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This paper delves into the challenge of financing Sustainable Development Goal 3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” (SDG 3). Despite its ambitious nature, the achievement of this goal has been hindered by a substantial lack of funding. The study aims to investigate potential sources to bridge the investment gap in SDG 3, analyzing data from 28 European countries. This includes factors such as the index and progress in sustainable development, sources of investment resources, and healthcare costs for 2020. Logit and probit regression models are employed for the analysis. The results indicate the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the volume of investments from the state, businesses, and households of countries and their level of SDG 3 achievement. However, an interesting finding emerges regarding healthcare expenditures under state insurance programs among European countries, which show a greater extent of progress in achieving SDGs compared to voluntary insurance programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach that uses multiple funding sources and the need for focused policies and partnerships to mobilize resources to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. AcknowledgmentAlex Plastun gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (№ 0121U113830).

Using data on 30 OECD countries over 1993–2019, this paper examines the ties between the components of government expenditure and the supply side of the private sector. We employ an ECM version of the novel dynamic common correlated effects estimator (DCCE) in order to account for nonstationarity, country-heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. The estimates suggest that allocating public resources toward general public services and health positively affects the long-run dynamics of private investments. Conversely, rises in the expenditure on housing and social protection are associated with significant crowding-out effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We re-explore the link between government expenditure and private investments within a modern econometric framework. Performing a dynamic analysis on a panel of 28 OECD countries over 1990–2019, we account for nonstationarity, country-heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. By estimating an ECM version of the novel CS-ARDL model, we find robust evidence of both short-run and long-run adverse effects of aggregate government expenditure on private investments. Increases in productive expenditure have no significant effect on the long-run dynamics of private investments, whereas reallocating public resources towards productive expenditure enhances them. By contrast, both level increases and shifts of resources towards unproductive expenditure discourage capital formation in the private sector. Using the government budget constraint (GBC) system, we observe that the effects of government expenditure depend on how it is financed. In most cases, the short-run fall in private investments is mainly associated with tax-financed expenditure, while debt-financed expenditure appears to be the most detrimental in the long-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether an increase in political decentralization, which is a global trend, affects income inequality. It argues that the effect of decentralization on equality lies with the quality of governance, that is, how well the traditions and institutions of an authority in a country are exercised. Using an instrumental variables (IV)/two-stage least squares (2SLS) method, this paper shows that an increase in decentralization reduces inequality. However, this reduction is stronger for countries with a relatively low quality of governance, possibly because private investments in these countries reduce income inequality. A policy implication is that institutional-specific decentralization strategies can reduce inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small water service providers operating in informal markets across the Global South address critical gaps in public investments in the rural water sector. This study analyses the growth and operations of private desalination plants and distributing vendors in Khulna, Bangladesh, within the broader landscape of uncoordinated investments by government, donors and households. Household water choices and payment behaviour vary spatially and seasonally, with observable wealth differences in self-supply investments in rainwater tanks and tubewells. Monitoring and regulating informal private providers can improve sectoral coordination, increase efficiency of service delivery and unlock commercial finances against the backdrop of declining aid-based financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Managerial Researshes is the property of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Commercial & Managerial Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to shed light on the increasing importance of the public-private partnership in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, and the growing of available opportunities to attract private investments for many sectors such as aviation, water and port management, as well as clarifying challenges and obstacles of this type of contracting, and requirements for the successful partnership between public and private sectors in order to clarify and crystallize requirements and foundations of the real partnership between them in setting economic policies in order to advance the Saudi economy and achieve the desired economic development in the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The study concluded that the partnership between public and private sectors, if it has the right structure, can be developed successfully, that's what has been proved by the actual progress made by the Kingdom by opening new sectors and reforming laws and regulations, which led to an increase interest in partnership projects between the public sector and the private one. Thus, it will contribute to an increase number of partnership projects in the coming years with international, regional and local partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors reveal the historical and legal aspects of space activities in Ukraine. The historical and legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union, regulating the space industry, are analyzed. Considerable attention was paid to the peculiarities of legal regulation of the activities of the main space design bureaus of the time. It is concluded that the space activities of the USSR — in general and the Ukrainian SSR were provided on the basis of sublegislative normative legal acts (resolutions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Central bodies of the Communist party). However, the lack of the national space law was offset by systematic and full funding of space activities, resulting in the Soviet Union having a powerful space industry. In the conditions of modern development, Ukraine has all the opportunities to achieve significant development of the space industry, using the positive experience of the USSR and opening access to space activities of private investment.

The article examines infrastructure investment projects, their impact on the economy. The main attention is paid to road construction objects, because the road network still does not meet modern requirements. Due to the fact that infrastructure projects are diagnosed and classified according to areas of activity, systematized according to the forms of implementation, it is necessary to determine approaches to a targeted assessment of the effectiveness of such projects, depending on their classification, which are formulated in the article. Attention is focused on the need for alternative projects, which is facilitated by the digitalization of the economy. Infrastructure projects can be financed from several sources of budgets of all levels, off-budget funds, private investors ’ funds, joint and project financing, concession agreements, foreign investments and bank loans with a minimum interest rate.

Port industry plays one of key roles the economy of Ukraine. Sea ports are component part of a transport and productive infrastructure of the state and taking into account their location play key role as a “Sea Gates” to internal transport corridors.The corporate governance reform aims to create an efficient and transparent state enterprise management environment which will protect the rights of an owner, establish an effective system of internal controls and create a level playing field with commercial companies in the market in compliance with the principles of corporate governance set out by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. An author marks thе functioning and development of seaports depends on a number of factors, among which the most important are the forms of management of seaports, the level of their technological and technical equipment, the compliance of the management system with the current international requirements, the provision of regulatory and legal framework, the own and involved sources of modernization and development of maritime infrastructure. Material Unwell-being of settlement of such factors has direct influence on efficiency of functioning of port and transport industry, but also economies of country on the whole. However this research has for an object illumination of fundamental criterion is management forms. An author comes to the conclusion about the necessity of the use for Ukraine of the best world practices from administration of port industry and decision of problems that arose up, by creation at legislative level of terms for development of marine ports with application of case of Landlord Ports frame.

Unlike previous studies on electoral investment cycle—the tendency for firms to reduce investment expenditure during an election year relative to nonelection years—that have primarily focused on developed countries, this study documents cycles in private investments in relation to the timing of national elections across a broader set of African countries. The estimation results indicate that during election years, private investment decreases by an average of 16% relative to nonelection years. The results also reveal that private investment falls in the year leading up to an election and increases in the immediate year after an election, consistent with the view that electoral uncertainty deters investments. These findings suggest that electoral investment cycles apply strongly to African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using quarterly data on a panel of 14 OECD economies over 1960–2023, we model heterogeneously the nexus between public investments and private capital formation, allowing for asymmetric cointegration, fiscal feedback and addressing cross-sectional dependence. We find that: i) public investments crowd-in private investments in the short- and the long-run; ii) the private sector responds asymmetrically to expansions and reliefs in the flow of public capital; iii) the adjustments to the country-specific equilibrium paths depend on the way global shocks and local spillovers are modelled; iv) the effects of public investments could be partially offset if fiscal policy is used aggressively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of increasing the investment and innovative support for forestry practices as a necessary prerequisite to ensure the maximum possible wood growth and integrated use of forest resource potential is substantiated. It is found that under current conditions the main institutional prerequisite for attracting private investments in forestry is the establishment of partnerships between state forestry enterprises and private business entities. There analyzed the main tendencies of harvesting liquid wood from final felling, age structure of the main forest-forming species, area of increment felling at state forestry enterprises of Cherkasy region, which is a prerequisite for selecting priority areas for investment and innovation support for forestry practices of permanent forest users in the region. It is proved that the priority direction in investment and innovation support for forestry practices at state forestry enterprises of Cherkasy region is the formation of a mechanism for updating the fleet of production equipment and implements on a new technological basis, which will contribute to the maximum possible approximation of their forestry practices to the principles and rules of science-based forest management.

The role of the private sector in promoting economic growth has long been acknowledged by early classical economists. However since the emergence of the Keynesian interventionist philosophy, there have occurred vigorous debates and arguments from time to time around which of these two paradigms offers the most effective, promising and robust momentum to achieving economic growth. This study attempts to make a contribution to the discourse by assessing the linkages between fiscal policy and private investment and ultimately how these linkages impact on economic growth in Ghana. It adopts the positivist approach to research, employing the vector autoregressive (VAR) econometric method which enables researchers to uncover the various time-dependent relationships between the variables of interests as well as separate long run from short run relationships. The study employs a seven variable VAR based on the Cobb-Douglas production function encompassing private investment, fiscal aggregates and economic growth. The empirical analysis yields evidence to the fact that in this system developed, there are two long run relationships between economic growth and the other variables on one hand and government expenditure and the rest of the variables on the other. The long run estimates from the study suggests that private investments and government expenditure positively affect growth but both borrowing modes negatively influence economic growth. Again in the long run, growth in government expenditure is positively affected by the other variables. In the short run however, economic growth is negatively influenced by government expenditure but positively by private investments whilst private investments are negatively determined by government expenditure and domestic borrowing but influenced positively by external borrowing and indirect taxes. The main recommendation from the study is that government must thoughtfully reconsider the financing avenues in order not to constrain or undermine the development of the private investments as it would appear it has a critical role in driving growth in the Ghanaian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, the authors reveal the historical and legal aspects of space activities in Ukraine. The historical and legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union, regulating the space industry, are analyzed. Considerable attention was paid to the peculiarities of legal regulation of the activities of the main space design bureaus of the time. It is concluded that the space activities of the USSR -- in general and the Ukrainian SSR were provided on the basis of sublegislative normative legal acts (resolutions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Central bodies of the Communist party). However, the lack of the national space law was offset by systematic and full funding of space activities, resulting in the Soviet Union having a powerful space industry. In the conditions of modern development, Ukraine has all the opportunities to achieve significant development of the space industry, using the positive experience of the USSR and opening access to space activities of private investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study analyses the asymmetric cointegration between public and private investments. • Public investments crowd-in private investments in France. • Public investments exert neutral or negative long-run effects on US private investments. • The asymmetries are significant after 10 quarters following the fiscal impulse in France. • Some evidence of asymmetric effects arises for the US after 15–20 quarters. We analyse whether private investments are impacted asymmetrically by public investments and how any asymmetry evolves over time. We conduct time series analyses for France and the US within a flexible empirical framework exploiting quarterly data over 1960Q1–2022Q4. The results are summarized as follows: France's private investments are positively impacted by public investments both in the short- and long-run; public investments have a neutral or negative effect on private investments in the US; the asymmetric effects in France become significant and persistent after 10 quarters; some evidence of asymmetry emerges for the US in the long-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial market school of thought argues that financial market plays a key role in facilitating capital flows to less developed countries of the world. This school considers stock market a strong and potent channel of attracting and mobilizing capital for development across the globe. The study in this paper is therefore undertaken to determine the validity of this argument, by investigating how the stock market interfaces with other variables to influence capital flows to sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence clearly validates the importance of stock market by showing its direct positive impact on all the components of private capital inflows, an impact that is significantly enhanced by return on investment in the market. The stock market is also revealed to have a maximum threshold that suggests it possesses the capacity to channel a significant proportion of potential capital inflows. These findings point to the importance of raising the level of stock market development in order to attract more capital flows to the region, and indeed the less developed regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between investments and uncertainty for the US economy, as the latter is approximated by consumer sentiment, purchasing managers’ prospects and economic policy uncertainty. Contrary to the existing literature, we provide evidence that this relationship is time varying. The time variation is attributed to the observed temporal replacement effect between private and public investments. Furthermore, we show that there are two distinct correlation regimes in this relationship and unless we concentrate on them, we cannot fully unravel the real link between uncertainty and investments. Finally, we examine whether the use of the two correlation regimes provides better forecasts for investments compared to the use of the uncertainty indices alone. The forecasting exercise reveals that the use of correlation regimes provides statistically superior out-of-sample forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Latvian sports authorities under the Ministry of Education and Science are the main organisers of the sports life in Latvia. However, they have not been successful in providing equally good support to all athletes who need it. It is especially difficult to receive support for improving skills of individual athletes engaged in team sports. Often it is the individual mastery of an athlete that prohibits them from moving on to the adult level of sports of high achievement, even if the athlete was very talented and one of the best in the country when he/she was young. Methods. The descriptive statistics method and content analysis were used to assess shortcomings in the allocation of finances in the Latvian sports industry. Conclusions were drawn on the data collected, on the basis of which a new method was developed in sports management, the efficiency of which was verified by performing an experiment. Results. After analysing the most popular sports among young people in the country, as well as the available infrastructure, it may be suggested which sports are the most attractive for investors. It may be concluded that the state is able to successfully solve this problem by attracting private investors who would be personally interested in the development of athletes and also carry out successful investment management. The study demonstrated that a successful process of private investments ensures a positive return on the investments, as well as the development of athletes. One way to build successful cooperation is by creating high-quality sports development centres or sports investment management companies which will efficiently contribute to athletes' transition from youth to professional sports. The efficiency of the methodology developed can be demonstrated by creating a company which would act as an example for attracting private investments in the development of athletes. Conclusion. The development of athletes would become more efficient and purposeful if sports could attract potential investments with promising returns. This would create a tripartite cooperation among the state, athletes and private investors, which would benefit each of the three cooperating parties. Additional funding in the development of Latvian athletes would have a positive impact on the entire sports industry as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Africa has experienced an increase of private land use investments in the past years. Rural households have consequently faced crucial changes in their livelihoods. This paper explores the socio-economic impacts of industrial forest plantations on rural communities in Niassa, Mozambique. According to our results private forest plantations have the potential to positively impact local people’s wealth and well-being, if enough emphasis is given to minimizing the negative impacts. The household survey data of 218 observations from five villages were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The study shows that forest plantations have threatened the basis of traditional rural livelihoods by reducing the availability of natural resources and through the relocation of agricultural plots. However, investments have also supported the diversification of livelihood strategies in the communities by providing formal employment and by increasing business and trading activities. As growing population and traditional agricultural practices have led to the overexploitation of natural resources, non-natural resource-based livelihood strategies increase the resilience of a household. The majority of respondents reported plantations to have either no overall impact or a positive impact on the well-being of their household. According to our results, socio-economic household characteristics only marginally explain respondents’ perceptions of the impacts of forest plantations but perceptions differ significantly between individual villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of gender in entrepreneurship has been thoroughly investigated. However, less is known about gender differences in access to private investment when attempting to develop a new technology. In this paper, we use data collected by the National Research Council of the National Academies to estimate differences between the probability that a female-owned firm and a male-owned firm, both conducting research funded by the Small Business Innovation Research program, will receive private investment funding to help to commercialize the funded technology. We find that female-owned firms are disadvantaged in their access to private investment, especially in the West and Northeast regions of the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a transaction cost framework to analyze the performance of gas-based private investments in two coastal Indian states – Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. These states have a similar regulatory set-up and have seen bulk of the initial gas-based private investment being made. Yet they differ greatly in terms of actual generation. Andhra Pradesh's lack of success can be attributed to upstream regulation and arm's length contractual design. This created a weak demand response giving rise to high transaction costs. Whereas in Gujarat, upstream contractual design has ensured that demand response is strong enough to minimize transaction costs for utilities downstream. Our cases reiterate that alternative governance structures (competitive markets and hierarchical systems) need to be subjected to a comparative analysis of transaction cost minimization. Hence, the general policy of promoting competition may not be a strategic solution for India where adequate investment for annual supply of electricity is the real problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]