of evolution was the French Jesuit Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. He believed that humanity has an important role to play in the further development of the universe, since human conscio usness or thought represents the highest stage of the evolution of the universe. This evolution was to be completed by reaching the Omega Point, which draws the universe and humanity towards the perfect complex interconnectedness. This is a distinctly teleological, finalistic view of the evolution of the universe and of life in it, and the Omega Point is associated with Christ, as depicted in some of the writings of the New Testament. In this paper, two hypotheses are put forward on the basis of Teilhard’s philosophy and proved by scientific facts. The first is that in the evolution of nature, that is, of the material universe (cosmogenesis), of life (abiogenesis) and of thought or spirit (noogenesis), we can see the solution of the original theological problem, namely, the evil of disconnectedness, by means of the integration of simple parts into a complex whole. The second hypothesis argues that modern technology is one of the phenomena of evolution, specifically of noogenesis, because by facilitating the flow of information and transdisciplinary learning, research and collaboration, it can foster the interweaving of simple thoughts and thinking persons into a complex whole. This is not to overlook the pressing problem where technology is not only connective but also disruptive, not because it is inherently bad, but because of the unhealthy spirit of a society that is immature to the new gains of humanity due to a weak moral consciousness. In this article we suggest that guidelines for the ethical use of technology should also be developed from the perspective of the Omega Point, namely from the ultimate full complex interconnectedness of creation, and that the motivation for following them should be found in the meaningful and realizes identity of the persons who use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

În prezentul articol autorii efectuează o analiză a relației de neglijență penală cu greșeli de fapt în cazul infracțiunilor din domeniul securității. În opinia autorilor, pentru a stabili vinovăţia ca temei al răspunderii în dreptul penal trebuie avut în vedere principiul răspunderii subiective. În baza acestui principiu oricât de gravă ar fi fapta săvârşită de o persoană, oricât de periculoase ar fi urmările ei pentru societate, atâta timp cât nu s-a stabilit că făptuitorul nu a acţionat cu intenţie sau din culpă, fapta şi urmările sale nu-i sunt imputabile. Drept urmare răspunderea penală este exclusivă.

MY PAIN IS GREATER THAN YOURS: THE PROCESS OF COMMEMORATING KL PLASZOW This article presents an accompanying description of the process involved in commemorating the former labor and concentration camp, Plaszow. The actors involved primarily differ in the function they desire to attribute to the memorial, while the strong emotions accompanying them are primarily a consequence of the process’s underlying cause – death ingrained in the post-camp landscape. Engagement in the process evokes suffering, which limits the possibilities for dialogue surrounding commemoration. Recently, the appointment of a caretaker for the site of memory, the KL Plaszow Museum, has proven to be the most influential factor in the dynamics of the process. Given that the museum is an enduring institution, there is now a strong need to explore new forms of mediation that facilitate understanding. In the author’s view, specialists in culture studies, with their expert competencies, can serve as neutral intermediaries bridging the diverse expectations of the actors.

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the "Stefan cel Mare" Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova / Revista Stiintifica a Academiei Stefan cel Mare is the property of Stefan cel Mare University, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova / Ministerul Afe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article s'interroge sur la manière dont le procès des responsables et complices des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 s'inspire de l'héritage du procès de Nuremberg, qui a été filmé et a accueilli la projection régulière d'images comme témoignages et comme preuves. Cette problématique, qui est caractéristique des sociétés dans lesquelles les images sont l'objet d'un intérêt académique comme judiciaire, conduit à questionner ce qu'elles apportent dans un tribunal, en termes de « vérité », et comment elles sont reçues par les protagonistes du procès et les sociétés dans lesquelles elles ont été produites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an accompanying description of the process involved in commemorating the former labor and concentration camp, Plaszow. The actors involved primarily differ in the function they desire to attribute to the memorial, while the strong emotions accompanying them are primarily a consequence of the process’s underlying cause – death ingrained in the post-camp landscape. Engagement in the process evokes suffering, which limits the possibilities for dialogue surrounding commemoration. Recently, the appointment of a caretaker for the site of memory, the KL Plaszow Museum, has proven to be the most influential factor in the dynamics of the process. Given that the museum is an enduring institution, there is now a strong need to explore new forms of mediation that facilitate understanding. In the author’s view, specialists in culture studies, with their expert competencies, can serve as neutral intermediaries bridging the diverse expectations of the actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eroarea este ideea greşită pe care o avem despre un lucru, sau mai precis credinţa în existenţa unei calităţi sau a unui fapt, relativ la un fapt juridic, calitate sau fapt care nu există în realitate. Eroarea în dreptul penal are înţelesul comprehensiv de greșeală şi de neștiință. Deci, greşeala sau comiterea fără voinţă a unei infracţiuni este mereu rezultatul ignoranţei fie de fapt, fie de drept. Eroarea nu trebuie confundată cu ignoranţa: prima este cunoştinţa greşită relativ la o faptă, pe când ignoranţa este lipsa cunoştinţei. Însă în dreptul penal ele se confundă, deoarece eroarea provine din ignoranţă. În dreptul penal eroarea de fapt constituie o scuză. De asemenea, în dreptul barbar era considerată ca scuză, iar în dreptul canonic şi dreptul Evului Mediu eroarea de fapt constituia o scuză numai atunci când nu provenea dintr-o vădită neglijenţă.

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Les recours en matière de contentieux des résultats résultent de la contestation des décisions du juge pour cause d’erreurs contenues dans ces arrêts ou pour en solliciter l’interprétation. La lecture des dispositions combinées des articles 21, alinéa 2 de la Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo et 74 quinquies alinéa 3 de la loi électorale révèle que, l’admission par le juge constitutionnel chargé du contentieux des résultats, de la rectification d’erreurs matérielles et de l’interprétation constitue en même temps un assouplissement de l’interdiction de « tout recours » émise à l’article 168 alinéa 1er de la même Constitution, et un renforcement de celle d’y déroger émise à son article 61 point 5. L’intérêt qui en résulte en tant que mesure de l’action, justifie, en réalité, toute demande tendant à obtenir du juge, la modification de ses décisions qui, selon le vœu du constituant, ne sont susceptibles d’« aucun recours » et sont immédiatement exécutoires et opposables à tous. Il en demeure que « d’aucun » renforce sans nul doute, l’interdiction constitutionnelle de « tout recours » quelle que soit sa nature ou son origine ; et le juge devrait dire telle requête irrecevable, contrairement à la tendance affichée.

Dans les assemblées politiques et devant les tribunaux, les plaideurs avaient utilisé des stratégies oratoires pour défendre leurs causes. Ces stratégies comprenaient l’utilisation d’arguments juridiques et extra juridiques dans lesquels l’on retrouvait des arguments religieux ou en relation avec le sacré. L’on distingue deux catégories d’arguments à savoir : d’une part les transgressions religieuses commises par leurs adversaires, leur entourage ou provenant d’une personne avec qui ils n’avaient aucun lien, et les arguments contre quelque proposition de décret. D’autre part, les faits ou des objets religieux en relation avec les plaideurs eux-mêmes. En utilisant des faits religieux contre leurs adversaires, leur entourage et contre un décret, les plaideurs espéraient obtenir des jurés des condamnations à de lourdes peines et l’invalidation du décret. Cependant, en employant des faits religieux concernant eux-mêmes, les plaideurs voulaient prouver leur statut de citoyen.

The circumstances surrounding the call for a referendum on national independence in Catalonia in October 2017 led to high levels of collaboration between two, at first sight, unlikely partners: anarchists and Catalan independentists. Unlikely as this alliance may seem, it was well grounded on a number of factors: first of all, in the State response to the independentist challenge—the massive repression and the blockading of institutional channels to process nationalist demands pushed both movements closer in opposition to the central government; and secondly, in the prolonged interactions (in specific regions and industries) and engagement in joint solidarity activities between anarchists and segments of the Catalan left who had been influenced by the bottom‐up approach of the indignados movement. Finally, this collaboration was also rooted on a long history of mutual engagement between anarchism and sectors of Catalan nationalism that, while not unproblematic, provided deep roots to this dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Le 31 mai 1949, à la requête de la Société des Gens de Lettres, la chambre criminelle de la Cour de Cassation annule la condamnation pour outrage aux bonnes mœurs portée en 1857 contre Les Fleurs du Mal, devant une opinion publique acquise d'avance à la réhabilitation. Maître Falco1, conseiller rapporteur, le reconnaît lui-même : « En plaidant aujourd'hui pour les Fleurs du Mal, on a l'impression de plaider pour un livre de la Bibliothèque rose, qui serait couronné par un prix de vertu. Rien ne subsiste pour démontrer un outrage aux bonnes mœurs2. » On a du mal à croire que ce jugement soit intervenu après vingt-cinq ans de tergiversations et de polémiques sur un sujet qui faisait l'unanimité. Je résumerai brièvement les grandes phases de la discussion avant de me concentrer sur la dernière controverse, qui a divisé le monde des lettres en 1946, à l'occasion du vote de la loi autorisant la révision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette analyse consiste à penser les possibilités de réhabilitation de la République Démocratique du Congo. Cette République en gestation offre une modernité particulière dont les brouillages de codes, de pronostics, de prévisions démocratiques ou du développement constituent un des lieux féconds d’interrogations pour une contribution intéressante au débat actuel sur le possible ou l’impossible de l’histoire africaine. Il se dégage dans cette étude que la souveraineté d’un Etat dépend de sa puissance qui se décline sous différents aspects de capacités : capacité intellectuelle, capacité politique, capacité économique, capacité militaire. Toutes ces capacités ne peuvent avoir une fonctionnalité nationale que si le patrimoine en constitue le socle.

Este artículo analiza las estrategias de defensa de Jordi Cuixart durante la causa especial 20907/2017 ante el Tribunal Supremo. El enfoque se compone a partir de la obra de Jacques Vergès y su distinción entre estrategias de ruptura y connivencia, tomando aportes de otras fuentes para contextualizar el análisis y comprender la caracterización de la justicia como institución política al servicio del poder establecido, lo cual es elemental para situar las categorías de Vergès y el comportamiento de Cuixart. Busca así mismo constatar la existencia de fines políticos que explican el comportamiento procesal del acusado y el cambio que acontece entre la instrucción y el juicio oral. Conocerlos es útil para comprender, por un lado, la dicotomía entre ruptura y connivencia en base a un ejemplo actual; y por otro, las razones que mueven a Cuixart, lo que ayuda a conocer mejor el proceso y los escenarios que, tras el mismo, aparecen.

Abstract: Does anything ever really “go away,” completely? This paper is a search for “real deletion,” and the metaphysics that must accompany real deletion. Why is that important? In artificial intelligence studies, researchers have offered a moving target for when artificial intelligence has been achieved. It began with the Turing test and has evolved through a thousand arguments (e.g., Dreyfuss’ What Computers Can’t Do, through Kurzweil’s “singularity” and into a hundred other criteria and thousands of discussions about what intelligence is and what it would mean to simulate or, as I favor, emulate it). This whole discussion is still just sorting through analogies to human intelligence, not approaching the thing itself, but good analogies must approach much more than analogous function: they must approach real indiscernibility. My arguments here will therefore be largely in the field of metaphysics and ontology, which is how I understand the word “real” in the phrase “real deletion.” I do not think that current researchers have rightly understood time and how it bears upon the criterion or. criteria of artificial intelligence. Hence, I offer “real deletion,” in the sense to be described, as the criterion. The AI argument has implications for all of metaphysics as it relates to the fundamental character of time.

Acest articol abordează tema cunoașterii de sine ca necesitate a procesului de dezvoltare personală în atingerea propriului succes în viață. Ne-am propus să analizăm dacă procesul de cunoaștere de sine este un demers care apare în mod firesc, ca o tendință spre integritate a ființei umane sau sinergie cu lumea înconjurătoare, până la unirea cu transcendența, sau este oare o preocupare, o căutare conștientă, efervescentă, ce necesită interes și efort pentru dezvoltarea potențialităților până la împlinirea sinelui realizat la un nivel superior ? Este acest proces o parte componentă a motivației în obținerea succesului în profesie, în relațiile noastre cu alții sau în acțiunile de evoluție, de la structuri intuitive de gândire individuală și conduite primare de integrare în grup, în societate, până la elemente de metacogniție, creativitate și integrare în societate prin înalte valori morale?

Artykuł skupia się wokół problematyki zmian, jakie zachodzą w obszarze poradnictwa zawodowego, w szczególności w zakresie implikacji teoretycznych dla poradnictwo międzykulturowego. Proces doradczy, znaczenie doradztwa zawodowego, doradztwa edukacyjnego w pracy z klientem odmiennym kulturowo wymaga namysłu nad obecną rzeczywistością i refleksji nad obecnymi i przyszłymi zmianami. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, czego oczekuje się od poradnictwa zawodowego, z którego korzystają osoby pochodzące z innej kultury, jakie są/jakie powinny być kierunku przemian poradnictwa zawodowego, które staje w obliczu kryzysu związanego z epidemią, kryzysu migracyjnego, który nasili się zapewne z powodu kryzysu klimatycznego.

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Political Science Studies / Studia Politologiczne is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on educations to, and the conditions of their implementation, so that the capacity to problematize (Caparros-Mencacci, 2014) of learners is elicited. The perspective here is to « reposition education in its role of training towards an engaged political citizenship » (Barthes, 2017). The particular case of an education for sustainable development will be studied. It is a project carried out in the second year of secondary school on the issue of palm oil within the framework of the DAFIP/SFERE projects. Four results emerge. The first is that the teacher's knowledge of the type of educational problem and of the students' problematization process constitutes a basis for guiding the action, which could enable him or her to analyze the problem a priori, to anticipate the action, but also to guide the action. The second is that skilfully chosen mediating artefacts - for example, the trial and the debate - encourage problematizing interactions and the overcoming of initial points of view. The third is that problematization does not arise from the defense of one point of view - even if argued - against another, but when students are educated about the totality of points of view studied and when these can be integrated in order to construct a response. Here, and this is the fourth result, the teacher's capacity to exercise a questioning that pushes the students to reflect is decisive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actions of diplomacy in all aspects of international activity are known as paradiplomacy. But when it is accompanied by nationalist or independence movements, it completely transforms into a different phenomenon, protodiplomacy. This conversion can be analyzed in three factors, which are the following: political, economic, and cultural. The objective of this article is to carry out a theoretical and descriptive analysis of the implications of these factors in the actions of paradiplomacy and protodiplomacy in specific cases such as Catalonia and other Spanish regions. As a consequence of an extensive bibliographic review, the history of the sovereignist process in Catalonia and the development of its paradiplomacy are analyzed in order to find the meeting points with protodiplomacy. As a result, the political factor is decisive for a region to change paradigms, regardless of the degree of autonomy in foreign policy that a nation enjoys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergie Tunisie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Universal Excellence (JUE) / Revija za Univerzalno Odličnost (RUO) is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Juridica Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Prawnych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El Design Thinking és una estratègia de pensament creatiu que situa en el centre del procés a l’usuari de la solució a implementar. Donada la seva flexibilitat i facilitat d’adaptació a diferents propostes, al llarg dels últims dos anys ha estat una metodologia utilitzada en el meu dia a dia en l’aula, obtenint bons resultats degut a l’increment de la motivació dels alumnes per la seva participació més activa apropant-los a les STEAM.

Este artículo analiza 144 noticias deportivas sobre seis hitos políticos relativos al proceso soberanista de Cataluña publicadas, entre 2013 y 2019, en las ediciones digitales de seis periódicos españoles: los diarios deportivos Marca, As, Sport y Mundo Deportivo y las secciones de Deportes de los medios generalistas La Vanguardia y El País. Los resultados señalan una elevada presencia de términos de significación política en los cuerpos de texto y, especialmente, en los títulos de las noticias deportivas. Esto ocurre casi por igual en los seis periódicos, independientemente de su naturaleza generalista o especializada y su localización geográfica. En la mayoría de los casos la politización de los contenidos, que en un 93% versan solo sobre fútbol, se debe principalmente a los pronunciamientos políticos de los agentes deportivos sobre el conflicto catalán, algo que se hace mucho más visible cuando se trata de futbolistas, entrenadores o directivos del F.C. Barcelona.

Sanitation and water are one of those problems which have been given top priority in the sustainable agenda. However, scanty resources, geographical condition, natural environment, tradition, institutional and financial constraints lead to several challenges of feasibility, affordability, availability, and acceptability. This study reveals the inequality in the access to improved toilet facilities based on wealth index and locality of households using National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data. These problems can be addressed by applying different types of social innovations in which novelty in product and process can play a crucial role. This paper critically examines the role of innovation which can play in expanding transition to sustainable development in the sanitation sector which needs some financial, organizational, and institutional agreement. The progress in sanitation sector is dependent on the consumer behavior. However, it still lacks a variety of quality-price ranges and its utility as the basic needs of dignified life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)